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<li id="toc-Prehistoric_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistoric times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Roman times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration_and_Merovingian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration_and_Merovingian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Migration and Merovingian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration_and_Merovingian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century_to_Present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century_to_Present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>19th century to Present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century_to_Present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Air transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Road Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_Distance_Rail_Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_Distance_Rail_Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Long Distance Rail Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_Distance_Rail_Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S-Bahn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S-Bahn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>S-Bahn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S-Bahn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direct_bus_connection_to_Stuttgart_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_bus_connection_to_Stuttgart_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Direct bus connection to Stuttgart Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_bus_connection_to_Stuttgart_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_Tramway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_Tramway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Urban Tramway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_Tramway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_Interurban_Tram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_Interurban_Tram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Former Interurban Tram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_Interurban_Tram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trolley_bus_and_diesel_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trolley_bus_and_diesel_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Trolley bus and diesel bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trolley_bus_and_diesel_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Car-Sharing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car-Sharing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Car-Sharing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Car-Sharing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebuilding_of_bus/rail_interchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebuilding_of_bus/rail_interchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Rebuilding of bus/rail interchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebuilding_of_bus/rail_interchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hochschule_Esslingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hochschule_Esslingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hochschule Esslingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hochschule_Esslingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Esslingen am Neckar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="إسلينغن أم نيكار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسلينغن أم نيكار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Эслінген-на-Некары – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эслінген-на-Некары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Еслинген – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еслинген" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эслинген-ам-Неккар – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эслинген-ам-Неккар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar_(munisipyo_sa_Alemanya)" title="Esslingen am Neckar (munisipyo sa Alemanya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar (munisipyo sa Alemanya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen" title="Esslingen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esslingen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Έσλινγκεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έσλινγκεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%85_%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="اسلینگن آم نکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسلینگن آم نکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%AC%EB%A7%81%EA%B2%90%EC%95%94%EB%84%A4%EC%B9%B4%EC%96%B4" title="에슬링겐암네카어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에슬링겐암네카어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Նեքարի Էսլինգեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեքարի Էսլինգեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen" title="Esslingen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Esslingen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эслинген-ам-Неккар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эслинген-ам-Неккар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen" title="Esslingen – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Esslingen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="אסלינגן אם נקר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסלינגן אם נקר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Эслинген-на-Неккаре – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эслинген-на-Неккаре" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Неккардагы Эслинген – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Неккардагы Эслинген" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslinga" title="Eslinga – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Eslinga" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslingene" title="Eslingene – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eslingene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslingenas" title="Eslingenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eslingenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Еслинген на Некар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Еслинген на Некар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اسلينجن آم نيكار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسلينجن آم نيكار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC" title="エスリンゲン・アム・ネッカー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エスリンゲン・アム・ネッカー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Неккар-тӀера-Эслинген – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Неккар-тӀера-Эслинген" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen" title="Esslingen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esslingen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эслинген-ам-Неккар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эслинген-ам-Неккар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Еслинген ам Некар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еслинген ам Некар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эсслинген-ам-Неккар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эсслинген-ам-Неккар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เอ็สลิงเงินอัมเน็คคาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็สลิงเงินอัมเน็คคาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96" title="Есслінген-на-Некарі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есслінген-на-Некарі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Esslingen am Neckar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B9" title="埃斯林根 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃斯林根" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B9" title="埃斯林根 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃斯林根" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Esslingen_am_Neckar&params=48_44_N_9_19_E_type:city(94941)_region:DE-BW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">9°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.733°N 9.317°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.733; 9.317</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output 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.ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Esslingen am Neckar </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Town#Germany" title="Town">Town</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esslingen_a.N._Fall_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Esslingen_a.N._Fall_2023.jpg/250px-Esslingen_a.N._Fall_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Esslingen_a.N._Fall_2023.jpg/375px-Esslingen_a.N._Fall_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Esslingen_a.N._Fall_2023.jpg/500px-Esslingen_a.N._Fall_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="1970" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Esslingen am Neckar"><img alt="Coat of arms of Esslingen am Neckar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg/67px-DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg/101px-DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg/135px-DEU_Esslingen_am_Neckar_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="481" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:line; margin-top:0.2px"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="height:auto; padding:0.1em; padding-left:0.3em; padding-right:1.5em;">Location of Esslingen am Neckar within Esslingen district</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Esslingen_am_Neckar_in_ES.svg/240px-Esslingen_am_Neckar_in_ES.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Esslingen_am_Neckar_in_ES.svg/360px-Esslingen_am_Neckar_in_ES.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Esslingen_am_Neckar_in_ES.svg/480px-Esslingen_am_Neckar_in_ES.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="189" usemap="#ImageMap_49e98b40454e0164" resource="/wiki/File:Esslingen_am_Neckar_in_ES.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_49e98b40454e0164"><area href="/wiki/Alb-Donau-Kreis" shape="poly" 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.locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esslingen am Neckar is located in Germany"><img alt="Esslingen am Neckar is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" 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class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Esslingen am Neckar </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esslingen am Neckar is located in Baden-Württemberg"><img alt="Esslingen am Neckar is located in Baden-Württemberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg/250px-Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg/375px-Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg/500px-Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="1215" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.097%;left:59.858%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Esslingen am Neckar"><img alt="Esslingen am Neckar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Esslingen am Neckar </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Baden-Württemberg</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Esslingen_am_Neckar&params=48_44_N_9_19_E_type:city(94941)_region:DE-BW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">9°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.733°N 9.317°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.733; 9.317</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_(region)" title="Stuttgart (region)">Stuttgart </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_(district)" title="Esslingen (district)">Esslingen </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2021–29) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Matthias Klopfer<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">46.43 km<sup>2</sup> (17.93 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">241 m (791 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">94,941</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,000/km<sup>2</sup> (5,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">73701–73734</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0711</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ES</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esslingen.de/">www.esslingen.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Esslingen am Neckar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swabian_German" title="Swabian German">Swabian</a>: <i>Esslenga am Neckor</i>; until 16 October 1964 officially <i> Eßlingen am Neckar</i>) is a town in the <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Region" title="Stuttgart Region">Stuttgart Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> in southern Germany, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_(district)" title="Esslingen (district)">District of Esslingen</a> as well as the largest town in the district. Within Baden-Württemberg it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_by_population" title="List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population">11th largest city</a>. </p><p>It is located on the river <a href="/wiki/Neckar" title="Neckar">Neckar</a>, about 14 kilometres (9 miles) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> city center. The regions surrounding the city of Esslingen are also mostly developed. </p><p>Esslingen was a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial city</a> for several centuries until it was annexed by Württemberg in 1802. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/German_Timber-Frame_Road" title="German Timber-Frame Road">German Timber-Frame Road</a> passes through the city. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_times">Prehistoric times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistoric times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is archaeological evidence that what is now the city of Esslingen was settled since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period. Traces of human settlement found at the site of the city church date back to around 1000 B.C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_times">Roman times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1st century AD the Esslingen region became part of the Roman Empire. During this period a Roman warehouse was located in the area of Oberesslingen. The nearest major Roman settlements and garrisons were at <a href="/wiki/Cannstatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannstatt">Cannstatt</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ngen" title="Köngen">Köngen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration_and_Merovingian_period">Migration and Merovingian period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Migration and Merovingian period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are so far no findings from the early Alemanni period, which do exist on the Filder (uplands) nearby. There are findings in Rüdern which suggest a rich grave with eastern influence, including, for example, a set of three-winged spear heads. The ending "-ingen" indicates a group of people wherein a man named Azzilo, Hezzilo or Hetsilo was landlord and family patriarch played an influential role. This means the city's name originally meant: "the peoples of Azzilo". This name, for the first time documented in 856 as <i>Ezlinga</i> and 866 as <i>Hetsilinga</i> ended up becoming today's Esslingen. </p><p>In the 6th century, the Alemanni were subjugated by the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> under king Clovis I. But they still took over administrative tasks and formed a Duchy in Francia. In the 8th century they tried to become sovereign again. But the attempt failed near Cannstatt. The end of the Alemannian duchy was marked with the <i><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cannstatt" title="Council of Cannstatt">Council of Cannstatt</a></i>. </p><p>In an excavation by Günter Fehring, the remains of the Vitalis-Cella under the church St. Dionysius were uncovered. Proof of settlement dates back to the late Merovingian period. Even older are the single row graves in Oberesslingen and Sirnau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esslingen was first mentioned in 777 in the last will of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Fulrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Fulrad">Abbot Fulrad</a> from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis Basilica">Saint-Denis</a> (near Paris), the chaplain of <a href="/wiki/Pippin_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Pippin the Younger">Pippin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>. He bequeathed the <i>sixth cell upon the river Neckar</i> that he had received from an Alemannic nobleman by the name of "Hafti" to his monastery, Saint-Denis. He also brought the bones of <a href="/wiki/Vitalis_of_Milan" title="Vitalis of Milan">Saint Vitalis</a> to Esslingen, which made it a destination for pilgrims and led to its growth. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichsstadt_Esslingen_Territorium_c._1725.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Reichsstadt_Esslingen_Territorium_c._1725.png/220px-Reichsstadt_Esslingen_Territorium_c._1725.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Reichsstadt_Esslingen_Territorium_c._1725.png/330px-Reichsstadt_Esslingen_Territorium_c._1725.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Reichsstadt_Esslingen_Territorium_c._1725.png/440px-Reichsstadt_Esslingen_Territorium_c._1725.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Territory of the Free Imperial City of Esslingen</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 800 Esslingen became a <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a>, its market rights being certified in 866. In 949–953 it was a possession of <a href="/wiki/Liudolf,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Liudolf, Duke of Swabia">Liudolf, Duke of Swabia</a>. Esslingen received <a href="/wiki/German_town_law" title="German town law">city rights</a> in 1229 under <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Frederick II</a>. During the same period the still-extant Neckar bridge was built, making Esslingen a major center for trade on the route between Italy, Switzerland, and northern Germany. Taxes provided by the bridge and market led to further growth of the town, as did the export of the highly regarded wines from the region. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E%C3%9Flingen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/E%C3%9Flingen.jpg/440px-E%C3%9Flingen.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/E%C3%9Flingen.jpg/660px-E%C3%9Flingen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/E%C3%9Flingen.jpg/880px-E%C3%9Flingen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption> View of Esslingen ca. 1640, showing the bridge over the Neckar River.</figcaption></figure> <p>The period between the 13th century and 16th century saw many conflicts between the Free Imperial City and the Counts of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a> (later Duchy of Württemberg). About half the population died in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> between 1618 and 1648 through famine or epidemics. Esslingen lost its <a href="/wiki/Reichsfreiheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsfreiheit">independence</a> as an Imperial city during the Napoleonic era in 1802–1803, <a href="/wiki/German_Mediatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="German Mediatisation">becoming part</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchy of Württemberg">Duchy of Württemberg</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DerDickeTurm_Esslingen_a.N._Fall2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/DerDickeTurm_Esslingen_a.N._Fall2023.jpg/220px-DerDickeTurm_Esslingen_a.N._Fall2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/DerDickeTurm_Esslingen_a.N._Fall2023.jpg/330px-DerDickeTurm_Esslingen_a.N._Fall2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/DerDickeTurm_Esslingen_a.N._Fall2023.jpg/440px-DerDickeTurm_Esslingen_a.N._Fall2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3853" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption> "The Fat Tower" at Esslingen a.N., part of the remaining defensive bastion of the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city had a defensive wall, part of which remains, including a landmark "fat tower" (Der Dicke Turm) set on the hill and vineyards above the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century_to_Present">19th century to Present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 19th century to Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beginning of the 19th century was characterized by industrialization. Glove manufacturing, food processing, textiles, and metal working were early industries in Esslingen. On 20 November 1845 the first train ran from <a href="/wiki/Cannstatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannstatt">Cannstatt</a> to <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_(Neckar)_station" title="Esslingen (Neckar) station">Esslingen station</a>. </p><p>Esslingen was occupied by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. troops</a> starting in April 1945, at the very end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. During the war the city suffered very little damage, and it was peaceably surrendered to the approaching allied forces, thus the medieval character of its city center has been mostly preserved. </p><p>After the Second World War about 47,000 people moved to Esslingen, mostly refugees and displaced persons from East Germany. Housing developments in Oberesslingen and Zollberg were created to overcome the shortage of housing. </p><p>In 1973 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrtingen" title="Nürtingen">Nürtingen</a> district was merged with Esslingen am Neckar, making Esslingen the seat of a much enlarged <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_(district)" title="Esslingen (district)">district</a>. </p><p>Largest groups of immigrants by 31.12.2020 : </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>4,182 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>3,030 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>2,051 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>1,711 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>1,248 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>1,102 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>784 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>713 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>708 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>472 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Esslingen am Neckar (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.9<br />(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(1.63) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.4<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.7<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.0<br />(3.46) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.0<br />(3.39) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.6<br />(3.76) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.7<br />(3.18) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.0<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8<br />(2.39) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.3<br />(2.22) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">768.3<br />(30.24) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.6 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.6 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.8 </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">174.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000A5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000A5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.4 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.9 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254.2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.2 </td> <td style="background: #8D8D8D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #6B6B6B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.9 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,838.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #727272; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #8F8F8F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #6D6D6D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a></i></span> (Precipitation),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weather2visit,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weather Atlas (Rainy days and Daylight)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Air transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Airport" title="Stuttgart Airport">Stuttgart Airport</a>, the largest airport in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, is located in the Esslingen District, roughly ten kilometers south of the town, on the border with the town of <a href="/wiki/Leinfelden-Echterdingen" title="Leinfelden-Echterdingen">Leinfelden-Echterdingen</a>. A plane owned by <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> has been named after the town. </p><p>The junction on the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_8" title="Bundesautobahn 8">Bundesautobahn 8</a> <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>-<a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> which serves Esslingen is just after the airport when traveling towards Munich. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_Transport">Road Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Road Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esslingen is directly on the B10 State Highway which runs as a dual carriageway from <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> to <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%9Fen" title="Süßen">Süßen</a>, and continues onward to <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>. The exit for Esslingen, just after the B10 passes under the ancient Pliensau Bridge, is particularly unusual, because in the direction of Ulm there are two entry and exit points to the dual carriageway. This makes it is possible to reach the center of Esslingen directly from Stuttgart, and to drive from central Esslingen directly onto the Dual Carriageway in the direction of Ulm without having to pass traffic lights. </p><p>Despite the six to eight lanes on the new Pliensau Bridge and the surrounding roads, the infrastructure around Pliensauvorstadt and the route to Zollberg still suffers from frequent congestion. </p><p>Esslingen is also on the <a href="/wiki/German_Timber-Frame_Road" title="German Timber-Frame Road">German Timber-Frame Road</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long_Distance_Rail_Transport">Long Distance Rail Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Long Distance Rail Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_(Neckar)_station" title="Esslingen (Neckar) station">Esslingen (Neckar) station</a> is on the <a href="/wiki/Fils_Valley_Railway" title="Fils Valley Railway">Fils Valley Railway</a> and is served by line S 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_S-Bahn" title="Stuttgart S-Bahn">Stuttgart S-Bahn</a> and regional services. The town is on the main rail line between Stuttgart and Ulm, operated by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>, the main German rail operator. In 2009, the company named a high speed '<a href="/wiki/Intercity-Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity-Express">Intercity-Express</a>' train "Esslingen-am-Neckar". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: S-Bahn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_S-Bahn" title="Stuttgart S-Bahn">Stuttgart S-Bahn</a> line S1 which operates between <a href="/wiki/Kirchheim-unter-Teck" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirchheim-unter-Teck">Kirchheim-unter-Teck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herrenberg" title="Herrenberg">Herrenberg</a> via <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> centre, serves the stations of Mettingen, Esslingen (Neckar), <a href="/wiki/Oberesslingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberesslingen">Oberesslingen</a> and Esslingen (Zell). Under the planned rebuilding of the railways in central Stuttgart under the <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_21" title="Stuttgart 21">Stuttgart 21</a> scheme, the S1 will be shortened to operate from Kirchheim unter Teck as far as Stuttgart Schwabstraße station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_bus_connection_to_Stuttgart_Airport">Direct bus connection to Stuttgart Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Direct bus connection to Stuttgart Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To avoid the long S-Bahn route to the airport via Stuttgart, the Bus 122, operated by the END Company, now runs directly from the central bus and rail interchange to the airport via <a href="/wiki/Ostfildern" title="Ostfildern">Ostfildern</a> Scharnhausen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_Tramway">Urban Tramway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Urban Tramway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Esslingen Urban Tram system was opened in May 1912 and closed on 7 July 1944 after 32 years of operation. It was replaced by trolley buses. The operating company, the Esslinger Städtische Straßenbahn (ESS, translated Esslingen Town Tramway) changed its name in 1944 to the Städtischer Verkehrsbetrieb Esslingen (SVE, or "Esslingen Transport Company"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_Interurban_Tram">Former Interurban Tram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Former Interurban Tram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 18 December 1926 the Esslingen-Nellingen-Denkendorf (END) interurban tram began operating. This was the last tram system to be built in Germany before the wave of closures later in the century: after this date permission from the authorities was only given for extensions to existing systems. The tram had to negotiate a five kilometer gradient out of the Neckar Valley to reach the towns and villages of the Eastern Filder region. In total, the system transported 153 million passengers from Denkendorf and later from Neuhausen to Esslingen, and took delivery of two new open trams in 1958. The line was discontinued in February 1978. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trolley_bus_and_diesel_bus">Trolley bus and diesel bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Trolley bus and diesel bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esslingen, along with Solingen and Eberswalde, is one of the last three German towns which still use <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Trolleybuses in Esslingen am Neckar">trolleybuses</a>. The SVE currently operates two lines using electric power: </p><p>101: <a href="/wiki/Oberesslingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberesslingen">Oberesslingen</a> Lerchenacker Endstation – Esslingen railway station – <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart-Obert%C3%BCrkheim_station" title="Stuttgart-Obertürkheim station">Stuttgart-Obertürkheim station</a>. </p><p>118: Esslingen Railway Station – Zollberg. </p><p>Apart from this around 50 taxis operate in the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Car-Sharing">Car-Sharing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Car-Sharing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994 A <a href="/wiki/Car-sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Car-sharing">car-sharing</a> company opened a station in Esslingen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebuilding_of_bus/rail_interchange"><span id="Rebuilding_of_bus.2Frail_interchange"></span>Rebuilding of bus/rail <a href="/wiki/Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">interchange</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rebuilding of bus/rail interchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An ambitious redevelopment project has been in progress since 2004 in the area near the railway station. The current phase of this project is a large redevelopment of the station forecourt costing about 7.4 million euros. The <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> State Environment and Transport ministry helped fund this with a grant of 4.9 million euros. During 2009 the Neckarstraße was diverted along unused land on the railway station and lengthened to the west of the site. The next phase, completed in November 2014, was a large-scale redevelopment of the station forecourt to create a bus and rail interchange. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hochschule_Esslingen">Hochschule Esslingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Hochschule Esslingen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Esslingen University of Applied Sciences">Esslingen University of Applied Sciences</a> (German: <i lang="de">Hochschule Esslingen</i>). It is known for its <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a> and automotive engineering courses, and also for its three international master's programs (MBA in International Industrial Management,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MEng in Automotive Systems,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MEng in Design and Development in Automotive and Mechanical Engineering),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are organised by the Esslingen Graduate School<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and taught completely in English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Esslingen am Neckar is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>, India</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eger" title="Eger">Eger</a>, Hungary</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maladzyechna" title="Maladzyechna">Maladzyechna</a>, Belarus</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales"><img alt="Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Neath_Port_Talbot" title="Neath Port Talbot">Neath Port Talbot</a>, Wales, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norrk%C3%B6ping_Municipality" title="Norrköping Municipality">Norrköping</a>, Sweden</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a>, Poland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schiedam" title="Schiedam">Schiedam</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sheboygan,_Wisconsin" title="Sheboygan, Wisconsin">Sheboygan, Wisconsin</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Velenje" title="Velenje">Velenje</a>, Slovenia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a>, France</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Ludwig_Deffner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Carl_Ludwig_Deffner.jpg/150px-Carl_Ludwig_Deffner.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Carl_Ludwig_Deffner.jpg/225px-Carl_Ludwig_Deffner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Carl_Ludwig_Deffner.jpg/300px-Carl_Ludwig_Deffner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption>Karl Ludwig Deffner</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter_(Heliogravure).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter_%28Heliogravure%29.jpg/170px-Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter_%28Heliogravure%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter_%28Heliogravure%29.jpg/255px-Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter_%28Heliogravure%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter_%28Heliogravure%29.jpg/340px-Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter_%28Heliogravure%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Ferdinand von Hochstetter</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Julius_Motteler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Julius_Motteler.jpg/150px-Julius_Motteler.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Julius_Motteler.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>Julius Motteler</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baum_(musicologist)" title="Richard Baum (musicologist)">Richard Baum</a> (1902–2000), musicologist and music historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thommie_Bayer" title="Thommie Bayer">Thommie Bayer</a> (born 1953), writer, musician and painter</li> <li>Otto Borst (1924–2001), German historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Deffner" title="Karl Deffner">Karl Deffner</a> (1817–1877), manufacturer, member of parliament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristian_Fi%C3%A9l" title="Cristian Fiél">Cristian Fiél</a> (born 1980), Spanish-German football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Faust" title="Isabelle Faust">Isabelle Faust</a> (born 1972), Violinist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G%C3%BCnther" title="Albert Günther">Albert Günther</a> (1830–1914), British zoologist, born in Esslingen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Hauff" title="Volker Hauff">Volker Hauff</a> (born 1940), German politician, former Member of Bundestag, former Lord Mayor of Frankfurt am Main (SPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Fritz_Haug" title="Wolfgang Fritz Haug">Wolfgang Fritz Haug</a> (born 1936), philosopher</li> <li>Otto Hauser (born 1952), German politician (CDU), former Member of Bundestag and retired parliamentarian secretary of state</li> <li>Walter Hirrlinger (born 1926), German politician (SPD), Member of Landtag, minister of economy, 1990–2008 president of <i>Sozialverband VdK Deutschland</i>, 1953 to 1968 member of local council in Esslingen</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Christian_Hochstetter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Christian Hochstetter (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Christian Hochstetter</a> (1825–1881), botanist, university gardener and inspector of the botanical garden in Tübingen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter" title="Ferdinand von Hochstetter">Ferdinand von Hochstetter</a> (1829–1884), geographer, geologist and natural scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Eberhard_Ihle" title="Johann Eberhard Ihle">Johann Eberhard Ihle</a> (1727–1814), painter</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_von_Kessler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil von Kessler (page does not exist)">Emil von Kessler</a> (1813–1867), founder of the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen (locomotive factory)</li> <li>Emil von Keßler jun. (1841–1895), German entrepreneur and politician, director of Maschinenfabrik Esslingen, son of Emil von Keßler</li> <li>Georg Christian von Kessler (1787–1842), founder of the still existing sparkling wine cellar Kessler Sekt</li> <li>Hermann Kurz (1813–1873), poet, author and translator, father of <a href="/wiki/Isolde_Kurz" title="Isolde Kurz">Isolde Kurz</a></li> <li>Alfred Leikam (1915–1992), notary, politician and mayor, <a href="/wiki/Righteous_among_the_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Righteous among the Nations">Righteous among the Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mayer" title="Karl Mayer">Karl Mayer</a> (1819–1889), politician, member of parliament and parliamentary deputy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Merz" title="Otto Merz">Otto Merz</a> (1889–1933), race car driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Motteler" title="Julius Motteler">Julius Motteler</a> (1838–1907), leading member of the early German workers' movement, Reichstag deputy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Murr" title="Wilhelm Murr">Wilhelm Murr</a> (1888–1945), German politician (NSDAP), Gauleiter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Restle" title="Georg Restle">Georg Restle</a> (born 1965), journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Rue%C3%9F" title="Paula Rueß">Paula Rueß</a> (1902–1980), German resistance fighter (French Resistance) and feminist</li> <li>Thomas Ruf (1911–1996), German politician (CDU), Member of Bundestag district Esslingen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Sailer" title="Max Sailer">Max Sailer</a> (1882–1964), car racing driver and engineer</li> <li>Heinrich Schickhardt (1558–1635), builder</li> <li>Louis Schlegel (1858–1929), German politician (SPD), Member of Reichstag and Landtag</li> <li>Ronja Schmitt (born 1989), German politician (CDU), Member of Bundestag</li> <li>Jakob Ferdinand Schreiber (1809–1868), founder of J.F.Schreiber, a publisher known for its children books</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/oberbuergermeisterwahl-esslingen-am-neckar-2021/">Oberbürgermeisterwahl Esslingen 2021</a>, Staatsanzeiger.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik-bw.de/BevoelkGebiet/Bevoelk_I_D_A_vj.csv">"Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022"</a> [Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022] <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Statistisches_Landesamt_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg">Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg</a>. June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+Nationalit%C3%A4t+und+Geschlecht+am+31.+Dezember+2022&rft.pub=Statistisches+Landesamt+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-bw.de%2FBevoelkGebiet%2FBevoelk_I_D_A_vj.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/nieder_9120_SV_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=771428">"Niederschlag: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020"</a> [Precipitation: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. <i>dwd.de</i> (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dwd.de&rft.atitle=Niederschlag%3A+vielj%C3%A4hrige+Mittelwerte+1991+-+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDE%2Fleistungen%2Fklimadatendeutschland%2Fmittelwerte%2Fnieder_9120_SV_html.html%3Fview%3DnasPublication%26nn%3D771428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather2visit.com/europe/germany/esslingen.htm">"Esslingen monthly weather averages"</a>. <i>Dwd.de</i>. Deutscher Wetterdienst<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dwd.de&rft.atitle=Esslingen+monthly+weather+averages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather2visit.com%2Feurope%2Fgermany%2Fesslingen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/esslingen-climate">"Climate and monthly weather forecast for Esslingen, Germany"</a>. <i>Weather atlas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weather+atlas&rft.atitle=Climate+and+monthly+weather+forecast+for+Esslingen%2C+Germany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Fgermany%2Fesslingen-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graduate-school.de/mba">"MBA in International Industrial Management"</a>. Graduate-school.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MBA+in+International+Industrial+Management&rft.pub=Graduate-school.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graduate-school.de%2Fmba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graduate-school.de/asm">"MEng in Automotive Systems"</a>. Graduate-school.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEng+in+Automotive+Systems&rft.pub=Graduate-school.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graduate-school.de%2Fasm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graduate-school.de/ddm">"MEng in Design and Development for Mechanical and Automotive Engineering"</a>. Graduate-school.de. 8 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEng+in+Design+and+Development+for+Mechanical+and+Automotive+Engineering&rft.pub=Graduate-school.de&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graduate-school.de%2Fddm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graduate-school.de">"graduate-school.de"</a>. graduate-school.de. 8 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=graduate-school.de&rft.pub=graduate-school.de&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graduate-school.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esslingen.de/start/es_themen/partnerstaedte.html">"Esslingen und seine Partnerstädte"</a>. <i>esslingen.de</i> (in German). Esslingen am Neckar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esslingen.de&rft.atitle=Esslingen+und+seine+Partnerst%C3%A4dte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esslingen.de%2Fstart%2Fes_themen%2Fpartnerstaedte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEsslingen+am+Neckar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swabian_League" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swabian_League" title="Template:Swabian League"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swabian_League" title="Template talk:Swabian League"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian League"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swabian_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swabian_League" title="Swabian League">Swabian League</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_War" title="Swabian War">Swabian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights%27_War" title="Knights' War">Knights' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franconian_War" title="Franconian War">Franconian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War" title="German Peasants' War">Peasants' War</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the Swabian League"><img alt="Arms of the Swabian League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Swabian_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Baden" title="Margraviate of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bayreuth" title="Principality of Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Ansbach" title="Principality of Ansbach">Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esslingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Mainz" title="Electorate of Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Trier" title="Electorate of Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="County of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Swabian_League" title="Category:Swabian League">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Schw%C3%A4bischer_Bund" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Schwäbischer Bund"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Swabian_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swabian_Circle" title="Template:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swabian_Circle" title="Template talk:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian_Circle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swabian Circle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Swabian_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian Circle</a> (1500–1806) of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Ecclesiastical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Augsburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Constance" title="Prince-Bishopric of Constance">Constance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellwangen_Abbey" title="Ellwangen Abbey">Ellwangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_Abbey_of_Kempten" title="Princely Abbey of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau_Abbey" title="Lindau Abbey">Lindau</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/150px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/225px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg/300px-Locator_Swabian_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BCrst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsfürst">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Baden" title="Margraviate of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenberg" title="Heiligenberg">Heiligenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Hechingen" title="Hohenzollern-Hechingen">Hohenzollern-Hechingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klettgau" title="Klettgau">Klettgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Vaduz" title="County of Vaduz">Vaduz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg" title="Waldburg">Waldburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Scheer" title="Waldburg-Scheer">Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Trauchburg" title="Waldburg-Trauchburg">Trauchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Waldsee" title="Waldburg-Waldsee">Waldsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Wolfegg" title="Waldburg-Wolfegg">Wolfegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Wurzach" title="Waldburg-Wurzach">Wurzach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldburg-Zeil" title="Waldburg-Zeil">Zeil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchy of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prince-abbot" title="Prince-abbot">Prelates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baindt_Abbey" title="Baindt Abbey">Baindt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchau_Abbey" title="Buchau Abbey">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elchingen_Abbey" title="Elchingen Abbey">Elchingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach_Abbey" title="Gengenbach Abbey">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutenzell_Abbey" title="Gutenzell Abbey">Gutenzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heggbach_Abbey" title="Heggbach Abbey">Heggbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irsee_Abbey" title="Irsee Abbey">Irsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisheim_Abbey" title="Kaisheim Abbey">Kaisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commandry_of_Mainau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commandry of Mainau (page does not exist)">Mainau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchtal_Abbey" title="Marchtal Abbey">Marchtal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neresheim_Abbey" title="Neresheim Abbey">Neresheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochsenhausen_Abbey" title="Ochsenhausen Abbey">Ochsenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petershausen_Abbey" title="Petershausen Abbey">Petershausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roggenburg_Abbey" title="Roggenburg Abbey">Roggenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rot_an_der_Rot_Abbey" title="Rot an der Rot Abbey">Rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottenm%C3%BCnster_Abbey" title="Rottenmünster Abbey">Rottenmünster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Abbey" title="Salem Abbey">Salmanweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Abbey,_Isny" title="St. George's Abbey, Isny">St. George's in Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schussenried_Abbey" title="Schussenried Abbey">Schussenried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6flingen_Abbey" title="Söflingen Abbey">Söflingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursberg_Abbey" title="Ursberg Abbey">Ursberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weingarten_Abbey" title="Weingarten Abbey">Weingarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weissenau_Abbey" title="Weissenau Abbey">Weißenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wettenhausen_Abbey" title="Wettenhausen Abbey">Wettenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwiefalten_Abbey" title="Zwiefalten Abbey">Zwiefalten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Counts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herr_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herr (title)">Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altshausen" title="Altshausen">Altshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baar,_Swabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Baar, Swabia">Baar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondorf" title="Bondorf">Bondorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Eberstein" title="County of Eberstein">Eberstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenstein_(Reutlingen)" title="Hohenstein (Reutlingen)">Eglingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Eglofs" title="Lordship of Eglofs">Eglofs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugger_family" title="Fugger family">Fugger</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Jakob)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Jakob) (page does not exist)">Jakob</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Johann)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Johann) (page does not exist)">Johann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger_(Line_of_Markus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (Line of Markus) (page does not exist)">Markus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundelfingen" title="Gundelfingen">Gundelfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigmarinen-Gutenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigmarinen-Gutenstein (page does not exist)">Gutenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordship_of_Hausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lordship of Hausen (page does not exist)">Hausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenberg" title="Heiligenberg">Heiligenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Helfenstein" title="House of Helfenstein">Helfenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenems" title="Hohenems">Hohenems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohengeroldseck" title="Hohengeroldseck">Hohengeroldseck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schelklingen" title="Schelklingen">Justingen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinzigerthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinzigerthal (page does not exist)">Kinzigerthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsegg-Aulendorf" title="Königsegg-Aulendorf">Königsegg and Aulendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustenau" title="Lustenau">Lustenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C3%9Fkirch" title="Meßkirch">Meßkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindelheim" title="Mindelheim">Mindelheim</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwabegg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwabegg (page does not exist)">Schwabegg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberdischingen" title="Oberdischingen">Oberdischingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oettingen_in_Bayern" title="Oettingen in Bayern">Öttingen</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ttingen-Baldern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öttingen-Baldern (page does not exist)">Baldern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oettingen-Oettingen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Oettingen-Oettingen">Öttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oettingen-Wallerstein" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Oettingen-Wallerstein">Wallerstein</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechberg_and_Rothenl%C3%B6wen" title="Rechberg and Rothenlöwen">Rechberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsegg-Rothenfels" title="Königsegg-Rothenfels">Rothenfels and Stauffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%BChlingen" title="Stühlingen">Stühlingen and Hohenhöwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tettnang" title="Tettnang">Tettnang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Langenargen" title="Langenargen">Langenargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thannhausen" title="Thannhausen">Thannhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesensteig" title="Wiesensteig">Wiesensteig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchhorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchhorn">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <b>Swabian</b>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> · <span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_imperial_cities" title="Template talk:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_imperial_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free imperial cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_imperial_cities_of_the_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free imperial cities</a> of the <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_1792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen" title="Free Imperial City of Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessenich" title="Kessenich">Kessenich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>D, S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nuremberg" title="Free Imperial City of Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_in_Bayern" title="Weißenburg in Bayern">Weißenburg in Bayern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Windsheim" title="Bad Windsheim">Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/150px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/225px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/300px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span><br /><small>Free Imperial Cities by 1792</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lost_imperial_immediacy_or_no_longer_part_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_by_1792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lost <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">Bern</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Free Imperial City of Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakel,_Germany" title="Brakel, Germany">Brakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diessenhofen" title="Diessenhofen">Diessenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren" title="Düren">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaysersberg</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Kolmar</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemgo" title="Lemgo">Lemgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Munster</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeddersheim" title="Pfeddersheim">Pfeddersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinfelden_(Aargau)" title="Rheinfelden (Aargau)">Rheinfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrebourg" title="Sarrebourg">Sarrebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkalden" title="Schmalkalden">Schmalkalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltz" title="Seltz">Seltz</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Turckheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verden_an_der_Aller" class="mw-redirect" title="Verden an der Aller">Verden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg in Elsaß</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Zürich">Zürich</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>D</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></li> <li><sup><small>H</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li> <li><sup><small>S</small></sup> Member or associate of the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Towns_and_municipalities_in_Esslingen_(district)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_and_towns_in_Esslingen_(district)" title="Template:Cities and towns in Esslingen (district)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_and_towns_in_Esslingen_(district)" title="Template talk:Cities and towns in Esslingen (district)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_and_towns_in_Esslingen_(district)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities and towns in Esslingen (district)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Towns_and_municipalities_in_Esslingen_(district)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Towns and municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_(district)" title="Esslingen (district)">Esslingen (district)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichtal" title="Aichtal">Aichtal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichwald" title="Aichwald">Aichwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altbach" title="Altbach">Altbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Esslingen" title="Altdorf, Esslingen">Altdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altenriet" title="Altenriet">Altenriet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltmannsweiler" title="Baltmannsweiler">Baltmannsweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bempflingen" title="Bempflingen">Bempflingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuren,_Esslingen" title="Beuren, Esslingen">Beuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissingen_an_der_Teck" title="Bissingen an der Teck">Bissingen (Teck)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deizisau" title="Deizisau">Deizisau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denkendorf,_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Denkendorf, Baden-Württemberg">Denkendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dettingen_unter_Teck" title="Dettingen unter Teck">Dettingen (Teck)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erkenbrechtsweiler" title="Erkenbrechtsweiler">Erkenbrechtsweiler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esslingen am Neckar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filderstadt" title="Filderstadt">Filderstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frickenhausen" title="Frickenhausen">Frickenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fbettlingen" title="Großbettlingen">Großbettlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochdorf,_Esslingen" title="Hochdorf, Esslingen">Hochdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holzmaden" title="Holzmaden">Holzmaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchheim_unter_Teck" title="Kirchheim unter Teck">Kirchheim (Teck)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlberg,_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kohlberg, Baden-Württemberg">Kohlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ngen" title="Köngen">Köngen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leinfelden-Echterdingen" title="Leinfelden-Echterdingen">Leinfelden-Echterdingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenningen" title="Lenningen">Lenningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtenwald" title="Lichtenwald">Lichtenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckartailfingen" title="Neckartailfingen">Neckartailfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckartenzlingen" title="Neckartenzlingen">Neckartenzlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neidlingen" title="Neidlingen">Neidlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuffen" title="Neuffen">Neuffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuhausen_auf_den_Fildern" title="Neuhausen auf den Fildern">Neuhausen (Fildern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notzingen" title="Notzingen">Notzingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrtingen" title="Nürtingen">Nürtingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberboihingen" title="Oberboihingen">Oberboihingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohmden" title="Ohmden">Ohmden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostfildern" title="Ostfildern">Ostfildern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen,_Germany" title="Owen, Germany">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plochingen" title="Plochingen">Plochingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_an_der_Fils" title="Reichenbach an der Fils">Reichenbach an der Fils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlaitdorf" title="Schlaitdorf">Schlaitdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterensingen" title="Unterensingen">Unterensingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weilheim_an_der_Teck" title="Weilheim an der Teck">Weilheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendlingen" title="Wendlingen">Wendlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernau" title="Wernau">Wernau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfschlugen" title="Wolfschlugen">Wolfschlugen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Landkreis_Esslingen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms"><img alt="Coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wappen_Landkreis_Esslingen.svg/30px-Wappen_Landkreis_Esslingen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wappen_Landkreis_Esslingen.svg/45px-Wappen_Landkreis_Esslingen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Wappen_Landkreis_Esslingen.svg/60px-Wappen_Landkreis_Esslingen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1057" data-file-height="1133" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3786#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3786#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3786#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405817837">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312739560">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1210187/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkxDBF8J9jYFCg93qXDbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4015575-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80123094">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11952782g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11952782g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Esslingen (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge379374&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=183686">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559785405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6738a4f0-effa-4da5-aaf5-4df8c4845644">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02961550X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&oldid=1253303635">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esslingen_am_Neckar&oldid=1253303635</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Towns_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Category:Towns in Baden-Württemberg">Towns in 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