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<div class="logo grid-three"> <img itemprop="logo" src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/3770/logos/logo-1543591849.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=170&h=170" /> </div> <div class="description grid-nine"> <p>La Universidad Pontificia Comillas es una universidad de la Iglesia, dirigida desde hace más de un siglo por la Compañía de Jesús, la institución privada que cuenta con más universidades en el mundo. </p> <p>Siempre ha conjugado la experiencia educativa de su tradición con la actualización continua que los cambios sociales exigen. </p> <p>Entre los pilares de la propuesta educativa de Comillas destacan el rigor académico, la atención personalizada a los alumnos (es líder europeo en compromiso con el alumno, según Times Higher Education 2018), la formación integral, una conciencia social avanzada, la internacionalización (casi 600 convenios con universidades de todo el mundo) y una idea de investigación orientada a la innovación y el retorno social.</p> </div> <section class="grid-four grid-last"> <h4 class="legacy">Links</h4> <ul class="article-list"> <li class="article"> <a itemprop="url" href="https://www.comillas.edu">Visit comillas.edu</a> </li> <li class="article"> <a href="/become-an-author">Are you an expert from this institution? Register to write</a> </li> <li class="feed"> <a href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770/articles.atom"> <i class="icon-rss"></i> Article Feed </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> <nav id="tabbed-navigation" class="tabbed tabbed-section-navigation"> <a class="tab active" href="#articles">Articles</a> <a class="tab" href="#contributors">Authors</a> </nav> <div class="institution-page sm-display-articles"> <div class="grid-ten large-grid-eight"> <section id="articles"> <h3 class="border">Displaying 1 - 20 of 330 articles</h3> <div class="content-list"> <article data-id="249105" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="La ultraderecha avanza en Alemania, pero la democracia no está al borde del abismo" href="/la-ultraderecha-avanza-en-alemania-pero-la-democracia-no-esta-al-borde-del-abismo-249105"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:48.50299401197605%;--background-color:#512d53"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/648048/original/file-20250210-17-jpfoub.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=65%2C915%2C6081%2C3035&q=45&auto=format&w=668&h=324&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="648048"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Manifestación en contra del partido de extrema derecha Alternativa para Alemania el pasado 24 de enero en Frankfurt. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Ryan Nash Photography/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-02-11T19:16:33Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 11, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/la-ultraderecha-avanza-en-alemania-pero-la-democracia-no-esta-al-borde-del-abismo-249105">La ultraderecha avanza en Alemania, pero la democracia no está al borde del abismo</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jose-manuel-saenz-rotko-1274323">José Manuel Sáenz Rotko</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Las manifestaciones multitudinarias en defensa del cordón sanitario contra Alternativa para Alemania son reflejo de la creciente polarización política, al tiempo que demuestran la buena salud de la democracia en Alemania.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="247120" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Cultura empresarial ‘con alma’: la respuesta a la falta de propósito de los trabajadores" href="/cultura-empresarial-con-alma-la-respuesta-a-la-falta-de-proposito-de-los-trabajadores-247120"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#ac6956"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/644176/original/file-20250122-15-81dtga.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=897%2C0%2C3502%2C3502&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="644176"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-31T07:59:12Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 31, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/cultura-empresarial-con-alma-la-respuesta-a-la-falta-de-proposito-de-los-trabajadores-247120">Cultura empresarial ‘con alma’: la respuesta a la falta de propósito de los trabajadores</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/simon-dolan-landau-1490065">Simon Dolan Landau</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pedro-cesar-martinez-moran-1034186">Pedro César Martínez Morán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>¿Tienen ‘alma’ las empresas? ¿Se puede cultivar? ¿Cuánto contribuye al bienestar de sus trabajadores, y qué papel tienen los directivos?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="248639" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Inteligencia artificial: ¿estamos ante una nueva burbuja tecnológica?" href="/inteligencia-artificial-estamos-ante-una-nueva-burbuja-tecnologica-248639"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#6f90b1"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/645900/original/file-20250130-25-1twe4a.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=954%2C0%2C3234%2C3234&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="645900"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Nicoleta Ionescu/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-30T19:02:36Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 30, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/inteligencia-artificial-estamos-ante-una-nueva-burbuja-tecnologica-248639">Inteligencia artificial: ¿estamos ante una nueva burbuja tecnológica?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/eszter-wirth-874292">Eszter Wirth</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>La irrupción de DeepSeek en el mercado de la inteligencia artificial ha generado una profunda sorpresa en el ámbito tecnológico y geoeconómico.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="248516" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="DeepSeek: tudo sobre a bomba chinesa que está derrubando o ChatGPT, a NVIDIA e as grandes empresas de tecnologia dos EUA" href="/deepseek-tudo-sobre-a-bomba-chinesa-que-esta-derrubando-o-chatgpt-a-nvidia-e-as-grandes-empresas-de-tecnologia-dos-eua-248516"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#2c4153"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/645316/original/file-20250128-19-xud1l1.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=636%2C0%2C3330%2C3330&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="645316"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Recém-lançada, a Inteligência Articial chinesa DeepSeek consegue funcionar exatamente como o ChatGPT - ou até melhor - com muito menos complexidade de hardware, menos custos e oferecendo seus serviços de graça e com código aberto. </span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-28T18:41:38Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 28, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/deepseek-tudo-sobre-a-bomba-chinesa-que-esta-derrubando-o-chatgpt-a-nvidia-e-as-grandes-empresas-de-tecnologia-dos-eua-248516">DeepSeek: tudo sobre a bomba chinesa que está derrubando o ChatGPT, a NVIDIA e as grandes empresas de tecnologia dos EUA</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/eduardo-cesar-garrido-merchan-2310200">Eduardo César Garrido Merchán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Como a IA chinesa recém-lançada consegue funcionar exatamente como o ChatGPT - e até melhor - com muito menos complexidade de hardware, menos custos, oferecendo seus serviços de graça e com código aberto?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="248458" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="DeepSeek: todas las claves de la bomba china que tumba a ChatGPT, NVIDIA y las Big Tech norteamericanas" href="/deepseek-todas-las-claves-de-la-bomba-china-que-tumba-a-chatgpt-nvidia-y-las-big-tech-norteamericanas-248458"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#010201"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/645242/original/file-20250128-15-bctnp3.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=872%2C21%2C3964%2C3964&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="645242"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Mamun_Sheikh/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-28T14:27:09Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 28, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/deepseek-todas-las-claves-de-la-bomba-china-que-tumba-a-chatgpt-nvidia-y-las-big-tech-norteamericanas-248458">DeepSeek: todas las claves de la bomba china que tumba a ChatGPT, NVIDIA y las Big Tech norteamericanas</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/eduardo-cesar-garrido-merchan-2310200">Eduardo César Garrido Merchán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>China bate a las grandes tecnológicas norteamericanas con el desarrollo de DeepSeek, una IA de código abierto que funciona igual que ChatGPT.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="244570" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="El bulo sobre dinosaurios que triunfa desde hace décadas" href="/el-bulo-sobre-dinosaurios-que-triunfa-desde-hace-decadas-244570"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a57159"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/638593/original/file-20241214-15-u30hyu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=134%2C74%2C2717%2C2717&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="638593"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Recreación 3D de esqueletos de dinosaurios acumulados. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Denis---S/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-15T18:39:50Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 15, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/el-bulo-sobre-dinosaurios-que-triunfa-desde-hace-decadas-244570">El bulo sobre dinosaurios que triunfa desde hace décadas</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/arancha-larranaga-1505846">Arancha Larrañaga</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Una campaña publicitaria reciente ha relacionado a los dinosaurios con el petróleo. Este bulo científico sirve como ejemplo del éxito de los atajos mentales para generar ideas que perduran.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242420" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Liderazgo emprendedor: ¿lo que las empresas españolas necesitan para impulsar la innovación?" href="/liderazgo-emprendedor-lo-que-las-empresas-espanolas-necesitan-para-impulsar-la-innovacion-242420"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#344963"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/637294/original/file-20241209-17-5dras0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=810%2C0%2C4873%2C4873&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="637294"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">PeopleImages.com - Yuri A/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-12-12T08:15:41Z" data-format="tc_date"> December 12, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/liderazgo-emprendedor-lo-que-las-empresas-espanolas-necesitan-para-impulsar-la-innovacion-242420">Liderazgo emprendedor: ¿lo que las empresas españolas necesitan para impulsar la innovación?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/inge-birkbak-larsen-1556020">Inge Birkbak Larsen</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>El líder emprendedor combina su papel de liderazgo con la mentalidad y el comportamiento de un emprendedor. Con este enfoque dual, buscan y desarrollan oportunidades a la vez que guían a sus equipos.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241960" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Absentismo y presentismo laboral, dos extremos que merman la productividad económica" href="/absentismo-y-presentismo-laboral-dos-extremos-que-merman-la-productividad-economica-241960"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#ae7254"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/634460/original/file-20241126-15-xumk9i.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1084%2C0%2C4709%2C4709&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="634460"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">PeopleImages.com - Yuri A/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-12-05T18:15:24Z" data-format="tc_date"> December 5, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/absentismo-y-presentismo-laboral-dos-extremos-que-merman-la-productividad-economica-241960">Absentismo y presentismo laboral, dos extremos que merman la productividad económica</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/simon-dolan-landau-1490065">Simon Dolan Landau</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pedro-cesar-martinez-moran-1034186">Pedro César Martínez Morán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Tan negativa es la ausencia reiterada de un trabajador en su puesto de trabajo (absentismo) como obligarle a asistir pase lo que pase, sin que tenga capacidad de rendir por su salud física o mental.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241651" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Por qué el poder nos transforma" href="/por-que-el-poder-nos-transforma-241651"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#573f2e"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/631517/original/file-20241112-15-9f56zu.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=449%2C89%2C5508%2C5508&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="631517"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Master1305/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-14T18:45:05Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 14, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/por-que-el-poder-nos-transforma-241651">Por qué el poder nos transforma</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/fernando-diez-ruiz-689857">Fernando Díez Ruiz</a>, <em>Universidad de Deusto</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pedro-cesar-martinez-moran-1034186">Pedro César Martínez Morán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Cuando se acumula mucho poder, la ética personal se pone a prueba. Pero ¿qué es exactamente ser poderoso?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242287" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="La relativa resiliencia de los mercados de hidrocarburos frente a las tensiones en Oriente Medio" href="/la-relativa-resiliencia-de-los-mercados-de-hidrocarburos-frente-a-las-tensiones-en-oriente-medio-242287"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#7294a8"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/628466/original/file-20241028-15-4vngrt.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=772%2C0%2C3997%2C3997&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="628466"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Ataque aéreo israelí en los suburbios del sur de Beirut, Líbano. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Ali Chehade Farhat/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-29T17:38:28Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 29, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/la-relativa-resiliencia-de-los-mercados-de-hidrocarburos-frente-a-las-tensiones-en-oriente-medio-242287">La relativa resiliencia de los mercados de hidrocarburos frente a las tensiones en Oriente Medio</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/eszter-wirth-874292">Eszter Wirth</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>La promesa de Israel a Estados Unidos de no atacar infraestructuras o campos petrolíferos en Irán, que exporta 1,7 millones de barriles diarios, ha logrado mantener en calma los mercados energéticos.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241923" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="El F. C. Barcelona se debate entre la resurrección y la quiebra, a pesar de sus palancas económicas" href="/el-f-c-barcelona-se-debate-entre-la-resurreccion-y-la-quiebra-a-pesar-de-sus-palancas-economicas-241923"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#512c59"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/627784/original/file-20241023-23-cg05u7.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=492%2C0%2C1501%2C1500&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="627784"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Asamblea General Ordinaria del FC Barcelona celebrada el 19 de octubre. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">FC Barcelona</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-24T17:03:27Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 24, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/el-f-c-barcelona-se-debate-entre-la-resurreccion-y-la-quiebra-a-pesar-de-sus-palancas-economicas-241923">El F. C. Barcelona se debate entre la resurrección y la quiebra, a pesar de sus palancas económicas</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jorge-martin-magdalena-1290623">Jorge Martín Magdalena</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>EL F. C. Barcelona sigue al borde de la quiebra. Las cuentas de 2024 revelan claroscuros en las palancas económicas y un insuficiente control de gastos. El nuevo estadio puede traer la salvación.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="240852" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="De las 40 horas semanales del siglo XX a la flexibilidad laboral del XXI" href="/de-las-40-horas-semanales-del-siglo-xx-a-la-flexibilidad-laboral-del-xxi-240852"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#45413e"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/625109/original/file-20241011-15-3mtxr5.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=215%2C0%2C1601%2C1600&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="625109"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Campaña de las 8 horas laborales en Dinamarca. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Wikimedia Commons</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-17T17:45:38Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 17, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/de-las-40-horas-semanales-del-siglo-xx-a-la-flexibilidad-laboral-del-xxi-240852">De las 40 horas semanales del siglo XX a la flexibilidad laboral del XXI</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pedro-cesar-martinez-moran-1034186">Pedro César Martínez Morán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/fernando-diez-ruiz-689857">Fernando Díez Ruiz</a>, <em>Universidad de Deusto</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Los trabajadores quieren autonomía y flexibilidad para organizar su plan de trabajo y sus horarios.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241111" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Nobel de Economía 2024: transformando la decadencia en prosperidad" href="/nobel-de-economia-2024-transformando-la-decadencia-en-prosperidad-241111"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#b1966f"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/625624/original/file-20241014-17-yezegy.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=74%2C4%2C545%2C545&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="625624"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson y James A. Robinson. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Niklas Elmehed/Nobel Prize Outreach</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-14T13:38:44Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 14, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/nobel-de-economia-2024-transformando-la-decadencia-en-prosperidad-241111">Nobel de Economía 2024: transformando la decadencia en prosperidad</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/luis-garvia-vega-767372">Luis Garvía Vega</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Este año, la Academia sueca ha reconocido los estudios de Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson y James A. Robinson sobre la importancia de contar con instituciones que promuevan el crecimiento económico y la equidad social.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="239684" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="La inmigración vuelve a ser la gran preocupación de los españoles y se sigue asociando con inseguridad" href="/la-inmigracion-vuelve-a-ser-la-gran-preocupacion-de-los-espanoles-y-se-sigue-asociando-con-inseguridad-239684"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#5ca8a0"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/624287/original/file-20241008-15-s38jbx.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1512%2C0%2C3019%2C3019&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="624287"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Davide Bonaldo/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-08T17:43:37Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 8, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/la-inmigracion-vuelve-a-ser-la-gran-preocupacion-de-los-espanoles-y-se-sigue-asociando-con-inseguridad-239684">La inmigración vuelve a ser la gran preocupación de los españoles y se sigue asociando con inseguridad</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/cecilia-estrada-villasenor-683466">Cecilia Estrada Villaseñor</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>La inmigración es nuevamente la principal preocupación en España, lo que refleja fallos en la gestión migratoria y la percepción pública. La saturación en Canarias expone la fragilidad del sistema de acogida y su gestión.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="240718" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="¿Cuánto nos cuesta la violencia sexual contra la infancia?" href="/cuanto-nos-cuesta-la-violencia-sexual-contra-la-infancia-240718"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#ae6c55"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/623912/original/file-20241007-17-rwu03u.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1170%2C0%2C3455%2C3455&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="623912"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-07T20:56:32Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 7, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/cuanto-nos-cuesta-la-violencia-sexual-contra-la-infancia-240718">¿Cuánto nos cuesta la violencia sexual contra la infancia?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/laura-barroso-gonzalo-2229355">Laura Barroso Gonzalo</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Una investigación ha puesto cifras, por primera vez en España, al coste de la violencia sexual infantil. En concreto, supone en torno a 4.500 millones de euros, el 0,31% del PIB. Casi uno de cada cinco niños sufre violencia sexual.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="239439" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Economía y longevidad: ¿estamos preparados para la transición demográfica?" href="/economia-y-longevidad-estamos-preparados-para-la-transicion-demografica-239439"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#6195ad"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/621400/original/file-20240924-18-rx2ck4.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=844%2C0%2C3997%2C3997&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="621400"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Sogane/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-30T20:54:39Z" data-format="tc_date"> September 30, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/economia-y-longevidad-estamos-preparados-para-la-transicion-demografica-239439">Economía y longevidad: ¿estamos preparados para la transición demográfica?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-roch-dupre-2215106">David Roch Dupré</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/elisa-aracil-861795">Elisa Aracil</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pablo-calvo-bascones-2215114">Pablo Calvo Báscones</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>El Senior Economy Tracker (SET) es el primer indicador que permite evaluar de forma integral cómo se adaptan los países al reto demográfico.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="239709" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Cómo la flexibilidad laboral está transformando nuestras vidas" href="/como-la-flexibilidad-laboral-esta-transformando-nuestras-vidas-239709"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a99067"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/621203/original/file-20240923-16-dqhrx1.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=983%2C0%2C3709%2C3709&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="621203"></div> </a> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-25T07:10:26Z" data-format="tc_date"> September 25, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/como-la-flexibilidad-laboral-esta-transformando-nuestras-vidas-239709">Cómo la flexibilidad laboral está transformando nuestras vidas</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/fernando-diez-ruiz-689857">Fernando Díez Ruiz</a>, <em>Universidad de Deusto</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pedro-cesar-martinez-moran-1034186">Pedro César Martínez Morán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Cada vez más empleados demandan gestionar su tiempo de trabajo de manera independiente. Priorizando la productividad y la conciliación, es posible que un horario flexible sea bueno para todos.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="239359" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Amazon anuncia el fin del teletrabajo para sus empleados, ¿retroceso sin sentido o evolución necesaria?" href="/amazon-anuncia-el-fin-del-teletrabajo-para-sus-empleados-retroceso-sin-sentido-o-evolucion-necesaria-239359"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#654c3a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/620581/original/file-20240919-19-47gagd.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=557%2C99%2C3221%2C3221&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="620581"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Hadrian/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-19T21:50:59Z" data-format="tc_date"> September 19, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/amazon-anuncia-el-fin-del-teletrabajo-para-sus-empleados-retroceso-sin-sentido-o-evolucion-necesaria-239359">Amazon anuncia el fin del teletrabajo para sus empleados, ¿retroceso sin sentido o evolución necesaria?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/fernando-diez-ruiz-689857">Fernando Díez Ruiz</a>, <em>Universidad de Deusto</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pedro-cesar-martinez-moran-1034186">Pedro César Martínez Morán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>En cuanto al teletrabajo, no existe una solución única. Mientras los empleados valoran cada vez más flexibilidad, poco a poco las empresas abogan por la vuelta al trabajo presencial al 100%.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="239016" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="No hay democracia que sobreviva sin la confianza de la ciudadanía: cómo recuperarla" href="/no-hay-democracia-que-sobreviva-sin-la-confianza-de-la-ciudadania-como-recuperarla-239016"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#59472f"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/619296/original/file-20240913-22-bs8bst.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=2991%2C0%2C3526%2C3526&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="619296"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Lightspring/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-13T13:46:50Z" data-format="tc_date"> September 13, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/no-hay-democracia-que-sobreviva-sin-la-confianza-de-la-ciudadania-como-recuperarla-239016">No hay democracia que sobreviva sin la confianza de la ciudadanía: cómo recuperarla</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/javier-perez-gonzalez-1515778">Javier Pérez González</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Con motivo del Día Internacional de la Democracia, celebrado cada 15 de septiembre, el autor analiza las causas de la erosión de este sistema político y expone las áreas críticas, identificadas por instituciones y entidades sociales, en las que España debe mejorar.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="237901" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Talento o perseverancia: ¿qué es más importante para conseguir nuestras metas?" href="/talento-o-perseverancia-que-es-mas-importante-para-conseguir-nuestras-metas-237901"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#939e54"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/617832/original/file-20240906-16-gigbyn.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=0%2C0%2C5148%2C5148&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="617832"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> </span> <span class="source" title="Source">M.Nergiz/Shutterstock</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-12T10:29:28Z" data-format="tc_date"> September 12, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/talento-o-perseverancia-que-es-mas-importante-para-conseguir-nuestras-metas-237901">Talento o perseverancia: ¿qué es más importante para conseguir nuestras metas?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pedro-cesar-martinez-moran-1034186">Pedro César Martínez Morán</a>, <em>Universidad Pontificia Comillas</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/fernando-diez-ruiz-689857">Fernando Díez Ruiz</a>, <em>Universidad de Deusto</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>La tenacidad es esa conjunción de determinación y perseverancia que, unida al conocimiento, nos lleva a triunfar en lo que nos propongamos.</span> </div> </article> </div> <nav class="pagination" role="navigation" aria-label="pager"> <span class="page current"> 1 </span> <span class="page"> <a rel="next" href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770?page=2">2</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770?page=3">3</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770?page=4">4</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770?page=5">5</a> </span> <span class="page gap"></span> <span class="next"> <a rel="next" href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770?page=2"><i class="icon-caret-right" title="Next"></i></a> </span> <span class="last"> <a href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770?page=17">Last</a> </span> </nav> </section> </div> <div class="grid-six large-grid-eight grid-last"> <div id="jobs-and-events" class="grid-six large-grid-four"> </div> <div id="contributors" class="grid-six large-grid-four grid-last"> <section id="experts" class="article-section"> <h3 class="border">Authors</h3> <ol class="semantic article-authors"> <li class="vcard" id="author-1505846" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/arancha-larranaga-1505846"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1505846/width170/image-20240124-17-ai7d17.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Arancha Larrañaga </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesora adjunta de Marketing Estratégico y Retail. Investigadora en temas de sostenibilidad y comportamiento del consumidor, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-683466" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/cecilia-estrada-villasenor-683466"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/683466/width170/file-20190204-193206-196vfsc.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Cecilia Estrada Villaseñor </span> </a> <p class="role"> Directora de la Cátedra de Refugiados y Migrantes Forzosos, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2215106" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/david-roch-dupre-2215106"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2215106/width170/file-20240919-17-5ymvpu.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> David Roch Dupré </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesor del Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales (ICADE). Investigador del Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT) de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ICAI), Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2310200" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/eduardo-cesar-garrido-merchan-2310200"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2310200/width170/image-20250209-15-v0kbj6.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Eduardo César Garrido Merchán </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesor en Universidad Pontificia Comillas. Investigador en Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica., Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-861795" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/elisa-aracil-861795"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/861795/width170/file-20191015-98674-cg9lw2.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Elisa Aracil </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesora del Departamento de Economía e Investigadora del Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica (IIT), Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-874292" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/eszter-wirth-874292"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/874292/width170/image-20191104-88387-17407h1.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Eszter Wirth </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesora de Economía Internacional (ICADE), Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1556020" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/inge-birkbak-larsen-1556020"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1556020/width170/image-20240731-17-te87em.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Inge Birkbak Larsen </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of Entrepreneurship, Advantere School of Management, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1515778" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/javier-perez-gonzalez-1515778"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1515778/width170/file-20240229-22-fcuz60.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Javier Pérez González </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesor de Comunicación, Investigación e Incidencia para el Cambio Social, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1290623" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/jorge-martin-magdalena-1290623"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1290623/width170/file-20211114-61090-1lnckb5.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Jorge Martín Magdalena </span> </a> <p class="role"> PhD in Economic and Business Sciences / Associate Lecturer in Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1274323" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/jose-manuel-saenz-rotko-1274323"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1274323/width170/image-20210923-16-tmm3.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> José Manuel Sáenz Rotko </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesor Propio del Departamento de Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2229355" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/laura-barroso-gonzalo-2229355"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2229355/width170/image-20241007-19-idm417.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Laura Barroso Gonzalo </span> </a> <p class="role"> Investigadora de la Cátedra de los derechos del niño, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-767372" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/luis-garvia-vega-767372"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/767372/width170/image-20210624-17-pw2rm.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Luis Garvía Vega </span> </a> <p class="role"> Director del Máster Universitario en Gestión de Riesgos Financieros (MUGRF) en ICADE Business School, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-2215114" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/pablo-calvo-bascones-2215114"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2215114/width170/image-20240924-20-5ucibx.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Pablo Calvo Báscones </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesor Colaborador Asistente en el departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, ICADE, Universidad Pontificia Comillas e Investigador en el Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1034186" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/pedro-cesar-martinez-moran-1034186"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1034186/width170/image-20240618-23-h6aphp.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Pedro César Martínez Morán </span> </a> <p class="role"> Director del Master in Talent Management de Advantere School of Management / Profesor asociado de la Facultad de Ciencias Economicas y Empresariales, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1490065" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/simon-dolan-landau-1490065"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1490065/width170/image-20241022-19-p50v53.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Simon Dolan Landau </span> </a> <p class="role"> Profesor y catedratico de Recursos Humanos en Adventere School of Management, Universidad Pontificia Comillas </p> </li> </ol> <p class="more"> <a class="button right" href="/institutions/universidad-pontificia-comillas-3770/authors">More Authors</a> </p> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footers"> <section class="footer-primary"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <section class="community footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-four"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a 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e||(e=this.options.defaultNS),this.getResource(t,e)}getDataByLanguage(t){return this.data[t]}hasLanguageSomeTranslations(t){const e=this.getDataByLanguage(t);return!!(e&&Object.keys(e)||[]).find((t=>e[t]&&Object.keys(e[t]).length>0))}toJSON(){return this.data}}var A={processors:{},addPostProcessor(t){this.processors[t.name]=t},handle(t,e,n,r,o){return t.forEach((t=>{e=this.processors[t]?.process(e,n,r,o)??e})),e}};const $={};class T extends C{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};super(),((t,e,n)=>{t.forEach((t=>{e[t]&&(n[t]=e[t])}))})(["resourceStore","languageUtils","pluralResolver","interpolator","backendConnector","i18nFormat","utils"],t,this),this.options=e,void 0===this.options.keySeparator&&(this.options.keySeparator="."),this.logger=E.create("translator")}changeLanguage(t){t&&(this.language=t)}exists(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};if(null==t)return!1;const n=this.resolve(t,e);return void 0!==n?.res}extractFromKey(t,e){let n=void 0!==e.nsSeparator?e.nsSeparator:this.options.nsSeparator;void 0===n&&(n=":");const r=void 0!==e.keySeparator?e.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator;let o=e.ns||this.options.defaultNS||[];const i=n&&t.indexOf(n)>-1,s=!(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator||e.keySeparator||this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator||e.nsSeparator||((t,e,n)=>{e=e||"",n=n||"";const r=w.filter((t=>e.indexOf(t)<0&&n.indexOf(t)<0));if(0===r.length)return!0;const o=k.getRegExp(`(${r.map((t=>"?"===t?"\\?":t)).join("|")})`);let i=!o.test(t);if(!i){const e=t.indexOf(n);e>0&&!o.test(t.substring(0,e))&&(i=!0)}return i})(t,n,r));if(i&&!s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);if(e&&e.length>0)return{key:t,namespaces:l(o)?[o]:o};const i=t.split(n);(n!==r||n===r&&this.options.ns.indexOf(i[0])>-1)&&(o=i.shift()),t=i.join(r)}return{key:t,namespaces:l(o)?[o]:o}}translate(t,e,n){if("object"!=typeof e&&this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler&&(e=this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments)),"object"==typeof e&&(e={...e}),e||(e={}),null==t)return"";Array.isArray(t)||(t=[String(t)]);const r=void 0!==e.returnDetails?e.returnDetails:this.options.returnDetails,o=void 0!==e.keySeparator?e.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,{key:i,namespaces:s}=this.extractFromKey(t[t.length-1],e),a=s[s.length-1],u=e.lng||this.language,c=e.appendNamespaceToCIMode||this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;if("cimode"===u?.toLowerCase()){if(c){const t=e.nsSeparator||this.options.nsSeparator;return r?{res:`${a}${t}${i}`,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:`${a}${t}${i}`}return r?{res:i,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:i}const f=this.resolve(t,e);let p=f?.res;const h=f?.usedKey||i,d=f?.exactUsedKey||i,g=Object.prototype.toString.apply(p),v=void 0!==e.joinArrays?e.joinArrays:this.options.joinArrays,y=!this.i18nFormat||this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject,m=!l(p)&&"boolean"!=typeof p&&"number"!=typeof p;if(!(y&&p&&m&&["[object Number]","[object Function]","[object RegExp]"].indexOf(g)<0)||l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))if(y&&l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))p=p.join(v),p&&(p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,n));else{let r=!1,s=!1;const c=void 0!==e.count&&!l(e.count),h=T.hasDefaultValue(e),d=c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,e):"",g=e.ordinal&&c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,{ordinal:!1}):"",v=c&&!e.ordinal&&0===e.count,y=v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]||e[`defaultValue${d}`]||e[`defaultValue${g}`]||e.defaultValue;!this.isValidLookup(p)&&h&&(r=!0,p=y),this.isValidLookup(p)||(s=!0,p=i);const m=(e.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey||this.options.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey)&&s?void 0:p,b=h&&y!==p&&this.options.updateMissing;if(s||r||b){if(this.logger.log(b?"updateKey":"missingKey",u,a,i,b?y:p),o){const t=this.resolve(i,{...e,keySeparator:!1});t&&t.res&&this.logger.warn("Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let t=[];const n=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,e.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&n&&n[0])for(let e=0;e<n.length;e++)t.push(n[e]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e.lng||this.language):t.push(e.lng||this.language);const r=(t,n,r)=>{const o=h&&r!==p?r:m;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(t,a,n,o,b,e):this.backendConnector?.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(t,a,n,o,b,e),this.emit("missingKey",t,a,n,p)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&c?t.forEach((t=>{const n=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(t,e);v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&n.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&n.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),n.forEach((n=>{r([t],i+n,e[`defaultValue${n}`]||y)}))})):r(t,i,y))}p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,f,n),s&&p===i&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(p=`${a}:${i}`),(s||r)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(p=this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${a}:${i}`:i,r?p:void 0))}else{if(!e.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects){this.options.returnedObjectHandler||this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!");const t=this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(h,p,{...e,ns:s}):`key '${i} (${this.language})' returned an object instead of string.`;return r?(f.res=t,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):t}if(o){const t=Array.isArray(p),n=t?[]:{},r=t?d:h;for(const t in p)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(p,t)){const i=`${r}${o}${t}`;n[t]=this.translate(i,{...e,joinArrays:!1,ns:s}),n[t]===i&&(n[t]=p[t])}p=n}}return r?(f.res=p,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):p}extendTranslation(t,e,n,r,o){var i=this;if(this.i18nFormat?.parse)t=this.i18nFormat.parse(t,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...n},n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,r.usedNS,r.usedKey,{resolved:r});else if(!n.skipInterpolation){n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...n,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...n.interpolation}});const s=l(t)&&(void 0!==n?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?n.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let a;if(s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a=e&&e.length}let u=n.replace&&!l(n.replace)?n.replace:n;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(u={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...u}),t=this.interpolator.interpolate(t,u,n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,n),s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a<(e&&e.length)&&(n.nest=!1)}!n.lng&&r&&r.res&&(n.lng=this.language||r.usedLng),!1!==n.nest&&(t=this.interpolator.nest(t,(function(){for(var t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),s=0;s<t;s++)r[s]=arguments[s];return o?.[0]!==r[0]||n.context?i.translate(...r,e):(i.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${r[0]} in key: ${e[0]}`),null)}),n)),n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const s=n.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,a=l(s)?[s]:s;return null!=t&&a?.length&&!1!==n.applyPostProcessor&&(t=A.handle(a,t,e,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...r,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(n)},...n}:n,this)),t}resolve(t){let e,n,r,o,i,s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return l(t)&&(t=[t]),t.forEach((t=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(t,s),u=a.key;n=u;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const f=void 0!==s.count&&!l(s.count),p=f&&!s.ordinal&&0===s.count,h=void 0!==s.context&&(l(s.context)||"number"==typeof s.context)&&""!==s.context,d=s.lngs?s.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(s.lng||this.language,s.fallbackLng);c.forEach((t=>{this.isValidLookup(e)||(i=t,$[`${d[0]}-${t}`]||!this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(i)||($[`${d[0]}-${t}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${n}" for languages "${d.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${i}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. 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0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.i18nFormat?.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(t,e,n,r):this.resourceStore.getResource(t,e,n,r)}getUsedParamsDetails(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};const e=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],n=t.replace&&!l(t.replace);let r=n?t.replace:t;if(n&&void 0!==t.count&&(r.count=t.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(r={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...r}),!n){r={...r};for(const t of e)delete r[t]}return r}static hasDefaultValue(t){const e="defaultValue";for(const n in t)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)&&e===n.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==t[n])return!0;return!1}}class I{constructor(t){this.options=t,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=E.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const e=t.split("-");return 2===e.length?null:(e.pop(),"x"===e[e.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(e.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return t;const e=t.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(e[0])}formatLanguageCode(t){if(l(t)&&t.indexOf("-")>-1){let e;try{e=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(t)[0]}catch(t){}return e&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(e=e.toLowerCase()),e||(this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t)}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t}isSupportedCode(t){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(t=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(t)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(t){if(!t)return null;let e;return t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.formatLanguageCode(t);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(n)||(e=n)})),!e&&this.options.supportedLngs&&t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t);if(this.isSupportedCode(n))return e=n;e=this.options.supportedLngs.find((t=>t===n?t:t.indexOf("-")<0&&n.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:t.indexOf("-")>0&&n.indexOf("-")<0&&t.substring(0,t.indexOf("-"))===n||0===t.indexOf(n)&&n.length>1?t:void 0))})),e||(e=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),e}getFallbackCodes(t,e){if(!t)return[];if("function"==typeof t&&(t=t(e)),l(t)&&(t=[t]),Array.isArray(t))return t;if(!e)return t.default||[];let n=t[e];return n||(n=t[this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.formatLanguageCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t.default),n||[]}toResolveHierarchy(t,e){const n=this.getFallbackCodes(e||this.options.fallbackLng||[],t),r=[],o=t=>{t&&(this.isSupportedCode(t)?r.push(t):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${t}`))};return l(t)&&(t.indexOf("-")>-1||t.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))):l(t)&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),n.forEach((t=>{r.indexOf(t)<0&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t))})),r}}const F={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5},D={select:t=>1===t?"one":"other",resolvedOptions:()=>({pluralCategories:["one","other"]})};class M{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=t,this.options=e,this.logger=E.create("pluralResolver"),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(t,e){this.rules[t]=e}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const 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RegExp(e,"g");this.regexp=t(this.regexp,`${this.prefix}(.+?)${this.suffix}`),this.regexpUnescape=t(this.regexpUnescape,`${this.prefix}${this.unescapePrefix}(.+?)${this.unescapeSuffix}${this.suffix}`),this.nestingRegexp=t(this.nestingRegexp,`${this.nestingPrefix}(.+?)${this.nestingSuffix}`)}interpolate(t,e,n,r){let o,i,s;const a=this.options&&this.options.interpolation&&this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables||{},u=t=>{if(t.indexOf(this.formatSeparator)<0){const o=V(e,a,t,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure);return this.alwaysFormat?this.format(o,void 0,n,{...r,...e,interpolationkey:t}):o}const o=t.split(this.formatSeparator),i=o.shift().trim(),s=o.join(this.formatSeparator).trim();return this.format(V(e,a,i,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure),s,n,{...r,...e,interpolationkey:i})};this.resetRegExp();const c=r?.missingInterpolationHandler||this.options.missingInterpolationHandler,f=void 0!==r?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?r.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;return[{regex:this.regexpUnescape,safeValue:t=>U(t)},{regex:this.regexp,safeValue:t=>this.escapeValue?U(this.escape(t)):U(t)}].forEach((e=>{for(s=0;o=e.regex.exec(t);){const n=o[1].trim();if(i=u(n),void 0===i)if("function"==typeof c){const e=c(t,o,r);i=l(e)?e:""}else if(r&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,n))i="";else{if(f){i=o[0];continue}this.logger.warn(`missed to pass in variable ${n} for interpolating ${t}`),i=""}else l(i)||this.useRawValueToEscape||(i=p(i));const a=e.safeValue(i);if(t=t.replace(o[0],a),f?(e.regex.lastIndex+=i.length,e.regex.lastIndex-=o[0].length):e.regex.lastIndex=0,s++,s>=this.maxReplaces)break}})),t}nest(t,e){let n,r,o,i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const s=(t,e)=>{const n=this.nestingOptionsSeparator;if(t.indexOf(n)<0)return t;const r=t.split(new RegExp(`${n}[ ]*{`));let i=`{${r[1]}`;t=r[0],i=this.interpolate(i,o);const s=i.match(/'/g),a=i.match(/"/g);((s?.length??0)%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(i=i.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{o=JSON.parse(i),e&&(o={...e,...o})}catch(e){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${t}`,e),`${t}${n}${i}`}return o.defaultValue&&o.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete o.defaultValue,t};for(;n=this.nestingRegexp.exec(t);){let a=[];o={...i},o=o.replace&&!l(o.replace)?o.replace:o,o.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete o.defaultValue;let u=!1;if(-1!==n[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(n[1])){const t=n[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((t=>t.trim()));n[1]=t.shift(),a=t,u=!0}if(r=e(s.call(this,n[1].trim(),o),o),r&&n[0]===t&&!l(r))return r;l(r)||(r=p(r)),r||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${n[1]} for nesting ${t}`),r=""),u&&(r=a.reduce(((t,e)=>this.format(t,e,i.lng,{...i,interpolationkey:n[1].trim()})),r.trim())),t=t.replace(n[0],r),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return t}}const H=t=>{const e={};return(n,r,o)=>{let i=o;o&&o.interpolationkey&&o.formatParams&&o.formatParams[o.interpolationkey]&&o[o.interpolationkey]&&(i={...i,[o.interpolationkey]:void 0});const s=r+JSON.stringify(i);let a=e[s];return a||(a=t(L(r),o),e[s]=a),a(n)}};class K{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=E.create("formatter"),this.options=t,this.formats={number:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),currency:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e,style:"currency"});return t=>n.format(t)})),datetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),relativetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t,e.range||"day")})),list:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.ListFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)}))},this.init(t)}init(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};this.formatSeparator=e.interpolation.formatSeparator||","}add(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=e}addCached(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=H(e)}format(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const o=e.split(this.formatSeparator);if(o.length>1&&o[0].indexOf("(")>1&&o[0].indexOf(")")<0&&o.find((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1))){const t=o.findIndex((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1));o[0]=[o[0],...o.splice(1,t)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return o.reduce(((t,e)=>{const{formatName:o,formatOptions:i}=(t=>{let e=t.toLowerCase().trim();const n={};if(t.indexOf("(")>-1){const r=t.split("(");e=r[0].toLowerCase().trim();const o=r[1].substring(0,r[1].length-1);"currency"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.currency||(n.currency=o.trim()):"relativetime"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.range||(n.range=o.trim()):o.split(";").forEach((t=>{if(t){const[e,...r]=t.split(":"),o=r.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),i=e.trim();n[i]||(n[i]=o),"false"===o&&(n[i]=!1),"true"===o&&(n[i]=!0),isNaN(o)||(n[i]=parseInt(o,10))}}))}return{formatName:e,formatOptions:n}})(e);if(this.formats[o]){let e=t;try{const s=r?.formatParams?.[r.interpolationkey]||{},a=s.locale||s.lng||r.locale||r.lng||n;e=this.formats[o](t,a,{...i,...r,...s})}catch(t){this.logger.warn(t)}return e}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${o}`),t}),t)}}class z extends C{constructor(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};super(),this.backend=t,this.store=e,this.services=n,this.languageUtils=n.languageUtils,this.options=r,this.logger=E.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=r.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=r.maxRetries>=0?r.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=r.retryTimeout>=1?r.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend?.init?.(n,r.backend,r)}queueLoad(t,e,n,r){const o={},i={},s={},a={};return t.forEach((t=>{let r=!0;e.forEach((e=>{const s=`${t}|${e}`;!n.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(t,e)?this.state[s]=2:this.state[s]<0||(1===this.state[s]?void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0):(this.state[s]=1,r=!1,void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0),void 0===o[s]&&(o[s]=!0),void 0===a[e]&&(a[e]=!0)))})),r||(s[t]=!0)})),(Object.keys(o).length||Object.keys(i).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:i,pendingCount:Object.keys(i).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:r}),{toLoad:Object.keys(o),pending:Object.keys(i),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(s),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(t,e,n){const r=t.split("|"),o=r[0],i=r[1];e&&this.emit("failedLoading",o,i,e),!e&&n&&this.store.addResourceBundle(o,i,n,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[t]=e?-1:2,e&&n&&(this.state[t]=0);const s={};this.queue.forEach((n=>{((t,e,n)=>{const{obj:r,k:o}=v(t,e,Object);r[o]=r[o]||[],r[o].push(n)})(n.loaded,[o],i),((t,e)=>{void 0!==t.pending[e]&&(delete t.pending[e],t.pendingCount--)})(n,t),e&&n.errors.push(e),0!==n.pendingCount||n.done||(Object.keys(n.loaded).forEach((t=>{s[t]||(s[t]={});const e=n.loaded[t];e.length&&e.forEach((e=>{void 0===s[t][e]&&(s[t][e]=!0)}))})),n.done=!0,n.errors.length?n.callback(n.errors):n.callback())})),this.emit("loaded",s),this.queue=this.queue.filter((t=>!t.done))}read(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:0,o=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:this.retryTimeout,i=arguments.length>5?arguments[5]:void 0;if(!t.length)return i(null,{});if(this.readingCalls>=this.maxParallelReads)return void this.waitingReads.push({lng:t,ns:e,fcName:n,tried:r,wait:o,callback:i});this.readingCalls++;const s=(s,a)=>{if(this.readingCalls--,this.waitingReads.length>0){const t=this.waitingReads.shift();this.read(t.lng,t.ns,t.fcName,t.tried,t.wait,t.callback)}s&&a&&r<this.maxRetries?setTimeout((()=>{this.read.call(this,t,e,n,r+1,2*o,i)}),o):i(s,a)},a=this.backend[n].bind(this.backend);if(2!==a.length)return a(t,e,s);try{const n=a(t,e);n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,n)}catch(t){s(t)}}prepareLoading(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),r&&r();l(t)&&(t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t)),l(e)&&(e=[e]);const o=this.queueLoad(t,e,n,r);if(!o.toLoad.length)return o.pending.length||r(),null;o.toLoad.forEach((t=>{this.loadOne(t)}))}load(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{},n)}reload(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{reload:!0},n)}loadOne(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"";const n=t.split("|"),r=n[0],o=n[1];this.read(r,o,"read",void 0,void 0,((n,i)=>{n&&this.logger.warn(`${e}loading namespace ${o} for language ${r} failed`,n),!n&&i&&this.logger.log(`${e}loaded namespace ${o} for language ${r}`,i),this.loaded(t,n,i)}))}saveMissing(t,e,n,r,o){let i=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{},s=arguments.length>6&&void 0!==arguments[6]?arguments[6]:()=>{};if(!this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(e)){if(null!=n&&""!==n){if(this.backend?.create){const a={...i,isUpdate:o},u=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(u.length<6)try{let o;o=5===u.length?u(t,e,n,r,a):u(t,e,n,r),o&&"function"==typeof o.then?o.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,o)}catch(t){s(t)}else u(t,e,n,r,s,a)}t&&t[0]&&this.store.addResource(t[0],e,n,r)}}else this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${n}" as the namespace "${e}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")}}const B=()=>({debug:!1,initAsync:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:t=>{let e={};if("object"==typeof t[1]&&(e=t[1]),l(t[1])&&(e.defaultValue=t[1]),l(t[2])&&(e.tDescription=t[2]),"object"==typeof t[2]||"object"==typeof t[3]){const n=t[3]||t[2];Object.keys(n).forEach((t=>{e[t]=n[t]}))}return e},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:t=>t,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0}}),q=t=>(l(t.ns)&&(t.ns=[t.ns]),l(t.fallbackLng)&&(t.fallbackLng=[t.fallbackLng]),l(t.fallbackNS)&&(t.fallbackNS=[t.fallbackNS]),t.supportedLngs?.indexOf?.("cimode")<0&&(t.supportedLngs=t.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),"boolean"==typeof t.initImmediate&&(t.initAsync=t.initImmediate),t),G=()=>{};class J extends C{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},e=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;var n;if(super(),this.options=q(t),this.services={},this.logger=E,this.modules={external:[]},n=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(n)).forEach((t=>{"function"==typeof n[t]&&(n[t]=n[t].bind(n))})),e&&!this.isInitialized&&!t.isClone){if(!this.options.initAsync)return this.init(t,e),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(t,e)}),0)}}init(){var t=this;let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e={}),null==e.defaultNS&&e.ns&&(l(e.ns)?e.defaultNS=e.ns:e.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(e.defaultNS=e.ns[0]));const r=B();this.options={...r,...this.options,...q(e)},this.options.interpolation={...r.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation},void 0!==e.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=e.keySeparator),void 0!==e.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=e.nsSeparator);const o=t=>t?"function"==typeof t?new t:t:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let e;this.modules.logger?E.init(o(this.modules.logger),this.options):E.init(null,this.options),e=this.modules.formatter?this.modules.formatter:K;const n=new I(this.options);this.store=new N(this.options.resources,this.options);const i=this.services;i.logger=E,i.resourceStore=this.store,i.languageUtils=n,i.pluralResolver=new M(n,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),!e||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==r.interpolation.format||(i.formatter=o(e),i.formatter.init(i,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=i.formatter.format.bind(i.formatter)),i.interpolator=new _(this.options),i.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},i.backendConnector=new z(o(this.modules.backend),i.resourceStore,i,this.options),i.backendConnector.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(i.languageDetector=o(this.modules.languageDetector),i.languageDetector.init&&i.languageDetector.init(i,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(i.i18nFormat=o(this.modules.i18nFormat),i.i18nFormat.init&&i.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new T(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.external.forEach((t=>{t.init&&t.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,n||(n=G),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const t=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);t.length>0&&"dev"!==t[0]&&(this.options.lng=t[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments)}}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments),t}}));const i=f(),s=()=>{const t=(t,e)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),i.resolve(e),n(t,e)};if(this.languages&&!this.isInitialized)return t(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,t)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initAsync?s():setTimeout(s,0),i}loadResources(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:G;const n=l(t)?t:this.language;if("function"==typeof t&&(e=t),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if("cimode"===n?.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return e();const t=[],r=e=>{if(!e)return;if("cimode"===e)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e).forEach((e=>{"cimode"!==e&&t.indexOf(e)<0&&t.push(e)}))};if(n)r(n);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((t=>r(t)))}this.options.preload?.forEach?.((t=>r(t))),this.services.backendConnector.load(t,this.options.ns,(t=>{t||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),e(t)}))}else e(null)}reloadResources(t,e,n){const r=f();return"function"==typeof t&&(n=t,t=void 0),"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e=void 0),t||(t=this.languages),e||(e=this.options.ns),n||(n=G),this.services.backendConnector.reload(t,e,(t=>{r.resolve(),n(t)})),r}use(t){if(!t)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!t.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===t.type&&(this.modules.backend=t),("logger"===t.type||t.log&&t.warn&&t.error)&&(this.modules.logger=t),"languageDetector"===t.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=t),"i18nFormat"===t.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=t),"postProcessor"===t.type&&A.addPostProcessor(t),"formatter"===t.type&&(this.modules.formatter=t),"3rdParty"===t.type&&this.modules.external.push(t),this}setResolvedLanguage(t){if(t&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1))for(let t=0;t<this.languages.length;t++){const e=this.languages[t];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(e)){this.resolvedLanguage=e;break}}}changeLanguage(t,e){var n=this;this.isLanguageChangingTo=t;const r=f();this.emit("languageChanging",t);const o=t=>{this.language=t,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(t)},i=(t,i)=>{i?(o(i),this.translator.changeLanguage(i),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",i),this.logger.log("languageChanged",i)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,r.resolve((function(){return n.t(...arguments)})),e&&e(t,(function(){return n.t(...arguments)}))},s=e=>{t||e||!this.services.languageDetector||(e=[]);const n=l(e)?e:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(e);n&&(this.language||o(n),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(n),this.services.languageDetector?.cacheUserLanguage?.(n)),this.loadResources(n,(t=>{i(t,n)}))};return t||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!t&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(s):this.services.languageDetector.detect(s):s(t):s(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),r}getFixedT(t,e,n){var r=this;const 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