CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Battle of Benfleet - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"27e51947-8232-458e-9db0-822597347e85","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Battle_of_Benfleet","wgTitle":"Battle of Benfleet","wgCurRevisionId":1225806111,"wgRevisionId":1225806111,"wgArticleId":71623600,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter","South Benfleet","Battles involving Wessex","Battles involving the Vikings","894","890s conflicts","9th century in England","Battles involving Mercia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Battle_of_Benfleet","wgRelevantArticleId":71623600,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":51.55,"lon":0.56},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q113947145", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Battle of Benfleet - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Benfleet"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Benfleet"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Battle_of_Benfleet rootpage-Battle_of_Benfleet skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Benfleet" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Benfleet" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Battle+of+Benfleet" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Battle+of+Benfleet" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Situation_in_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situation_in_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Situation in England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situation_in_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Benfleet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Benfleet" title="Slaget ved Benfleet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget ved Benfleet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113947145#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benfleet" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Benfleet" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benfleet"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benfleet"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Battle_of_Benfleet" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Battle_of_Benfleet" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&oldid=1225806111" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Battle_of_Benfleet&id=1225806111&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Benfleet"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_Benfleet"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113947145" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Benfleet&params=51.55_N_0.56_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°33′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°34′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.55°N 0.56°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.55; 0.56</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">894 battle between Vikings and Wessex</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Benfleet</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Viking_activity_in_the_British_Isles" title="Viking activity in the British Isles">Viking invasions of England</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>894</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/South_Benfleet" title="South Benfleet">South Benfleet</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Benfleet&params=51.55_N_0.56_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°33′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°34′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.55°N 0.56°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.55; 0.56</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred,_Lord_of_the_Mercians" title="Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians">Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Combat losses unknown<br />Women and children captured<br />Ships lost</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;border:none"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Essex_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of Benfleet is located in Essex"><img alt="Battle of Benfleet is located in Essex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Essex_UK_location_map.svg/220px-Essex_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Essex_UK_location_map.svg/330px-Essex_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Essex_UK_location_map.svg/440px-Essex_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.159%;left:44.928%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Battle of Benfleet"><img alt="Battle of Benfleet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Essex_UK_location_map.svg" title="File:Essex UK location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location within Essex</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Viking_invasions_of_England" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Viking_invasions_of_England" title="Template:Campaignbox Viking invasions of England"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Viking_invasions_of_England" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Viking invasions of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Viking_invasions_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Viking invasions of England"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Viking_invasions_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:91%;"><a href="/wiki/Viking_activity_in_the_British_Isles" title="Viking activity in the British Isles"><span class="wrap">Viking invasions of England</span></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="font-size:96%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hingston_Down" title="Battle of Hingston Down">Hingston Down</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army" title="Great Heathen Army">Great Heathen Army</a> (865–78)</i></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aclea" title="Battle of Aclea">Alcea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York_(867)" title="Battle of York (867)">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Englefield" title="Battle of Englefield">Englefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reading_(871)" title="Battle of Reading (871)">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashdown" title="Battle of Ashdown">Ashdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basing" title="Battle of Basing">Basing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meretun" title="Battle of Meretun">Meretun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippenham" title="Battle of Chippenham">Chippenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edington" title="Battle of Edington">Edington/Ethandun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynwit" title="Battle of Cynwit">Cynwit</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><i><a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">The Danelaw</a> (886–954)</i></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rochester" title="Battle of Rochester">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farnham" title="Battle of Farnham">Farnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buttington" title="Battle of Buttington">Buttington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_(894)" title="Battle of Stamford (894)">First Stamford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Holme" title="Battle of the Holme">The Holme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tettenhall" title="Battle of Tettenhall">Tettenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tempsford" title="Battle of Tempsford">Tempsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derby" title="Battle of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold%27s_Revolt" title="Æthelwold's Revolt">Æthelwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_(918)" title="Battle of Stamford (918)">Second Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corbridge" title="Battle of Corbridge">Corbridge</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Brunanburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stainmore" title="Battle of Stainmore">Stainmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maldon" title="Battle of Maldon">Maldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Alton" title="First Battle of Alton">First Alton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Brice%27s_Day_massacre" title="St Brice's Day massacre">St Brice's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinhoe" title="Battle of Pinhoe">Pinhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thetford" title="Battle of Thetford">Thetford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ringmere" title="Battle of Ringmere">Ringmere</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><i><a href="/wiki/Cnut#Conquest_of_England" title="Cnut">Cnut's invasion</a> (1015–16)</i></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Assandun" title="Battle of Assandun">Assandun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brentford_(1016)" title="Battle of Brentford (1016)">Brentford</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><i><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada#Invasion_of_England" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald's invasion</a> (1066)</i></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_Revolt_of_1065" title="Northumbrian Revolt of 1065">Northumbrian Revolt of 1065</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fulford" title="Battle of Fulford">Fulford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge" title="Battle of Stamford Bridge">Stamford Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Benfleet</b> was an 894 battle between the <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred,_Lord_of_the_Mercians" title="Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians">Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians</a>, the son and son-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a> respectively. The battle was part of a campaign started by the Vikings in 892 to raid and potentially occupy lands in England, having been defeated by the armies of France. As part of this campaign the invaders were supported by those Vikings who had settled in England following an earlier invasion launched in 865. The battle was a victory for the Anglo-Saxons who successfully captured a number of women and children, as well as capturing or destroying the Viking ships. </p><p>After their defeat the Vikings continued to raid England until they disbanded in 895 after being forced to abandon a series of camps. The rest of Alfred's reign was peaceful, and he was succeeded by Edward as King of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> in 899. In time Edward would become the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>, uniting the two kingdoms. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Situation_in_England">Situation in England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Situation in England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:England_878.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/England_878.svg/220px-England_878.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/England_878.svg/330px-England_878.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/England_878.svg/440px-England_878.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="1229" /></a><figcaption>England in 878</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the victory of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a> over <a href="/wiki/Guthrum" title="Guthrum">Guthrum</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edington" title="Battle of Edington">battle of Eddington</a> in 878, Guthrum became King of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">East Anglia</a> and his army settled in that area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWormald2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWormald2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked the end of the campaigns of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army" title="Great Heathen Army">Great Heathen Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> who had first attacked England in 865. Added to the land of East Anglia were those of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a> and south-east <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>, forming Guthrum's kingdom, while <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> had been broken up, with the richest part forming the Viking <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_York" title="Scandinavian York">kingdom of York</a> under <a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Ragnarsson" title="Halfdan Ragnarsson">Halfdan</a>, while the northern part survived under a local ruler, Eadwulf, ruling from <a href="/wiki/Bamburgh" title="Bamburgh">Bamburgh</a>. Mercia had also been broken up with the area west of Watling Street ruled by <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred,_Lord_of_the_Mercians" title="Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians">Aethelred</a>, Alfred's son-in-law, and the area east of this but west of Guthrum's realm was controlled by a series of towns under Viking rule acting as independent states, and became known as the <a href="/wiki/Five_Boroughs_of_the_Danelaw" title="Five Boroughs of the Danelaw">Five Boroughs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2019The_New_Condition_of_England_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2019The_New_Condition_of_England-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area under Viking control became known as the <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>, signifying the Danish influence of the Vikings upon the local laws.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyer2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyer2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alfred then reorganized the defence of his kingdom, creating fortified towns known as <i><a href="/wiki/Burh" title="Burh">burhs</a></i> to defend major sites and lines of communication. He also reorganised the <i><a href="/wiki/Fyrd" title="Fyrd">fyrd</a></i>, the <i>ad hoc</i> levy of men for military service, into a mobile standing force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalfond201552_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalfond201552-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together these changes allowed Alfred's armies to simultaneously defend against attacks from multiple directions, as would occur in the period 892–895.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalfond201561_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalfond201561-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign">Campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the peace between Alfred and Guthrum, <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> was mostly free of Viking raids from the north. The potential for a renewal of war between Wessex and the Vikings was increased when Guthrum died in the 880s and was further enhanced when the Vikings in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> suffered crushing defeats against the French armies. The Vikings left France in 892 loading their families, animals and equipment into 250 boats, landing in the area of the Rother river in south-east England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202067_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202067-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Vikings rapidly overran Alfred's fortified town of <a href="/wiki/Eorpeburnan" title="Eorpeburnan">Eorpeburnan</a> before moving to <a href="/wiki/Appledore,_Kent" title="Appledore, Kent">Appledore</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> where they built a small fortified town. At this point a second Viking fleet, led by <a href="/wiki/Haestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Haestan">Haestan</a> and consisting of 800 men, sailed up the Thames and landed at <a href="/wiki/Milton_Regis" title="Milton Regis">Milton Regis</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Sheppey" title="Isle of Sheppey">Isle of Sheppey</a>. Unable to face both armies at once, Alfred negotiated a peace agreement with Haestan whereby both the Viking's sons were baptised and he agreed to leave Wessex in return for a sizeable payment. After this, Haestan withdrew to <a href="/wiki/South_Benfleet" title="South Benfleet">Benfleet</a> in Essex.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202068_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202068-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Alfred's negotiations with Haestan were ongoing the Vikings out of Appledore in the spring of 893 began raiding across Wessex until they were intercepted by <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward</a>, Alfred's son, and routed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farnham" title="Battle of Farnham">battle of Farnham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Danish_invasion_of_892_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Danish_invasion_of_892-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202069-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Vikings then retreated to, and fortified Thorney Island, situated in the braided <a href="/wiki/River_Colne,_Hertfordshire" title="River Colne, Hertfordshire">River Colne</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Iver" title="Iver">Iver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202069-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward initially besieged the island but with supplies short and his men nearing the end of their term of service he was forced to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Danish_invasion_of_892_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Danish_invasion_of_892-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alfred had intended to relieve Edward's army when he heard a fleet of 100 ships out of Danelaw was besieging Exeter and another fleet of 40 ships was raiding the Devon coast. Alfred was forced to turn to face the Vikings at Exeter while Edward was joined by Aethelred and a contingent of Londoners and returned to Thorney, finding the Vikings still there. After taking hostages Edward allowed the Vikings to retreat to Benfleet, to join those under the command of Haestan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 894, Edward and Aethelred followed the Vikings to Benfleet where Haestan was absent on a raiding expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Anglo-Saxons broke into the camp and managed to capture a number of women and children, including Haestan's wife and two sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202069-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haestan's family were sent to Alfred,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202069-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who returned them to Haestan as part of the subsequent negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Viking ships were also captured, with many being sent to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202069-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest were broken up or burnt. The surviving Vikings were joined by Haestan at <a href="/wiki/Shoeburyness" title="Shoeburyness">Shoebury</a>, where they made a new camp. The battle of Benfleet was one of the most complete victories gained over the Vikings on English soil up to that point.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evidence of the battle was found during the construction of <a href="/wiki/Benfleet_railway_station" title="Benfleet railway station">Benfleet railway station</a> during the 19th century when human bones and charred timbers were discovered. It is possible that the Anglo-Saxon dead were buried near <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_the_Virgin,_South_Benfleet" title="Church of St Mary the Virgin, South Benfleet">Benfleet church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarren2006Battlefield_Archaeology_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarren2006Battlefield_Archaeology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Shoebury, the Vikings received reinforcements from within the Danelaw, and then relocated across England to <a href="/wiki/Buttington" title="Buttington">Buttington</a>. This was near the Welsh border and Haestan sought the help of the Welsh princes, but they instead chose to honour an existing alliance with Alfred, recognising him as their overlord.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202070_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202070-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aethelred and the <a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">Ealdormen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a> raised a great levy, and were joined by men from North Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This force besieged the Vikings and won a victory after the defenders were forced to attempt a breakout due to starvation. After this defeat the surviving Vikings fled back to Shoebury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202070_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202070-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Anglo-Saxon army pursued them and forced them to leave Wessex and head for the deserted ruins of <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>. They were compelled by hunger and disease to abandon this position and moved into North Wales, where they pillaged for provisions. After nine months the Vikings left Wales and travelled through the Viking-held territories of Northumbria and East Anglia to reach <a href="/wiki/Mersea_Island" title="Mersea Island">Mersea Island</a> in Essex.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202071_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202071-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaving the island after a short time they sailed up the Lea river and established a camp near London. Alfred forced them out of this camp in 895 and the Vikings rode across England to establish a new camp at <a href="/wiki/Bridgnorth" title="Bridgnorth">Bridgnorth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202072_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202072-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Bridgnorth was besieged a diplomatic mission was sent to the Vikings of Northumbria and East Anglia to eliminate their support for the invaders. Once this had been accomplished, the Vikings at Bridgnorth disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202073_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202073-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until Alfred's death in 899, relations between the Anglo-Saxons and their neighbours were largely peaceful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202073_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202073-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his death Alfred was succeeded by Edward as King of Wessex,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWormald2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWormald2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Aethelred was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d" title="Æthelflæd">Aethelflaed</a>, his wife, as ruler of the Mercians upon his death in 911.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECostambeys2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECostambeys2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward took personal control of Mercia following Aethelflaed's death in 918, uniting the two kingdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECostambeys2018_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECostambeys2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWormald2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWormald2006_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWormald2006_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWormald2006">Wormald 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrainger2019The_New_Condition_of_England-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrainger2019The_New_Condition_of_England_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrainger2019">Grainger 2019</a>, The New Condition of England.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyer2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyer2010_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSawyer2010">Sawyer 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalfond201552-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalfond201552_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalfond2015">Halfond 2015</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalfond201561-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalfond201561_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalfond2015">Halfond 2015</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202067-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202067_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2020">Potter 2020</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202068-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202068_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2020">Potter 2020</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Danish_invasion_of_892-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Danish_invasion_of_892_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Danish_invasion_of_892_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKendrick2018">Kendrick 2018</a>, Danish invasion of 892.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202069-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202069_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2020">Potter 2020</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKendrick2018Three_Years_War_893-6_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKendrick2018">Kendrick 2018</a>, Three Years War 893-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017The_Battle_of_Benfleet,_894_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2017">Williams 2017</a>, The Battle of Benfleet, 894.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarren2006Battlefield_Archaeology-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarren2006Battlefield_Archaeology_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarren2006">Marren 2006</a>, Battlefield Archaeology.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202070-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202070_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202070_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2020">Potter 2020</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202071-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202071_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2020">Potter 2020</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202072-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202072_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2020">Potter 2020</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotter202073-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202073_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotter202073_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotter2020">Potter 2020</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECostambeys2004-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECostambeys2004_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCostambeys2004">Costambeys 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECostambeys2018-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECostambeys2018_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCostambeys2018">Costambeys 2018</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCostambeys2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Costambeys, Marios (2004). "Æthelred". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F52311">10.1093/ref:odnb/52311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C3%86thelred&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F52311&rft.aulast=Costambeys&rft.aufirst=Marios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostambeys2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Costambeys, Marios (2018). "Æthelflæd [Ethelfleda]". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8907">10.1093/ref:odnb/8907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d+%5BEthelfleda%5D&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8907&rft.aulast=Costambeys&rft.aufirst=Marios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrainger2019" class="citation book cs1">Grainger, John D. (30 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ik8IEAAAQBAJ&dq=haestan&pg=PT79"><i>The United Kingdom: The Unification & Disintegration of Britain Since AD 43</i></a>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-4820-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-4820-1"><bdi>978-1-5267-4820-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Kingdom%3A+The+Unification+%26+Disintegration+of+Britain+Since+AD+43&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2019-03-30&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-4820-1&rft.aulast=Grainger&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dik8IEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dhaestan%26pg%3DPT79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalfond2015" class="citation book cs1">Halfond, Gregory I. (28 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1mXVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47"><i>The Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military History in Honor of Bernard S. Bachrach</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-1960-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-1960-6"><bdi>978-1-4724-1960-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Medieval+Way+of+War%3A+Studies+in+Medieval+Military+History+in+Honor+of+Bernard+S.+Bachrach&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4724-1960-6&rft.aulast=Halfond&rft.aufirst=Gregory+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1mXVBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendrick2018" class="citation book cs1">Kendrick, Sir Thomas D. (24 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Hh0DwAAQBAJ&dq=battle+of+benfleet&pg=PT247"><i>A History of the Vikings</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-24239-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-24239-7"><bdi>978-1-136-24239-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Vikings&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft.isbn=978-1-136-24239-7&rft.aulast=Kendrick&rft.aufirst=Sir+Thomas+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Hh0DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbattle%2Bof%2Bbenfleet%26pg%3DPT247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarren2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Marren" title="Peter Marren">Marren, Peter</a> (18 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XOK3DwAAQBAJ&dq=battle+of+benfleet&pg=PT53"><i>Battles of the Dark Ages</i></a>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-706-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-706-4"><bdi>978-1-84884-706-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+Dark+Ages&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2006-09-18&rft.isbn=978-1-84884-706-4&rft.aulast=Marren&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXOK3DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbattle%2Bof%2Bbenfleet%26pg%3DPT53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2020" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Philip J. (30 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bn3oDwAAQBAJ&dq=battle+of+benfleet&pg=PA69"><i>The Mighty Warrior Kings: From the Ashes of the Roman Empire to the New Ruling Order</i></a>. Pen and Sword History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-5629-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-5629-9"><bdi>978-1-5267-5629-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mighty+Warrior+Kings%3A+From+the+Ashes+of+the+Roman+Empire+to+the+New+Ruling+Order&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+History&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-5629-9&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBn3oDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbattle%2Bof%2Bbenfleet%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyer2010" class="citation book cs1">Sawyer, Peter (1 January 2010). "Danelaw". In Bjork, Robert E. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624-e-1669?rskey=MyUicg&result=7"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866262-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866262-4"><bdi>978-0-19-866262-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Danelaw&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-866262-4&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198662624.001.0001%2Facref-9780198662624-e-1669%3Frskey%3DMyUicg%26result%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2017" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Judith (18 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AIMsDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Battle+of+benfleet%22&pg=PT5"><i>The Little History of Essex</i></a>. The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-8514-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-8514-7"><bdi>978-0-7509-8514-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+History+of+Essex&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-8514-7&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAIMsDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Battle%2Bof%2Bbenfleet%2522%26pg%3DPT5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWormald2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wormald, Patrick (2006). "Alfred [Ælfred]". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F183">10.1093/ref:odnb/183</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alfred+%5B%C3%86lfred%5D&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F183&rft.aulast=Wormald&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Benfleet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" title="Template:Viking activity in Great Britain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" title="Template talk:Viking activity in Great Britain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Viking activity in Great Britain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Viking_activity_in_Great_Britain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viking_activity_in_the_British_Isles" title="Viking activity in the British Isles">Viking activity in Great Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anglo-Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major monarchs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offa_of_Mercia" title="Offa of Mercia">Offa of Mercia</a> (757–796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lla_of_Northumbria" title="Ælla of Northumbria">Ælla of Northumbria</a> (unk–867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_the_Martyr" title="Edmund the Martyr">Edmund the Martyr</a> of East Anglia (855–869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready" title="Æthelred the Unready">Æthelred the Unready</a> (978–1013, 1014–1016)</li> <li>Wessex: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht,_King_of_Wessex" title="Ecgberht, King of Wessex">Ecgberht</a> (802–839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf,_King_of_Wessex" title="Æthelwulf, King of Wessex">Æthelwulf</a> (839–858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a> (871–899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a> (899–924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelstan" title="Æthelstan">Æthelstan</a> (924–939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a> (946–954</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred,_Lord_of_the_Mercians" title="Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians">Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 881</span>–911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d" title="Æthelflæd">Æthelflæd</a>, Lady of the Mercians (911–918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odda,_Ealdorman_of_Devon" title="Odda, Ealdorman of Devon">Odda, Ealdorman of Devon</a> (878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere,_Ealdorman_of_Wiltshire" title="Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire">Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire</a> (855–?877)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monarchs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kn%C3%BDtlinga" title="House of Knýtlinga">Knýtlinga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Harthacnut</a> (1035–1042)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnut" title="Cnut">Cnut</a> (1016–1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Harefoot" title="Harold Harefoot">Harold Harefoot</a> (1035–1040)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svein_Knutsson" title="Svein Knutsson">Svein Knutsson</a> (1030–1035)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guthred" title="Guthred">Guthred</a> (883–895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Bloodaxe" title="Eric Bloodaxe">Eric Bloodaxe</a> (947–948, 952–954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cuar%C3%A1n" title="Amlaíb Cuarán">Amlaíb Cuarán</a> (941–944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofraid_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Gofraid ua Ímair">Gofraid ua Ímair</a> (921–934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson" title="Olaf Guthfrithson">Olaf Guthfrithson</a> (939–941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall ua Ímair">Ragnall ua Ímair</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 914</span>–921)</li></ul></li> <li>England <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a> (1013–1014)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgberht_I_of_Northumbria" title="Ecgberht I of Northumbria">Ecgberht I of Northumbria</a> (867–872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgred_of_Mercia" title="Burgred of Mercia">Burgred of Mercia</a> (852–874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolwulf_II_of_Mercia" title="Ceolwulf II of Mercia">Ceolwulf II of Mercia</a> (874–880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eohric_of_East_Anglia" title="Eohric of East Anglia">Eohric of East Anglia</a> (917–927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivar_the_Boneless" title="Ivar the Boneless">Ivar the Boneless</a> (865–870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfdan_Ragnarsson" title="Halfdan Ragnarsson">Halfdan Ragnarsson</a> (865–877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubba" title="Ubba">Ubba</a> (865–878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvitserk" title="Hvitserk">Hvitserk</a> (865–870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthrum" title="Guthrum">Guthrum</a> (874–890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastein#"Hastein"_in_England" title="Hastein">Hastein</a> (892–896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorkell_the_Tall" title="Thorkell the Tall">Thorkell the Tall</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 970</span>–1024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viking raids: 793–850</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne#Vikings" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> (793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Sheppey#Vikings" title="Isle of Sheppey">Isle of Sheppey</a> (835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hingston_Down" title="Battle of Hingston Down">Battle of Hingston Down</a> (838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rochester,_Kent#Saxon" title="History of Rochester, Kent">Battle of Rochester</a> (842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carhampton#History" title="Carhampton">Carhampton</a> (843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aclea" title="Battle of Aclea">Battle of Aclea</a> (851)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First invasion 865–896</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Great_Heathen_Army(865–78)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army" title="Great Heathen Army">Great Heathen Army</a><br />(865–78)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York_(867)" title="Battle of York (867)">Battle of York</a> (867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nottingham#Anglo-Saxon_era" title="History of Nottingham">Siege of Nottingham</a> (867)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Englefield" title="Battle of Englefield">Battle of Englefield</a> (870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashdown" title="Battle of Ashdown">Battle of Ashdown</a> (871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Meretun" title="Battle of Meretun">Battle of Meretun</a> (871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basing" title="Battle of Basing">Battle of Basing</a> (871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reading_(871)" title="Battle of Reading (871)">Battle of Reading</a> (871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanage#History" title="Swanage">Sea Battle near Swanage</a> (877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippenham" title="Battle of Chippenham">Battle of Chippenham</a> (878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynwit" title="Battle of Cynwit">Battle of Cynwit</a> (878)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edington" title="Battle of Edington">Battle of Edington</a> (878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London#Anglo-Saxon_and_Viking_period_London" title="London">Battle of London</a> (886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter#Medieval_times" title="Exeter">Siege of Exeter</a> (893, 1001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnham#The_Anglo-Saxon_period" title="Farnham">Battle of Fearnhamme</a> (893)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Benfleet</a> (894)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">The Danelaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buttington" title="Battle of Buttington">Buttington</a> (893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_(894)" title="Battle of Stamford (894)">First Stamford</a> (894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Holme" title="Battle of the Holme">The Holme</a> (902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tettenhall" title="Battle of Tettenhall">Tettenhall</a> (910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tempsford" title="Battle of Tempsford">Tempsford</a> (917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derby" title="Battle of Derby">Derby</a> (917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_(918)" title="Battle of Stamford (918)">Second Stamford</a> (918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corbridge" title="Battle of Corbridge">Corbridge</a> (918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Brunanburh</a> (937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stainmore" title="Battle of Stainmore">Stainmore</a> (954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second invasion: 980–1012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">The Danelaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maldon" title="Battle of Maldon">Maldon</a> (991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinhoe" title="Battle of Pinhoe">Battle of Pinhoe</a> (1001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Alton" title="First Battle of Alton">First Alton</a> (1001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Brice%27s_Day_massacre" title="St Brice's Day massacre">St Brice's Day</a> (1002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ringmere" title="Battle of Ringmere">Ringmere</a> (1010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cnut%27s_invasion_of_England" title="Cnut's invasion of England">Cnut's invasion</a> (1015–1016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brentford_(1016)" title="Battle of Brentford (1016)">Brentford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Assandun" title="Battle of Assandun">Assandun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada#Invasion_of_England" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald's invasion</a> (1066)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fulford" title="Battle of Fulford">Fulford</a> (1066)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge" title="Battle of Stamford Bridge">Stamford Bridge</a> (1066)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viking settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a> (865–896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_York" title="Scandinavian York">Jorvik</a> (866–954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Empire" title="North Sea Empire">North Sea Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English <a href="/wiki/Petty_kingdom" title="Petty kingdom">petty kingdoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> (519–927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> (410–825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> (653–954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a> (527–918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">East Anglia</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Wedmore" title="Treaty of Wedmore">Treaty of Wedmore</a> (886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alfred_and_Guthrum" title="Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum">Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 890</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh_(poem)" title="Battle of Brunanburh (poem)">"Battle of Brunanburh" (poem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerdale_Hoard" title="Cuerdale Hoard">Cuerdale Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_runestones" title="England runestones">England runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furness_Hoard" title="Furness Hoard">Furness Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin" title="List of English words of Old Norse origin">List of English words of Old Norse origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Norse–Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Lodbrok" title="Ragnar Lodbrok">Ragnar Lodbrok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_diaspora_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom">Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverdale_Hoard" title="Silverdale Hoard">Silverdale Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_York_Hoard" title="Vale of York Hoard">Vale of York Hoard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&oldid=1225806111">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&oldid=1225806111</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_Benfleet" title="Category:South Benfleet">South Benfleet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Wessex" title="Category:Battles involving Wessex">Battles involving Wessex</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Vikings" title="Category:Battles involving the Vikings">Battles involving the Vikings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:894" title="Category:894">894</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:890s_conflicts" title="Category:890s conflicts">890s conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th_century_in_England" title="Category:9th century in England">9th century in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Mercia" title="Category:Battles involving Mercia">Battles involving Mercia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_ODNB_with_id_parameter" title="Category:Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter">Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 May 2024, at 20:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Benfleet&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-dnvbs","wgBackendResponseTime":185,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.420","walltime":"0.555","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3583,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":113365,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9314,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":55650,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 482.285 1 -total"," 39.74% 191.643 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 17.78% 85.766 31 Template:Sfn"," 16.45% 79.322 3 Template:Cite_odnb"," 15.85% 76.433 1 Template:Coord"," 14.43% 69.614 1 Template:Campaignbox_Viking_invasions_of_England"," 13.84% 66.741 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 9.37% 45.204 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.65% 36.895 8 Template:Navbox"," 7.01% 33.799 1 Template:Viking_Invasion_of_England"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.274","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6704313,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCostambeys2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCostambeys2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrainger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalfond2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKendrick2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarren2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotter2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawyer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWormald2006\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Campaignbox Viking invasions of England\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite odnb\"] = 3,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 31,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Viking Invasion of England\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-55c769cf79-tkwdx","timestamp":"20241125213324","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Battle of Benfleet","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Benfleet","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q113947145","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q113947145","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2022-08-28T23:27:33Z","dateModified":"2024-05-26T20:50:50Z","headline":"894 battle between Vikings and Wessex"}</script> </body> </html>