CINXE.COM
The Conversation
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="es-ES" class="no-js"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#d8352a"> <meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#d8352a"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="127105130696839"> <meta name="current-region" content="es"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="es-ES"> <script> //<![CDATA[ window.public_path = "https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/"; window.TC = {}; window.TC.Config = {"cookie_domain":".theconversation.com","image_cdn_domain":"images.theconversation.com","analytics_url":"https://analytics.theconversation.com","sharejs_init_delay_ms":0,"recaptcha":{"enabled":true,"siteKey":"6Lf3Oc0UAAAAAIbME3Lv7iS7EVeuQzpru1Jbij5N"}}; //]]> </script> <!-- refspec 1a2ddd471ab3c69181eaad9aff315ef02bb44530 --> <title>The Conversation</title> <style media="screen"> @font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;src:local("Montserrat Thin "),local("Montserrat-Thin"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-100-a5bfe500a212b55e1d97ab22ec963cc2.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-100-f3fd3a8cda2788c9187834cf76d76d57.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:100;src:local("Montserrat Thin italic"),local("Montserrat-Thinitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-100italic-c4fd7303dedad09a44867a2c79296456.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-100italic-8545c5c9716e859e79c61d608b561504.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:200;src:local("Montserrat Extra Light "),local("Montserrat-Extra Light"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-200-11e53b4b006a3bacb5b027c6a9bb64ce.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-200-b6f663e2de4a8379688cdba1b954edbc.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:200;src:local("Montserrat Extra Light italic"),local("Montserrat-Extra Lightitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-200italic-32131f2a84c4a3abee7d2fd2b49850ad.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-200italic-cd7b7fa2da727185e9a74724658bcc65.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local("Montserrat Light "),local("Montserrat-Light"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-300-c587fd5d56f85fb730092fc82551b5a1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-300-46b5c290e8fd38b7639e3f9383c2ac56.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;src:local("Montserrat Light italic"),local("Montserrat-Lightitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-300italic-ca09533c023a3a9df2fb0167c26e0fdb.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-300italic-f56d740b2c209398b341cc025a9c77d6.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local("Montserrat Regular "),local("Montserrat-Regular"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-400-504499c7e16ee847a32a7a8bf6923a79.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-400-7710fcbaccd9837e1c5e7e819bf1d230.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local("Montserrat Regular italic"),local("Montserrat-Regularitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-400italic-920286bb1fd8ffb693ef17a42546ee3a.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-400italic-035e0faa25a71eeab032f07cf5490eef.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local("Montserrat Medium "),local("Montserrat-Medium"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-500-6fd836a65acf6d59bd2f5e0be5717207.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-500-561e37f444fecedbe680a382e941392a.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local("Montserrat Medium italic"),local("Montserrat-Mediumitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-500italic-44f475da8da3427ecc77a4450f00452c.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-500italic-4d2fdf6bcf6c74b893e69fec9c8907e5.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;src:local("Montserrat SemiBold "),local("Montserrat-SemiBold"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-600-c18b4ac34e93857f7437c28f94923dc0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-600-010ceaeb92611d327450a647f8ce6017.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:600;src:local("Montserrat SemiBold italic"),local("Montserrat-SemiBolditalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-600italic-2dbbde16b836db7a390a71d3aa2a232e.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-600italic-045adf4940dd14d523350697cd984663.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local("Montserrat Bold "),local("Montserrat-Bold"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-700-66fd2310725b78026454e50d0dd9effc.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-700-a7a97263d97c409f1a624f88d4f8f00e.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:local("Montserrat Bold italic"),local("Montserrat-Bolditalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-700italic-a9005293d3425d6e611c7c5f451d6f68.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-700italic-2413952457cc83b0bc6fe20b12ffa15b.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;src:local("Montserrat ExtraBold "),local("Montserrat-ExtraBold"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-800-abbac7439df45ab1a1e316d480a5c281.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-800-5e564db333b8b21c83b84ed531d94eb2.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:800;src:local("Montserrat ExtraBold italic"),local("Montserrat-ExtraBolditalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-800italic-4dac3f51b5a7a0609d210cc4fd4d5980.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-800italic-61120b3c6f076e91b0a7e86ac6966634.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:900;src:local("Montserrat Black "),local("Montserrat-Black"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-900-041d8fc07df6765187171717d5b810fb.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-900-c440708c3b73b3d9cea7e345718de728.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:900;src:local("Montserrat Black italic"),local("Montserrat-Blackitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-900italic-3028f5dd9ff9ce34cb18fac0f6ffbbda.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-900italic-1d7048d5048513c46705b15fb67a4379.woff) format("woff")}*,:after,:before{--tw-border-spacing-x:0;--tw-border-spacing-y:0;--tw-translate-x:0;--tw-translate-y:0;--tw-rotate:0;--tw-skew-x:0;--tw-skew-y:0;--tw-scale-x:1;--tw-scale-y:1;--tw-pan-x: ;--tw-pan-y: ;--tw-pinch-zoom: ;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity;--tw-gradient-from-position: ;--tw-gradient-via-position: ;--tw-gradient-to-position: ;--tw-ordinal: ;--tw-slashed-zero: ;--tw-numeric-figure: ;--tw-numeric-spacing: ;--tw-numeric-fraction: ;--tw-ring-inset: ;--tw-ring-offset-width:0px;--tw-ring-offset-color:#fff;--tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,.5);--tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000;--tw-blur: ;--tw-brightness: ;--tw-contrast: ;--tw-grayscale: ;--tw-hue-rotate: ;--tw-invert: ;--tw-saturate: ;--tw-sepia: ;--tw-drop-shadow: ;--tw-backdrop-blur: ;--tw-backdrop-brightness: ;--tw-backdrop-contrast: ;--tw-backdrop-grayscale: ;--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ;--tw-backdrop-invert: ;--tw-backdrop-opacity: ;--tw-backdrop-saturate: ;--tw-backdrop-sepia: ;--tw-contain-size: ;--tw-contain-layout: ;--tw-contain-paint: ;--tw-contain-style: }::backdrop{--tw-border-spacing-x:0;--tw-border-spacing-y:0;--tw-translate-x:0;--tw-translate-y:0;--tw-rotate:0;--tw-skew-x:0;--tw-skew-y:0;--tw-scale-x:1;--tw-scale-y:1;--tw-pan-x: ;--tw-pan-y: ;--tw-pinch-zoom: ;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity;--tw-gradient-from-position: ;--tw-gradient-via-position: ;--tw-gradient-to-position: ;--tw-ordinal: ;--tw-slashed-zero: ;--tw-numeric-figure: ;--tw-numeric-spacing: ;--tw-numeric-fraction: ;--tw-ring-inset: ;--tw-ring-offset-width:0px;--tw-ring-offset-color:#fff;--tw-ring-color:rgba(51,168,204,.5);--tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000;--tw-blur: ;--tw-brightness: ;--tw-contrast: ;--tw-grayscale: ;--tw-hue-rotate: ;--tw-invert: ;--tw-saturate: ;--tw-sepia: ;--tw-drop-shadow: ;--tw-backdrop-blur: ;--tw-backdrop-brightness: ;--tw-backdrop-contrast: ;--tw-backdrop-grayscale: ;--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ;--tw-backdrop-invert: ;--tw-backdrop-opacity: ;--tw-backdrop-saturate: ;--tw-backdrop-sepia: ;--tw-contain-size: ;--tw-contain-layout: ;--tw-contain-paint: ;--tw-contain-style: }.container{width:100%}@media (min-width:599px){.container{max-width:599px}}@media (min-width:768px){.container{max-width:768px}}@media (min-width:1024px){.container{max-width:1024px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.container{max-width:1280px}}@media (min-width:1466px){.container{max-width:1466px}}@media (min-width:2560px){.container{max-width:2560px}}.\!visible{visibility:visible!important}.visible{visibility:visible}.invisible{visibility:hidden}.collapse{visibility:collapse}.static{position:static}.fixed{position:fixed}.absolute{position:absolute}.relative{position:relative}.sticky{position:sticky}.bottom-0{bottom:0}.right-0{right:0}.right-full{right:100%}.top-0{top:0}.z-0{z-index:0}.z-10{z-index:10}.z-20{z-index:20}.float-right{float:right}.float-left{float:left}.clear-both{clear:both}.m-0{margin:0}.mx-1{margin-left:.25rem;margin-right:.25rem}.mx-2{margin-left:.5rem;margin-right:.5rem}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.my-0{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.my-1{margin-bottom:.25rem;margin-top:.25rem}.my-10{margin-bottom:2.5rem;margin-top:2.5rem}.my-2{margin-bottom:.5rem;margin-top:.5rem}.my-7{margin-bottom:1.75rem;margin-top:1.75rem}.-ml-1{margin-left:-.25rem}.-mr-1{margin-right:-.25rem}.-mt-1{margin-top:-.25rem}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0}.mb-1{margin-bottom:.25rem}.mb-2{margin-bottom:.5rem}.mb-4{margin-bottom:1rem}.mb-5{margin-bottom:1.25rem}.mb-6{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.mb-8{margin-bottom:2rem}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.ml-3{margin-left:.75rem}.mr-1{margin-right:.25rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.mt-1{margin-top:.25rem}.mt-10{margin-top:2.5rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mt-3{margin-top:.75rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.mt-5{margin-top:1.25rem}.mt-6{margin-top:1.5rem}.block{display:block}.inline-block{display:inline-block}.inline{display:inline}.\!flex{display:flex!important}.flex{display:flex}.table{display:table}.table-cell{display:table-cell}.grid{display:grid}.contents{display:contents}.hidden{display:none}.size-4{height:1rem;width:1rem}.h-10{height:2.5rem}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-8{height:2rem}.h-auto{height:auto}.h-full{height:100%}.\!w-full{width:100%!important}.w-0{width:0}.w-1\/3{width:33.333333%}.w-10{width:2.5rem}.w-4{width:1rem}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-60{width:15rem}.w-full{width:100%}.max-w-full{max-width:100%}.max-w-lg{max-width:32rem}.flex-none{flex:none}.shrink-0{flex-shrink:0}.grow{flex-grow:1}.basis-1\/3{flex-basis:33.333333%}.border-collapse{border-collapse:collapse}.transform{transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))}.cursor-help{cursor:help}.cursor-pointer{cursor:pointer}.cursor-text{cursor:text}.resize{resize:both}.flex-row{flex-direction:row}.flex-col{flex-direction:column}.flex-wrap{flex-wrap:wrap}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-end{justify-content:flex-end}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.gap-1{gap:.25rem}.gap-2{gap:.5rem}.gap-3{gap:.75rem}.gap-4{gap:1rem}.\!overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden!important}.overflow-x-auto{overflow-x:auto}.truncate{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.rounded{border-radius:.25rem}.rounded-full{border-radius:9999px}.rounded-lg{border-radius:.5rem}.rounded-md{border-radius:.375rem}.rounded-xl{border-radius:.75rem}.\!rounded-l-full{border-bottom-left-radius:9999px!important;border-top-left-radius:9999px!important}.border{border-width:1px}.border-0{border-width:0}.border-2{border-width:2px}.border-x-0{border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0}.border-b{border-bottom-width:1px}.border-b-4{border-bottom-width:4px}.border-l-4{border-left-width:4px}.border-t-0{border-top-width:0}.border-solid{border-style:solid}.border-none{border-style:none}.\!border-gray-500{--tw-border-opacity:1!important;border-color:hsl(240 6% 50%/var(--tw-border-opacity))!important}.\!border-transparent{border-color:transparent!important}.border-black{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:hsl(0 0% 0%/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:hsl(240 5% 85%/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-gray-300{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:hsl(240 5% 71%/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-gray-50{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:hsl(240 4% 95%/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-red-600{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:hsl(4 80% 40%/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-transparent{border-color:transparent}.border-yellow-500{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:hsl(40 99% 50%/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.\!bg-gray-100{--tw-bg-opacity:1!important;background-color:hsl(240 3% 89%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))!important}.\!bg-green-300{--tw-bg-opacity:1!important;background-color:hsl(161 62% 72%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))!important}.\!bg-red-300{--tw-bg-opacity:1!important;background-color:hsl(4 68% 73%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))!important}.bg-black{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(0 0% 0%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-blue-500{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(194 60% 50%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-gray-50{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(240 4% 95%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-green-600{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(160 60% 40%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-red-50{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(7 43% 96%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-red-600{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(4 80% 40%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-transparent{background-color:transparent}.bg-white{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(0 0% 100%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-yellow-100{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(48 100% 90%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.\!p-1{padding:.25rem!important}.\!p-2{padding:.5rem!important}.p-0{padding:0}.p-1{padding:.25rem}.p-2{padding:.5rem}.p-3{padding:.75rem}.p-4{padding:1rem}.\!px-4{padding-left:1rem!important;padding-right:1rem!important}.px-0{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.px-10{padding-left:2.5rem;padding-right:2.5rem}.px-14{padding-left:3.5rem;padding-right:3.5rem}.px-2{padding-left:.5rem;padding-right:.5rem}.px-3{padding-left:.75rem;padding-right:.75rem}.px-4{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}.px-5{padding-left:1.25rem;padding-right:1.25rem}.px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.py-1{padding-bottom:.25rem;padding-top:.25rem}.py-1\.5{padding-bottom:.375rem;padding-top:.375rem}.py-2{padding-bottom:.5rem;padding-top:.5rem}.py-2\.5{padding-bottom:.625rem;padding-top:.625rem}.py-3{padding-bottom:.75rem;padding-top:.75rem}.py-4{padding-bottom:1rem;padding-top:1rem}.\!pl-3{padding-left:.75rem!important}.\!pr-0{padding-right:0!important}.pb-2{padding-bottom:.5rem}.pb-5{padding-bottom:1.25rem}.pl-10{padding-left:2.5rem}.pl-7{padding-left:1.75rem}.pr-11{padding-right:2.75rem}.pr-2{padding-right:.5rem}.pt-2{padding-top:.5rem}.pt-2\.5{padding-top:.625rem}.pt-3{padding-top:.75rem}.pt-4{padding-top:1rem}.text-left{text-align:left}.text-right{text-align:right}.align-top{vertical-align:top}.align-middle{vertical-align:middle}.font-sans{font-family:Helvetica Neue,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}.font-serif{font-family:Libre Baskerville,Libre-Baskerville-fallback,ui-serif,Georgia,Cambria,Times New Roman,Times,serif}.text-2xl{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem}.text-2xs{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1rem}.text-3xs{font-size:.62rem;line-height:.875rem}.text-base{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem}.text-lg{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.75rem}.text-sm{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}.text-xl{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}.text-xs{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem}.font-bold{font-weight:700}.font-medium{font-weight:500}.font-normal{font-weight:400}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase}.capitalize{text-transform:capitalize}.italic{font-style:italic}.leading-none{line-height:1}.leading-snug{line-height:1.375}.\!text-white{--tw-text-opacity:1!important;color:hsl(0 0% 100%/var(--tw-text-opacity))!important}.text-black{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(0 0% 0%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-blue-700{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(203 90% 30%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-400{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(240 6% 60%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(240 4% 40%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-700{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(240 2% 30%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-800{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(0 0% 22%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-red-600{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(4 80% 40%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-transparent{color:transparent}.text-white{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(0 0% 100%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-yellow-700{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(36 100% 30%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.underline{text-decoration-line:underline}.decoration-yellow-400{text-decoration-color:#ffc338}.decoration-wavy{text-decoration-style:wavy}.opacity-0{opacity:0}.opacity-100{opacity:1}.shadow{--tw-shadow:0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 1px 2px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);--tw-shadow-colored:0 1px 3px 0 var(--tw-shadow-color),0 1px 2px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color)}.shadow,.shadow-md{box-shadow:var(--tw-ring-offset-shadow,0 0 #0000),var(--tw-ring-shadow,0 0 #0000),var(--tw-shadow)}.shadow-md{--tw-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);--tw-shadow-colored:0 4px 6px -1px var(--tw-shadow-color),0 2px 4px -2px var(--tw-shadow-color)}.outline{outline-style:solid}.outline-1{outline-width:1px}.outline-gray-200{outline-color:#d7d7db}.blur{--tw-blur:blur(8px)}.blur,.filter{filter:var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow)}.transition{transition-duration:.15s;transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke,opacity,box-shadow,transform,filter,-webkit-backdrop-filter;transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke,opacity,box-shadow,transform,filter,backdrop-filter;transition-property:color,background-color,border-color,text-decoration-color,fill,stroke,opacity,box-shadow,transform,filter,backdrop-filter,-webkit-backdrop-filter;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1)}.transition-all{transition-duration:.15s;transition-property:all;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1)}.duration-300{transition-duration:.3s}.ease-in-out{transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1)}@media (min-width:1024px){.tc-container{width:972px}}@media (min-width:1466px){.tc-container{width:1356px}}@keyframes (progress){to{background-position:-60px 0}}abbr,address,article,aside,audio,b,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,em,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,object,ol,p,pre,q,samp,section,small,span,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,ul,var,video{background:transparent;border:0;font-size:100%;margin:0;outline:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline}body,html{height:100%;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}table{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0}caption,td,th{font-weight:400;text-align:left}table,td,th{vertical-align:middle}blockquote:after,blockquote:before,q:after,q:before{content:""}blockquote,q{quotes:"" ""}img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}a img{border:none}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section{display:block}nav ol,nav ul{list-style:none}del{text-decoration:line-through}sup{vertical-align:super}sub,sup{font-size:smaller}sub{vertical-align:sub}abbr[title],dfn[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}input,select{vertical-align:middle}[class*=" icon-"],[class^=icon-],h1{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}@font-face{font-family:TCFont-Regular;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/tcfont-regular-240ec3466165a9dca0e2e03a86826a8f.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/tcfont-regular-240ec3466165a9dca0e2e03a86826a8f.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/tcfont-regular-532d4157b9218acfe24f3cbf53e9ff1d.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/tcfont-regular-09ada1f4a901e5d04b72211da382781d.ttf) format("truetype")}[class*=" icon-"],[class^=icon-]{display:inline-block;font-family:TCFont-Regular;font-size:1.231em;font-style:normal!important;font-weight:400!important;position:relative;top:-.1em;vertical-align:middle;width:1.231em}[class*=" icon-"].icon-comments:before,[class^=icon-].icon-comments:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-twitter:before,[class^=icon-].icon-twitter:before{color:#000;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-email:before,[class^=icon-].icon-email:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-facebook:before,[class^=icon-].icon-facebook:before{color:#3a5a93;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-maximise:before,[class^=icon-].icon-maximise:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-republish:before,[class^=icon-].icon-republish:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-globe:before,[class^=icon-].icon-globe:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-delete:before,[class^=icon-].icon-delete:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-add:before,[class^=icon-].icon-add:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-layout:before,[class^=icon-].icon-layout:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-article-published:before,[class*=" icon-"].icon-article:before,[class^=icon-].icon-article-published:before,[class^=icon-].icon-article:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-article-check:before,[class^=icon-].icon-article-check:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-chart:before,[class^=icon-].icon-chart:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-reader:before,[class^=icon-].icon-reader:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-readers:before,[class^=icon-].icon-readers:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-subtract:before,[class^=icon-].icon-subtract:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-comment:before,[class^=icon-].icon-comment:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-search:before,[class^=icon-].icon-search:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-help:before,[class^=icon-].icon-help:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-rss:before,[class^=icon-].icon-rss:before{color:#eb7f3e;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-rss-non-coloured:before,[class^=icon-].icon-rss-non-coloured:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-favourite:before,[class^=icon-].icon-favourite:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-location:before,[class^=icon-].icon-location:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-time:before,[class^=icon-].icon-time:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-friend-of-tc:before,[class^=icon-].icon-friend-of-tc:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-friend-of-tc-outer:before,[class^=icon-].icon-friend-of-tc-outer:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-friend-of-tc-heart:before,[class^=icon-].icon-friend-of-tc-heart:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-check:before,[class^=icon-].icon-check:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-favourite-add:before,[class^=icon-].icon-favourite-add:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-followed:before,[class^=icon-].icon-followed:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-skype:before,[class^=icon-].icon-skype:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-media-enquiries:before,[class*=" icon-"].icon-phone:before,[class*=" icon-"].icon-work-phone:before,[class^=icon-].icon-media-enquiries:before,[class^=icon-].icon-phone:before,[class^=icon-].icon-work-phone:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-mobile:before,[class^=icon-].icon-mobile:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-private:before,[class^=icon-].icon-private:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-public:before,[class^=icon-].icon-public:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-topics:before,[class^=icon-].icon-topics:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-menu:before,[class^=icon-].icon-menu:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-external-link:before,[class^=icon-].icon-external-link:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-trash:before,[class^=icon-].icon-trash:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-image:before,[class*=" icon-"].icon-picture:before,[class^=icon-].icon-image:before,[class^=icon-].icon-picture:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-edit:before,[class^=icon-].icon-edit:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-heading:before,[class^=icon-].icon-heading:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-bold:before,[class^=icon-].icon-bold:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-italic:before,[class^=icon-].icon-italic:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-link:before,[class^=icon-].icon-link:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-video:before,[class^=icon-].icon-video:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-fullscreen:before,[class^=icon-].icon-fullscreen:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-close-fullscreen:before,[class^=icon-].icon-close-fullscreen:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-favourite-minus:before,[class^=icon-].icon-favourite-minus:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-envelope:before,[class^=icon-].icon-envelope:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-simple-check:before,[class^=icon-].icon-simple-check:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-calendar:before,[class^=icon-].icon-calendar:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-the-conversation:before,[class^=icon-].icon-the-conversation:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-lock:before,[class^=icon-].icon-lock:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-unlock:before,[class^=icon-].icon-unlock:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-audio:before,[class^=icon-].icon-audio:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-chevron-right:before,[class^=icon-].icon-chevron-right:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-caret-down:before,[class^=icon-].icon-caret-down:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-caret-left:before,[class^=icon-].icon-caret-left:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-caret-right:before,[class^=icon-].icon-caret-right:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-caret-up:before,[class^=icon-].icon-caret-up:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-pastespecial:before,[class^=icon-].icon-pastespecial:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-linkedin:before,[class^=icon-].icon-linkedin:before{color:#0181b2;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-pause:before,[class^=icon-].icon-pause:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-cog:before,[class^=icon-].icon-cog:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-orcid:before,[class^=icon-].icon-orcid:before{color:#a6ce39;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-music:before,[class^=icon-].icon-music:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-print:before,[class^=icon-].icon-print:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-google-plus:before,[class^=icon-].icon-google-plus:before{color:#de4931;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-home:before,[class^=icon-].icon-home:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-facebook-simple:before,[class^=icon-].icon-facebook-simple:before{color:#3a5a93;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-tag:before,[class^=icon-].icon-tag:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-left-guillemet:before,[class^=icon-].icon-left-guillemet:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-input:before,[class^=icon-].icon-input:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-whatsapp:before,[class^=icon-].icon-whatsapp:before{color:#25d466;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-fb-messenger:before,[class^=icon-].icon-fb-messenger:before{color:#0084ff;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-youtube:before,[class^=icon-].icon-youtube:before{color:red;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-bluesky:before,[class^=icon-].icon-bluesky:before{color:#007aff;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-auth-facebook:before,[class^=icon-].icon-auth-facebook:before{color:#3a5a93;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-auth-twitter:before,[class^=icon-].icon-auth-twitter:before{color:#000;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-auth-linkedin:before,[class^=icon-].icon-auth-linkedin:before{color:#0181b2;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-auth-google:before,[class^=icon-].icon-auth-google:before{color:#de4931;content:""}.icon-combine .icon-friend-of-tc-heart{margin-top:.045em;position:absolute}span.icon-combine-heart{display:inline-block;font-size:inherit;height:inherit;padding-left:10px;position:relative}span.icon-combine-heart i{left:0;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:0}i.icon-conversation-red{color:#d8372c}.vivus-icon-examples li{float:left;height:25px;list-style:none;padding:10px 0;width:25%}@font-face{font-family:Libre Baskerville;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-regular-979b88dad081c654981a0c29d46e27bc.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-regular-979b88dad081c654981a0c29d46e27bc.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-regular-6fbec92a1e6cb891ff0da1af2e97a523.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-regular-116bba3f2aa32286b63c594118c67f74.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Libre Baskerville;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bold-9f88f945d8445fa58978dfbc4bce5ae9.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bold-9f88f945d8445fa58978dfbc4bce5ae9.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bold-98b8244fa821eed601d3d92165b098c6.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bold-1c63ea5a813372cc806d3885496b3308.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Libre Baskerville;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-italic-760c6e0b5a6ab858f15ea6cc6a864a40.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-italic-760c6e0b5a6ab858f15ea6cc6a864a40.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-italic-022309ef5c47fb36921851f730a90a84.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-italic-e6cc30071bd07d243648b875a10a6c02.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Libre Baskerville;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bolditalic-4fc9003b7c507a3909502ccc05a9cf2a.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bolditalic-4fc9003b7c507a3909502ccc05a9cf2a.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bolditalic-005508da94d530c4715b860b63e014bc.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bolditalic-d0e7fc2079d2288a9c737a386bd46401.ttf) format("truetype")}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){body{font-size:16px;height:100%;line-height:22px;width:100%}body #page-wrapper.overlay-visible{height:100%;overflow:hidden}body .handheld{display:block}body p{padding:0}body.pages-show .highlight-panel{display:none}body.pages-show .page-layout.section .handheld-analysis,body.pages-show .page-layout.section .series{display:block}body.pages-show .page-layout.section .handheld-ad,body.pages-show .page-layout.section .handheld-briefs{display:none}body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research .handheld-briefs,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research .handheld-research{display:block}body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research #special_section,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research .handheld-ad,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research .series,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research section#research-news .bordered{display:none}body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns .handheld-ad,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns .handheld-columnists{display:block}body #analysis-and-comment .bordered,body #columnists .bordered,body #eb,body #editors-picks,body #members-footer,body #misc-sidebar,body #partners-footer,body #primary-navigation,body #research-news .bordered,body .masthead-search,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns #special_section,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns .handheld-briefs,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns .series{display:none}body .wrapper{margin:0;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;width:auto}body.search-index #search_form #search-header{background:none;padding:0}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form{padding-bottom:0}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form label{box-sizing:border-box;padding:6px 0 0 8px}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form input{-webkit-appearance:none;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:20px;min-width:100%;padding:4px 8px 4px 35px;width:100%}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form input[type=submit]{left:-110%;position:absolute}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form nav,body.search-index #search_form aside#search-sidebar{display:none}body.search-index #search_form section#search-results{margin-top:12px}body.search-index #search_form section#search-results h1{font-size:20px;text-align:left}body footer#footer{padding:5px 0}body footer#footer a{letter-spacing:normal;margin-right:10px}body footer#footer p.copyright{clear:both;float:none;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:normal;margin-bottom:0;padding:5px 0;text-align:center}body footer#footer p.copyright span{display:block}body footer#footer p.copyright span+span{margin-top:3px}body footer#footer p.copyright a{display:inline}body footer#footer p.copyright .comma{display:none}body #outer{padding-top:12px}body #outer>.wrapper{padding-bottom:0}body #outer .sidebar-link-list{display:none}body.pages .page-layout.section nav#tabbed-navigation{display:table}body h1.page-header{font-size:20px!important;line-height:1.3!important;width:100%}body h2{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3}body.partners.partners-index .partner article:after,body.partners.partners-index .partner:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}body.info.info-contact_us #email tr th{border:0!important;display:block;padding-bottom:10px!important}body.info.info-contact_us #email tr td{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;border-top:0!important;display:block;margin:0!important;padding-top:0!important}body article aside.share{clear:both}body article aside.share li{float:left;margin-right:5px}body article aside.share li .button{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:8px}body .content-list figure{display:none}body.columns-show article{margin-bottom:1em}body.columns-show .pagination{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:1em}}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){html body .article-section article h2{font-size:20px}html body .article-section .lead-story h2{font-size:30px}html body .article-section .c-format h2{font-size:12px}html body.profiles-dashboards-show .metrics-wrapper .metrics-column{width:50%}html body .donations-video iframe{height:279px}}.vivus-grid-example{background-color:#212121;color:#fff;display:block;margin-bottom:20px;padding:20px;text-align:center}body{min-width:992px}.wrapper{margin:0 auto;position:relative;width:972px}.wrapper:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.wrapper [class*=" grid-"],.wrapper [class^=grid-]{float:left;margin-right:20px}.wrapper .grid-one{width:42px}.wrapper .grid-two{width:104px}.wrapper .grid-three{width:166px}.wrapper .grid-four{width:228px}.wrapper .grid-five{width:290px}.wrapper .grid-six{width:352px}.wrapper .grid-seven{width:414px}.wrapper .grid-eight{width:476px}.wrapper .grid-nine{width:538px}.wrapper .grid-ten{width:600px}.wrapper .grid-eleven{width:662px}.wrapper .grid-twelve{width:724px}.wrapper .grid-thirteen{width:786px}.wrapper .grid-fourteen{width:848px}.wrapper .grid-fifteen{width:910px}.wrapper .grid-sixteen{width:972px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-one{margin-left:62px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-two{margin-left:124px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-three{margin-left:186px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-four{margin-left:248px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-five{margin-left:310px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-six{margin-left:372px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-seven{margin-left:434px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eight{margin-left:496px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-nine{margin-left:558px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-ten{margin-left:620px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eleven{margin-left:682px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-twelve{margin-left:744px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-thirteen{margin-left:806px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-fourteen{margin-left:868px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-fifteen{margin-left:930px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-sixteen{margin-left:992px}.wrapper .grid-append-one{margin-right:62px}.wrapper .grid-append-two{margin-right:124px}.wrapper .grid-append-three{margin-right:186px}.wrapper .grid-append-four{margin-right:248px}.wrapper .grid-append-five{margin-right:310px}.wrapper .grid-append-six{margin-right:372px}.wrapper .grid-append-seven{margin-right:434px}.wrapper .grid-append-eight{margin-right:496px}.wrapper .grid-append-nine{margin-right:558px}.wrapper .grid-append-ten{margin-right:620px}.wrapper .grid-append-eleven{margin-right:682px}.wrapper .grid-append-twelve{margin-right:744px}.wrapper .grid-append-thirteen{margin-right:806px}.wrapper .grid-append-fourteen{margin-right:868px}.wrapper .grid-append-fifteen{margin-right:930px}.wrapper .grid-append-sixteen{margin-right:992px}.wrapper .grid-last{margin-right:0}.wrapper .grid-left{float:left}.wrapper .grid-right{float:right}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){body{min-width:100%}.wrapper,.wrapper .grid-eight,.wrapper .grid-eleven,.wrapper .grid-fifteen,.wrapper .grid-five,.wrapper .grid-four,.wrapper .grid-fourteen,.wrapper .grid-nine,.wrapper .grid-one,.wrapper .grid-seven,.wrapper .grid-six,.wrapper .grid-sixteen,.wrapper .grid-ten,.wrapper .grid-thirteen,.wrapper .grid-three,.wrapper .grid-twelve,.wrapper .grid-two{width:100%}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eight,.wrapper .grid-prepend-eleven,.wrapper .grid-prepend-fifteen,.wrapper .grid-prepend-five,.wrapper .grid-prepend-four,.wrapper .grid-prepend-fourteen,.wrapper .grid-prepend-nine,.wrapper .grid-prepend-one,.wrapper .grid-prepend-seven,.wrapper .grid-prepend-six,.wrapper .grid-prepend-sixteen,.wrapper .grid-prepend-ten,.wrapper .grid-prepend-thirteen,.wrapper .grid-prepend-three,.wrapper .grid-prepend-twelve,.wrapper .grid-prepend-two{margin-left:0}.wrapper .grid-append-eight,.wrapper .grid-append-eleven,.wrapper .grid-append-fifteen,.wrapper .grid-append-five,.wrapper .grid-append-four,.wrapper .grid-append-fourteen,.wrapper .grid-append-nine,.wrapper .grid-append-one,.wrapper .grid-append-seven,.wrapper .grid-append-six,.wrapper .grid-append-sixteen,.wrapper .grid-append-ten,.wrapper .grid-append-thirteen,.wrapper .grid-append-three,.wrapper .grid-append-twelve,.wrapper .grid-append-two{margin-right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){body{min-width:1376px}.wrapper{width:1356px}.wrapper .grid-one{width:66px}.wrapper .grid-two{width:152px}.wrapper .grid-three{width:238px}.wrapper .grid-four{width:324px}.wrapper .grid-five{width:410px}.wrapper .grid-six{width:496px}.wrapper .grid-seven{width:582px}.wrapper .grid-eight{width:668px}.wrapper .grid-nine{width:754px}.wrapper .grid-ten{width:840px}.wrapper .grid-eleven{width:926px}.wrapper .grid-twelve{width:1012px}.wrapper .grid-thirteen{width:1098px}.wrapper .grid-fourteen{width:1184px}.wrapper .grid-fifteen{width:1270px}.wrapper .grid-sixteen{width:1356px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-one{margin-left:86px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-two{margin-left:172px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-three{margin-left:258px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-four{margin-left:344px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-five{margin-left:430px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-six{margin-left:516px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-seven{margin-left:602px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eight{margin-left:688px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-nine{margin-left:774px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-ten{margin-left:860px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eleven{margin-left:946px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-twelve{margin-left:1032px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-thirteen{margin-left:1118px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-fourteen{margin-left:1204px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-fifteen{margin-left:1290px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-sixteen{margin-left:1376px}.wrapper .grid-append-one{margin-right:86px}.wrapper .grid-append-two{margin-right:172px}.wrapper .grid-append-three{margin-right:258px}.wrapper .grid-append-four{margin-right:344px}.wrapper .grid-append-five{margin-right:430px}.wrapper .grid-append-six{margin-right:516px}.wrapper .grid-append-seven{margin-right:602px}.wrapper .grid-append-eight{margin-right:688px}.wrapper .grid-append-nine{margin-right:774px}.wrapper .grid-append-ten{margin-right:860px}.wrapper .grid-append-eleven{margin-right:946px}.wrapper .grid-append-twelve{margin-right:1032px}.wrapper .grid-append-thirteen{margin-right:1118px}.wrapper .grid-append-fourteen{margin-right:1204px}.wrapper .grid-append-fifteen{margin-right:1290px}.wrapper .grid-append-sixteen{margin-right:1376px}.wrapper .large-grid-one{width:66px}.wrapper .large-grid-two{width:152px}.wrapper .large-grid-three{width:238px}.wrapper .large-grid-four{width:324px}.wrapper .large-grid-five{width:410px}.wrapper .large-grid-six{width:496px}.wrapper .large-grid-seven{width:582px}.wrapper .large-grid-eight{width:668px}.wrapper .large-grid-nine{width:754px}.wrapper .large-grid-ten{width:840px}.wrapper .large-grid-eleven{width:926px}.wrapper .large-grid-twelve{width:1012px}.wrapper .large-grid-thirteen{width:1098px}.wrapper .large-grid-fourteen{width:1184px}.wrapper .large-grid-fifteen{width:1270px}.wrapper .large-grid-sixteen{width:1356px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-one{margin-left:86px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-two{margin-left:172px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-three{margin-left:258px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-four{margin-left:344px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-five{margin-left:430px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-six{margin-left:516px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-seven{margin-left:602px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-eight{margin-left:688px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-nine{margin-left:774px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-ten{margin-left:860px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-eleven{margin-left:946px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-twelve{margin-left:1032px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-thirteen{margin-left:1118px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-fourteen{margin-left:1204px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-fifteen{margin-left:1290px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-sixteen{margin-left:1376px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-one{margin-right:86px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-two{margin-right:172px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-three{margin-right:258px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-four{margin-right:344px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-five{margin-right:430px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-six{margin-right:516px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-seven{margin-right:602px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-eight{margin-right:688px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-nine{margin-right:774px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-ten{margin-right:860px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-eleven{margin-right:946px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-twelve{margin-right:1032px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-thirteen{margin-right:1118px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-fourteen{margin-right:1204px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-fifteen{margin-right:1290px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-sixteen{margin-right:1376px}}#header{background:#f2f2f3;border-bottom:5px solid #f2f2f3;border-top:1px solid #d7d7db;padding-top:24px}#header.condensed{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;padding-top:17px}#header.condensed #masthead{margin-bottom:18px}#header.condensed .masthead-home-link{display:block;float:left;top:3px;width:260px}#header.condensed .masthead-home-link img{width:100%}#header.condensed .masthead-tagline{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#header,#header.condensed{border:none;padding:0}#header .wrapper,#header.condensed .wrapper{position:static}#header #masthead,#header.condensed #masthead{margin:0}}#masthead{margin:0 0 24px;position:relative}#masthead .masthead-home-link{color:#4b4b4e;display:block;float:left;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:32px;font-weight:700;height:29px;margin-bottom:0;position:relative;text-transform:uppercase;width:350px}#masthead .masthead-home-link img{display:block}html.no-svg #masthead .masthead-home-link{background:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/logos/logo-no-svg-44adbb10155a857a2ee142b13158122f.png) 0 0 no-repeat;height:30px;width:262px}html.no-svg #masthead .masthead-home-link img{display:none}#masthead .masthead-tagline{clear:left;color:#4b4b4e;float:left;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;height:18px;padding-top:4px;width:300px}#masthead .masthead-search{float:right;margin-left:20px;margin-top:-3px}#masthead .masthead-search input{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:2px;display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;min-width:280px;padding:7px 6px 6px 26px;position:relative}#masthead .masthead-search input:focus{border-color:#d7d7db;outline:none}#masthead .masthead-search label{color:#4b4b4e;padding:8px 0 0 12px;position:absolute;z-index:3}#masthead .masthead-search label i:before{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:14px;left:-4px;position:relative;top:0}#masthead .masthead-search .button,#masthead .masthead-search legend{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#masthead{display:none}}#topbar{background:#fff;height:46px;line-height:18px;position:relative;z-index:25}.topbar-module{float:left}.topbar-button-list{list-style:none}.topbar-button-list li{float:left;margin-right:8px}.topbar-button-list li:first-child{margin-left:8px}.topbar-button-list a{border-radius:16px;display:block;height:32px;line-height:32px;margin:7px 0;text-align:center;width:32px}.topbar-button-list i{font-size:16px;line-height:16px;margin:0 auto;top:2px;vertical-align:baseline}.topbar-button-list i:before{color:#fff}.topbar-stay-informed{float:right}.topbar-stay-informed .topbar-button-text{color:#fff;display:none;padding:0 6px 0 0}.topbar-stay-informed .topbar-button.with-label a{padding:0 6px;width:auto}.topbar-stay-informed .topbar-button i:before{color:#fff}.topbar-stay-informed .newsletter a{background:#d8372c}.topbar-stay-informed .newsletter a:hover{background:#b12a20}.topbar-stay-informed .facebook a{background:#3a5a93}.topbar-stay-informed .facebook a:hover{background:#4971b7}.topbar-stay-informed .twitter a{background:#00b0e9}.topbar-stay-informed .twitter a:hover{background:#1dc8ff}.topbar-stay-informed .rss a{background:#eb7f3e}.topbar-stay-informed .rss a:hover{background:#f09e6c}.topbar-stay-informed .linkedin a{background:#0181b2}.topbar-stay-informed .linkedin a:hover{background:#01a6e5}.topbar-stay-informed .googleplus a{background:#de4931}.topbar-stay-informed .googleplus a:hover{background:#e5705d}.topbar-item-list{list-style:none}.topbar-item-list li{border-left:1px solid #d7d7db;float:left}.topbar-item-list li:first-child{border-left:0;padding-left:0}.topbar-item-list li a{color:#4b4b4e;display:block;height:18px;padding:15px 10px 13px;transition:background .3s}.topbar-item-list li a:active,.topbar-item-list li a:focus,.topbar-item-list li a:hover{background:#f2f2f3;color:#000}.topbar-item-list .tc-donate{background-color:#d8372c}.topbar-item-list .tc-donate a{color:#fff;font-weight:700;padding:14px 10px}.topbar-item-list .tc-donate a:active,.topbar-item-list .tc-donate a:focus,.topbar-item-list .tc-donate a:hover{background:#990a00;color:#fff}.topbar-dropdown a{color:#4b4b4e;display:block;height:18px;padding:15px 15px 13px;position:relative;transition:background .3s;white-space:nowrap;z-index:200}.topbar-dropdown a:active,.topbar-dropdown a:focus,.topbar-dropdown a:hover{background:#f2f2f3;color:#000}.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-close,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-open{bottom:0;display:none;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-10000px;top:0}.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-close,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-close:focus,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-close:hover,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-open,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-open:focus,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-open:hover{background:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7") repeat 0 0}.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-contents{display:block;height:18px;padding:15px 6px 13px 15px;position:relative}.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-text{float:left;max-width:150px;overflow:hidden;padding-right:6px;position:relative;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.topbar-dropdown .drop-down-caret{color:transparent;font-size:1em;opacity:.6;top:-2px}.js .topbar-dropdown .drop-down-caret{color:inherit}.topbar-dropdown.open .menu{display:block;z-index:8}.topbar-dropdown.open .menu-button-contents{border-bottom:1px solid #fff;margin-bottom:-1px;position:relative;z-index:10}.topbar-dropdown .menu{background:#fff;border:1px solid #f1f1f2;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-sizing:border-box;display:none;left:0;margin-right:-1px;min-width:100%;position:absolute;top:46px}.topbar-mobile-home-link{color:#4b4b4e;display:none;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;height:46px;margin-left:25%;text-transform:uppercase;width:50%;z-index:100}.topbar-mobile-home-link img{position:relative;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:100%}.topbar-home-link{text-align:center}.topbar-dashboard-link{float:right}.topbar-dashboard-link a{border-left:1px solid #f2f2f3;border-right:1px solid #f2f2f3}.topbar-label{padding:15px 0 13px 10px}.topbar-edition-selector{border-right:1px solid #f2f2f3;height:46px;position:relative}.topbar-edition-selector .current-region{color:#d8372c}.topbar-account-nav{border-right:1px solid #f2f2f3;float:right;position:relative}.editing-page .topbar-account-nav{border-right:0}.topbar-account-nav img{border-radius:32px;display:inline;height:36px;margin-top:-10px;width:36px}.topbar-account-nav .dashboard{display:none}.topbar-account-nav .activity-count{background:#d8372c;border:1px solid #d8372c;border-radius:10px;color:#fff;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;height:14px;line-height:14px;padding:2px 6px;position:absolute;right:-11px;top:3px;z-index:12}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){.topbar-stay-informed .topbar-button-text{display:inline}}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.topbar-admin-shortcuts,.topbar-dashboard-link,.topbar-edition-selector,.topbar-edition-selector-title,.topbar-home-link,.topbar-promotional-links,.topbar-stay-informed{display:none}#topbar{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f2f3;font-size:12px}#topbar .wrapper{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px}#topbar .topbar-mobile-home-link{display:block}#topbar .author-signup,#topbar .reader-signup{display:none}.topbar-account-nav{border-right:0;display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.topbar-account-nav .activity-count{right:33px}.topbar-account-nav.open .menu-button-contents{border-left:1px solid #f2f2f3}.topbar-account-nav .menu-button-contents{padding-left:6px}.topbar-account-nav .menu-button-name{display:none}.topbar-account-nav .menu{border-right:0;left:auto;right:1px}.topbar-account-nav .dashboard{display:block}.topbar-account-nav .menu-button{padding-left:0}}#page-wrapper,body,html{height:100%}body{background-color:#fff;line-height:18px}#page-wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#outer{flex:1;padding-top:48px}#outer>.wrapper{padding-bottom:48px}#footers{flex-shrink:0}.handheld{display:none}h1 a:hover{text-decoration:none}div.crop{overflow:hidden}table.grid td,table.grid tr{border-bottom:1px solid #000}input::-moz-placeholder{color:#62626a}input::placeholder{color:#62626a}input.placeholder{color:#62626a}input:focus::-moz-placeholder{color:#d7d7db}input:focus::placeholder{color:#d7d7db}input:focus.placeholder{color:#d7d7db}.fluid-width-video-wrapper{margin-bottom:18px}audio{display:none;height:0;visibility:hidden;width:0}.placeholder-container{background-color:var(--background-color);position:relative}.placeholder-container:before{content:"";float:left;height:0;margin-left:-1px;padding-top:var(--aspect-ratio-percent);width:1px}.placeholder-container:after{clear:both;content:"";display:table}.placeholder-container iframe,.placeholder-container img{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;opacity:.1;position:absolute!important;right:0;top:0;transition:opacity .5s;width:100%}.placeholder-container iframe.lazyloaded,.placeholder-container img.lazyloaded{filter:blur(0);opacity:1}.placeholder-container img{background-color:#fff}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body,input,select,textarea{color:#000;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:13px}.text-center{text-align:center}span.nobr{white-space:nowrap}p{margin-bottom:18px}p.fine-print{font-size:11px!important}strong{font-weight:700}blockquote,em{font-style:italic}blockquote{clear:both;color:#4b4b4e;margin-bottom:18px;padding:9px 18px 12px;text-align:center}blockquote p:last-child,blockquote>blockquote:last-child{margin-bottom:0}blockquote,blockquote.left{border-left:4px solid #d7d7db;text-align:left}blockquote.right{border-right:4px solid #d7d7db;text-align:right}blockquote.feature{border-bottom:4px solid #f2f2f3;border-left:none;border-top:4px solid #f2f2f3;color:#000;font-family:LeagueGothicRegular,League Gothic,Impact,sans-serif;font-size:32px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:18px 0 36px;padding:30px 0 24px;position:relative;text-align:left;text-transform:uppercase}blockquote.feature p:first-child{text-indent:50px}blockquote.feature:before{color:#d7d7db;content:"“";font-size:125px;left:0;position:absolute;top:62px}blockquote.feature,blockquote.feature p{line-height:36px}blockquote.feature cite{font-size:24px}blockquote.feature cite:before{content:"— "}blockquote cite{color:#4b4b4e;font-style:normal}blockquote,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{-webkit-text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-moz-text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-ms-text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-o-text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}h1.legacy.slammed,h2.slammed,h3.slammed,h4.legacy.slammed,h5.slammed,h6.slammed{margin-bottom:0}h1.legacy.border,h2.border,h3.border,h4.legacy.border,h5.border,h6.border{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;padding-bottom:.33em}h1.legacy{font-size:28px;font-weight:700;line-height:36px;margin-bottom:18px}h1.legacy.page-header{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;margin-bottom:36px;padding-bottom:9px}h1.legacy.page-header span{color:#d7d7db}h2{font-size:23px}h2,h3{font-weight:700;margin-bottom:12px}h3{color:#000;font-size:15px;line-height:18px}h4.legacy{color:#000;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:10px;text-transform:uppercase}h6{color:#d7d7db}hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid #d7d7db;clear:both;margin-bottom:18px}.link,a{color:#085d91;outline:none;text-decoration:none}.link:hover,a:hover{color:#003461;text-decoration:none}.link:focus,a:focus{outline:none}.link:visited,a:visited{color:#4b4b4e}.link:visited:hover,a:visited:hover{color:#085d91}nav ol li,nav ul li{list-style:none;margin-left:0}ul li{margin-left:0}ul.fine-print li{font-size:11px}ul.semantic li{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}ol li{margin-left:0}ol.fine-print li{font-size:11px}ol.semantic li{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}dl dt{clear:left;float:left;font-weight:700}dl dd{float:left;margin-left:1em;text-align:left}.league-gothic{font-family:LeagueGothicRegular,League Gothic,Impact,sans-serif;font-size:30px;font-size-adjust:.455;font-weight:400;line-height:40px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}.meslo{font-family:MesloLGMDZ,Monaco,monospace}.figure,figure{display:block;position:relative}.figure:after,figure:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.figure iframe,figure iframe{display:block}.figure .figcaption,.figure figcaption,figure .figcaption,figure figcaption{color:#212121;display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;padding-top:6px}.figure .figcaption a,.figure figcaption a,figure .figcaption a,figure figcaption a{font-weight:400!important}.figure .figcaption .attribution,.figure .figcaption .attribution a,.figure figcaption .attribution,.figure figcaption .attribution a,figure .figcaption .attribution,figure .figcaption .attribution a,figure figcaption .attribution,figure figcaption .attribution a{color:#212121}.figure .figcaption .attribution a:focus,.figure .figcaption .attribution a:hover,.figure figcaption .attribution a:focus,.figure figcaption .attribution a:hover,figure .figcaption .attribution a:focus,figure .figcaption .attribution a:hover,figure figcaption .attribution a:focus,figure figcaption .attribution a:hover{color:#085d91}article header p.byline{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:11px;line-height:18px;margin-bottom:0;padding:2px 0}.callout{background:#f2f2f3;border-top:4px solid #d7d7db;color:#000;display:block;margin:1em 0;padding:.5em 1em}.right{float:right}.left{float:left}.clear{clear:both}.clear-left{clear:left}.clear-right{clear:right}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:" ";display:block;height:0;visibility:hidden}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.clearfix{zoom:1}@keyframes pulse{40%{transform:scale(1)}47%{transform:scale(1.03)}55%{transform:scale(1)}to{transform:scale(1)}}.information{background:#f2f2f3 url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/icons/alert-instructions-76f48e944055d94f9ad902aca4ffe1f1.png) no-repeat 15px 13px;border-radius:2px;color:#4b4b4e;padding:12px 12px 12px 42px}.information a{color:inherit;font-weight:700}.information p{margin-bottom:0}.information p+p{margin-top:1em}.information .button{margin:-3px 6px}.information ul{list-style-position:inside}.information.prominent{background-color:#f2f2f3;border:1px solid #d7d7db}.information.success{background-color:#29a37a;background-image:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/icons/alert-success-cefcd0dc236e8d3c0a77863b29040399.png);color:#fff}.information.error{background-color:#d8372c;background-image:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/icons/alert-error-f95893328ecf3dd6c51eba085c089084.png);color:#fff}.information.warning{background-color:#ffda75;background-image:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/icons/alert-information-30e614f3f403049753170ccd98ce7053.png);color:#000}.formtastic .information{padding:12px 12px 12px 42px}p.flash{animation-duration:5s;animation-iteration-count:infinite;animation-name:pulse;animation-timing-function:ease-in-out;backface-visibility:hidden;background-color:#f2f2f3;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-top:none;box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#000;filter:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'><filter id='grayscale'><feColorMatrix type='matrix' values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0'/></filter></svg>#grayscale");font-size:13px;left:50%;margin-left:-240px;padding:10px 20px;position:fixed;text-align:center;top:0;transform-style:preserve-3d;width:440px;z-index:30000}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){p.flash{margin-left:-37%;padding:10px 2%;width:70%}}p.flash.hidden{top:-200px;transition:top .5s}p.flash.show{top:0;transition:top .5s}p.flash.notice{background-color:#29a37a;border-color:#29a37a;color:#fff;font-weight:700}p.flash.warning{background-color:#ffda75;border-color:#ffda75}p.flash.alert{background-color:#d8372c;border-color:#d8372c;color:#fff;font-weight:700}#masthead{padding-top:5px}#masthead a.masthead-home-link{height:40px;margin-top:-8px}#masthead .masthead-search #q{box-sizing:border-box}#primary-navigation{position:relative}#primary-navigation:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}#primary-navigation ol{float:left;list-style:none;margin-bottom:-4px;width:100%;z-index:3}#primary-navigation li{float:left;margin-right:.8em}#primary-navigation li:last-child{margin-right:0}#primary-navigation li.custom-nav-link{float:right;margin-left:20px}#primary-navigation a{border-bottom:5px solid transparent;color:#4b4b4e;display:block;float:left;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:-1px;padding-bottom:5px}#primary-navigation a.current,#primary-navigation a:hover{border-color:#d8372c;text-decoration:none}#primary-navigation a:hover{color:#4b4b4e}#primary-navigation a.current{color:#212121}#primary-navigation span span{color:#4b4b4e}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){#primary-navigation li{margin-right:1.2em}#primary-navigation a{font-size:14px}}.region-select{background:#fff;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:.25rem;float:left;height:28px;margin:10px 10px 0 0;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:140px}.region-select:after{bottom:0;color:#d7d7db;content:"";font-family:TCFont-Regular;line-height:2;position:absolute;right:10px;top:0}.region-select select{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;-moz-outline:none;-moz-user-focus:none;background:transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;color:#383838;display:block;font-size:inherit;height:28px;outline:none;padding:5px 7px;position:absolute;text-indent:.01px;text-overflow:"";width:120%;z-index:1}.region-select select:-moz-focusring{color:transparent}.region-select select::-ms-expand{display:none}.search-form legend{display:none}.search-form .input-wrapper{position:relative}.search-form .input-wrapper input[type=text],.search-form .input-wrapper label{display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:16px}.search-form .input-wrapper label{color:#4b4b4e;padding:8px 0 0 12px;position:absolute;z-index:3}.search-form .input-wrapper label i:before{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:14px;left:-4px;position:relative;top:0}.search-form .input-wrapper input[type=text]{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:2px;min-width:280px;padding:7px 6px 6px 26px;position:relative}.search-form .input-wrapper input[type=text]:focus{border-color:#293299;outline:none}#small-sidebar{background:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border-top:46px solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;display:none;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;height:0;overflow-y:auto;position:absolute;top:0;transition:height .55s cubic-bezier(.32,.08,.24,1);width:100%;z-index:11;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}#small-sidebar.visible{height:100%}#small-sidebar.visible .small-sidebar-group{opacity:1;top:0}.new-header #small-sidebar{border-top:96px solid transparent;z-index:9}#small-sidebar-close-button,#small-sidebar-open-button{color:#383838;display:none;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:46px;padding:0 12px;position:absolute;top:auto;transition:opacity .275s}.new-header #small-sidebar-close-button,.new-header #small-sidebar-open-button{color:#000;font-family:Montserrat;line-height:57px;padding:0 16px;top:44px}#small-sidebar-open-button{opacity:1;z-index:101}#small-sidebar-close-button,#small-sidebar-open-button.visible{opacity:0;z-index:100}#small-sidebar-close-button.visible{opacity:1;z-index:101}.small-sidebar-editions .region-select{border:none;box-sizing:border-box;height:33px;margin:0;width:100%}.small-sidebar-editions .region-select:after{color:#727272;line-height:1em;padding:10px;pointer-events:none;right:0;top:0}.small-sidebar-editions select{font-size:15px;height:33px;padding:0 4px}#small-sidebar-search form{position:relative}#small-sidebar-search input{border:none;border-radius:.25rem;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:15px;height:33px;width:100%}#small-sidebar-search input::-moz-placeholder{color:#383838;opacity:1}#small-sidebar-search input::placeholder{color:#383838;opacity:1}#small-sidebar-search input:focus::-moz-placeholder{opacity:.2}#small-sidebar-search input:focus::placeholder{opacity:.2}#small-sidebar-search button{background:none;border:none;border-radius:2px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;height:29px;padding:7px 0;position:absolute;right:2px;top:2px;transition:background .3s;width:33px}#small-sidebar-search button .icon-search{color:#727272;font-size:22px}#small-sidebar-search input,.small-sidebar-editions .region-select{border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:.25rem;float:none;height:auto;width:100%}#small-region-select-dropdown,#small-sidebar-search input{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:14px;height:auto;padding:10px 12px;position:static;width:100%}.small-sidebar-group{opacity:0;padding:12px;position:relative;top:-50px;transition:opacity 1.1s cubic-bezier(.32,.08,.24,1) .198s,top .55s cubic-bezier(.32,.08,.24,1)}.small-sidebar-group:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.small-sidebar-group+.small-sidebar-group{margin-top:0}.small-sidebar-group h3{color:#383838;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.small-sidebar-group h3:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.small-sidebar-group ul{list-style:none}.small-sidebar-group li{margin:5px 0 0}.small-sidebar-group a{color:#383838;display:block;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:0 0 .8em;padding:.2em 0;position:relative}.small-sidebar-group a.active{border-left:6px solid #d7d7db;margin-left:-12px;padding-left:6px}.small-sidebar-group .icon-chevron-right{font-size:14px;line-height:1;position:absolute;right:2px;top:10px}.sections-sidebar-group a{font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#small-sidebar,#small-sidebar-close-button,#small-sidebar-open-button{display:block}}#topbar .topbar-stay-informed a{border-right:1px solid #f1f1f2}#topbar .topbar-dashboard-link a{border-left:0}#topbar .topbar-account-nav h4{padding:0 15px}#topbar .topbar-admin-shortcuts{border-right:1px solid #f1f1f2;float:right}#topbar .topbar-account-nav .menu{left:auto;min-width:125%;right:0}#topbar .menu-button-contents{cursor:pointer}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#topbar{border-bottom:none}#topbar #topbar-dynamic-content.language-override-es .reader-signin{font-size:11px}#topbar .topbar-account-nav{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}#topbar .topbar-account-nav li{border-left:none}#topbar .topbar-account-nav li a{color:#383838}#topbar .topbar-account-nav .metrics{display:none}}.content-authors{font-size:12px}.content-authors h3{font-size:11px}.content-authors a{font-weight:700}.content-authors .institution_name{color:#4b4b4e;font-weight:400}.content-authors-synopsis{display:none}.content-authors-synopsis i{border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:50%;color:#4b4b4e;height:16px;line-height:16px;margin-right:6px;text-align:center;width:16px}.content-authors-synopsis .icon-caret-up{display:none}.content-authors-group{margin-bottom:36px}.content-authors-group ol{list-style:none;padding-top:6px}.content-authors-group li{clear:left}.content-authors-group li+li{margin-top:24px}.content-authors-group img{border-radius:50%;display:block;float:left;margin:0 12px 18px 0;width:48px}.content-post .team-blog .content-authors-group img{display:block}.content-post .content-authors-group img{display:none}.content-post .content-authors-group .role{margin-left:0}.content-authors-group .role{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:11px;line-height:1.4;margin-left:60px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-authors h3{margin-left:0}.content-authors-synopsis{display:block;margin-bottom:12px}.content-authors-group{display:none}.content-authors-group img{margin-left:0}.open .icon-caret-down{display:none}.open .icon-caret-up{display:inline-block}.open .content-authors-group{display:block}}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){.content-authors-group .role{line-height:1.4}}.content-body{font-family:Libre Baskerville,serif;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;padding-bottom:12px}.content-body .figcaption a,.content-body a,.content-body figcaption a{white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;color:#4b4b4e;text-decoration:underline}.content-body .figcaption a:hover,.content-body a:hover,.content-body figcaption a:hover{color:#293299}.content-body .figcaption a:visited,.content-body a:visited,.content-body figcaption a:visited{color:#4b4b4e}.content-body .figcaption a:visited:hover,.content-body a:visited:hover,.content-body figcaption a:visited:hover{color:#293299}.content-body blockquote{border-left:8px solid #d7d7db}.content-body ol,.content-body ul{margin-bottom:18px;padding-left:2em}.content-body table{border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;empty-cells:show;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:18px;width:100%}.content-body table thead th{font-weight:700;vertical-align:top}.content-body table tbody td,.content-body table thead th{border:1px solid #d7d7db;padding:.5em 1em}.content-body figure{margin-bottom:18px}.content-body figure table{margin-bottom:0}.content-body figure.align-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:20px;width:237px}.content-body figure.align-left{clear:left;float:left;margin-right:20px;width:237px}.content-body figure.align-center img{width:100%}.content-body figure a,.content-body figure img{display:block;max-width:100%;text-decoration:none}.content-body figure figcaption{color:#4b4b4e;cursor:default;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif}.content-body figure figcaption a{display:inline}.content-topics{margin-bottom:12px}.content-topics ul{margin-left:25px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-body{font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}.content-body blockquote{margin-left:-10px}.content-body figure.align-left,.content-body figure.align-right{margin-bottom:12px;width:100%}.content-body figure.align-left img,.content-body figure.align-right img{width:100%}}.content-column-header{margin-top:1px;position:relative}.content-column-header .column-header{background-color:#f2f2f3;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e6;color:#383838;display:block;height:118px}.content-column-header .column-header:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.content-column-header .column-header:hover h3{text-decoration:underline}.content-column-header .content-column-feed{cursor:pointer;display:block;padding-top:5px;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;top:18px;z-index:7}.content-column-header .content-column-feed-itunes{top:54px}.content-column-header img{border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;float:left;margin-top:15px;width:90px}.content-column-header h3{font-size:27px;padding-top:40px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-column-header .column-header{height:auto}.content-column-header .content-column-feed{right:10px}.content-column-header .content-column-feed span{display:none}.content-column-header .content-column-image{position:absolute}.content-column-header .content-column-image img{width:60px}.content-column-header .content-column-title{float:none;margin-left:80px;margin-right:45px;width:auto}.content-column-header h3{font-size:22px;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:6px;padding-top:20px}.content-column-header .byline{font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:20px}}.content-column-podcast-header{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;color:#4b4b4e;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;padding:20px 0}.content-column-podcast-header a{color:inherit}.content-column-podcast-header a:hover{color:#212121;text-decoration:underline}.content-column-podcast-header .podcast-link-title{display:block;font-size:28px;line-height:28px;margin-top:18px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.podcast-info .image{display:none}}.content-disclosure-statement{margin-bottom:36px}.content-disclosure-statement h3{font-size:11px}.content-disclosure-statement p{margin-bottom:0}.content-disclosure-statement p+p{margin-top:18px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-disclosure-statement{display:none;line-height:1.4;margin-left:0}.open .content-disclosure-statement{display:block}}.content-header{padding-bottom:36px;padding-top:36px}.content-header-container h1{color:#383838;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:38px;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 12px}.content-header-container time{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:13px}.content-header-container .time-separator{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:11px;padding-left:2px;padding-right:4px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-header{padding-bottom:0;padding-top:12px}.content-header-container h1{font-size:28px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:0}.content-header-container .time-separator{display:none}.content-header-container .timestamps{padding:12px 0}.content-header-container time{display:block}}.content-lead-image{padding-bottom:36px}.content-lead-image img{display:block;width:100%}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-lead-image{padding-bottom:0}}.content-partners{margin-bottom:36px}.content-partners h3{font-size:11px}.content-partners .disclosure-logo{display:table;text-align:center;width:100%}.content-partners .logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:120px}.content-partners .funding-statement,.content-partners .partners-jobs-links{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f2f3;margin-bottom:12px;padding-bottom:12px}.content-partners img{margin:0 auto;max-width:120px;width:100%}.conversation-partners{margin-bottom:36px}.conversation-partners h3{font-size:11px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-partners{display:none;line-height:1.4;margin-left:0}.content-partners .disclosure-logo{display:none}.open .content-partners{display:block}.conversation-partners{display:none}.open .conversation-partners{display:block}}.content-social-distribution{font-size:11px;padding-bottom:36px;padding-top:5px}.content-social-distribution div{padding-bottom:10px;position:relative}.content-social-distribution a{color:#4b4b4e}.content-social-distribution a:hover{color:#000}.content-social-distribution i{font-size:12px}.content-social-distribution .fb-messenger{display:none}.content-social-distribution .data-count{border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:2px;color:#4b4b4e;padding:0 3px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.gallery-content .content-social-distribution{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-social-distribution,.data-count,.print{display:none}}#article .content-sidebar{float:right;position:relative}.content-sidebar{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:60px}.content-sidebar section.column-authors,.content-sidebar section.column-banner{margin-left:0}.content-sidebar .related-topics a{font-weight:700}.content-sidebar .byline{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-top:12px}.column-banner{margin-bottom:36px}.column-banner .byline{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:11px;font-style:italic;margin-bottom:12px;margin-top:12px}.column-title{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f2f3;display:block;height:108px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-top:28px;position:relative}.column-title:after{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f2f3;bottom:-3px;content:"";position:absolute;width:100%}.column-title h3{bottom:1px;font-size:15px;margin:0;padding-bottom:12px;padding-right:80px;position:absolute}.column-title img{bottom:0;position:absolute;right:0}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-sidebar{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0}.content-sidebar section{margin-left:0}.content-authors:has(~.content-translations){margin-right:60px}}.content-translations{margin-bottom:36px}.content-translations ul{list-style:none}.content-translations-toggle{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-translations{position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.content-translations h3,.content-translations ul{display:none}.content-translations.open{background:#fff;box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);min-width:50%;padding:10px;position:absolute;right:0;top:-10px;z-index:100}.content-translations.open h3,.content-translations.open ul{display:block}.content-translations.open .content-translations-toggle{top:0}.content-translations.open .content-translations-toggle .icon-caret-up{display:inline-block}.content-translations.open .content-translations-toggle .icon-caret-down{display:none}.content-translations-toggle{display:block;font-size:20px;height:40px;line-height:40px;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;top:-10px;width:60px}.content-translations-toggle img{vertical-align:middle;width:26px}.content-translations-toggle i{border:1px solid #b0b3ba;border-radius:50%;color:#b0b3ba;font-size:15px;height:16px;line-height:16px;text-align:center;width:16px}.content-translations-toggle .icon-caret-down{display:inline-block}.content-translations-toggle .icon-caret-up{display:none}}body.refresh-article #outer{padding:0}body.refresh-article .audio-player{margin-bottom:36px}body.refresh-article .has-desktop-magazine .content-header,body.refresh-article .has-desktop-magazine .content-lead-image{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){body.refresh-article .has-desktop-magazine .content-header,body.refresh-article .has-desktop-magazine .content-lead-image,body.refresh-article .normal .content-header,body.refresh-article .normal .content-lead-image{display:block}}.magazine{display:none;padding-bottom:24px}.has-desktop-magazine .magazine{display:block}.magazine .image{background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;-ms-behavior:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/backgroundsize.min-fd1df32bcabf45d9ca0f1696b9e81652.htc);height:600px}.magazine .image .placeholder-container,.magazine .image img{display:none}.magazine .wrapper{height:100%}.magazine-title{bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%}.magazine-title header{bottom:70px;position:absolute}.magazine-title .content-header-block{border-left:24px solid #fff;display:inline-block;left:-12px;line-height:normal;padding:4px 0 0;position:relative}.magazine-title h1{background-color:#fff;color:#383838;display:inline;left:-1px;line-height:normal;margin:0;padding:4px 0 6px;position:relative}.magazine-title strong{left:-12px;position:relative;z-index:10}.magazine-title time{background-color:#fff;color:#4b4b4e;display:inline-block;font-size:13px;margin:-1px 0 0 -12px;padding:6px 12px}.magazine-title .time-separator{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.magazine{padding-bottom:0}.has-desktop-magazine .magazine{display:none}.has-mobile-magazine .magazine{display:block}.magazine .image{background-image:none!important;height:auto}.magazine .image img{display:block;width:100%}.magazine .image .placeholder-container{display:block}.magazine-header{height:auto}.magazine-title{position:relative}.magazine-title header{bottom:auto;position:relative}.magazine-title .content-header-block{border-left:none;display:block;left:auto}.magazine-title h1{background:transparent;display:block;padding-bottom:0}.magazine-title h1 strong{left:0}.magazine-title .timestamps{padding:12px 0}.magazine-title time{display:block;margin:0;padding:0}}.content-gallery-item{background:#f2f2f3;clear:both;margin:0 0 40px;padding:10px 10px 0}.content-gallery-item img{display:block;max-height:90%;max-width:100%}.content-gallery-item figcaption{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;padding:20px 20px 20px 50px;position:relative}.content-gallery-item figcaption .count{color:#4b4b4e;left:5px;position:absolute;text-align:right;width:35px}.content-gallery-item figcaption .source{color:#62626a;font-weight:700;padding-left:.75em}.content-gallery-item:last-child{cursor:n-resize}.content-gallery-cover.loading{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}.gallery-cover{background:rgba(0,0,0,.9);height:150%;left:0;transition:opacity .35s ease-out;z-index:1000}.gallery-content,.gallery-cover{bottom:0;opacity:1;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%}.gallery-content{overflow:scroll;padding-top:38px;transition:opacity .75s ease-in .3s;z-index:1001}.gallery-content .close-gallery{box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);position:fixed;right:26px;top:10px}.gallery-content.hidden,.gallery-cover.hidden{opacity:0}.gallery-content-inner{color:#fff;margin:0 auto;width:75%}.gallery-content-inner header h1{color:#fff}.gallery-content-inner header time{color:#62626a}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item{background:transparent;cursor:default}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item img{background:#fff;margin:0;padding:5px}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item:last-child{cursor:default}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item:last-child img{cursor:n-resize}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item figcaption{color:#fff}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item figcaption .count,.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item figcaption .source{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.6)}#article .post-navigation{clear:both;margin-bottom:20px}#article .post-navigation ol{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}#article .post-navigation li{display:flex;float:left;width:50%}#article .post-navigation li:first-child .post-navigation-option{margin-right:10px}#article .post-navigation li:first-child .post-navigation-option:before{content:"";left:-20px;padding-left:10px;text-align:left}#article .post-navigation li:last-child .post-navigation-option{margin-left:10px}#article .post-navigation li:last-child .post-navigation-option:before{content:"";padding-right:10px;right:-20px;text-align:right}#article .post-navigation .post-navigation-option{background:#fff;border:1px solid #d7d7db;position:relative;transform-style:preserve-3d;width:100%}#article .post-navigation .post-navigation-option:before{background:inherit;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:50%;font-family:TCFont-Regular;height:40px;line-height:40px;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:30px;z-index:1}#article .post-navigation .post-navigation-option .article{background:inherit;display:block;min-height:65px;padding:20px;position:relative;z-index:2}#article .post-navigation .empty{opacity:0}#article .post-navigation h4{letter-spacing:normal}#article .post-navigation time{color:#4b4b4e;display:block;font-size:11px}#article .content-sidebar.column-sidebar .content-authors{margin-top:60px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#article .content-sidebar.column-sidebar .content-authors{margin-top:12px}}.visited\:text-indigo-600:visited{color:#293299}.hover\:bg-blue-700:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(203 90% 30%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.hover\:bg-gray-50:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(240 4% 95%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.hover\:bg-gray-800:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(0 0% 22%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.hover\:bg-red-700:hover{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:hsl(4 100% 30%/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.hover\:text-indigo-600:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(235 58% 38%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.hover\:text-white:hover{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(0 0% 100%/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.visited\:hover\:text-indigo-600:hover:visited{color:#293299}.focus\:text-clip:focus{text-overflow:clip}.focus\:border-blue-500:focus{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:hsl(194 60% 50%/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.focus\:outline-none:focus{outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px}@media (max-width:300px){.max-\[300px\]\:hidden{display:none}.max-\[300px\]\:grow{flex-grow:1}}@media (min-width:599px){.sm\:float-right{float:right}.sm\:hidden{display:none}.sm\:w-3\/12{width:25%}.sm\:w-4\/12{width:33.333333%}.sm\:w-9\/12{width:75%}.sm\:text-left{text-align:left}.sm\:text-2xl{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:2rem}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:absolute{position:absolute}.md\:-top-1{top:-.25rem}.md\:float-right{float:right}.md\:mb-0{margin-bottom:0}.md\:mt-0{margin-top:0}.md\:mt-3{margin-top:.75rem}.md\:flex-row{flex-direction:row}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:ml-auto{margin-left:auto}.lg\:mr-0{margin-right:0}.lg\:block{display:block}.lg\:inline-block{display:inline-block}.lg\:flex{display:flex}.lg\:hidden{display:none}.lg\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.lg\:py-5{padding-bottom:1.25rem;padding-top:1.25rem}}@media (min-width:1466px){.\32xl\:gap-5{gap:1.25rem}.\32xl\:text-sm{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.25rem}.\32xl\:text-xs{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.125rem}}.\[\&_\.inline-errors\]\:ml-2 .inline-errors{margin-left:.5rem}.\[\&_\.inline-errors\]\:text-base .inline-errors{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem}.\[\&_\.inline-errors\]\:font-semibold .inline-errors{font-weight:600}.\[\&_\.inline-errors\]\:text-red-500 .inline-errors{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:hsl(4 69% 51%/var(--tw-text-opacity))} /*# sourceMappingURL=webpacked-critical-5c25b4e7a9e3044a.css.map*/ </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/webpacked-core-abf518978bf6c682.css" media="screen" preload="false" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/webpacked-secondary-ec12e0f39d6a94e4.css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/webpacked-print-c885ef42c4c6109c.css" media="print" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/@theconversation/ui/dist/esm/logos/web-app-logo-192x192-2d05bdd6de6328146de80245d4685946.png"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/@theconversation/ui/dist/esm/logos/favicon-cdcdc0dd51ffe5238483c3f27fd2eb57.ico"> <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-WX8PHK9'); </script> <script> window.GTM = window.GTM || {} window.GTM.CustomDimensions = {"UserType":"Reader","RegionCode":"es","CommissioningRegion":"es"} </script> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> window.didomiOnReady = window.didomiOnReady || []; window.DIDOMI = { ENABLED: true, THE_CONVERSATION_SDK_ID: "c:theconver-dUNGGyiP", THE_CONVERSATION_PROMOS_PURPOSE: "theconver-AA8pWL4T", } </script> <script> window.didomiEventListeners = window.didomiEventListeners || []; window.didomiEventListeners.push({ event: 'consent.changed', listener: function () { window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('didomi:consent.changed')) } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.gdprAppliesGlobally=true;(function(){function a(e){if(!window.frames[e]){if(document.body&&document.body.firstChild){var t=document.body;var n=document.createElement("iframe");n.style.display="none";n.name=e;n.title=e;t.insertBefore(n,t.firstChild)} else{setTimeout(function(){a(e)},5)}}}function e(n,r,o,c,s){function e(e,t,n,a){if(typeof n!=="function"){return}if(!window[r]){window[r]=[]}var i=false;if(s){i=s(e,t,n)}if(!i){window[r].push({command:e,parameter:t,callback:n,version:a})}}e.stub=true;function t(a){if(!window[n]||window[n].stub!==true){return}if(!a.data){return} var i=typeof a.data==="string";var e;try{e=i?JSON.parse(a.data):a.data}catch(t){return}if(e[o]){var r=e[o];window[n](r.command,r.parameter,function(e,t){var n={};n[c]={returnValue:e,success:t,callId:r.callId};a.source.postMessage(i?JSON.stringify(n):n,"*")},r.version)}} if(typeof window[n]!=="function"){window[n]=e;if(window.addEventListener){window.addEventListener("message",t,false)}else{window.attachEvent("onmessage",t)}}}e("__tcfapi","__tcfapiBuffer","__tcfapiCall","__tcfapiReturn");a("__tcfapiLocator");(function(e){ var t=document.createElement("script");t.id="spcloader";t.type="text/javascript";t.async=true;t.src="https://sdk.privacy-center.org/"+e+"/loader.js?target="+document.location.hostname;t.charset="utf-8";var n=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n)})("a1179046-1792-42d9-812f-3daba6c97289")})();</script> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="The Conversation"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/581997/original/9275d5c0-7dd5-4ddf-b50b-98d537e016f4.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> </head> <body class="region_es partners partners-index "> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WX8PHK9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <div> <a id="small-sidebar-open-button" href="#"> Menú </a> <a id="small-sidebar-close-button" href="#"> Close </a> <div id="small-sidebar"> <nav id="small-sidebar-search" class="small-sidebar-group"> <form action="/search"> <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Buscar artículos, personas..."> <button type="submit" aria-label="Buscar"><span class="icon-search"></span></button> </form> </nav> <nav class="small-sidebar-group sections-sidebar-group"> <ul> <li class="home-page "> <a class="" href="/es">Página Principal</a> </li> <li class="ciencia "> <a class="" href="/es/ciencia">Ciencia <span><span title="and">+</span> Tecnolog</span>ía</a> </li> <li class="cultura "> <a class="" href="/es/cultura">Cultura</a> </li> <li class="economia "> <a class="" href="/es/economia">Economía</a> </li> <li class="educacion "> <a class="" href="/es/educacion">Educación</a> </li> <li class="medicina "> <a class="" href="/es/medicina">Medicina <span><span title="and">+</span> Salud</span></a> </li> <li class="medioambiente "> <a class="" href="/es/medioambiente">Medioambiente <span><span title="and">+</span> Energ</span>ía</a> </li> <li class="sociedad "> <a class="" href="/es/sociedad">Política <span><span title="and">+</span> Sociedad</span></a> </li> <li class="junior last"> <a class="" href="/es/junior">Júnior</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="small-sidebar-group small-sidebar-editions"> <h3>Ediciones</h3> <fieldset class="region-select"> <select id="small-region-select-dropdown"> <option data-code="AFRICA" value="/africa"> Africa </option> <option data-code="AU" value="/au"> Australia </option> <option data-code="BR" value="/br"> Brasil </option> <option data-code="CA" value="/ca"> Canada </option> <option data-code="CA-FR" value="/ca-fr"> Canada (français) </option> <option data-code="ES" value="/es" selected="selected"> España </option> <option data-code="EUROPE" value="/europe"> Europe </option> <option data-code="FR" value="/fr"> France </option> <option data-code="GLOBAL" value="/global"> Global </option> <option data-code="ID" value="/id"> Indonesia </option> <option data-code="NZ" value="/nz"> New Zealand </option> <option data-code="UK" value="/uk"> United Kingdom </option> <option data-code="US" value="/us"> United States </option> </select> </fieldset> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="page-wrapper"> <section id="topbar"> <div class="wrapper clearfix"> <a class="topbar-mobile-home-link" href="/es"> <img alt="The Conversation" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/@theconversation/ui/dist/esm/logos/logo-en-b159aca2598f351db37072c75294e4c8.svg" /> </a> <nav class="topbar-module"> <ul class="topbar-item-list"> <li class="topbar-home-link"> <a aria-label="Home" href="/es"> <i class="icon-home"></i> </a> </li> <li class="topbar-edition-selector-title topbar-label">Edición:</li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="topbar-edition-selector topbar-dropdown topbar-module"> <a class="menu-button-open" href="/es">Ediciones disponibles</a> <div class="menu-button-contents"> <span class="menu-button-text"> <span class="current-region">España</span> </span> <i class="icon-caret-down drop-down-caret"></i> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="region africa"> <a title="Africa edition" href="/africa">Africa</a> </li> <li class="region au"> <a title="Australia edition" href="/au">Australia</a> </li> <li class="region br"> <a title="Brasil edition" href="/br">Brasil</a> </li> <li class="region ca"> <a title="Canada edition" href="/ca">Canada</a> </li> <li class="region ca-fr"> <a title="Canada (français) edition" href="/ca-fr">Canada (français)</a> </li> <li class="region europe"> <a title="Europe edition" href="/europe">Europe</a> </li> <li class="region fr"> <a title="France edition" href="/fr">France</a> </li> <li class="region global"> <a title="Global edition" href="/global">Global</a> </li> <li class="region id"> <a title="Indonesia edition" href="/id">Indonesia</a> </li> <li class="region nz"> <a title="New Zealand edition" href="/nz">New Zealand</a> </li> <li class="region uk"> <a title="United Kingdom edition" href="/uk">United Kingdom</a> </li> <li class="region us"> <a title="United States edition" href="/us">United States</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="topbar-promotional-links topbar-module"> <ul class="topbar-item-list"> <li class="tc-donate"> <a href="https://donate.theconversation.com/es?utm_source=theconversation.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=topbar">Donar </a> </li> <li> <a title="Regístrese para recibir nuestros boletines diarios" href="/es/newsletters/boletin-diario-de-espana-15?utm_campaign=System&utm_content=newsletter&utm_medium=TopBar&utm_source=theconversation.com"> Boletín de noticias - Suscripción </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="topbar-dynamic-content" class="language-override-es"> <nav class="topbar-account-nav topbar-dropdown topbar-module"> <ul class="topbar-item-list auth"> <li class="author-signup"> <a href="/become-an-author">Regístrese como Autor</a> </li> <li class="reader-signup"> <a href="/sign_up?return_to=%2Fes%2Fpartners">Regístrese como Lector</a> </li> <li class="reader-signin"> <a href="/sign_in?return_to=%2Fes%2Fpartners">Iniciar sesión</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="slot" data-id="14"></div> <section id="header"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <header id="masthead" class="clearfix"> <a class="masthead-home-link" href="/es"> <img alt="The Conversation" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/@theconversation/ui/dist/esm/logos/logo-en-b159aca2598f351db37072c75294e4c8.svg" /> </a> <form class="masthead-search" action="/es/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <fieldset> <legend>Buscar</legend> <div class="row"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <label for="q"><i class="icon-search"></i></label> <input type="text" name="q" id="q" value="" placeholder="Buscar análisis, investigaciones..." /> </div> <button type="submit" class="button" value="Buscar"></button> </div> </fieldset> </form> <div class="masthead-tagline"> Rigor académico, oficio periodístico </div> </header> <nav id="primary-navigation" class=" nocontent"> <ol> <li class="ciencia"> <a class="" title="Ciencia + Tecnología" href="/es/ciencia">Ciencia <span><span title="and">+</span> Tecnolog</span>ía</a> </li> <li class="cultura"> <a class="" title="Cultura" href="/es/cultura">Cultura</a> </li> <li class="economia"> <a class="" title="Economía" href="/es/economia">Economía</a> </li> <li class="educacion"> <a class="" title="Educación" href="/es/educacion">Educación</a> </li> <li class="medicina"> <a class="" title="Medicina + Salud" href="/es/medicina">Medicina <span><span title="and">+</span> Salud</span></a> </li> <li class="medioambiente"> <a class="" title="Medioambiente + Energía" href="/es/medioambiente">Medioambiente <span><span title="and">+</span> Energ</span>ía</a> </li> <li class="sociedad"> <a class="" title="Política + Sociedad" href="/es/sociedad">Política <span><span title="and">+</span> Sociedad</span></a> </li> <li class="junior"> <a class="" title="Júnior" href="/es/junior">Júnior</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </section> <div id="outer"> <div class="wrapper"> <aside class="grid-four"> <nav class="sidebar-link-list"> <h2>Comunidad</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/es/community-standards">Normas de la Comunidad</a></li> <li><a href="/es/republishing-guidelines">Normas de republicación</a></li> <li><a href="/es/feeds">Contenidos RSS</a></li> <li> <a href="https://donate.theconversation.com/es?utm_source=theconversation.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=footer"> Donar </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="sidebar-link-list"> <h2>Sobre nosotros</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/es/who-we-are">¿Quiénes somos?</a></li> <li><a href="/es/charter">Nuestro compromiso</a></li> <li><a href="/es/team">Nuestro equipo</a></li> <li><a href="/es/partners">Instituciones colaboradoras</a></li> <li><a href="/es/resources-for-media">Recurso para los medios</a></li> <li><a href="/es/10-ways-we-are-different">10 motivos que nos hacen diferentes</a></li> <li><a href="/es/contact-us">Contacto</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="sidebar-link-list"> <h2>Sitio</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/es/privacy-policy">Política de privacidad</a></li> <li><a href="/es/terms-and-conditions">Aviso legal y condiciones de uso</a></li> <li><a href="/es/corrections">Correcciones</a></li> </ul> </nav> </aside> <section class="grid-twelve grid-last"> <h1 class="legacy page-header">Instituciones colaboradoras</h1> <article class="content"> <section id="founding-partners" class="partner"> <h2> Instituciones fundacionales </h2> <p>Sin el apoyo de nuestras instituciones fundacionales, The Conversation no habría nacido. Por lo tanto, nos sentimos muy orgullosos de la implicación de cada uno de ellos: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CRUE Universidades Españolas, IE University, UNIR - Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad de Alcalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Oviedo, Universidad de Salamanca, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Universidad Nebrija, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Universidad San Jorge y Universitat de Barcelona, porque han sabido ayudarnos a desarrollar un nuevo canal de información independiente que ofrece al mundo el talento y el conocimiento de las universidades y los centros de investigación.</p> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-centro-superior-de-investigaciones-cientificas" > <a href="/institutions/consejo-superior-de-investigaciones-cientificas-csic-1355"> <h3>Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) is the largest public institution dedicated to research in Spain and the third largest in Europe. Belonging to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1103/logos/logo-1529851701.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-crue-universidades-espanolas" > <a href="/es/partners/crue-universidades-espanolas"> <h3>CRUE Universidades Españolas</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Crue Universidades Españolas, constituida en el año 1994, es una asociación sin ánimo de lucro formada por 76 universidades españolas: 50 públicas y 26 privadas. Crue Universidades Españolas es el principal… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1107/logos/logo-1529679139.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-ie-university" > <a href="/institutions/ie-university-2149"> <h3>IE University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> IE forma líderes que promueven la innovación y el cambio en las organizaciones con enfoque global, carácter emprendedor y espíritu humanista proporcionando un entorno de formación en el que las tecnologías… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1124/logos/logo-1677756117.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-unir-universidad-internacional-de-la-rioja" > <a href="/institutions/unir-universidad-internacional-de-la-rioja-3491"> <h3>UNIR - Universidad Internacional de La Rioja</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR) empezó su actividad académica en 2009, tras haber sido reconocida por la Ley 3/2008 de La Rioja. Es una universidad oficial cien por cien en internet, que… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1351/logos/logo-1671608327.jpeg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-camilo-jose-cela" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-camilo-jose-cela-3517"> <h3>Universidad Camilo José Cela</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Camilo José Cela (UCJC) es una universidad privada, plural, solidaria e independiente fundada por Felipe Segovia Olmo, en el año 2000, con sede en Madrid (España). Su reciente transformación… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1259/logos/logo-1547464934.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-catolica-andres-bello-ucab" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-catolica-andres-bello-3061"> <h3> Universidad Católica Andrés Bello</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Católica Andrés Bello es una institución de educación superior venezolana sin fines de lucro, de inspiración ignaciana. Su fundación fue decretada por el Episcopado Venezolano en el año… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1726/logos/logo-1680250781.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-ceu-san-pablo" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-ceu-san-pablo-3520"> <h3>Universidad CEU San Pablo</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad CEU San Pablo de Madrid es una institución de gran prestigio y trayectoria que imparte una educación basada en los valores del Humanismo cristiano. Los egresados de CEU San Pablo no solo… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1434/logos/logo-1606910267.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-complutense-de-madrid" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-complutense-de-madrid-2383"> <h3>Universidad Complutense de Madrid</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) es actualmente la 3ª universidad de enseñanza presencial más grande de Europa. <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1101/logos/logo-1528198229.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-alcala" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-alcala-3495"> <h3>Universidad de Alcalá</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Alcalá es una universidad pública que apuesta por la excelencia en la docencia y la investigación, a través de la adaptación de su oferta formativa a los cambios y demandas de la sociedad… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1121/logos/logo-1529852062.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-guadalajara" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-guadalajara-5797"> <h3>Universidad de Guadalajara</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Guadalajara es una institución heredera de una tradición educativa de más de doscientos años de historia. Actualmente, la Universidad se desarrolla a partir de un modelo de red que se… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1700/logos/logo-1706684002.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-del-pais-vasco-euskal-herriko-unibertsitatea" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-del-pais-vasco-euskal-herriko-unibertsitatea-3422"> <h3>Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) goi mailako hezkuntza erakunde nagusia da Euskadin, eta garrantzitsuenetako bat Espainian, bere emaitzak —irakaskuntza, ikerketa, berrikuntza… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1135/logos/logo-1536660414.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-navarra" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-navarra-3467"> <h3>Universidad de Navarra</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Navarra aspira a ser uno de los mejores lugares del mundo para estudiar y para investigar, siempre al servicio de la sociedad. Desde sus inicios en 1952 su principal misión es proporcionar… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1380/logos/logo-1637654497.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-oviedo" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-oviedo-3472"> <h3>Universidad de Oviedo</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Oviedo es la institución pública de educación superior e investigación del Principado de Asturias. Con más de 400 años de historia, dispone de una completa oferta de Grados adaptados… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1099/logos/logo-1627285127.jpeg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-salamanca" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-salamanca-3716"> <h3>Universidad de Salamanca</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Creada en 1218, poco después de las de Oxford, París y Bolonia, la historia de la Universidad de Salamanca es también la de la enseñanza superior en castellano. Su título de alma máter de las universidades… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1318/logos/logo-1567426333.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-santiago-de-compostela" > <a href="/institutions/universidade-de-santiago-de-compostela-2533"> <h3>Universidade de Santiago de Compostela</h3> <p class="grid-four"> A Universidade de Santiago de Compostela é unha universidade pública fundada en 1495 dedicada á preservación, xeración, transmisión e difusión do coñecemento de maneira socialmente responsable en conexión… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1381/logos/logo-1588938039.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-nebrija" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-nebrija-3497"> <h3>Universidad Nebrija</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Nebrija es una universidad privada con sede en Madrid (España). Su nombre rinde homenaje al humanista español Elio Antonio de Nebrija (1441 – 1522). La Universidad Nebrija mantiene desde… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1122/logos/logo-1529679558.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-politecnica-de-madrid" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-politecnica-de-madrid-upm-1649"> <h3>Universidad Politécnica de Madrid</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Politécnica de Madrid fue fundada en 1971 como resultado de la fusión de diferentes Escuelas Técnicas de Ingeniería y Arquitectura. Según el ranking anual de universidades realizado por… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1102/logos/logo-1528727275.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-san-jorge" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-san-jorge-5704"> <h3>Universidad San Jorge</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad San Jorge es una organización sin ánimo de lucro cuyo modelo educativo tiene como objetivo prioritario la formación integral e integradora del estudiante desde la atención personalizada… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1647/logos/logo-1663318587.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universitat-de-barcelona" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-de-barcelona-785"> <h3>Universitat de Barcelona</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Fundada el 1450, la Universitat de Barcelona és la principal universitat pública de Catalunya i una de les institucions d’educació superior més prestigioses de l’Estat. La UB és l’única universitat espanyola… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1123/logos/logo-1530879439.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> <!-- prevents bad layout behaviour when an odd number of partners is in a section --> <section id="members" class="partner"> <h2> Instituciones colaboradoras </h2> <p>Estas universidades y centros de investigación apoyan The Conversation mediante aportaciones económicas que garantizan la existencia de este medio y nos ayudan a mejorar.</p> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-catedra-de-cultura-cientifica-de-la-universidad-del-pais-vasco" > <a href="/institutions/catedra-de-cultura-cientifica-de-la-universidad-del-pais-vasco-6412"> <h3>Cátedra de Cultura Científica de la Universidad del País Vasco</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Cátedra de Cultura Científica de la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Kultura Zientifikoko Katedra es una cátedra de extensión universitaria que nació en 2010 fruto de un acuerdo… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1932/logos/logo-1739352953.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-ciemat" > <a href="/institutions/centro-de-investigaciones-energeticas-medioambientales-y-tecnologicas-ciemat-4081"> <h3>CIEMAT</h3> <p class="grid-four"> El Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) es un Organismo Público de Investigación adscrito al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación a través de la Secretaría General… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1815/logos/logo-1694695480.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-cunef-universidad" > <a href="/institutions/cunef-universidad-2762"> <h3>CUNEF Universidad</h3> <p class="grid-four"> CUNEF es una universidad privada de vanguardia, referencia en el ámbito de la Educación Superior por su especialización, la excelencia de sus estudiantes, profesores e investigadores; y su alto grado de… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1716/logos/logo-1699957559.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-fisabio" > <a href="/institutions/fisabio-3839"> <h3>Fisabio</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitaria i Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana es una entidad sin ánimo de lucro de carácter científico y asistencial. Su principal objetivo es fomentar… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1413/logos/logo-1600777507.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-institutos-imdea" > <a href="/institutions/imdea-4029"> <h3>IMDEA</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Los Institutos IMDEA son centros de investigación de excelencia radicados en la Comunidad de Madrid. Se constituyeron entre 2006 y 2007 por iniciativa del Gobierno regional como fundaciones independientes… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1625/logos/logo-1659425020.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-imdea-agua" > <a href="/institutions/imdea-agua-4030"> <h3>IMDEA AGUA</h3> <p class="grid-four"> IMDEA Agua es un instituto de investigación sin ánimo de lucro, promovido en 2006 por el gobierno regional de Madrid y cuyo objetivo es proporcionar capacidades de I+D+i en el ámbito de la tecnología del… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1626/logos/logo-1659425138.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-imdea-alimentacion" > <a href="/institutions/imdea-alimentacion-5667"> <h3>IMDEA ALIMENTACIÓN</h3> <p class="grid-four"> El Instituto IMDEA Alimentación, uno de los siete Institutos Madrileños de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), es un centro público de investigación fundado en 2007 por la Comunidad de Madrid. El objetivo del… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1629/logos/logo-1659426039.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-imdea-energia" > <a href="/institutions/imdea-energia-5666"> <h3>IMDEA ENERGÍA</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Fundación IMDEA Energía fue creada por la Comunidad de Madrid con el objetivo de promover actividades de I+D relacionadas con la energía que contribuyan a afrontar los retos mundiales en materia de… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1628/logos/logo-1659425960.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-imdea-materiales" > <a href="/institutions/imdea-materiales-5651"> <h3>IMDEA MATERIALES</h3> <p class="grid-four"> El Instituto IMDEA Materiales, uno de los siete Institutos Madrileños de Estudios Avanzados ( IMDEA ), es un centro público de investigación fundado en 2007 por la Comunidad de Madrid. El objetivo del… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1627/logos/logo-1659425881.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-imdea-software" > <a href="/institutions/imdea-software-5693"> <h3>IMDEA SOFTWARE</h3> <p class="grid-four"> El Instituto IMDEA Software forma parte de los Institutos de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA), un marco institucional creado para fomentar el crecimiento social y económico en la región de Madrid. Su principal… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1643/logos/logo-1661969478.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-instituto-de-astrofisica-de-canarias" > <a href="/institutions/instituto-de-astrofisica-de-canarias-3578"> <h3>Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias</h3> <p class="grid-four"> El Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), acreditado por el Gobierno español como “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa”, es un organismo público de investigación español que gestiona dos de los mejores… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1820/logos/logo-1695803324.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-instituto-de-salud-carlos-iii" > <a href="/institutions/instituto-de-salud-carlos-iii-4063"> <h3>Instituto de Salud Carlos III</h3> <p class="grid-four"> El Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) es un Organismo Público de Investigación (OPI) español, adscrito orgánicamente al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y funcionalmente al Ministerio de Sanidad… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1483/logos/logo-1625121017.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-mondragon-unibertsitatea" > <a href="/institutions/mondragon-unibertsitatea-6043"> <h3>Mondragon Unibertsitatea</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Mondragon Unibertsitatea unibertsitate kooperatiboa da, bokazio eta ekimen sozialekoa, onura publikokoa eta irabazi asmorik gabekoa, ingeniaritzetan, enpresa kudeaketan, ekintzailetzan, hezkuntza zientzietan… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1841/logos/logo-1698146472.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-parque-de-las-ciencias" > <a href="/institutions/parque-de-las-ciencias-6117"> <h3>Parque de las Ciencias</h3> <p class="grid-four"> El Parque de las Ciencias es un museo interactivo de ciencia de 70 000 m², situado a escasos minutos a pie del centro histórico de Granada. Desde su inauguración, en 1995, es el museo más visitado de Andalucía… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1867/logos/logo-1705404340.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-udit-universidad-de-diseno-y-tecnologia" > <a href="/institutions/udit-universidad-de-diseno-innovacion-y-tecnologia-6200"> <h3>UDIT - Universidad de diseño y tecnología</h3> <p class="grid-four"> UDIT es la primera Universidad de Diseño, Innovación y Tecnología en España, impulsora de las industrias creativas, y representa la culminación de los más de 20 años del proyecto educativo de la prestigiosa… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1887/logos/logo-1713363208.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-uned" > <a href="/institutions/uned-universidad-nacional-de-educacion-a-distancia-3490"> <h3>UNED</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La UNED (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia) es una universidad pública española de ámbito nacional, creada en 1972 y dependiente del Ministerio de Universidades. Es la mayor universidad de… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1523/logos/logo-1636566945.jpeg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-autonoma-de-madrid" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-autonoma-de-madrid-3521"> <h3>Universidad Autónoma de Madrid</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) es un referente en excelencia académica, investigación e inserción laboral de sus titulados, según reconocen prestigiosos indicadores globales como el QS World University… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1214/logos/logo-1589321816.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-carlos-iii" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-carlos-iii-3489"> <h3>Universidad Carlos III</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Carlos III de Madrid fue creada por Ley es 1989. Desde su nacimiento tuvo vocación de ser una universidad pública innovadora, de dimensiones reducidas, de calidad y con una orientación prioritaria… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1119/logos/logo-1530100318.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-catolica-de-valencia" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-catolica-de-valencia-5465"> <h3>Universidad Católica de Valencia</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir aúna la misión de preparar profesionales y hacer crecer a las personas. A este reto responde a través de la formación en conocimientos con un claustro… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1824/logos/logo-1696262389.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-ceu-cardenal-herrera" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-ceu-cardenal-herrera-4087"> <h3>Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Con casi 50 años de trayectoria somos la primera Universidad no estatal de la Comunidad Valenciana. Una Universidad de servicio público y gestión privada que desde su origen se ha caracterizado por su… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1881/logos/logo-1709632990.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-almeria" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-almeria-4715"> <h3>Universidad de Almería</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Almería (UAL), creada en 1993, es una institución pública de educación superior que apuesta por la calidad docente, la innovación y la excelencia investigadora. Con un campus inclusivo… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1432/logos/logo-1606732210.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-cadiz" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-cadiz-2934"> <h3>Universidad de Cádiz</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Cádiz es la universidad del sur de Europa. Una institución pública comprometida con su entorno, entregada a la generación, difusión y transferencia del conocimiento y de la cultura, as… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1897/logos/logo-1722501034.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-castilla-la-mancha" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-castilla-la-mancha-3661"> <h3>Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) se creó en 1985. Es la única universidad pública de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha siendo referente en educación superior y en investigación a lo… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1279/logos/logo-1553762958.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-cordoba" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-cordoba-3848"> <h3>Universidad de Córdoba</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Córdoba es una de las principales instituciones científicas andaluzas y una de las universidades más productivas científicamente según se deriva de ránkings como el elaborado por la Fundación… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1305/logos/logo-1560170875.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-deusto" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-deusto-2531"> <h3>Universidad de Deusto</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Deusto, fundada en 1886 por la Compañía de Jesús, trabaja en torno a siete áreas principales: Empresa, Derecho, Psicología y Educación, Teología, Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Ingeniería… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1337/logos/logo-1574767555.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-granada" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-granada-3487"> <h3>Universidad de Granada</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Granada fue fundada en 1531, siendo continuadora de una larga tradición docente que enlaza con la de la Madraza del último Reino Nazarí. En Granada hay cuatro Campus Universitarios, además… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1117/logos/logo-1528737169.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-huelva" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-huelva-3977"> <h3>Universidad de Huelva</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Huelva inicia su andadura en 1993 al segregarse de la Universidad de Sevilla. La creación de la Universidad de Huelva fue posible gracias al fuerte apoyo de todos los sectores de la sociedad… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1443/logos/logo-1608492041.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-jaen" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-jaen-3674"> <h3>Universidad de Jaén</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Jaén (UJA) se creó en 1993 y se encuentra entre las 50 mejores universidades jóvenes del mundo según THE (Times Higher Education), que analiza la enseñanza, la investigación, el alcance… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1340/logos/logo-1574892652.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-la-laguna" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-la-laguna-3575"> <h3>Universidad de La Laguna</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de La Laguna se encuentra en Tenerife, y la mayoría de sus campus están ubicados en el municipio de San Cristóbal de La Laguna, cuyo casco histórico es Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1843/logos/logo-1699007928.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-la-rioja" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-la-rioja-3562"> <h3>Universidad de La Rioja</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de La Rioja fue creada en 1992, y desde 2010 forma parte de la alianza estratégica Campus Iberus, reconocida como Campus de Excelencia Internacional. Inaugurada en el curso 1992-1993, la… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1538/logos/logo-1639128797.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-la-sabana" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-la-sabana-6383"> <h3>Universidad de La Sabana</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de La Sabana es una institución de educación superior, de carácter civil, fundada en Colombia en 1979. La Universidad se creó con la misión de buscar, descubrir, comunicar y conservar la… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1924/logos/logo-1733846286.jpeg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-las-palmas-de-gran-canaria" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-las-palmas-de-gran-canaria-4019"> <h3>Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La ULPGC, fundada en el año 1989, dispone de seis Campus, tres de los cuales están situados en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; uno en el término municipal de Arucas (Gran Canaria) y otros dos en las islas… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1360/logos/logo-1580943568.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-leon" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-leon-3734"> <h3>Universidad de León</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de León es una de las cuatro universidades públicas de Castilla y León. Fundada en 1979, cuenta con 13 centros (9 Facultades, 3 Escuelas de Ingenierías y un centro adscrito) en los que se… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1459/logos/logo-1612440715.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-malaga" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-malaga-3954"> <h3>Universidad de Málaga</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Málaga apuesta por el desarrollo científico y la innovación como vía para aportar progreso al conjunto de la sociedad. Destaca en los últimos años el fomento de la movilidad y el esfuerzo… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1375/logos/logo-1587466586.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-murcia" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-murcia-3513"> <h3>Universidad de Murcia</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Murcia tiene como meta ser una institución de todos: puntera en investigación y transferencia, emprendedora, comprometida con la docencia de calidad, tecnológicamente avanzada y sensible… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1335/logos/logo-1712750125.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-sevilla" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-sevilla-3480"> <h3>Universidad de Sevilla</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Sevilla cuenta con una experiencia de más de 500 años en la gestión del conocimiento. Con más de 4.000 investigadores, es una institución comprometida con la excelencia y está calificada… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1104/logos/logo-1528472272.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-de-valladolid" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-valladolid-3516"> <h3>Universidad de Valladolid</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Los orígenes de la Universidad de Valladolid (UVa) se remontan al siglo XIII. Desde entonces, esta institución académica ha crecido y se ha adaptado a los nuevos tiempos para convertirse en una de las… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1210/logos/logo-1543998707.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-de-zaragoza" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-de-zaragoza-3698"> <h3>Universidad de Zaragoza</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad de Zaragoza es una institución pública de investigación y educación superior al servicio de la sociedad, que combina una tradición de casi cinco siglos de historia (fue fundada en 1542… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1596/logos/logo-1647419756.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidade-da-coruna" > <a href="/institutions/universidade-da-coruna-4258"> <h3>Universidade da Coruña</h3> <p class="grid-four"> É unha institución pública que ten como finalidade esencial a xeración, a xestión e a difusión de cultura e de coñecemento científico, tecnolóxico e profesional a través do desenvolvemento da investigación… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1548/logos/logo-1643990998.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidade-de-vigo" > <a href="/institutions/universidade-de-vigo-3910"> <h3>Universidade de Vigo</h3> <p class="grid-four"> A Universidade de Vigo é unha universidade pública, con autonomía académica, económica e de goberno e que se sitúa ao servizo da sociedade baixo os principios da igualdade, solidariedade, democracia e… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1414/logos/logo-1600940045.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-europea" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-europea-3470"> <h3>Universidad Europea</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Europea es, desde 1995, un referente de la Educación Superior en España con una amplia oferta de titulaciones de grado y posgrado en las modalidades online, semipresencial y presencial en… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1865/logos/logo-1704999881.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-europea-miguel-de-cervantes" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-europea-miguel-de-cervantes-4292"> <h3>Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes (UEMC), ubicada en Valladolid, España, es una institución privada que se distingue por su enfoque personalizado y por su compromiso con la educación personalizada… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1899/logos/logo-1724662812.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-francisco-de-vitoria" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-francisco-de-vitoria-3693"> <h3>Universidad Francisco de Vitoria</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Francisco de Vitoria es una institución de enseñanza superior española con 30 años de historia que promueve la formación desde un proyecto educativo integral basado en la formación y el… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1698/logos/logo-1706186040.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-internacional-de-valencia" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-internacional-de-valencia-4192"> <h3>Universidad Internacional de Valencia</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU) es una de las principales universidades online del mundo hispanohablante. Cuenta con más de 12.000 alumnos de 72 nacionalidades diferentes, un profesorado… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1403/logos/logo-1608222689.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-internacional-menendez-pelayo-uimp" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-internacional-menendez-pelayo-uimp-5895"> <h3>Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo (UIMP)</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo es un centro de alta cultura, investigación y especialización, dependiente del Ministerio de Universidades del Gobierno de España, en el que convergen actividades… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1742/logos/logo-1685522884.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-loyola-andalucia" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-loyola-andalucia-4017"> <h3>Universidad Loyola Andalucía</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Loyola, promovida por la Compañía de Jesús, es la undécima del sistema universitario andaluz y la primera privada de la comunidad autónoma. Reconocida por el Parlamento Andaluz, el 23 de… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1475/logos/logo-1620144168.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-miguel-hernandez" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-miguel-hernandez-3998"> <h3>Universidad Miguel Hernández</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) de Elche es una universidad pública de calidad, activa, participativa y multidisciplinar. Destaca en los ámbitos de Ciencias de la Salud, Psicología, Ciencias Físicas… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1289/logos/logo-1557305547.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-pablo-de-olavide" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-pablo-de-olavide-1362"> <h3>Universidad Pablo de Olavide</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Creada en 1997, la Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla es una universidad pública que apuesta por una enseñanza de calidad y una investigación de excelencia. Marcada por un fuerte compromiso social… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1417/logos/logo-1601365849.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-pontificia-de-comillas" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770"> <h3>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Pontificia Comillas es una universidad de la Iglesia, dirigida desde hace más de un siglo por la Compañía de Jesús, la institución privada que cuenta con más universidades en el mundo. Siempre… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1256/logos/logo-1546949049.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-pontificia-de-salamanca" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-de-salamanca-3563"> <h3>Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca es una institución académica privada fundada en 1940. Desde entonces, ha desarrollado una amplia y diversa oferta educativa que incluye 30 titulaciones de grado… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1927/logos/logo-1736775153.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universidad-publica-de-navarra" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-publica-de-navarra-3486"> <h3>Universidad Pública de Navarra</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Creada en 1987 por el Parlamento de Navarra, la UPNA es universidad pública, de pequeño tamaño en el contexto universitario español, con sedes en Pamplona y Tudela. Su actividad académica se desarrolla… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1116/logos/logo-1529852340.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universidad-rey-juan-carlos" > <a href="/institutions/universidad-rey-juan-carlos-2463"> <h3>Universidad Rey Juan Carlos</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, fundada en 1996, es la más nueva de las universidades públicas de la Comunidad de Madrid. Cuenta en la actualidad con cerca de 46.000 estudiantes matriculados en titulaciones… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1329/logos/logo-1570437155.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universitat-de-girona" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-de-girona-1564"> <h3>Universitat de Girona</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universitat de Girona és una institució pública que s’integra en el sistema d’universitats públiques catalanes, excel·leix en la docència i en la recerca i participa en el progrés i el desenvolupament… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1819/logos/logo-1695801477.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universitat-de-les-illes-balears" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-de-les-illes-balears-4160"> <h3>Universitat de les Illes Balears</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB) es va crear el 1978 i té 14.000 estudiants en cursos de grau i postgrau oficials. És una universitat jove que els últims anys s'ha consolidat com a instituci… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1364/logos/logo-1583144486.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universitat-de-lleida" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-de-lleida-3488"> <h3>Universitat de Lleida</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La UdL combina una llarga i fructífera tradició universitària amb una estructura jove i dinàmica que aposta decididament per una formació i una investigació de qualitat, per uns avançats mètodes docents… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1118/logos/logo-1528738058.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universitat-de-valencia" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-de-valencia-3514"> <h3>Universitat de València</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universitat de València (UV), fundada com a Studium Generale en 1499, és una moderna universitat pública, inclusiva i compromesa amb la millora de la societat, que desplega docència, cultura, investigaci… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1314/logos/logo-1566379233.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universitat-de-vic-universitat-central-de-catalunya" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-de-vic-universitat-central-de-catalunya-2379"> <h3>Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya </h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya es caracteritza per tenir seus a les ciutats de Vic, Manresa, Granollers i Barcelona, en un entorn i un ambient ideals per a l’estudi, i per ser… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1115/logos/logo-1528735821.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universitat-internacional-de-catalunya" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-internacional-de-catalunya-4051"> <h3>Universitat Internacional de Catalunya</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC Barcelona) va néixer l’any 1997 amb l’objectiu d’oferir una formació universitària de qualitat i promoure la recerca per servir la societat. Lligada al món… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1363/logos/logo-1582875056.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universitat-jaume-i" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-jaume-i-1285"> <h3>Universitat Jaume I</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universitat Jaume I (UJI) és la universitat pública de Castelló, compta ja amb més de 30 anys d'experiència i està entre el 4% de les millors universitats del món, segons el prestigiós rànquing de Shanghai… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1527/logos/logo-1638380680.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-universitat-politecnica-de-valencia" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-politecnica-de-valencia-3528"> <h3>Universitat Politècnica de València</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universitat Politècnica de València és la millor universitat de caràcter tecnològic d'Espanya, segons l'Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), conegut com a rànquing de Xangai. En l'actualitat… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1155/logos/logo-1543242343.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-universitat-rovira-i-virgili" > <a href="/institutions/universitat-rovira-i-virgili-2571"> <h3>Universitat Rovira i Virgili</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La URV va ser creada el 1991 pel Parlament de Catalunya, a partir de centres universitaris ja existents. Es recuperava així la Universitat de Tarragona del segle XVI. Des del primer dia de funcionament… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1734/logos/logo-1681977086.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-uoc-universitat-oberta-de-catalunya" > <a href="/institutions/uoc-universitat-oberta-de-catalunya-3540"> <h3>UOC - Universitat Oberta de Catalunya</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) va ser creada l'any 1995 com la primera universitat exclusivament en línia del món. La recerca que impulsa se centra en la interacció entre les TIC i l'activitat… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1359/logos/logo-1580888638.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> <section id="strategic-partners" class="partner"> <h2> Colaboradores estratégicos </h2> <p>The Conversation está abierta a colaborar con instituciones relevantes que quieran contribuir a desarrollar este servicio financiando proyectos específicos, como una nueva sección editorial o establecer un programa de formación.</p> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-fundacion-ignacio-larramendi" > <a href="/es/partners/fundacion-ignacio-larramendi"> <h3>Fundación Ignacio Larramendi</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Fundación Ignacio Larramendi fue creada en 1986 por Ignacio Hernando de Larramendi y Montiano (1921-2001), considerado uno de los grandes empresarios y mecenas del siglo XX en España. Ignacio Hernando… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1866/logos/logo-1705312489.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-fundacion-lilly" > <a href="/institutions/fundacion-lilly-3636"> <h3>Fundación Lilly</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Desde su constitución en 2001, la Fundación Lilly tiene como objetivo contribuir al fomento de la ciencia, al impulso de la medicina y a la promoción del humanismo médico. En el área de Ciencia, anualmente… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1133/logos/logo-1638556455.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-fundacion-para-el-conocimiento-madri-d" > <a href="/es/partners/fundacion-para-el-conocimiento-madri-d"> <h3>Fundación para el Conocimiento madri+d</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Fundación para el Conocimiento madri+d es una fundación dependiente de la Consejería de Ciencia, Universidades e Innovación de la Comunidad de Madrid que tiene entre sus fines hacer de la calidad de… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1336/logos/logo-1573028217.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-fundacion-telefonica" > <a href="/es/partners/fundacion-telefonica"> <h3>Fundación Telefónica</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Fundación Telefónica trabaja por ser un actor relevante en el desarrollo del ámbito social de la transformación digital. Desde hace 20 años, quiere contribuir a hacer posible un mundo digital y solidario… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1106/logos/logo-1619516589.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-santander-becas" > <a href="/es/partners/santander-becas"> <h3>Santander | Open Academy</h3> <p class="grid-four"> En Banco Santander llevamos más de 26 años apoyando la educación, la empleabilidad y el emprendimiento para ayudar a las personas a mejorar sus perspectivas profesionales. Con nuestra actividad contribuimos… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1751/logos/logo-1708947156.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> <section id="content-partners" class="partner"> <h2> Amigos </h2> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-aprodir-asociacion-profesional-de-directivos-de-educacion-secundaria-de-la-comunidad-de-madrid" > <a href="/es/partners/aprodir-asociacion-profesional-de-directivos-de-educacion-secundaria-de-la-comunidad-de-madrid"> <h3>APRODIR - Asociación Profesional de Directivos de Educación Secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid</h3> <p class="grid-four"> APRODIR es una asociación sin ánimo de lucro que trabaja con propuestas técnicas concretas para la mejora de las condiciones de la práctica profesional de la función directiva en la escuela pública de… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1884/logos/logo-1712572815.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-asociacion-espanola-de-comunicacion-cientifica" > <a href="/es/partners/asociacion-espanola-de-comunicacion-cientifica"> <h3>Asociación Española de Comunicación Científica</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Asociación Española de Comunicación Científica (AECC), constituida en 1973, agrupa a cinco centenares de periodistas y comunicadores de los campos de la ciencia, la tecnología, la salud y el medio ambiente… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1424/logos/logo-1632829217.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-asociacion-espanola-de-fundaciones" > <a href="/institutions/asociacion-espanola-de-fundaciones-5300"> <h3>Asociación Española de Fundaciones</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Asociación Española de Fundaciones (AEF) es una asociación privada e independiente, declarada de utilidad pública y de ámbito nacional. Agrupa a más de 800 fundaciones españolas de las más diversas… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1503/logos/logo-1627985981.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-casa-africa" > <a href="/es/partners/casa-africa"> <h3>Casa África</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Casa África es un consorcio de diplomacia pública al servicio de la acción exterior del Estado español en el continente africano. Tiene su sede en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria y los entes del consorcio son… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1134/logos/logo-1536525112.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-real-sociedad-geografica" > <a href="/institutions/real-sociedad-geografica-6369"> <h3>Real Sociedad Geográfica</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Real Sociedad Geográfica es una corporación científica española que, a escala regional o nacional, pretende agrupar a los interesados en el estudio de la Geografía para, como dicen sus estatutos: promover… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1911/logos/logo-1732644457.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-sociedad-espanola-de-biologia-evolutiva" > <a href="/es/partners/sociedad-espanola-de-biologia-evolutiva"> <h3>Sociedad Española de Biología Evolutiva</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Sociedad Española de Biología Evolutiva es una sociedad integradora que acoge a todos los científicos españoles y aficionados a la biología en general interesados en la teoría evolutiva. Entre sus fines… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1730/logos/logo-1681117298.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-sociedad-espanola-de-epidemiologia" > <a href="/institutions/sociedad-espanola-de-epidemiologia-5608"> <h3>Sociedad Española de Epidemiología</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Sociedad científica cuya finalidad es cultivar y fomentar el estudio y mejor conocimiento de la Epidemiología, posibilitar aquellos medios adecuados a tal fin, defender la dignidad del ejercicio profesional… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1612/logos/logo-1654593373.jpeg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-sociedad-espanola-de-microbiologia" > <a href="/es/partners/sociedad-espanola-de-microbiologia"> <h3>Sociedad Española de Microbiología</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Sociedad Española de Microbiología (SEM) es una sociedad científica fundada en 1946 cuyos principales objetivos son fomentar la microbiología básica y aplicada, cultivar las relaciones internacionales… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1651/logos/logo-1665763786.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-sociedad-espanola-de-paleontologia" > <a href="/es/partners/sociedad-espanola-de-paleontologia"> <h3>Sociedad Española de Paleontología</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La Sociedad Española de Paleontología (SEP) es una sociedad de carácter científico y cultural sin ánimo de lucro fundada en 1984. Sus objetivos son la promoción y difusión de la Paleontología y de las… <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1729/logos/logo-1681117222.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-une-union-de-editoriales-universitarias-espanolas" > <a href="/institutions/une-union-de-editoriales-universitarias-espanolas-4251"> <h3>UNE - Unión de Editoriales Universitarias Españolas</h3> <p class="grid-four"> La UNE (Unión de Editoriales Universitarias Españolas) es la asociación de las editoriales y servicios de publicaciones de las universidades españolas y centros de investigación. <em>Más</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1345/logos/logo-1576498096.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> </article> </section> </div> </div> <div id="footers"> <section class="footer-primary"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <section class="community footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-four"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static_files/files/2010/Global_Editorial_Guidelines.pdf">Editorial Policies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/es/community-standards">Normas de la Comunidad</a> </li> <li> <a href="/es/republishing-guidelines">Normas de republicación</a> </li> <li> <a href="/es/feeds">Contenidos RSS</a> </li> <li> <a title="Regístrese para recibir nuestros boletines diarios" href="/es/newsletters/boletin-diario-de-espana-15?utm_campaign=System&utm_content=newsletter&utm_medium=Footer&utm_source=theconversation.com">Boletín de noticias - Suscripción</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> <section class="company footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-seven"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="/es/who-we-are">¿Quiénes somos?</a> </li> <li> <a href="/es/charter">Nuestro compromiso</a> </li> <li> <a href="/es/team">Nuestro equipo</a> </li> <li> <a href="/es/partners">Instituciones colaboradoras</a> </li> <li> <a href="/es/resources-for-media">Recurso para los medios</a> </li> <li> <a href="/es/contact-us">Contacto</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> <section class="grid-six large-grid-five grid-last"> <div class="sitewide-social-media"> <ul> <li class="facebook"> <a title="The Conversation en Facebook" rel="me" href="https://www.facebook.com/TheConversationEspana/">​</a> </li> <li class="twitter"> <a title="The Conversation en Twitter" rel="me" href="https://twitter.com/Conversation_E">​</a> </li> <li class="instagram"> <a title="The Conversation on Instagram" rel="me" href="https://www.instagram.com/theconversationes">​</a> </li> <li class="youtube"> <a title="The Conversation on YouTube" rel="me" href="https://www.youtube.com/@theconversationES">​</a> </li> <li class="linkedin"> <a title="The Conversation on LinkedIn" rel="me" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-conversation-espana/">​</a> </li> <li class="mastodon"> <a title="The Conversation on Mastodon" rel="me" href="https://newsie.social/@TheConversationes">​</a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </section> <footer id="footer"> <div class="wrapper flex flex-col mx-auto pt-4 text-2xs md:flex-row 2xl:text-xs"> <nav class="flex flex-col gap-4 text-center md:flex-row"> <a class="mb-2" href="/es/privacy-policy">Política de privacidad</a> <a class="mb-2" href="/es/terms-and-conditions">Aviso legal y condiciones de uso</a> <a class="mb-2" href="/es/corrections">Correcciones</a> </nav> <p class="copyright mx-auto mt-4 md:mt-0 lg:mr-0 lg:ml-auto"> Derechos de autor © 2010–2025, <a href="https://theconversation.com/es/who-we-are">ASOCIACION THE CONVERSATION ESPAÑA</a> </p> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="slot" data-id="13"></div> <script src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/application-2f4cbfbf8e075a0b3639.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/gtm_data_layer-1f54ea01e00916f57dd9.js"></script> <script> //<![CDATA[ TC.locale = "es-ES"; TC.env = "production"; TC.pageType = "partners#index"; TC.localePath = "https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/es-ES-421edf9cbff1d5418647f23c677384aa.json"; TC.bugsnagConfig = {"apiKey":"e6966b978008ed1612ea7793efb88e93","appVersion":"1a2ddd471ab3c69181eaad9aff315ef02bb44530","collectUserIp":false,"releaseStage":"production","notifyReleaseStages":["development","staging","production"]}; TC.init = function() { TC.page=new TC.BasePage(); } //]]> </script> <script> //<![CDATA[ "use strict";(self.webpackChunktc=self.webpackChunktc||[]).push([[952],{655:function(t,e,n){var r=n(36955),o=String;t.exports=function(t){if("Symbol"===r(t))throw new TypeError("Cannot convert a Symbol value to a string");return o(t)}},1469:function(t,e,n){var r=n(87433);t.exports=function(t,e){return new(r(t))(0===e?0:e)}},1625:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504);t.exports=r({}.isPrototypeOf)},1951:function(t,e,n){var r=n(78227);e.f=r},2259:function(t,e,n){n(70511)("iterator")},2360:function(t,e,n){var r,o=n(28551),i=n(96801),s=n(88727),a=n(30421),u=n(20397),c=n(4055),l=n(66119),f="prototype",p="script",h=l("IE_PROTO"),d=function(){},g=function(t){return"<"+p+">"+t+"</"+p+">"},v=function(t){t.write(g("")),t.close();var e=t.parentWindow.Object;return t=null,e},y=function(){try{r=new ActiveXObject("htmlfile")}catch(t){}var t,e,n;y="undefined"!=typeof document?document.domain&&r?v(r):(e=c("iframe"),n="java"+p+":",e.style.display="none",u.appendChild(e),e.src=String(n),(t=e.contentWindow.document).open(),t.write(g("document.F=Object")),t.close(),t.F):v(r);for(var o=s.length;o--;)delete y[f][s[o]];return y()};a[h]=!0,t.exports=Object.create||function(t,e){var n;return null!==t?(d[f]=o(t),n=new d,d[f]=null,n[h]=t):n=y(),void 0===e?n:i.f(n,e)}},2892:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46518),o=n(96395),i=n(43724),s=n(44576),a=n(19167),u=n(79504),c=n(92796),l=n(39297),f=n(23167),p=n(1625),h=n(10757),d=n(72777),g=n(79039),v=n(38480).f,y=n(77347).f,m=n(24913).f,b=n(31240),x=n(43802).trim,S="Number",O=s[S],w=a[S],k=O.prototype,j=s.TypeError,L=u("".slice),P=u("".charCodeAt),R=function(t){var e,n,r,o,i,s,a,u,c=d(t,"number");if(h(c))throw new j("Cannot convert a Symbol value to a number");if("string"==typeof c&&c.length>2)if(c=x(c),43===(e=P(c,0))||45===e){if(88===(n=P(c,2))||120===n)return NaN}else if(48===e){switch(P(c,1)){case 66:case 98:r=2,o=49;break;case 79:case 111:r=8,o=55;break;default:return+c}for(s=(i=L(c,2)).length,a=0;a<s;a++)if((u=P(i,a))<48||u>o)return NaN;return parseInt(i,r)}return+c},E=c(S,!O(" 0o1")||!O("0b1")||O("+0x1")),C=function(t){var e,n=arguments.length<1?0:O(function(t){var e=d(t,"number");return"bigint"==typeof e?e:R(e)}(t));return p(k,e=this)&&g((function(){b(e)}))?f(Object(n),this,C):n};C.prototype=k,E&&!o&&(k.constructor=C),r({global:!0,constructor:!0,wrap:!0,forced:E},{Number:C});var N=function(t,e){for(var n,r=i?v(e):"MAX_VALUE,MIN_VALUE,NaN,NEGATIVE_INFINITY,POSITIVE_INFINITY,EPSILON,MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,MIN_SAFE_INTEGER,isFinite,isInteger,isNaN,isSafeInteger,parseFloat,parseInt,fromString,range".split(","),o=0;r.length>o;o++)l(e,n=r[o])&&!l(t,n)&&m(t,n,y(e,n))};o&&w&&N(a[S],w),(E||o)&&N(a[S],O)},4055:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576),o=n(20034),i=r.document,s=o(i)&&o(i.createElement);t.exports=function(t){return s?i.createElement(t):{}}},4495:function(t,e,n){var r=n(39519),o=n(79039),i=n(44576).String;t.exports=!!Object.getOwnPropertySymbols&&!o((function(){var t=Symbol("symbol detection");return!i(t)||!(Object(t)instanceof Symbol)||!Symbol.sham&&r&&r<41}))},6469:function(t,e,n){var r=n(78227),o=n(2360),i=n(24913).f,s=r("unscopables"),a=Array.prototype;void 0===a[s]&&i(a,s,{configurable:!0,value:o(null)}),t.exports=function(t){a[s][t]=!0}},6761:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46518),o=n(44576),i=n(69565),s=n(79504),a=n(96395),u=n(43724),c=n(4495),l=n(79039),f=n(39297),p=n(1625),h=n(28551),d=n(25397),g=n(56969),v=n(655),y=n(6980),m=n(2360),b=n(71072),x=n(38480),S=n(10298),O=n(33717),w=n(77347),k=n(24913),j=n(96801),L=n(48773),P=n(36840),R=n(62106),E=n(25745),C=n(66119),N=n(30421),A=n(33392),$=n(78227),T=n(1951),I=n(70511),F=n(58242),D=n(10687),M=n(91181),V=n(59213).forEach,U=C("hidden"),_="Symbol",H="prototype",K=M.set,z=M.getterFor(_),B=Object[H],q=o.Symbol,G=q&&q[H],J=o.RangeError,X=o.TypeError,W=o.QObject,Y=w.f,Q=k.f,Z=S.f,tt=L.f,et=s([].push),nt=E("symbols"),rt=E("op-symbols"),ot=E("wks"),it=!W||!W[H]||!W[H].findChild,st=function(t,e,n){var r=Y(B,e);r&&delete B[e],Q(t,e,n),r&&t!==B&&Q(B,e,r)},at=u&&l((function(){return 7!==m(Q({},"a",{get:function(){return Q(this,"a",{value:7}).a}})).a}))?st:Q,ut=function(t,e){var n=nt[t]=m(G);return K(n,{type:_,tag:t,description:e}),u||(n.description=e),n},ct=function(t,e,n){t===B&&ct(rt,e,n),h(t);var r=g(e);return h(n),f(nt,r)?(n.enumerable?(f(t,U)&&t[U][r]&&(t[U][r]=!1),n=m(n,{enumerable:y(0,!1)})):(f(t,U)||Q(t,U,y(1,m(null))),t[U][r]=!0),at(t,r,n)):Q(t,r,n)},lt=function(t,e){h(t);var n=d(e),r=b(n).concat(dt(n));return V(r,(function(e){u&&!i(ft,n,e)||ct(t,e,n[e])})),t},ft=function(t){var e=g(t),n=i(tt,this,e);return!(this===B&&f(nt,e)&&!f(rt,e))&&(!(n||!f(this,e)||!f(nt,e)||f(this,U)&&this[U][e])||n)},pt=function(t,e){var n=d(t),r=g(e);if(n!==B||!f(nt,r)||f(rt,r)){var o=Y(n,r);return!o||!f(nt,r)||f(n,U)&&n[U][r]||(o.enumerable=!0),o}},ht=function(t){var e=Z(d(t)),n=[];return V(e,(function(t){f(nt,t)||f(N,t)||et(n,t)})),n},dt=function(t){var e=t===B,n=Z(e?rt:d(t)),r=[];return V(n,(function(t){!f(nt,t)||e&&!f(B,t)||et(r,nt[t])})),r};c||(q=function(){if(p(G,this))throw new X("Symbol is not a constructor");var t=arguments.length&&void 0!==arguments[0]?v(arguments[0]):void 0,e=A(t),n=function(t){var r=void 0===this?o:this;r===B&&i(n,rt,t),f(r,U)&&f(r[U],e)&&(r[U][e]=!1);var s=y(1,t);try{at(r,e,s)}catch(t){if(!(t instanceof J))throw t;st(r,e,s)}};return u&&it&&at(B,e,{configurable:!0,set:n}),ut(e,t)},P(G=q[H],"toString",(function(){return z(this).tag})),P(q,"withoutSetter",(function(t){return ut(A(t),t)})),L.f=ft,k.f=ct,j.f=lt,w.f=pt,x.f=S.f=ht,O.f=dt,T.f=function(t){return ut($(t),t)},u&&(R(G,"description",{configurable:!0,get:function(){return z(this).description}}),a||P(B,"propertyIsEnumerable",ft,{unsafe:!0}))),r({global:!0,constructor:!0,wrap:!0,forced:!c,sham:!c},{Symbol:q}),V(b(ot),(function(t){I(t)})),r({target:_,stat:!0,forced:!c},{useSetter:function(){it=!0},useSimple:function(){it=!1}}),r({target:"Object",stat:!0,forced:!c,sham:!u},{create:function(t,e){return void 0===e?m(t):lt(m(t),e)},defineProperty:ct,defineProperties:lt,getOwnPropertyDescriptor:pt}),r({target:"Object",stat:!0,forced:!c},{getOwnPropertyNames:ht}),F(),D(q,_),N[U]=!0},6980:function(t){t.exports=function(t,e){return{enumerable:!(1&t),configurable:!(2&t),writable:!(4&t),value:e}}},7040:function(t,e,n){var r=n(4495);t.exports=r&&!Symbol.sham&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator},10298:function(t,e,n){var r=n(22195),o=n(25397),i=n(38480).f,s=n(67680),a="object"==typeof window&&window&&Object.getOwnPropertyNames?Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window):[];t.exports.f=function(t){return a&&"Window"===r(t)?function(t){try{return i(t)}catch(t){return s(a)}}(t):i(o(t))}},10350:function(t,e,n){var r=n(43724),o=n(39297),i=Function.prototype,s=r&&Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,a=o(i,"name"),u=a&&"something"===function(){}.name,c=a&&(!r||r&&s(i,"name").configurable);t.exports={EXISTS:a,PROPER:u,CONFIGURABLE:c}},10687:function(t,e,n){var r=n(24913).f,o=n(39297),i=n(78227)("toStringTag");t.exports=function(t,e,n){t&&!n&&(t=t.prototype),t&&!o(t,i)&&r(t,i,{configurable:!0,value:e})}},10757:function(t,e,n){var r=n(97751),o=n(94901),i=n(1625),s=n(7040),a=Object;t.exports=s?function(t){return"symbol"==typeof t}:function(t){var e=r("Symbol");return o(e)&&i(e.prototype,a(t))}},12211:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79039);t.exports=!r((function(){function t(){}return t.prototype.constructor=null,Object.getPrototypeOf(new t)!==t.prototype}))},13925:function(t,e,n){var r=n(20034);t.exports=function(t){return r(t)||null===t}},16823:function(t){var e=String;t.exports=function(t){try{return e(t)}catch(t){return"Object"}}},18014:function(t,e,n){var r=n(91291),o=Math.min;t.exports=function(t){var e=r(t);return e>0?o(e,9007199254740991):0}},18745:function(t,e,n){var r=n(40616),o=Function.prototype,i=o.apply,s=o.call;t.exports="object"==typeof Reflect&&Reflect.apply||(r?s.bind(i):function(){return s.apply(i,arguments)})},19167:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576);t.exports=r},19617:function(t,e,n){var r=n(25397),o=n(35610),i=n(26198),s=function(t){return function(e,n,s){var a=r(e),u=i(a);if(0===u)return!t&&-1;var c,l=o(s,u);if(t&&n!=n){for(;u>l;)if((c=a[l++])!=c)return!0}else for(;u>l;l++)if((t||l in a)&&a[l]===n)return t||l||0;return!t&&-1}};t.exports={includes:s(!0),indexOf:s(!1)}},20034:function(t,e,n){var r=n(94901);t.exports=function(t){return"object"==typeof t?null!==t:r(t)}},20397:function(t,e,n){var r=n(97751);t.exports=r("document","documentElement")},20816:function(t,e,n){n.d(e,{A:function(){return o}});var r=n(82284);function o(t){var e=function(t,e){if("object"!=(0,r.A)(t)||!t)return t;var n=t[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==n){var o=n.call(t,e||"default");if("object"!=(0,r.A)(o))return o;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===e?String:Number)(t)}(t,"string");return"symbol"==(0,r.A)(e)?e:e+""}},22195:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=r({}.toString),i=r("".slice);t.exports=function(t){return i(o(t),8,-1)}},23029:function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}n.d(e,{A:function(){return r}})},23167:function(t,e,n){var r=n(94901),o=n(20034),i=n(52967);t.exports=function(t,e,n){var s,a;return i&&r(s=e.constructor)&&s!==n&&o(a=s.prototype)&&a!==n.prototype&&i(t,a),t}},23792:function(t,e,n){var r=n(25397),o=n(6469),i=n(26269),s=n(91181),a=n(24913).f,u=n(51088),c=n(62529),l=n(96395),f=n(43724),p="Array Iterator",h=s.set,d=s.getterFor(p);t.exports=u(Array,"Array",(function(t,e){h(this,{type:p,target:r(t),index:0,kind:e})}),(function(){var t=d(this),e=t.target,n=t.index++;if(!e||n>=e.length)return t.target=null,c(void 0,!0);switch(t.kind){case"keys":return c(n,!1);case"values":return c(e[n],!1)}return c([n,e[n]],!1)}),"values");var g=i.Arguments=i.Array;if(o("keys"),o("values"),o("entries"),!l&&f&&"values"!==g.name)try{a(g,"name",{value:"values"})}catch(t){}},24913:function(t,e,n){var r=n(43724),o=n(35917),i=n(48686),s=n(28551),a=n(56969),u=TypeError,c=Object.defineProperty,l=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,f="enumerable",p="configurable",h="writable";e.f=r?i?function(t,e,n){if(s(t),e=a(e),s(n),"function"==typeof t&&"prototype"===e&&"value"in n&&h in n&&!n[h]){var r=l(t,e);r&&r[h]&&(t[e]=n.value,n={configurable:p in n?n[p]:r[p],enumerable:f in n?n[f]:r[f],writable:!1})}return c(t,e,n)}:c:function(t,e,n){if(s(t),e=a(e),s(n),o)try{return c(t,e,n)}catch(t){}if("get"in n||"set"in n)throw new u("Accessors not supported");return"value"in n&&(t[e]=n.value),t}},25397:function(t,e,n){var r=n(47055),o=n(67750);t.exports=function(t){return r(o(t))}},25745:function(t,e,n){var r=n(77629);t.exports=function(t,e){return r[t]||(r[t]=e||{})}},26099:function(t,e,n){var r=n(92140),o=n(36840),i=n(53179);r||o(Object.prototype,"toString",i,{unsafe:!0})},26198:function(t,e,n){var r=n(18014);t.exports=function(t){return r(t.length)}},26269:function(t){t.exports={}},27476:function(t,e,n){var r=n(22195),o=n(79504);t.exports=function(t){if("Function"===r(t))return o(t)}},28551:function(t,e,n){var r=n(20034),o=String,i=TypeError;t.exports=function(t){if(r(t))return t;throw new i(o(t)+" is not an object")}},30421:function(t){t.exports={}},31240:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504);t.exports=r(1..valueOf)},33110:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46518),o=n(97751),i=n(18745),s=n(69565),a=n(79504),u=n(79039),c=n(94901),l=n(10757),f=n(67680),p=n(66933),h=n(4495),d=String,g=o("JSON","stringify"),v=a(/./.exec),y=a("".charAt),m=a("".charCodeAt),b=a("".replace),x=a(1..toString),S=/[\uD800-\uDFFF]/g,O=/^[\uD800-\uDBFF]$/,w=/^[\uDC00-\uDFFF]$/,k=!h||u((function(){var t=o("Symbol")("stringify detection");return"[null]"!==g([t])||"{}"!==g({a:t})||"{}"!==g(Object(t))})),j=u((function(){return'"\\udf06\\ud834"'!==g("\udf06\ud834")||'"\\udead"'!==g("\udead")})),L=function(t,e){var n=f(arguments),r=p(e);if(c(r)||void 0!==t&&!l(t))return n[1]=function(t,e){if(c(r)&&(e=s(r,this,d(t),e)),!l(e))return e},i(g,null,n)},P=function(t,e,n){var r=y(n,e-1),o=y(n,e+1);return v(O,t)&&!v(w,o)||v(w,t)&&!v(O,r)?"\\u"+x(m(t,0),16):t};g&&r({target:"JSON",stat:!0,arity:3,forced:k||j},{stringify:function(t,e,n){var r=f(arguments),o=i(k?L:g,null,r);return j&&"string"==typeof o?b(o,S,P):o}})},33392:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=0,i=Math.random(),s=r(1..toString);t.exports=function(t){return"Symbol("+(void 0===t?"":t)+")_"+s(++o+i,36)}},33517:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(79039),i=n(94901),s=n(36955),a=n(97751),u=n(33706),c=function(){},l=a("Reflect","construct"),f=/^\s*(?:class|function)\b/,p=r(f.exec),h=!f.test(c),d=function(t){if(!i(t))return!1;try{return l(c,[],t),!0}catch(t){return!1}},g=function(t){if(!i(t))return!1;switch(s(t)){case"AsyncFunction":case"GeneratorFunction":case"AsyncGeneratorFunction":return!1}try{return h||!!p(f,u(t))}catch(t){return!0}};g.sham=!0,t.exports=!l||o((function(){var t;return d(d.call)||!d(Object)||!d((function(){t=!0}))||t}))?g:d},33706:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(94901),i=n(77629),s=r(Function.toString);o(i.inspectSource)||(i.inspectSource=function(t){return s(t)}),t.exports=i.inspectSource},33717:function(t,e){e.f=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols},33994:function(t,e,n){var r=n(57657).IteratorPrototype,o=n(2360),i=n(6980),s=n(10687),a=n(26269),u=function(){return this};t.exports=function(t,e,n,c){var l=e+" Iterator";return t.prototype=o(r,{next:i(+!c,n)}),s(t,l,!1,!0),a[l]=u,t}},34376:function(t,e,n){var r=n(22195);t.exports=Array.isArray||function(t){return"Array"===r(t)}},35031:function(t,e,n){var r=n(97751),o=n(79504),i=n(38480),s=n(33717),a=n(28551),u=o([].concat);t.exports=r("Reflect","ownKeys")||function(t){var e=i.f(a(t)),n=s.f;return n?u(e,n(t)):e}},35610:function(t,e,n){var r=n(91291),o=Math.max,i=Math.min;t.exports=function(t,e){var n=r(t);return n<0?o(n+e,0):i(n,e)}},35917:function(t,e,n){var r=n(43724),o=n(79039),i=n(4055);t.exports=!r&&!o((function(){return 7!==Object.defineProperty(i("div"),"a",{get:function(){return 7}}).a}))},36840:function(t,e,n){var r=n(94901),o=n(24913),i=n(50283),s=n(39433);t.exports=function(t,e,n,a){a||(a={});var u=a.enumerable,c=void 0!==a.name?a.name:e;if(r(n)&&i(n,c,a),a.global)u?t[e]=n:s(e,n);else{try{a.unsafe?t[e]&&(u=!0):delete t[e]}catch(t){}u?t[e]=n:o.f(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!1,configurable:!a.nonConfigurable,writable:!a.nonWritable})}return t}},36955:function(t,e,n){var r=n(92140),o=n(94901),i=n(22195),s=n(78227)("toStringTag"),a=Object,u="Arguments"===i(function(){return arguments}());t.exports=r?i:function(t){var e,n,r;return void 0===t?"Undefined":null===t?"Null":"string"==typeof(n=function(t,e){try{return t[e]}catch(t){}}(e=a(t),s))?n:u?i(e):"Object"===(r=i(e))&&o(e.callee)?"Arguments":r}},38480:function(t,e,n){var r=n(61828),o=n(88727).concat("length","prototype");e.f=Object.getOwnPropertyNames||function(t){return r(t,o)}},39297:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(48981),i=r({}.hasOwnProperty);t.exports=Object.hasOwn||function(t,e){return i(o(t),e)}},39433:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576),o=Object.defineProperty;t.exports=function(t,e){try{o(r,t,{value:e,configurable:!0,writable:!0})}catch(n){r[t]=e}return e}},39519:function(t,e,n){var r,o,i=n(44576),s=n(82839),a=i.process,u=i.Deno,c=a&&a.versions||u&&u.version,l=c&&c.v8;l&&(o=(r=l.split("."))[0]>0&&r[0]<4?1:+(r[0]+r[1])),!o&&s&&(!(r=s.match(/Edge\/(\d+)/))||r[1]>=74)&&(r=s.match(/Chrome\/(\d+)/))&&(o=+r[1]),t.exports=o},40616:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79039);t.exports=!r((function(){var t=function(){}.bind();return"function"!=typeof t||t.hasOwnProperty("prototype")}))},42787:function(t,e,n){var r=n(39297),o=n(94901),i=n(48981),s=n(66119),a=n(12211),u=s("IE_PROTO"),c=Object,l=c.prototype;t.exports=a?c.getPrototypeOf:function(t){var e=i(t);if(r(e,u))return e[u];var n=e.constructor;return o(n)&&e instanceof n?n.prototype:e instanceof c?l:null}},43724:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79039);t.exports=!r((function(){return 7!==Object.defineProperty({},1,{get:function(){return 7}})[1]}))},43802:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(67750),i=n(655),s=n(47452),a=r("".replace),u=RegExp("^["+s+"]+"),c=RegExp("(^|[^"+s+"])["+s+"]+$"),l=function(t){return function(e){var n=i(o(e));return 1&t&&(n=a(n,u,"")),2&t&&(n=a(n,c,"$1")),n}};t.exports={start:l(1),end:l(2),trim:l(3)}},44576:function(t,e,n){var r=function(t){return t&&t.Math===Math&&t};t.exports=r("object"==typeof globalThis&&globalThis)||r("object"==typeof window&&window)||r("object"==typeof self&&self)||r("object"==typeof n.g&&n.g)||r("object"==typeof this&&this)||function(){return this}()||Function("return this")()},45700:function(t,e,n){var r=n(70511),o=n(58242);r("toPrimitive"),o()},46518:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576),o=n(77347).f,i=n(66699),s=n(36840),a=n(39433),u=n(77740),c=n(92796);t.exports=function(t,e){var n,l,f,p,h,d=t.target,g=t.global,v=t.stat;if(n=g?r:v?r[d]||a(d,{}):r[d]&&r[d].prototype)for(l in e){if(p=e[l],f=t.dontCallGetSet?(h=o(n,l))&&h.value:n[l],!c(g?l:d+(v?".":"#")+l,t.forced)&&void 0!==f){if(typeof p==typeof f)continue;u(p,f)}(t.sham||f&&f.sham)&&i(p,"sham",!0),s(n,l,p,t)}}},46706:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(79306);t.exports=function(t,e,n){try{return r(o(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e)[n]))}catch(t){}}},47055:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(79039),i=n(22195),s=Object,a=r("".split);t.exports=o((function(){return!s("z").propertyIsEnumerable(0)}))?function(t){return"String"===i(t)?a(t,""):s(t)}:s},47452:function(t){t.exports="\t\n\v\f\r \u2028\u2029\ufeff"},47764:function(t,e,n){var r=n(68183).charAt,o=n(655),i=n(91181),s=n(51088),a=n(62529),u="String Iterator",c=i.set,l=i.getterFor(u);s(String,"String",(function(t){c(this,{type:u,string:o(t),index:0})}),(function(){var t,e=l(this),n=e.string,o=e.index;return o>=n.length?a(void 0,!0):(t=r(n,o),e.index+=t.length,a(t,!1))}))},48686:function(t,e,n){var r=n(43724),o=n(79039);t.exports=r&&o((function(){return 42!==Object.defineProperty((function(){}),"prototype",{value:42,writable:!1}).prototype}))},48773:function(t,e){var n={}.propertyIsEnumerable,r=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,o=r&&!n.call({1:2},1);e.f=o?function(t){var e=r(this,t);return!!e&&e.enumerable}:n},48981:function(t,e,n){var r=n(67750),o=Object;t.exports=function(t){return o(r(t))}},49773:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46518),o=n(4495),i=n(79039),s=n(33717),a=n(48981);r({target:"Object",stat:!0,forced:!o||i((function(){s.f(1)}))},{getOwnPropertySymbols:function(t){var e=s.f;return e?e(a(t)):[]}})},50283:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(79039),i=n(94901),s=n(39297),a=n(43724),u=n(10350).CONFIGURABLE,c=n(33706),l=n(91181),f=l.enforce,p=l.get,h=String,d=Object.defineProperty,g=r("".slice),v=r("".replace),y=r([].join),m=a&&!o((function(){return 8!==d((function(){}),"length",{value:8}).length})),b=String(String).split("String"),x=t.exports=function(t,e,n){"Symbol("===g(h(e),0,7)&&(e="["+v(h(e),/^Symbol\(([^)]*)\).*$/,"$1")+"]"),n&&n.getter&&(e="get "+e),n&&n.setter&&(e="set "+e),(!s(t,"name")||u&&t.name!==e)&&(a?d(t,"name",{value:e,configurable:!0}):t.name=e),m&&n&&s(n,"arity")&&t.length!==n.arity&&d(t,"length",{value:n.arity});try{n&&s(n,"constructor")&&n.constructor?a&&d(t,"prototype",{writable:!1}):t.prototype&&(t.prototype=void 0)}catch(t){}var r=f(t);return s(r,"source")||(r.source=y(b,"string"==typeof e?e:"")),t};Function.prototype.toString=x((function(){return i(this)&&p(this).source||c(this)}),"toString")},51088:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46518),o=n(69565),i=n(96395),s=n(10350),a=n(94901),u=n(33994),c=n(42787),l=n(52967),f=n(10687),p=n(66699),h=n(36840),d=n(78227),g=n(26269),v=n(57657),y=s.PROPER,m=s.CONFIGURABLE,b=v.IteratorPrototype,x=v.BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS,S=d("iterator"),O="keys",w="values",k="entries",j=function(){return this};t.exports=function(t,e,n,s,d,v,L){u(n,e,s);var P,R,E,C=function(t){if(t===d&&I)return I;if(!x&&t&&t in $)return $[t];switch(t){case O:case w:case k:return function(){return new n(this,t)}}return function(){return new n(this)}},N=e+" Iterator",A=!1,$=t.prototype,T=$[S]||$["@@iterator"]||d&&$[d],I=!x&&T||C(d),F="Array"===e&&$.entries||T;if(F&&(P=c(F.call(new t)))!==Object.prototype&&P.next&&(i||c(P)===b||(l?l(P,b):a(P[S])||h(P,S,j)),f(P,N,!0,!0),i&&(g[N]=j)),y&&d===w&&T&&T.name!==w&&(!i&&m?p($,"name",w):(A=!0,I=function(){return o(T,this)})),d)if(R={values:C(w),keys:v?I:C(O),entries:C(k)},L)for(E in R)(x||A||!(E in $))&&h($,E,R[E]);else r({target:e,proto:!0,forced:x||A},R);return i&&!L||$[S]===I||h($,S,I,{name:d}),g[e]=I,R}},51250:function(t,e,n){n(82876).A.init(TC.localePath,TC.locale,!1,TC.init)},52675:function(t,e,n){n(6761),n(81510),n(97812),n(33110),n(49773)},52967:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46706),o=n(20034),i=n(67750),s=n(73506);t.exports=Object.setPrototypeOf||("__proto__"in{}?function(){var t,e=!1,n={};try{(t=r(Object.prototype,"__proto__","set"))(n,[]),e=n instanceof Array}catch(t){}return function(n,r){return i(n),s(r),o(n)?(e?t(n,r):n.__proto__=r,n):n}}():void 0)},53179:function(t,e,n){var r=n(92140),o=n(36955);t.exports=r?{}.toString:function(){return"[object "+o(this)+"]"}},53640:function(t,e,n){var r=n(28551),o=n(84270),i=TypeError;t.exports=function(t){if(r(this),"string"===t||"default"===t)t="string";else if("number"!==t)throw new i("Incorrect hint");return o(this,t)}},55966:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79306),o=n(64117);t.exports=function(t,e){var n=t[e];return o(n)?void 0:r(n)}},56969:function(t,e,n){var r=n(72777),o=n(10757);t.exports=function(t){var e=r(t,"string");return o(e)?e:e+""}},57657:function(t,e,n){var r,o,i,s=n(79039),a=n(94901),u=n(20034),c=n(2360),l=n(42787),f=n(36840),p=n(78227),h=n(96395),d=p("iterator"),g=!1;[].keys&&("next"in(i=[].keys())?(o=l(l(i)))!==Object.prototype&&(r=o):g=!0),!u(r)||s((function(){var t={};return r[d].call(t)!==t}))?r={}:h&&(r=c(r)),a(r[d])||f(r,d,(function(){return this})),t.exports={IteratorPrototype:r,BUGGY_SAFARI_ITERATORS:g}},58242:function(t,e,n){var r=n(69565),o=n(97751),i=n(78227),s=n(36840);t.exports=function(){var t=o("Symbol"),e=t&&t.prototype,n=e&&e.valueOf,a=i("toPrimitive");e&&!e[a]&&s(e,a,(function(t){return r(n,this)}),{arity:1})}},58622:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576),o=n(94901),i=r.WeakMap;t.exports=o(i)&&/native code/.test(String(i))},59213:function(t,e,n){var r=n(76080),o=n(79504),i=n(47055),s=n(48981),a=n(26198),u=n(1469),c=o([].push),l=function(t){var e=1===t,n=2===t,o=3===t,l=4===t,f=6===t,p=7===t,h=5===t||f;return function(d,g,v,y){for(var m,b,x=s(d),S=i(x),O=a(S),w=r(g,v),k=0,j=y||u,L=e?j(d,O):n||p?j(d,0):void 0;O>k;k++)if((h||k in S)&&(b=w(m=S[k],k,x),t))if(e)L[k]=b;else if(b)switch(t){case 3:return!0;case 5:return m;case 6:return k;case 2:c(L,m)}else switch(t){case 4:return!1;case 7:c(L,m)}return f?-1:o||l?l:L}};t.exports={forEach:l(0),map:l(1),filter:l(2),some:l(3),every:l(4),find:l(5),findIndex:l(6),filterReject:l(7)}},61828:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(39297),i=n(25397),s=n(19617).indexOf,a=n(30421),u=r([].push);t.exports=function(t,e){var n,r=i(t),c=0,l=[];for(n in r)!o(a,n)&&o(r,n)&&u(l,n);for(;e.length>c;)o(r,n=e[c++])&&(~s(l,n)||u(l,n));return l}},62046:function(t,e,n){function r(){var t="local-storage-availability-test";try{return window.localStorage.setItem(t,t),window.localStorage.getItem(t),window.localStorage.removeItem(t),!0}catch(t){return!1}}n.d(e,{A:function(){return r}})},62106:function(t,e,n){var r=n(50283),o=n(24913);t.exports=function(t,e,n){return n.get&&r(n.get,e,{getter:!0}),n.set&&r(n.set,e,{setter:!0}),o.f(t,e,n)}},62529:function(t){t.exports=function(t,e){return{value:t,done:e}}},62953:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576),o=n(67400),i=n(79296),s=n(23792),a=n(66699),u=n(10687),c=n(78227)("iterator"),l=s.values,f=function(t,e){if(t){if(t[c]!==l)try{a(t,c,l)}catch(e){t[c]=l}if(u(t,e,!0),o[e])for(var n in s)if(t[n]!==s[n])try{a(t,n,s[n])}catch(e){t[n]=s[n]}}};for(var p in o)f(r[p]&&r[p].prototype,p);f(i,"DOMTokenList")},64117:function(t){t.exports=function(t){return null==t}},64467:function(t,e,n){n.d(e,{A:function(){return o}});var r=n(20816);function o(t,e,n){return(e=(0,r.A)(e))in t?Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):t[e]=n,t}},66119:function(t,e,n){var r=n(25745),o=n(33392),i=r("keys");t.exports=function(t){return i[t]||(i[t]=o(t))}},66699:function(t,e,n){var r=n(43724),o=n(24913),i=n(6980);t.exports=r?function(t,e,n){return o.f(t,e,i(1,n))}:function(t,e,n){return t[e]=n,t}},66933:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(34376),i=n(94901),s=n(22195),a=n(655),u=r([].push);t.exports=function(t){if(i(t))return t;if(o(t)){for(var e=t.length,n=[],r=0;r<e;r++){var c=t[r];"string"==typeof c?u(n,c):"number"!=typeof c&&"Number"!==s(c)&&"String"!==s(c)||u(n,a(c))}var l=n.length,f=!0;return function(t,e){if(f)return f=!1,e;if(o(this))return e;for(var r=0;r<l;r++)if(n[r]===t)return e}}}},67400:function(t){t.exports={CSSRuleList:0,CSSStyleDeclaration:0,CSSValueList:0,ClientRectList:0,DOMRectList:0,DOMStringList:0,DOMTokenList:1,DataTransferItemList:0,FileList:0,HTMLAllCollection:0,HTMLCollection:0,HTMLFormElement:0,HTMLSelectElement:0,MediaList:0,MimeTypeArray:0,NamedNodeMap:0,NodeList:1,PaintRequestList:0,Plugin:0,PluginArray:0,SVGLengthList:0,SVGNumberList:0,SVGPathSegList:0,SVGPointList:0,SVGStringList:0,SVGTransformList:0,SourceBufferList:0,StyleSheetList:0,TextTrackCueList:0,TextTrackList:0,TouchList:0}},67680:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504);t.exports=r([].slice)},67750:function(t,e,n){var r=n(64117),o=TypeError;t.exports=function(t){if(r(t))throw new o("Can't call method on "+t);return t}},68183:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79504),o=n(91291),i=n(655),s=n(67750),a=r("".charAt),u=r("".charCodeAt),c=r("".slice),l=function(t){return function(e,n){var r,l,f=i(s(e)),p=o(n),h=f.length;return p<0||p>=h?t?"":void 0:(r=u(f,p))<55296||r>56319||p+1===h||(l=u(f,p+1))<56320||l>57343?t?a(f,p):r:t?c(f,p,p+2):l-56320+(r-55296<<10)+65536}};t.exports={codeAt:l(!1),charAt:l(!0)}},69565:function(t,e,n){var r=n(40616),o=Function.prototype.call;t.exports=r?o.bind(o):function(){return o.apply(o,arguments)}},70511:function(t,e,n){var r=n(19167),o=n(39297),i=n(1951),s=n(24913).f;t.exports=function(t){var e=r.Symbol||(r.Symbol={});o(e,t)||s(e,t,{value:i.f(t)})}},71072:function(t,e,n){var r=n(61828),o=n(88727);t.exports=Object.keys||function(t){return r(t,o)}},72777:function(t,e,n){var r=n(69565),o=n(20034),i=n(10757),s=n(55966),a=n(84270),u=n(78227),c=TypeError,l=u("toPrimitive");t.exports=function(t,e){if(!o(t)||i(t))return t;var n,u=s(t,l);if(u){if(void 0===e&&(e="default"),n=r(u,t,e),!o(n)||i(n))return n;throw new c("Can't convert object to primitive value")}return void 0===e&&(e="number"),a(t,e)}},73506:function(t,e,n){var r=n(13925),o=String,i=TypeError;t.exports=function(t){if(r(t))return t;throw new i("Can't set "+o(t)+" as a prototype")}},76080:function(t,e,n){var r=n(27476),o=n(79306),i=n(40616),s=r(r.bind);t.exports=function(t,e){return o(t),void 0===e?t:i?s(t,e):function(){return t.apply(e,arguments)}}},77347:function(t,e,n){var r=n(43724),o=n(69565),i=n(48773),s=n(6980),a=n(25397),u=n(56969),c=n(39297),l=n(35917),f=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;e.f=r?f:function(t,e){if(t=a(t),e=u(e),l)try{return f(t,e)}catch(t){}if(c(t,e))return s(!o(i.f,t,e),t[e])}},77629:function(t,e,n){var r=n(96395),o=n(44576),i=n(39433),s="__core-js_shared__",a=t.exports=o[s]||i(s,{});(a.versions||(a.versions=[])).push({version:"3.40.0",mode:r?"pure":"global",copyright:"© 2014-2025 Denis Pushkarev (zloirock.ru)",license:"https://github.com/zloirock/core-js/blob/v3.40.0/LICENSE",source:"https://github.com/zloirock/core-js"})},77740:function(t,e,n){var r=n(39297),o=n(35031),i=n(77347),s=n(24913);t.exports=function(t,e,n){for(var a=o(e),u=s.f,c=i.f,l=0;l<a.length;l++){var f=a[l];r(t,f)||n&&r(n,f)||u(t,f,c(e,f))}}},78227:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576),o=n(25745),i=n(39297),s=n(33392),a=n(4495),u=n(7040),c=r.Symbol,l=o("wks"),f=u?c.for||c:c&&c.withoutSetter||s;t.exports=function(t){return i(l,t)||(l[t]=a&&i(c,t)?c[t]:f("Symbol."+t)),l[t]}},79039:function(t){t.exports=function(t){try{return!!t()}catch(t){return!0}}},79296:function(t,e,n){var r=n(4055)("span").classList,o=r&&r.constructor&&r.constructor.prototype;t.exports=o===Object.prototype?void 0:o},79306:function(t,e,n){var r=n(94901),o=n(16823),i=TypeError;t.exports=function(t){if(r(t))return t;throw new i(o(t)+" is not a function")}},79504:function(t,e,n){var r=n(40616),o=Function.prototype,i=o.call,s=r&&o.bind.bind(i,i);t.exports=r?s:function(t){return function(){return i.apply(t,arguments)}}},80030:function(t,e){e.A=function(t){var e=!1;window.XMLHttpRequest?e=new XMLHttpRequest:window.ActiveXObject&&(e=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")),!1!==e&&(e.open("GET",t,!0),e.send())}},80741:function(t){var e=Math.ceil,n=Math.floor;t.exports=Math.trunc||function(t){var r=+t;return(r>0?n:e)(r)}},81510:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46518),o=n(97751),i=n(39297),s=n(655),a=n(25745),u=n(91296),c=a("string-to-symbol-registry"),l=a("symbol-to-string-registry");r({target:"Symbol",stat:!0,forced:!u},{for:function(t){var e=s(t);if(i(c,e))return c[e];var n=o("Symbol")(e);return c[e]=n,l[n]=e,n}})},82284:function(t,e,n){function r(t){return r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t},r(t)}n.d(e,{A:function(){return r}})},82839:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576).navigator,o=r&&r.userAgent;t.exports=o?String(o):""},82876:function(t,e,n){n.d(e,{A:function(){return gt}});n(52675),n(89463),n(2259),n(45700),n(23792),n(89572),n(2892),n(26099),n(47764),n(62953);var r=n(23029),o=n(92901),i=[],s=i.forEach,a=i.slice;function u(t,e,n,r){var o=t.read.bind(t);if(2!==o.length)o(e,n,r);else try{var i=o(e,n);i&&"function"==typeof i.then?i.then((function(t){return r(null,t)})).catch(r):r(null,i)}catch(t){r(t)}}var c=function(){function t(e){var n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},o=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};(0,r.A)(this,t),this.backends=[],this.type="backend",this.allOptions=o,this.init(e,n)}return(0,o.A)(t,[{key:"init",value:function(t){var e=this,n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};this.services=t,this.options=function(t){return s.call(a.call(arguments,1),(function(e){if(e)for(var n in e)void 0===t[n]&&(t[n]=e[n])})),t}(n,this.options||{},{handleEmptyResourcesAsFailed:!0,cacheHitMode:"none"}),this.allOptions=r,this.options.backends&&this.options.backends.forEach((function(n,o){var i;e.backends[o]=e.backends[o]||((i=n)?"function"==typeof i?new i:i:null),e.backends[o].init(t,e.options.backendOptions&&e.options.backendOptions[o]||{},r)})),this.services&&this.options.reloadInterval&&setInterval((function(){return e.reload()}),this.options.reloadInterval)}},{key:"read",value:function(t,e,n){var r=this,o=this.backends.length,i=function n(o,i){if(!(o<0)){var s=r.backends[o];s.save?(s.save(t,e,i),n(o-1,i)):n(o-1,i)}};!function s(a){if(a>=o)return n(new Error("non of the backend loaded data",!0));var c=a===o-1,l=r.options.handleEmptyResourcesAsFailed&&!c?0:-1,f=r.backends[a];f.read?u(f,t,e,(function(o,c,p){if(!o&&c&&Object.keys(c).length>l){if(n(null,c,a),i(a-1,c),f.save&&r.options.cacheHitMode&&["refresh","refreshAndUpdateStore"].indexOf(r.options.cacheHitMode)>-1){if(p&&r.options.refreshExpirationTime&&p+r.options.refreshExpirationTime>Date.now())return;var h=r.backends[a+1];h&&h.read&&u(h,t,e,(function(n,o){n||o&&(Object.keys(o).length<=l||(i(a,o),"refreshAndUpdateStore"===r.options.cacheHitMode&&r.services&&r.services.resourceStore&&r.services.resourceStore.addResourceBundle(t,e,o)))}))}}else s(a+1)})):s(a+1)}(0)}},{key:"create",value:function(t,e,n,r){var o=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:function(){},i=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{};this.backends.forEach((function(s){if(s.create){var a=s.create.bind(s);if(a.length<6)try{var u;(u=5===a.length?a(t,e,n,r,i):a(t,e,n,r))&&"function"==typeof u.then?u.then((function(t){return o(null,t)})).catch(o):o(null,u)}catch(t){o(t)}else a(t,e,n,r,o,i)}}))}},{key:"reload",value:function(){var t=this,e=this.services,n=e.backendConnector,r=e.languageUtils,o=e.logger,i=n.language;if(!i||"cimode"!==i.toLowerCase()){var s=[],a=function(t){r.toResolveHierarchy(t).forEach((function(t){s.indexOf(t)<0&&s.push(t)}))};a(i),this.allOptions.preload&&this.allOptions.preload.forEach((function(t){return a(t)})),s.forEach((function(e){t.allOptions.ns.forEach((function(t){n.read(e,t,"read",null,null,(function(r,i){r&&o.warn("loading namespace ".concat(t," for language ").concat(e," failed"),r),!r&&i&&o.log("loaded namespace ".concat(t," for language ").concat(e),i),n.loaded("".concat(e,"|").concat(t),r,i)}))}))}))}}}]),t}();c.type="backend";const l=t=>"string"==typeof t,f=()=>{let t,e;const n=new Promise(((n,r)=>{t=n,e=r}));return n.resolve=t,n.reject=e,n},p=t=>null==t?"":""+t,h=/###/g,d=t=>t&&t.indexOf("###")>-1?t.replace(h,"."):t,g=t=>!t||l(t),v=(t,e,n)=>{const r=l(e)?e.split("."):e;let o=0;for(;o<r.length-1;){if(g(t))return{};const e=d(r[o]);!t[e]&&n&&(t[e]=new n),t=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e)?t[e]:{},++o}return g(t)?{}:{obj:t,k:d(r[o])}},y=(t,e,n)=>{const{obj:r,k:o}=v(t,e,Object);if(void 0!==r||1===e.length)return void(r[o]=n);let i=e[e.length-1],s=e.slice(0,e.length-1),a=v(t,s,Object);for(;void 0===a.obj&&s.length;)i=`${s[s.length-1]}.${i}`,s=s.slice(0,s.length-1),a=v(t,s,Object),a?.obj&&void 0!==a.obj[`${a.k}.${i}`]&&(a.obj=void 0);a.obj[`${a.k}.${i}`]=n},m=(t,e)=>{const{obj:n,k:r}=v(t,e);if(n&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,r))return n[r]},b=(t,e,n)=>{for(const r in e)"__proto__"!==r&&"constructor"!==r&&(r in t?l(t[r])||t[r]instanceof String||l(e[r])||e[r]instanceof String?n&&(t[r]=e[r]):b(t[r],e[r],n):t[r]=e[r]);return t},x=t=>t.replace(/[\-\[\]\/\{\}\(\)\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|]/g,"\\$&");var S={"&":"&","<":"<",">":">",'"':""","'":"'","/":"/"};const O=t=>l(t)?t.replace(/[&<>"'\/]/g,(t=>S[t])):t;const w=[" ",",","?","!",";"],k=new class{constructor(t){this.capacity=t,this.regExpMap=new Map,this.regExpQueue=[]}getRegExp(t){const e=this.regExpMap.get(t);if(void 0!==e)return e;const n=new RegExp(t);return this.regExpQueue.length===this.capacity&&this.regExpMap.delete(this.regExpQueue.shift()),this.regExpMap.set(t,n),this.regExpQueue.push(t),n}}(20),j=function(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:".";if(!t)return;if(t[e]){if(!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e))return;return t[e]}const r=e.split(n);let o=t;for(let t=0;t<r.length;){if(!o||"object"!=typeof o)return;let e,i="";for(let s=t;s<r.length;++s)if(s!==t&&(i+=n),i+=r[s],e=o[i],void 0!==e){if(["string","number","boolean"].indexOf(typeof e)>-1&&s<r.length-1)continue;t+=s-t+1;break}o=e}return o},L=t=>t?.replace("_","-"),P={type:"logger",log(t){this.output("log",t)},warn(t){this.output("warn",t)},error(t){this.output("error",t)},output(t,e){console?.[t]?.apply?.(console,e)}};class R{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.init(t,e)}init(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.prefix=e.prefix||"i18next:",this.logger=t||P,this.options=e,this.debug=e.debug}log(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.forward(e,"log","",!0)}warn(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.forward(e,"warn","",!0)}error(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.forward(e,"error","")}deprecate(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.forward(e,"warn","WARNING DEPRECATED: ",!0)}forward(t,e,n,r){return r&&!this.debug?null:(l(t[0])&&(t[0]=`${n}${this.prefix} ${t[0]}`),this.logger[e](t))}create(t){return new R(this.logger,{prefix:`${this.prefix}:${t}:`,...this.options})}clone(t){return(t=t||this.options).prefix=t.prefix||this.prefix,new R(this.logger,t)}}var E=new R;class C{constructor(){this.observers={}}on(t,e){return t.split(" ").forEach((t=>{this.observers[t]||(this.observers[t]=new Map);const n=this.observers[t].get(e)||0;this.observers[t].set(e,n+1)})),this}off(t,e){this.observers[t]&&(e?this.observers[t].delete(e):delete this.observers[t])}emit(t){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e>1?e-1:0),r=1;r<e;r++)n[r-1]=arguments[r];if(this.observers[t]){Array.from(this.observers[t].entries()).forEach((t=>{let[e,r]=t;for(let t=0;t<r;t++)e(...n)}))}if(this.observers["*"]){Array.from(this.observers["*"].entries()).forEach((e=>{let[r,o]=e;for(let e=0;e<o;e++)r.apply(r,[t,...n])}))}}}class N extends C{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{ns:["translation"],defaultNS:"translation"};super(),this.data=t||{},this.options=e,void 0===this.options.keySeparator&&(this.options.keySeparator="."),void 0===this.options.ignoreJSONStructure&&(this.options.ignoreJSONStructure=!0)}addNamespaces(t){this.options.ns.indexOf(t)<0&&this.options.ns.push(t)}removeNamespaces(t){const e=this.options.ns.indexOf(t);e>-1&&this.options.ns.splice(e,1)}getResource(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const o=void 0!==r.keySeparator?r.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,i=void 0!==r.ignoreJSONStructure?r.ignoreJSONStructure:this.options.ignoreJSONStructure;let s;t.indexOf(".")>-1?s=t.split("."):(s=[t,e],n&&(Array.isArray(n)?s.push(...n):l(n)&&o?s.push(...n.split(o)):s.push(n)));const a=m(this.data,s);return!a&&!e&&!n&&t.indexOf(".")>-1&&(t=s[0],e=s[1],n=s.slice(2).join(".")),!a&&i&&l(n)?j(this.data?.[t]?.[e],n,o):a}addResource(t,e,n,r){let o=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:{silent:!1};const i=void 0!==o.keySeparator?o.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator;let s=[t,e];n&&(s=s.concat(i?n.split(i):n)),t.indexOf(".")>-1&&(s=t.split("."),r=e,e=s[1]),this.addNamespaces(e),y(this.data,s,r),o.silent||this.emit("added",t,e,n,r)}addResources(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{silent:!1};for(const r in n)(l(n[r])||Array.isArray(n[r]))&&this.addResource(t,e,r,n[r],{silent:!0});r.silent||this.emit("added",t,e,n)}addResourceBundle(t,e,n,r,o){let i=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{silent:!1,skipCopy:!1},s=[t,e];t.indexOf(".")>-1&&(s=t.split("."),r=n,n=e,e=s[1]),this.addNamespaces(e);let a=m(this.data,s)||{};i.skipCopy||(n=JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(n))),r?b(a,n,o):a={...a,...n},y(this.data,s,a),i.silent||this.emit("added",t,e,n)}removeResourceBundle(t,e){this.hasResourceBundle(t,e)&&delete this.data[t][e],this.removeNamespaces(e),this.emit("removed",t,e)}hasResourceBundle(t,e){return void 0!==this.getResource(t,e)}getResourceBundle(t,e){return e||(e=this.options.defaultNS),this.getResource(t,e)}getDataByLanguage(t){return this.data[t]}hasLanguageSomeTranslations(t){const e=this.getDataByLanguage(t);return!!(e&&Object.keys(e)||[]).find((t=>e[t]&&Object.keys(e[t]).length>0))}toJSON(){return this.data}}var A={processors:{},addPostProcessor(t){this.processors[t.name]=t},handle(t,e,n,r,o){return t.forEach((t=>{e=this.processors[t]?.process(e,n,r,o)??e})),e}};const $={};class T extends C{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};super(),((t,e,n)=>{t.forEach((t=>{e[t]&&(n[t]=e[t])}))})(["resourceStore","languageUtils","pluralResolver","interpolator","backendConnector","i18nFormat","utils"],t,this),this.options=e,void 0===this.options.keySeparator&&(this.options.keySeparator="."),this.logger=E.create("translator")}changeLanguage(t){t&&(this.language=t)}exists(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};if(null==t)return!1;const n=this.resolve(t,e);return void 0!==n?.res}extractFromKey(t,e){let n=void 0!==e.nsSeparator?e.nsSeparator:this.options.nsSeparator;void 0===n&&(n=":");const r=void 0!==e.keySeparator?e.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator;let o=e.ns||this.options.defaultNS||[];const i=n&&t.indexOf(n)>-1,s=!(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator||e.keySeparator||this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator||e.nsSeparator||((t,e,n)=>{e=e||"",n=n||"";const r=w.filter((t=>e.indexOf(t)<0&&n.indexOf(t)<0));if(0===r.length)return!0;const o=k.getRegExp(`(${r.map((t=>"?"===t?"\\?":t)).join("|")})`);let i=!o.test(t);if(!i){const e=t.indexOf(n);e>0&&!o.test(t.substring(0,e))&&(i=!0)}return i})(t,n,r));if(i&&!s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);if(e&&e.length>0)return{key:t,namespaces:l(o)?[o]:o};const i=t.split(n);(n!==r||n===r&&this.options.ns.indexOf(i[0])>-1)&&(o=i.shift()),t=i.join(r)}return{key:t,namespaces:l(o)?[o]:o}}translate(t,e,n){if("object"!=typeof e&&this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler&&(e=this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments)),"object"==typeof e&&(e={...e}),e||(e={}),null==t)return"";Array.isArray(t)||(t=[String(t)]);const r=void 0!==e.returnDetails?e.returnDetails:this.options.returnDetails,o=void 0!==e.keySeparator?e.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,{key:i,namespaces:s}=this.extractFromKey(t[t.length-1],e),a=s[s.length-1],u=e.lng||this.language,c=e.appendNamespaceToCIMode||this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;if("cimode"===u?.toLowerCase()){if(c){const t=e.nsSeparator||this.options.nsSeparator;return r?{res:`${a}${t}${i}`,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:`${a}${t}${i}`}return r?{res:i,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:i}const f=this.resolve(t,e);let p=f?.res;const h=f?.usedKey||i,d=f?.exactUsedKey||i,g=Object.prototype.toString.apply(p),v=void 0!==e.joinArrays?e.joinArrays:this.options.joinArrays,y=!this.i18nFormat||this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject,m=!l(p)&&"boolean"!=typeof p&&"number"!=typeof p;if(!(y&&p&&m&&["[object Number]","[object Function]","[object RegExp]"].indexOf(g)<0)||l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))if(y&&l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))p=p.join(v),p&&(p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,n));else{let r=!1,s=!1;const c=void 0!==e.count&&!l(e.count),h=T.hasDefaultValue(e),d=c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,e):"",g=e.ordinal&&c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,{ordinal:!1}):"",v=c&&!e.ordinal&&0===e.count,y=v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]||e[`defaultValue${d}`]||e[`defaultValue${g}`]||e.defaultValue;!this.isValidLookup(p)&&h&&(r=!0,p=y),this.isValidLookup(p)||(s=!0,p=i);const m=(e.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey||this.options.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey)&&s?void 0:p,b=h&&y!==p&&this.options.updateMissing;if(s||r||b){if(this.logger.log(b?"updateKey":"missingKey",u,a,i,b?y:p),o){const t=this.resolve(i,{...e,keySeparator:!1});t&&t.res&&this.logger.warn("Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let t=[];const n=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,e.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&n&&n[0])for(let e=0;e<n.length;e++)t.push(n[e]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e.lng||this.language):t.push(e.lng||this.language);const r=(t,n,r)=>{const o=h&&r!==p?r:m;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(t,a,n,o,b,e):this.backendConnector?.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(t,a,n,o,b,e),this.emit("missingKey",t,a,n,p)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&c?t.forEach((t=>{const n=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(t,e);v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&n.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&n.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),n.forEach((n=>{r([t],i+n,e[`defaultValue${n}`]||y)}))})):r(t,i,y))}p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,f,n),s&&p===i&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(p=`${a}:${i}`),(s||r)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(p=this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${a}:${i}`:i,r?p:void 0))}else{if(!e.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects){this.options.returnedObjectHandler||this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!");const t=this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(h,p,{...e,ns:s}):`key '${i} (${this.language})' returned an object instead of string.`;return r?(f.res=t,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):t}if(o){const t=Array.isArray(p),n=t?[]:{},r=t?d:h;for(const t in p)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(p,t)){const i=`${r}${o}${t}`;n[t]=this.translate(i,{...e,joinArrays:!1,ns:s}),n[t]===i&&(n[t]=p[t])}p=n}}return r?(f.res=p,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):p}extendTranslation(t,e,n,r,o){var i=this;if(this.i18nFormat?.parse)t=this.i18nFormat.parse(t,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...n},n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,r.usedNS,r.usedKey,{resolved:r});else if(!n.skipInterpolation){n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...n,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...n.interpolation}});const s=l(t)&&(void 0!==n?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?n.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let a;if(s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a=e&&e.length}let u=n.replace&&!l(n.replace)?n.replace:n;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(u={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...u}),t=this.interpolator.interpolate(t,u,n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,n),s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a<(e&&e.length)&&(n.nest=!1)}!n.lng&&r&&r.res&&(n.lng=this.language||r.usedLng),!1!==n.nest&&(t=this.interpolator.nest(t,(function(){for(var t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),s=0;s<t;s++)r[s]=arguments[s];return o?.[0]!==r[0]||n.context?i.translate(...r,e):(i.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${r[0]} in key: ${e[0]}`),null)}),n)),n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const s=n.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,a=l(s)?[s]:s;return null!=t&&a?.length&&!1!==n.applyPostProcessor&&(t=A.handle(a,t,e,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...r,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(n)},...n}:n,this)),t}resolve(t){let e,n,r,o,i,s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return l(t)&&(t=[t]),t.forEach((t=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(t,s),u=a.key;n=u;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const f=void 0!==s.count&&!l(s.count),p=f&&!s.ordinal&&0===s.count,h=void 0!==s.context&&(l(s.context)||"number"==typeof s.context)&&""!==s.context,d=s.lngs?s.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(s.lng||this.language,s.fallbackLng);c.forEach((t=>{this.isValidLookup(e)||(i=t,$[`${d[0]}-${t}`]||!this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(i)||($[`${d[0]}-${t}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${n}" for languages "${d.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${i}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")),d.forEach((n=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;o=n;const i=[u];if(this.i18nFormat?.addLookupKeys)this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(i,u,n,t,s);else{let t;f&&(t=this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(n,s.count,s));const e=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`,r=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}ordinal${this.options.pluralSeparator}`;if(f&&(i.push(u+t),s.ordinal&&0===t.indexOf(r)&&i.push(u+t.replace(r,this.options.pluralSeparator)),p&&i.push(u+e)),h){const n=`${u}${this.options.contextSeparator}${s.context}`;i.push(n),f&&(i.push(n+t),s.ordinal&&0===t.indexOf(r)&&i.push(n+t.replace(r,this.options.pluralSeparator)),p&&i.push(n+e))}}let a;for(;a=i.pop();)this.isValidLookup(e)||(r=a,e=this.getResource(n,t,a,s))})))}))})),{res:e,usedKey:n,exactUsedKey:r,usedLng:o,usedNS:i}}isValidLookup(t){return!(void 0===t||!this.options.returnNull&&null===t||!this.options.returnEmptyString&&""===t)}getResource(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.i18nFormat?.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(t,e,n,r):this.resourceStore.getResource(t,e,n,r)}getUsedParamsDetails(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};const e=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],n=t.replace&&!l(t.replace);let r=n?t.replace:t;if(n&&void 0!==t.count&&(r.count=t.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(r={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...r}),!n){r={...r};for(const t of e)delete r[t]}return r}static hasDefaultValue(t){const e="defaultValue";for(const n in t)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)&&e===n.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==t[n])return!0;return!1}}class I{constructor(t){this.options=t,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=E.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const e=t.split("-");return 2===e.length?null:(e.pop(),"x"===e[e.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(e.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return t;const e=t.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(e[0])}formatLanguageCode(t){if(l(t)&&t.indexOf("-")>-1){let e;try{e=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(t)[0]}catch(t){}return e&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(e=e.toLowerCase()),e||(this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t)}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t}isSupportedCode(t){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(t=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(t)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(t){if(!t)return null;let e;return t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.formatLanguageCode(t);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(n)||(e=n)})),!e&&this.options.supportedLngs&&t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t);if(this.isSupportedCode(n))return e=n;e=this.options.supportedLngs.find((t=>t===n?t:t.indexOf("-")<0&&n.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:t.indexOf("-")>0&&n.indexOf("-")<0&&t.substring(0,t.indexOf("-"))===n||0===t.indexOf(n)&&n.length>1?t:void 0))})),e||(e=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),e}getFallbackCodes(t,e){if(!t)return[];if("function"==typeof t&&(t=t(e)),l(t)&&(t=[t]),Array.isArray(t))return t;if(!e)return t.default||[];let n=t[e];return n||(n=t[this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.formatLanguageCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t.default),n||[]}toResolveHierarchy(t,e){const n=this.getFallbackCodes(e||this.options.fallbackLng||[],t),r=[],o=t=>{t&&(this.isSupportedCode(t)?r.push(t):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${t}`))};return l(t)&&(t.indexOf("-")>-1||t.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))):l(t)&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),n.forEach((t=>{r.indexOf(t)<0&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t))})),r}}const F={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5},D={select:t=>1===t?"one":"other",resolvedOptions:()=>({pluralCategories:["one","other"]})};class M{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=t,this.options=e,this.logger=E.create("pluralResolver"),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(t,e){this.rules[t]=e}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const n=L("dev"===t?"en":t),r=e.ordinal?"ordinal":"cardinal",o=JSON.stringify({cleanedCode:n,type:r});if(o in this.pluralRulesCache)return this.pluralRulesCache[o];let i;try{i=new Intl.PluralRules(n,{type:r})}catch(n){if(!Intl)return this.logger.error("No Intl support, please use an Intl polyfill!"),D;if(!t.match(/-|_/))return D;const r=this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(t);i=this.getRule(r,e)}return this.pluralRulesCache[o]=i,i}needsPlural(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=this.getRule(t,e);return n||(n=this.getRule("dev",e)),n?.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.length>1}getPluralFormsOfKey(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};return this.getSuffixes(t,n).map((t=>`${e}${t}`))}getSuffixes(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=this.getRule(t,e);return n||(n=this.getRule("dev",e)),n?n.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.sort(((t,e)=>F[t]-F[e])).map((t=>`${this.options.prepend}${e.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${t}`)):[]}getSuffix(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const r=this.getRule(t,n);return r?`${this.options.prepend}${n.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${r.select(e)}`:(this.logger.warn(`no plural rule found for: ${t}`),this.getSuffix("dev",e,n))}}const V=function(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:".",o=!(arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4])||arguments[4],i=((t,e,n)=>{const r=m(t,n);return void 0!==r?r:m(e,n)})(t,e,n);return!i&&o&&l(n)&&(i=j(t,n,r),void 0===i&&(i=j(e,n,r))),i},U=t=>t.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$");class _{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=E.create("interpolator"),this.options=t,this.format=t?.interpolation?.format||(t=>t),this.init(t)}init(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};t.interpolation||(t.interpolation={escapeValue:!0});const{escape:e,escapeValue:n,useRawValueToEscape:r,prefix:o,prefixEscaped:i,suffix:s,suffixEscaped:a,formatSeparator:u,unescapeSuffix:c,unescapePrefix:l,nestingPrefix:f,nestingPrefixEscaped:p,nestingSuffix:h,nestingSuffixEscaped:d,nestingOptionsSeparator:g,maxReplaces:v,alwaysFormat:y}=t.interpolation;this.escape=void 0!==e?e:O,this.escapeValue=void 0===n||n,this.useRawValueToEscape=void 0!==r&&r,this.prefix=o?x(o):i||"{{",this.suffix=s?x(s):a||"}}",this.formatSeparator=u||",",this.unescapePrefix=c?"":l||"-",this.unescapeSuffix=this.unescapePrefix?"":c||"",this.nestingPrefix=f?x(f):p||x("$t("),this.nestingSuffix=h?x(h):d||x(")"),this.nestingOptionsSeparator=g||",",this.maxReplaces=v||1e3,this.alwaysFormat=void 0!==y&&y,this.resetRegExp()}reset(){this.options&&this.init(this.options)}resetRegExp(){const t=(t,e)=>t?.source===e?(t.lastIndex=0,t):new RegExp(e,"g");this.regexp=t(this.regexp,`${this.prefix}(.+?)${this.suffix}`),this.regexpUnescape=t(this.regexpUnescape,`${this.prefix}${this.unescapePrefix}(.+?)${this.unescapeSuffix}${this.suffix}`),this.nestingRegexp=t(this.nestingRegexp,`${this.nestingPrefix}(.+?)${this.nestingSuffix}`)}interpolate(t,e,n,r){let o,i,s;const a=this.options&&this.options.interpolation&&this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables||{},u=t=>{if(t.indexOf(this.formatSeparator)<0){const o=V(e,a,t,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure);return this.alwaysFormat?this.format(o,void 0,n,{...r,...e,interpolationkey:t}):o}const o=t.split(this.formatSeparator),i=o.shift().trim(),s=o.join(this.formatSeparator).trim();return this.format(V(e,a,i,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure),s,n,{...r,...e,interpolationkey:i})};this.resetRegExp();const c=r?.missingInterpolationHandler||this.options.missingInterpolationHandler,f=void 0!==r?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?r.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;return[{regex:this.regexpUnescape,safeValue:t=>U(t)},{regex:this.regexp,safeValue:t=>this.escapeValue?U(this.escape(t)):U(t)}].forEach((e=>{for(s=0;o=e.regex.exec(t);){const n=o[1].trim();if(i=u(n),void 0===i)if("function"==typeof c){const e=c(t,o,r);i=l(e)?e:""}else if(r&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,n))i="";else{if(f){i=o[0];continue}this.logger.warn(`missed to pass in variable ${n} for interpolating ${t}`),i=""}else l(i)||this.useRawValueToEscape||(i=p(i));const a=e.safeValue(i);if(t=t.replace(o[0],a),f?(e.regex.lastIndex+=i.length,e.regex.lastIndex-=o[0].length):e.regex.lastIndex=0,s++,s>=this.maxReplaces)break}})),t}nest(t,e){let n,r,o,i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const s=(t,e)=>{const n=this.nestingOptionsSeparator;if(t.indexOf(n)<0)return t;const r=t.split(new RegExp(`${n}[ ]*{`));let i=`{${r[1]}`;t=r[0],i=this.interpolate(i,o);const s=i.match(/'/g),a=i.match(/"/g);((s?.length??0)%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(i=i.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{o=JSON.parse(i),e&&(o={...e,...o})}catch(e){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${t}`,e),`${t}${n}${i}`}return o.defaultValue&&o.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete o.defaultValue,t};for(;n=this.nestingRegexp.exec(t);){let a=[];o={...i},o=o.replace&&!l(o.replace)?o.replace:o,o.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete o.defaultValue;let u=!1;if(-1!==n[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(n[1])){const t=n[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((t=>t.trim()));n[1]=t.shift(),a=t,u=!0}if(r=e(s.call(this,n[1].trim(),o),o),r&&n[0]===t&&!l(r))return r;l(r)||(r=p(r)),r||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${n[1]} for nesting ${t}`),r=""),u&&(r=a.reduce(((t,e)=>this.format(t,e,i.lng,{...i,interpolationkey:n[1].trim()})),r.trim())),t=t.replace(n[0],r),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return t}}const H=t=>{const e={};return(n,r,o)=>{let i=o;o&&o.interpolationkey&&o.formatParams&&o.formatParams[o.interpolationkey]&&o[o.interpolationkey]&&(i={...i,[o.interpolationkey]:void 0});const s=r+JSON.stringify(i);let a=e[s];return a||(a=t(L(r),o),e[s]=a),a(n)}};class K{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=E.create("formatter"),this.options=t,this.formats={number:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),currency:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e,style:"currency"});return t=>n.format(t)})),datetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),relativetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t,e.range||"day")})),list:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.ListFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)}))},this.init(t)}init(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};this.formatSeparator=e.interpolation.formatSeparator||","}add(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=e}addCached(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=H(e)}format(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const o=e.split(this.formatSeparator);if(o.length>1&&o[0].indexOf("(")>1&&o[0].indexOf(")")<0&&o.find((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1))){const t=o.findIndex((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1));o[0]=[o[0],...o.splice(1,t)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return o.reduce(((t,e)=>{const{formatName:o,formatOptions:i}=(t=>{let e=t.toLowerCase().trim();const n={};if(t.indexOf("(")>-1){const r=t.split("(");e=r[0].toLowerCase().trim();const o=r[1].substring(0,r[1].length-1);"currency"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.currency||(n.currency=o.trim()):"relativetime"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.range||(n.range=o.trim()):o.split(";").forEach((t=>{if(t){const[e,...r]=t.split(":"),o=r.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),i=e.trim();n[i]||(n[i]=o),"false"===o&&(n[i]=!1),"true"===o&&(n[i]=!0),isNaN(o)||(n[i]=parseInt(o,10))}}))}return{formatName:e,formatOptions:n}})(e);if(this.formats[o]){let e=t;try{const s=r?.formatParams?.[r.interpolationkey]||{},a=s.locale||s.lng||r.locale||r.lng||n;e=this.formats[o](t,a,{...i,...r,...s})}catch(t){this.logger.warn(t)}return e}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${o}`),t}),t)}}class z extends C{constructor(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};super(),this.backend=t,this.store=e,this.services=n,this.languageUtils=n.languageUtils,this.options=r,this.logger=E.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=r.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=r.maxRetries>=0?r.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=r.retryTimeout>=1?r.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend?.init?.(n,r.backend,r)}queueLoad(t,e,n,r){const o={},i={},s={},a={};return t.forEach((t=>{let r=!0;e.forEach((e=>{const s=`${t}|${e}`;!n.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(t,e)?this.state[s]=2:this.state[s]<0||(1===this.state[s]?void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0):(this.state[s]=1,r=!1,void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0),void 0===o[s]&&(o[s]=!0),void 0===a[e]&&(a[e]=!0)))})),r||(s[t]=!0)})),(Object.keys(o).length||Object.keys(i).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:i,pendingCount:Object.keys(i).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:r}),{toLoad:Object.keys(o),pending:Object.keys(i),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(s),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(t,e,n){const r=t.split("|"),o=r[0],i=r[1];e&&this.emit("failedLoading",o,i,e),!e&&n&&this.store.addResourceBundle(o,i,n,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[t]=e?-1:2,e&&n&&(this.state[t]=0);const s={};this.queue.forEach((n=>{((t,e,n)=>{const{obj:r,k:o}=v(t,e,Object);r[o]=r[o]||[],r[o].push(n)})(n.loaded,[o],i),((t,e)=>{void 0!==t.pending[e]&&(delete t.pending[e],t.pendingCount--)})(n,t),e&&n.errors.push(e),0!==n.pendingCount||n.done||(Object.keys(n.loaded).forEach((t=>{s[t]||(s[t]={});const e=n.loaded[t];e.length&&e.forEach((e=>{void 0===s[t][e]&&(s[t][e]=!0)}))})),n.done=!0,n.errors.length?n.callback(n.errors):n.callback())})),this.emit("loaded",s),this.queue=this.queue.filter((t=>!t.done))}read(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:0,o=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:this.retryTimeout,i=arguments.length>5?arguments[5]:void 0;if(!t.length)return i(null,{});if(this.readingCalls>=this.maxParallelReads)return void this.waitingReads.push({lng:t,ns:e,fcName:n,tried:r,wait:o,callback:i});this.readingCalls++;const s=(s,a)=>{if(this.readingCalls--,this.waitingReads.length>0){const t=this.waitingReads.shift();this.read(t.lng,t.ns,t.fcName,t.tried,t.wait,t.callback)}s&&a&&r<this.maxRetries?setTimeout((()=>{this.read.call(this,t,e,n,r+1,2*o,i)}),o):i(s,a)},a=this.backend[n].bind(this.backend);if(2!==a.length)return a(t,e,s);try{const n=a(t,e);n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,n)}catch(t){s(t)}}prepareLoading(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),r&&r();l(t)&&(t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t)),l(e)&&(e=[e]);const o=this.queueLoad(t,e,n,r);if(!o.toLoad.length)return o.pending.length||r(),null;o.toLoad.forEach((t=>{this.loadOne(t)}))}load(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{},n)}reload(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{reload:!0},n)}loadOne(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"";const n=t.split("|"),r=n[0],o=n[1];this.read(r,o,"read",void 0,void 0,((n,i)=>{n&&this.logger.warn(`${e}loading namespace ${o} for language ${r} failed`,n),!n&&i&&this.logger.log(`${e}loaded namespace ${o} for language ${r}`,i),this.loaded(t,n,i)}))}saveMissing(t,e,n,r,o){let i=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{},s=arguments.length>6&&void 0!==arguments[6]?arguments[6]:()=>{};if(!this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(e)){if(null!=n&&""!==n){if(this.backend?.create){const a={...i,isUpdate:o},u=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(u.length<6)try{let o;o=5===u.length?u(t,e,n,r,a):u(t,e,n,r),o&&"function"==typeof o.then?o.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,o)}catch(t){s(t)}else u(t,e,n,r,s,a)}t&&t[0]&&this.store.addResource(t[0],e,n,r)}}else this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${n}" as the namespace "${e}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")}}const B=()=>({debug:!1,initAsync:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:t=>{let e={};if("object"==typeof t[1]&&(e=t[1]),l(t[1])&&(e.defaultValue=t[1]),l(t[2])&&(e.tDescription=t[2]),"object"==typeof t[2]||"object"==typeof t[3]){const n=t[3]||t[2];Object.keys(n).forEach((t=>{e[t]=n[t]}))}return e},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:t=>t,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0}}),q=t=>(l(t.ns)&&(t.ns=[t.ns]),l(t.fallbackLng)&&(t.fallbackLng=[t.fallbackLng]),l(t.fallbackNS)&&(t.fallbackNS=[t.fallbackNS]),t.supportedLngs?.indexOf?.("cimode")<0&&(t.supportedLngs=t.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),"boolean"==typeof t.initImmediate&&(t.initAsync=t.initImmediate),t),G=()=>{};class J extends C{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},e=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;var n;if(super(),this.options=q(t),this.services={},this.logger=E,this.modules={external:[]},n=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(n)).forEach((t=>{"function"==typeof n[t]&&(n[t]=n[t].bind(n))})),e&&!this.isInitialized&&!t.isClone){if(!this.options.initAsync)return this.init(t,e),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(t,e)}),0)}}init(){var t=this;let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e={}),null==e.defaultNS&&e.ns&&(l(e.ns)?e.defaultNS=e.ns:e.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(e.defaultNS=e.ns[0]));const r=B();this.options={...r,...this.options,...q(e)},this.options.interpolation={...r.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation},void 0!==e.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=e.keySeparator),void 0!==e.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=e.nsSeparator);const o=t=>t?"function"==typeof t?new t:t:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let e;this.modules.logger?E.init(o(this.modules.logger),this.options):E.init(null,this.options),e=this.modules.formatter?this.modules.formatter:K;const n=new I(this.options);this.store=new N(this.options.resources,this.options);const i=this.services;i.logger=E,i.resourceStore=this.store,i.languageUtils=n,i.pluralResolver=new M(n,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),!e||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==r.interpolation.format||(i.formatter=o(e),i.formatter.init(i,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=i.formatter.format.bind(i.formatter)),i.interpolator=new _(this.options),i.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},i.backendConnector=new z(o(this.modules.backend),i.resourceStore,i,this.options),i.backendConnector.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(i.languageDetector=o(this.modules.languageDetector),i.languageDetector.init&&i.languageDetector.init(i,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(i.i18nFormat=o(this.modules.i18nFormat),i.i18nFormat.init&&i.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new T(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.external.forEach((t=>{t.init&&t.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,n||(n=G),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const t=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);t.length>0&&"dev"!==t[0]&&(this.options.lng=t[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments)}}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments),t}}));const i=f(),s=()=>{const t=(t,e)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),i.resolve(e),n(t,e)};if(this.languages&&!this.isInitialized)return t(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,t)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initAsync?s():setTimeout(s,0),i}loadResources(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:G;const n=l(t)?t:this.language;if("function"==typeof t&&(e=t),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if("cimode"===n?.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return e();const t=[],r=e=>{if(!e)return;if("cimode"===e)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e).forEach((e=>{"cimode"!==e&&t.indexOf(e)<0&&t.push(e)}))};if(n)r(n);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((t=>r(t)))}this.options.preload?.forEach?.((t=>r(t))),this.services.backendConnector.load(t,this.options.ns,(t=>{t||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),e(t)}))}else e(null)}reloadResources(t,e,n){const r=f();return"function"==typeof t&&(n=t,t=void 0),"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e=void 0),t||(t=this.languages),e||(e=this.options.ns),n||(n=G),this.services.backendConnector.reload(t,e,(t=>{r.resolve(),n(t)})),r}use(t){if(!t)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!t.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===t.type&&(this.modules.backend=t),("logger"===t.type||t.log&&t.warn&&t.error)&&(this.modules.logger=t),"languageDetector"===t.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=t),"i18nFormat"===t.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=t),"postProcessor"===t.type&&A.addPostProcessor(t),"formatter"===t.type&&(this.modules.formatter=t),"3rdParty"===t.type&&this.modules.external.push(t),this}setResolvedLanguage(t){if(t&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1))for(let t=0;t<this.languages.length;t++){const e=this.languages[t];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(e)){this.resolvedLanguage=e;break}}}changeLanguage(t,e){var n=this;this.isLanguageChangingTo=t;const r=f();this.emit("languageChanging",t);const o=t=>{this.language=t,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(t)},i=(t,i)=>{i?(o(i),this.translator.changeLanguage(i),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",i),this.logger.log("languageChanged",i)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,r.resolve((function(){return n.t(...arguments)})),e&&e(t,(function(){return n.t(...arguments)}))},s=e=>{t||e||!this.services.languageDetector||(e=[]);const n=l(e)?e:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(e);n&&(this.language||o(n),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(n),this.services.languageDetector?.cacheUserLanguage?.(n)),this.loadResources(n,(t=>{i(t,n)}))};return t||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!t&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(s):this.services.languageDetector.detect(s):s(t):s(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),r}getFixedT(t,e,n){var r=this;const o=function(t,e){let i;if("object"!=typeof e){for(var s=arguments.length,a=new Array(s>2?s-2:0),u=2;u<s;u++)a[u-2]=arguments[u];i=r.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([t,e].concat(a))}else i={...e};i.lng=i.lng||o.lng,i.lngs=i.lngs||o.lngs,i.ns=i.ns||o.ns,""!==i.keyPrefix&&(i.keyPrefix=i.keyPrefix||n||o.keyPrefix);const c=r.options.keySeparator||".";let l;return l=i.keyPrefix&&Array.isArray(t)?t.map((t=>`${i.keyPrefix}${c}${t}`)):i.keyPrefix?`${i.keyPrefix}${c}${t}`:t,r.t(l,i)};return l(t)?o.lng=t:o.lngs=t,o.ns=e,o.keyPrefix=n,o}t(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.translator?.translate(...e)}exists(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.translator?.exists(...e)}setDefaultNamespace(t){this.options.defaultNS=t}hasLoadedNamespace(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(!this.isInitialized)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not initialized",this.languages),!1;if(!this.languages||!this.languages.length)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18n.languages were undefined or empty",this.languages),!1;const n=e.lng||this.resolvedLanguage||this.languages[0],r=!!this.options&&this.options.fallbackLng,o=this.languages[this.languages.length-1];if("cimode"===n.toLowerCase())return!0;const i=(t,e)=>{const n=this.services.backendConnector.state[`${t}|${e}`];return-1===n||0===n||2===n};if(e.precheck){const t=e.precheck(this,i);if(void 0!==t)return t}return!!this.hasResourceBundle(n,t)||(!(this.services.backendConnector.backend&&(!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages))||!(!i(n,t)||r&&!i(o,t)))}loadNamespaces(t,e){const n=f();return this.options.ns?(l(t)&&(t=[t]),t.forEach((t=>{this.options.ns.indexOf(t)<0&&this.options.ns.push(t)})),this.loadResources((t=>{n.resolve(),e&&e(t)})),n):(e&&e(),Promise.resolve())}loadLanguages(t,e){const n=f();l(t)&&(t=[t]);const r=this.options.preload||[],o=t.filter((t=>r.indexOf(t)<0&&this.services.languageUtils.isSupportedCode(t)));return o.length?(this.options.preload=r.concat(o),this.loadResources((t=>{n.resolve(),e&&e(t)})),n):(e&&e(),Promise.resolve())}dir(t){if(t||(t=this.resolvedLanguage||(this.languages?.length>0?this.languages[0]:this.language)),!t)return"rtl";const e=this.services?.languageUtils||new I(B());return["ar","shu","sqr","ssh","xaa","yhd","yud","aao","abh","abv","acm","acq","acw","acx","acy","adf","ads","aeb","aec","afb","ajp","apc","apd","arb","arq","ars","ary","arz","auz","avl","ayh","ayl","ayn","ayp","bbz","pga","he","iw","ps","pbt","pbu","pst","prp","prd","ug","ur","ydd","yds","yih","ji","yi","hbo","men","xmn","fa","jpr","peo","pes","prs","dv","sam","ckb"].indexOf(e.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))>-1||t.toLowerCase().indexOf("-arab")>1?"rtl":"ltr"}static createInstance(){return new J(arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0)}cloneInstance(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:G;const n=t.forkResourceStore;n&&delete t.forkResourceStore;const r={...this.options,...t,isClone:!0},o=new J(r);void 0===t.debug&&void 0===t.prefix||(o.logger=o.logger.clone(t));if(["store","services","language"].forEach((t=>{o[t]=this[t]})),o.services={...this.services},o.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:o.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(o)},n){const t=Object.keys(this.store.data).reduce(((t,e)=>(t[e]={...this.store.data[e]},Object.keys(t[e]).reduce(((n,r)=>(n[r]={...t[e][r]},n)),{}))),{});o.store=new N(t,r),o.services.resourceStore=o.store}return o.translator=new T(o.services,r),o.translator.on("*",(function(t){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e>1?e-1:0),r=1;r<e;r++)n[r-1]=arguments[r];o.emit(t,...n)})),o.init(r,e),o.translator.options=r,o.translator.backendConnector.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:o.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(o)},o}toJSON(){return{options:this.options,store:this.store,language:this.language,languages:this.languages,resolvedLanguage:this.resolvedLanguage}}}const X=J.createInstance();X.createInstance=J.createInstance;X.createInstance,X.dir,X.init,X.loadResources,X.reloadResources,X.use,X.changeLanguage,X.getFixedT,X.t,X.exists,X.setDefaultNamespace,X.hasLoadedNamespace,X.loadNamespaces,X.loadLanguages;var W=n(64467);function Y(t,e){var n=Object.keys(t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);e&&(r=r.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function Q(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=null!=arguments[e]?arguments[e]:{};e%2?Y(Object(n),!0).forEach((function(e){(0,W.A)(t,e,n[e])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(n)):Y(Object(n)).forEach((function(e){Object.defineProperty(t,e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,e))}))}return t}var Z=function(){function t(e){(0,r.A)(this,t),this.store=e.store}return(0,o.A)(t,[{key:"setItem",value:function(t,e){if(this.store)try{this.store.setItem(t,e)}catch(t){}}},{key:"getItem",value:function(t,e){if(this.store)try{return this.store.getItem(t,e)}catch(t){}}}]),t}();var tt=function(){function t(e){var n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};(0,r.A)(this,t),this.init(e,n),this.type="backend"}return(0,o.A)(t,[{key:"init",value:function(t){var e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.services=t,this.options=Q(Q(Q({},function(){var t=null;try{t=window.localStorage}catch(t){"undefined"!=typeof window&&console.log("Failed to load local storage.",t)}return{prefix:"i18next_res_",expirationTime:6048e5,defaultVersion:void 0,versions:{},store:t}}()),this.options),e),this.storage=new Z(this.options)}},{key:"read",value:function(t,e,n){var r=Date.now();if(!this.storage.store)return n(null,null);var o=this.storage.getItem("".concat(this.options.prefix).concat(t,"-").concat(e));if(o){o=JSON.parse(o);var i=this.getVersion(t);if(o.i18nStamp&&o.i18nStamp+this.options.expirationTime>r&&i===o.i18nVersion){var s=o.i18nStamp;return delete o.i18nVersion,delete o.i18nStamp,n(null,o,s)}}return n(null,null)}},{key:"save",value:function(t,e,n){if(this.storage.store){n.i18nStamp=Date.now();var r=this.getVersion(t);r&&(n.i18nVersion=r),this.storage.setItem("".concat(this.options.prefix).concat(t,"-").concat(e),JSON.stringify(n))}}},{key:"getVersion",value:function(t){return this.options.versions[t]||this.options.defaultVersion}}]),t}();tt.type="backend";var et=n(62046),nt=n(80030),rt=n(82284),ot=[],it=ot.forEach,st=ot.slice;function at(t,e){if(e&&"object"===(0,rt.A)(e)){var n="",r=encodeURIComponent;for(var o in e)n+="&"+r(o)+"="+r(e[o]);if(!n)return t;t=t+(-1!==t.indexOf("?")?"&":"?")+n.slice(1)}return t}function ut(t,e,n,r,o){r&&"object"===(0,rt.A)(r)&&(o||(r._t=new Date),r=at("",r).slice(1)),e.queryStringParams&&(t=at(t,e.queryStringParams));try{var i;(i=XMLHttpRequest?new XMLHttpRequest:new ActiveXObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP.3.0")).open(r?"POST":"GET",t,1),e.crossDomain||i.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest"),i.withCredentials=!!e.withCredentials,r&&i.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),i.overrideMimeType&&i.overrideMimeType("application/json");var s=e.customHeaders;if(s="function"==typeof s?s():s)for(var a in s)i.setRequestHeader(a,s[a]);i.onreadystatechange=function(){i.readyState>3&&n&&n(i.responseText,i)},i.send(r)}catch(t){console&&console.log(t)}}var ct=function(){function t(e){var n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};(0,r.A)(this,t),this.init(e,n),this.type="backend"}return(0,o.A)(t,[{key:"init",value:function(t){var e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.services=t,this.options=function(t){return it.call(st.call(arguments,1),(function(e){if(e)for(var n in e)void 0===t[n]&&(t[n]=e[n])})),t}(e,this.options||{},{loadPath:"/locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json",addPath:"/locales/add/{{lng}}/{{ns}}",allowMultiLoading:!1,parse:JSON.parse,parsePayload:function(t,e,n){return(0,W.A)({},e,n||"")},crossDomain:!1,ajax:ut})}},{key:"readMulti",value:function(t,e,n){var r=this.options.loadPath;"function"==typeof this.options.loadPath&&(r=this.options.loadPath(t,e));var o=this.services.interpolator.interpolate(r,{lng:t.join("+"),ns:e.join("+")});this.loadUrl(o,n)}},{key:"read",value:function(t,e,n){var r=this.options.loadPath;"function"==typeof this.options.loadPath&&(r=this.options.loadPath([t],[e]));var o=this.services.interpolator.interpolate(r,{lng:t,ns:e});this.loadUrl(o,n)}},{key:"loadUrl",value:function(t,e){var n=this;this.options.ajax(t,this.options,(function(r,o){if(o.status>=500&&o.status<600)return e("failed loading "+t,!0);if(o.status>=400&&o.status<500)return e("failed loading "+t,!1);var i,s;try{i=n.options.parse(r,t)}catch(e){s="failed parsing "+t+" to json"}if(s)return e(s,!1);e(null,i)}))}},{key:"create",value:function(t,e,n,r){var o=this;"string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]);var i=this.options.parsePayload(e,n,r);t.forEach((function(t){var n=o.services.interpolator.interpolate(o.options.addPath,{lng:t,ns:e});o.options.ajax(n,o.options,(function(t,e){}),i)}))}}]),t}();ct.type="backend";var lt=ct;function ft(t){return ft="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t},ft(t)}function pt(t,e,n){return(e=dt(e))in t?Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):t[e]=n,t}function ht(t,e){for(var n=0;n<e.length;n++){var r=e[n];r.enumerable=r.enumerable||!1,r.configurable=!0,"value"in r&&(r.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(t,dt(r.key),r)}}function dt(t){var e=function(t,e){if("object"!=ft(t)||!t)return t;var n=t[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==n){var r=n.call(t,e||"default");if("object"!=ft(r))return r;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===e?String:Number)(t)}(t,"string");return"symbol"==ft(e)?e:e+""}var gt=function(){function t(){!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t)}return function(t,e,n){e&&ht(t.prototype,e),n&&ht(t,n),Object.defineProperty(t,"prototype",{writable:!1})}(t,null,[{key:"init",value:function(t,e,n,r){var o=[];(0,et.A)()&&o.push(tt),o.push(lt),X.use(c).init({backend:{backends:o,backendOptions:[{versions:pt({},e,t)},{crossDomain:n,loadPath:t}]},lng:e},(function(t){t&&t.length&&(0,nt.A)("/no_js_locale?message=".concat(t[0]));try{r()}catch(t){throw(0,nt.A)("/js_init_failure?message=".concat(t)),t}}))}},{key:"t",value:function(){return X.t.apply(X,arguments)||(arguments.length<=0?void 0:arguments[0])}}]),t}()},84270:function(t,e,n){var r=n(69565),o=n(94901),i=n(20034),s=TypeError;t.exports=function(t,e){var n,a;if("string"===e&&o(n=t.toString)&&!i(a=r(n,t)))return a;if(o(n=t.valueOf)&&!i(a=r(n,t)))return a;if("string"!==e&&o(n=t.toString)&&!i(a=r(n,t)))return a;throw new s("Can't convert object to primitive value")}},87433:function(t,e,n){var r=n(34376),o=n(33517),i=n(20034),s=n(78227)("species"),a=Array;t.exports=function(t){var e;return r(t)&&(e=t.constructor,(o(e)&&(e===a||r(e.prototype))||i(e)&&null===(e=e[s]))&&(e=void 0)),void 0===e?a:e}},88727:function(t){t.exports=["constructor","hasOwnProperty","isPrototypeOf","propertyIsEnumerable","toLocaleString","toString","valueOf"]},89463:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46518),o=n(43724),i=n(44576),s=n(79504),a=n(39297),u=n(94901),c=n(1625),l=n(655),f=n(62106),p=n(77740),h=i.Symbol,d=h&&h.prototype;if(o&&u(h)&&(!("description"in d)||void 0!==h().description)){var g={},v=function(){var t=arguments.length<1||void 0===arguments[0]?void 0:l(arguments[0]),e=c(d,this)?new h(t):void 0===t?h():h(t);return""===t&&(g[e]=!0),e};p(v,h),v.prototype=d,d.constructor=v;var y="Symbol(description detection)"===String(h("description detection")),m=s(d.valueOf),b=s(d.toString),x=/^Symbol\((.*)\)[^)]+$/,S=s("".replace),O=s("".slice);f(d,"description",{configurable:!0,get:function(){var t=m(this);if(a(g,t))return"";var e=b(t),n=y?O(e,7,-1):S(e,x,"$1");return""===n?void 0:n}}),r({global:!0,constructor:!0,forced:!0},{Symbol:v})}},89572:function(t,e,n){var r=n(39297),o=n(36840),i=n(53640),s=n(78227)("toPrimitive"),a=Date.prototype;r(a,s)||o(a,s,i)},91181:function(t,e,n){var r,o,i,s=n(58622),a=n(44576),u=n(20034),c=n(66699),l=n(39297),f=n(77629),p=n(66119),h=n(30421),d="Object already initialized",g=a.TypeError,v=a.WeakMap;if(s||f.state){var y=f.state||(f.state=new v);y.get=y.get,y.has=y.has,y.set=y.set,r=function(t,e){if(y.has(t))throw new g(d);return e.facade=t,y.set(t,e),e},o=function(t){return y.get(t)||{}},i=function(t){return y.has(t)}}else{var m=p("state");h[m]=!0,r=function(t,e){if(l(t,m))throw new g(d);return e.facade=t,c(t,m,e),e},o=function(t){return l(t,m)?t[m]:{}},i=function(t){return l(t,m)}}t.exports={set:r,get:o,has:i,enforce:function(t){return i(t)?o(t):r(t,{})},getterFor:function(t){return function(e){var n;if(!u(e)||(n=o(e)).type!==t)throw new g("Incompatible receiver, "+t+" required");return n}}}},91291:function(t,e,n){var r=n(80741);t.exports=function(t){var e=+t;return e!=e||0===e?0:r(e)}},91296:function(t,e,n){var r=n(4495);t.exports=r&&!!Symbol.for&&!!Symbol.keyFor},92140:function(t,e,n){var r={};r[n(78227)("toStringTag")]="z",t.exports="[object z]"===String(r)},92796:function(t,e,n){var r=n(79039),o=n(94901),i=/#|\.prototype\./,s=function(t,e){var n=u[a(t)];return n===l||n!==c&&(o(e)?r(e):!!e)},a=s.normalize=function(t){return String(t).replace(i,".").toLowerCase()},u=s.data={},c=s.NATIVE="N",l=s.POLYFILL="P";t.exports=s},92901:function(t,e,n){n.d(e,{A:function(){return i}});var r=n(20816);function o(t,e){for(var n=0;n<e.length;n++){var o=e[n];o.enumerable=o.enumerable||!1,o.configurable=!0,"value"in o&&(o.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(t,(0,r.A)(o.key),o)}}function i(t,e,n){return e&&o(t.prototype,e),n&&o(t,n),Object.defineProperty(t,"prototype",{writable:!1}),t}},94901:function(t){var e="object"==typeof document&&document.all;t.exports=void 0===e&&void 0!==e?function(t){return"function"==typeof t||t===e}:function(t){return"function"==typeof t}},96395:function(t){t.exports=!1},96801:function(t,e,n){var r=n(43724),o=n(48686),i=n(24913),s=n(28551),a=n(25397),u=n(71072);e.f=r&&!o?Object.defineProperties:function(t,e){s(t);for(var n,r=a(e),o=u(e),c=o.length,l=0;c>l;)i.f(t,n=o[l++],r[n]);return t}},97751:function(t,e,n){var r=n(44576),o=n(94901);t.exports=function(t,e){return arguments.length<2?(n=r[t],o(n)?n:void 0):r[t]&&r[t][e];var n}},97812:function(t,e,n){var r=n(46518),o=n(39297),i=n(10757),s=n(16823),a=n(25745),u=n(91296),c=a("symbol-to-string-registry");r({target:"Symbol",stat:!0,forced:!u},{keyFor:function(t){if(!i(t))throw new TypeError(s(t)+" is not a symbol");if(o(c,t))return c[t]}})}},function(t){var e;e=51250,t(t.s=e)}]); //# sourceMappingURL=i18n_init-0a5aa5a75b5263be23e2.js.map //]]> </script> <script src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/runtime-f0fa7b01ee50d9e57ac5.js"></script> <script>window.tentacles = { apiToken: "zu0fth1pwaw4xbz53mh0yl3ik80ndct1" };</script> <script src="https://tentacles.smartocto.com/ten/tentacle.js" type="didomi/javascript" data-vendor="c:smartocto-GJ7CA7CP"></script> </body> </html>