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Chase</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="سلمون بورتلاند تشيس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلمون بورتلاند تشيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C._%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سالمون پی. چیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سالمون پی. چیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B7" title="Сэман Портленд Чэйз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сэман Портленд Чэйз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C._%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سالمون پی. چیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سالمون پی. چیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%88%EB%A8%BC_P._%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="새먼 P. 체이스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="새먼 P. 체이스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_Portland_Chase" title="Salmon Portland Chase – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Salmon Portland Chase" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_Portland_Chase" title="Salmon Portland Chase – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Salmon Portland Chase" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1" title="סלמון צ'ייס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סלמון צ'ייס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="سلمون بورتلاند تشيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلمون بورتلاند تشيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_Chase" title="Salmon Chase – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Salmon Chase" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9" title="サーモン・チェイス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サーモン・チェイス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سالمون پی چیس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سالمون پی چیس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_Chase" title="Salmon Chase – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Salmon Chase" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Чейз, Салмон Портленд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чейз, Салмон Портленд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salmon P. Chase" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="سالمن پی چیز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سالمن پی چیز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E8%94%A1%E6%96%AF" title="萨蒙·波特兰·蔡斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨蒙·波特兰·蔡斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chief justice of the United States from 1864 to 1873</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Salmon P. Chase</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chief_Justice_Salmon_P._Chase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chief_Justice_Salmon_P._Chase.jpg/220px-Chief_Justice_Salmon_P._Chase.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chief_Justice_Salmon_P._Chase.jpg/330px-Chief_Justice_Salmon_P._Chase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chief_Justice_Salmon_P._Chase.jpg/440px-Chief_Justice_Salmon_P._Chase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3309" data-file-height="4135" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Chief Justice Chase, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873<sup id="cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCOTUSjustices-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nominated by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Waite" title="Morrison Waite">Morrison Waite</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">25th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 7, 1861 – June 30, 1864</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Abraham Lincoln</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">John Adams Dix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">William P. Fessenden</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1861 – March 6, 1861</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">George Pugh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1855</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(governor)" title="William Allen (governor)">William Allen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_E._Pugh" title="George E. Pugh">George Pugh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">23rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Ohio">Governor of Ohio</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 14, 1856 – January 9, 1860</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ohio" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ohio">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ford" title="Thomas H. Ford">Thomas Ford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Welker" title="Martin Welker">Martin Welker</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Medill" title="William Medill">William Medill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">William Dennison</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Salmon Portland Chase</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1808-01-13</span>)</span>January 13, 1808<br /><a href="/wiki/Cornish,_New_Hampshire" title="Cornish, New Hampshire">Cornish, New Hampshire</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 7, 1873<span style="display:none">(1873-05-07)</span> (aged 65)<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Cemetery" title="Spring Grove Cemetery">Spring Grove Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> (before 1841)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty</a> (1841–1848)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a> (1848–1854)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (1854–1868)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (1868–1872)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a> (1872-1873)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Katherine Garmiss</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="March 4, 1834">1834</span>; died 1835)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Eliza Ann Smith</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="September 26, 1839">1839</span>, died)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Sarah Dunlop Ludlow</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(died)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Chase" title="Kate Chase">Kate</a> and Janet ("Nettie")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chase_family" title="Chase family">Chase family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salmon_P_Chase_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salmon P. Chase's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Salmon_P_Chase_Signature.svg/128px-Salmon_P_Chase_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Salmon_P_Chase_Signature.svg/192px-Salmon_P_Chase_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Salmon_P_Chase_Signature.svg/256px-Salmon_P_Chase_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="56" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Salmon Portland Chase</b> (January 13, 1808 – May 7, 1873) was an American politician and jurist who served as the sixth <a href="/wiki/Chief_justice_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief justice of the United States">chief justice of the United States</a> from 1864 to his death in 1873. Chase served as the 23rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Ohio">governor of Ohio</a> from 1856 to 1860, represented Ohio in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> from 1849 to 1855 and again in 1861, and served as the 25th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> from 1861 to 1864 during the administration of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>. Chase is therefore one of the few American politicians who have held constitutional office in all three branches of the federal government, in addition to serving in the highest state-level office. Prior to his Supreme Court appointment, Chase was widely seen as a potential president. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Cornish,_New_Hampshire" title="Cornish, New Hampshire">Cornish, New Hampshire</a>, Chase studied law under <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a> before establishing a legal practice in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>. He became an anti-slavery activist and frequently defended <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slaves in the United States">fugitive slaves</a> in court. Chase left the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> in 1841 to become the leader of Ohio's <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty Party</a>. In 1848, he helped establish the <a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a> and recruited former President <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> to serve as the party's presidential nominee. Chase won election to the Senate the following year, and he opposed the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a>. In the aftermath of the Kansas–Nebraska Act, Chase helped establish the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, which opposed the extension of slavery into the <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territories</a>. After leaving the Senate, Chase served as the governor of Ohio from 1856 to 1860. </p><p>Chase sought the Republican nomination for president in the <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860 presidential election</a>, but the party chose <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> at its <a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">National Convention</a>. After Lincoln won the election, he asked Chase to serve as Secretary of the Treasury. Chase served in that position from 1861 to 1864, working hard to ensure the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> was well-financed during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. Chase resigned from the Cabinet in June 1864, but retained support among the <a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a>. Partly to appease the Radical Republicans, Lincoln nominated Chase to fill the Supreme Court vacancy that arose following <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Taney" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Taney">Roger Taney</a>'s death. </p><p>Chase served as Chief Justice from 1864 to his death in 1873. He presided over <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">the Senate trial</a> of President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">impeachment proceedings</a> of 1868. Despite his nomination to the court, Chase continued to pursue the presidency. He unsuccessfully sought the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> presidential nomination in <a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a> nomination in <a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Salmon_P._Chase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Salmon_P._Chase.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Salmon_P._Chase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Salmon_P._Chase.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Salmon_P._Chase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Salmon_P._Chase.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Salmon_P._Chase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms</figcaption></figure> <p>Chase was born in <a href="/wiki/Cornish,_New_Hampshire" title="Cornish, New Hampshire">Cornish</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, on January 13, 1808,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Janette Ralston and Ithamar Chase, who died in 1817 when Salmon was nine years old. His paternal immigrant ancestor was Aquila Chase from <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, England, a ship-master who settled in <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Massachusetts" title="Newbury, Massachusetts">Newbury, Massachusetts</a>, about 1640, while his maternal grandparents Alexander Ralston and Janette Balloch were <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>, originally from <a href="/wiki/Falkirk" title="Falkirk">Falkirk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ohiohis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohiohis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother was left with ten children and few resources, and so Salmon lived from 1820 to 1824 in Ohio with his uncle, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Philander_Chase" title="Philander Chase">Philander Chase</a>, a leading figure in the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a> in the West and the founder of <a href="/wiki/Kenyon_College" title="Kenyon College">Kenyon College</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Chase" title="Dudley Chase">Dudley Chase</a> of Vermont was another uncle.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SALMON_P._CHASE_BIRTHPLACE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SALMON_P._CHASE_BIRTHPLACE.jpg/190px-SALMON_P._CHASE_BIRTHPLACE.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SALMON_P._CHASE_BIRTHPLACE.jpg/285px-SALMON_P._CHASE_BIRTHPLACE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SALMON_P._CHASE_BIRTHPLACE.jpg/380px-SALMON_P._CHASE_BIRTHPLACE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase_Birthplace" title="Salmon P. Chase Birthplace">Salmon P. Chase Birthplace</a> in Cornish, New Hampshire</figcaption></figure> <p>He studied in the common schools of <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Vermont" title="Windsor, Vermont">Windsor, Vermont</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Worthington,_Ohio" title="Worthington, Ohio">Worthington, Ohio</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati College">Cincinnati College</a> before entering the junior class at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ohiohis_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohiohis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Delta_Phi" title="Alpha Delta Phi">Alpha Delta Phi</a> fraternity and <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ohiohis_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohiohis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and graduated from Dartmouth with distinction in 1826.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at Dartmouth, he taught at the Royalton Academy in <a href="/wiki/Royalton,_Vermont" title="Royalton, Vermont">Royalton, Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ohiohis_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohiohis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chase then moved to the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, where he opened a classical school while studying law under <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">U.S. Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wirt (Attorney General)">William Wirt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Bar_association" title="Bar association">bar</a> in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-ohiohis_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohiohis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chase married his first wife Katherine Jane Garniss on March 4, 1834. She died the following year after the birth of a girl who died a few years later. He married his second wife Eliza Ann Smith on September 26, 1839, who died from <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(disease)" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumption (disease)">consumption</a> years later. Chase married his third wife, Sarah Bella Dunlop Ludlow who also died from consumption. After her death, he did not remarry.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase_Birthplace" title="Salmon P. Chase Birthplace">Salmon P. Chase Birthplace</a> and childhood home still stands in Cornish, New Hampshire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_and_political_career">Legal and political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal and political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chase moved to a country home near <a href="/wiki/Loveland,_Ohio" title="Loveland, Ohio">Loveland, Ohio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and practiced law in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> from 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911955_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911955-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rose to prominence for his authoritative compilation of the state's statutes,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which long remained the standard work on the topic. </p><p>From the beginning, despite the risk to his livelihood,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he defended people who had escaped <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a> and those who were tried for assisting them, notably the <a href="/wiki/The_Matilda_Case_(1837)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Matilda Case (1837)">Matilda Case</a> in 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abolitionist_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abolitionist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became particularly devoted to the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolition</a> of slavery after the death of his first wife, Katherine Jane Garmiss, in 1835, shortly after their March 1834 wedding. This event was a spiritual reawakening for him. He worked initially with the <a href="/wiki/American_Sunday_School_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="American Sunday School Union">American Sunday School Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abolitionist_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abolitionist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a time when public opinion in Cincinnati was dominated by <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> business connections, Chase, influenced by local events, including the attack on the press of <a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_riots_of_1836" title="Cincinnati riots of 1836">Cincinnati riots of 1836</a>, associated himself with the anti-slavery movement. Chase was also a member of the literary <a href="/wiki/Semi-Colon_Club" title="Semi-Colon Club">Semi-Colon Club</a>; its members included <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Ellis_Stowe" title="Calvin Ellis Stowe">Calvin Ellis Stowe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chase became the leader of the political reformers, as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">Garrisonian</a> abolitionist movement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For his defense of people arrested in Ohio under the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1793" title="Fugitive Slave Act of 1793">Fugitive Slave Act of 1793</a>, Chase was dubbed the "Attorney General for Fugitive Slaves."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His argument in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/Jones_v._Van_Zandt" title="Jones v. Van Zandt">Jones v. Van Zandt</a></i> on the constitutionality of fugitive slave laws before the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> attracted particular attention. Chase contended that slavery was local, not national, and that it could exist only by virtue of positive state law. He argued that the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> was not empowered by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> to create slavery anywhere and that when an enslaved person leaves the jurisdiction of a state where slavery is legal, he ceases to be a slave; he continues to be a man and leaves behind the law that made him a slave. In this and similar cases, the court ruled against him, and the judgment against <a href="/wiki/John_Van_Zandt" title="John Van Zandt">John Van Zandt</a> was upheld.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Though elected as a <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> to a one-year term on the Cincinnati City Council in 1840,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gruber_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruber-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chase left that party the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-Gruber_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruber-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1840s, he helped to form the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For seven years, Chase was the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty Party</a> in Ohio. He helped balance its idealism with his pragmatic approach and political thought. Chase was skillful in drafting platforms and addresses, and he prepared the national Liberty platform of 1843 and the Liberty address of 1845. Building the Liberty Party was slow going. By 1848, Chase was the leader in the effort to combine the Liberty Party with the <a href="/wiki/Barnburners_and_Hunkers" title="Barnburners and Hunkers">Barnburners</a> or Van Buren Democrats of New York to form the <a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SPChase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SPChase.jpg/220px-SPChase.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SPChase.jpg/330px-SPChase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SPChase.jpg/440px-SPChase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>Chase as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Secretary of the Treasury</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Chase drafted the Free-Soil platform,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was chiefly through his influence that <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> was their nominee for president in 1848.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1849, Chase was elected to the U.S. Senate from Ohio on the Free Soil ticket.<sup id="cite_ref-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chase's goal, however, was not to establish a permanent new party organization, but to bring pressure to bear upon Northern Democrats to force them to oppose the extension of slavery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During his associations with the Liberty and Free Soil parties, Chase considered himself an "Independent Democrat" or a "Free Democrat".<sup id="cite_ref-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While serving in the Senate (1849–1855), Chase was an anti-slavery champion. He argued against the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a><sup id="cite_ref-lincolnandfreedom_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lincolnandfreedom-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a> of 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska legislation and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">violence in Kansas</a>, Chase helped form the Republican Party with former <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whigs</a> and anti-slavery members of the <a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "<a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Independent_Democrats" title="Appeal of the Independent Democrats">Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States</a>", written by Chase and Giddings, and published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> on January 24, 1854, may be regarded as the earliest draft of the Republican party creed. In 1855, Chase was elected the first Republican governor of Ohio. During his time in office, from 1856 to 1860, he supported improved property rights for women, changes to public education, and <a href="/wiki/Prison_reform" title="Prison reform">prison reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ohiohis_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohiohis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1860, Chase sought the Republican nomination for president, with Massachusetts Governor <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathaniel Banks">Nathaniel Banks</a> as his running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a>, Chase was the most prominent Republican in the country and had done more to end slavery than any other Republican. However, he opposed a "<a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protective tariff</a>," favored by most other Republicans, and his record of collaboration with Democrats annoyed the many Republicans who were former Whigs. At the <a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860 Republican National Convention</a>, he got 49 votes on the first ballot,<sup id="cite_ref-Tarbell_1998_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarbell_1998-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he had little support outside of Ohio. <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> won the nomination, and Chase supported him. </p><p>Chase was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate from Ohio in 1860. However, he resigned shortly after taking his seat in order to become <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> under Lincoln.<sup id="cite_ref-ohiohis_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohiohis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was despite no prior financial experience; rather obtained through Chase's nomination of Lincoln.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>He was also a participant in the February 1861 <a href="/wiki/Peace_Conference_of_1861" title="Peace Conference of 1861">Peace Conference</a> in Washington, D.C., a meeting of leading American politicians held in an effort to resolve the burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> crisis and to preserve the Union on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_the_Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Secretary of the Treasury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of the United States Civil War">Economic history of the United States Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CHASE,_Samuel_P-Treasury_(BEP_engraved_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CHASE%2C_Samuel_P-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/180px-CHASE%2C_Samuel_P-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CHASE%2C_Samuel_P-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/270px-CHASE%2C_Samuel_P-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CHASE%2C_Samuel_P-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg/360px-CHASE%2C_Samuel_P-Treasury_%28BEP_engraved_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="9144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> portrait of Chase as Secretary of the Treasury</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Civil War, Chase served as Secretary of the Treasury in President Lincoln's cabinet from 1861 to 1864. In that period of crisis, there were two great changes in American financial policy: the establishment of a national banking system and the issue of <a href="/wiki/Paper_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper currency">paper currency</a>. The former was Chase's own particular measure. He suggested the idea, worked out the important principles and many of the details, and induced the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> to approve them. It secured an immediate market for government bonds and provided a permanent, uniform, and stable national currency. Chase ensured that the Union could sell debt to pay for the war effort. He worked with <a href="/wiki/Jay_Cooke_%26_Company" title="Jay Cooke & Company">Jay Cooke & Company</a> to successfully manage the sale of $500 million (~$11.9 billion in 2023) in government war bonds (known as 5/20s) in 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-$1-LT-1862-Fr-16c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US-%241-LT-1862-Fr-16c.jpg/200px-US-%241-LT-1862-Fr-16c.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US-%241-LT-1862-Fr-16c.jpg/300px-US-%241-LT-1862-Fr-16c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/US-%241-LT-1862-Fr-16c.jpg/400px-US-%241-LT-1862-Fr-16c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4001" /></a><figcaption>The first issue of $1 <a href="/wiki/Greenback_(1860s_money)" title="Greenback (1860s money)">notes</a> in 1862 as legal tender, featuring Chase</figcaption></figure> <p>The first U.S. federal currency, the greenback <a href="/wiki/Demand_note" class="mw-redirect" title="Demand note">demand note</a>, was printed in 1861–1862 during Chase's tenure as Secretary of the Treasury, and it was his responsibility to design the notes. In an effort to increase the public's recognition of him, Chase put his own face on a variety of U.S. paper currency, starting with the $1 bill, possibly to further his political career.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was engraved by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Prosper_Ourdan" title="Joseph Prosper Ourdan">Joseph Prosper Ourdan</a>. </p><p>On May 5, 1862, Chase accompanied President Lincoln, Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. Stanton">Edwin M. Stanton</a>, and Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Egbert_Ludovicus_Viele" title="Egbert Ludovicus Viele">Egbert Ludovicus Viele</a> in what would become a pivotal week for Union forces. The presidential party left the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Navy_Yard" title="Washington Navy Yard">Washington Navy Yard</a> aboard a five-gun Treasury cutter, <i>Miami</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bound for <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a> "to ascertain by personal observation whether some further vigilance and vigor might not be infused into the operations of the army and navy at that point" to determine whether <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a> could be captured. After a 27-hour trip, the <i>Miami</i> reached Fort Monroe on the night of May 6. Chase went with Major General <a href="/wiki/John_E._Wool" title="John E. Wool">John E. Wool</a>, in command of the Federals at Fort Monroe, to inspect beach locations for a potential troop landing and relayed to Lincoln that he and General Wool had found "a good and convenient landing place" on the south shore, safely away from the Confederates' ironclad, the <a href="/wiki/CSS_Virginia" title="CSS Virginia">CSS <i>Virginia</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chase's participation in the reconnaissance ended with the surrender of Norfolk and the destruction of the <i>Virginia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chase_to_Pollock_1863-12-09_motto_only.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chase_to_Pollock_1863-12-09_motto_only.png/180px-Chase_to_Pollock_1863-12-09_motto_only.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Chase_to_Pollock_1863-12-09_motto_only.png 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary, scribes "In God is our Trust," scratches out "is our" and overwrites "We" to arrive at "<a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a>" in a December 9, 1863, letter to <a href="/wiki/James_Pollock_(American_politician)" title="James Pollock (American politician)">James Pollock</a>, Director of the Philadelphia Mint.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>On October 10, 1862, Secretary of the Navy <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Gideon Welles</a> wrote that "a scheme for permits, special favors, Treasury agents, and improper management" existed and was arranged by Treasury Secretary Chase for General <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">John A. Dix</a>. The motive of Chase appeared to be for political influence and not for financial gain.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps Chase's chief defect was an insatiable desire for high office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911956_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911956-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout his term as Treasury Secretary, Chase exploited his position to build up political support for another run at the presidency in 1864. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a>, a Republican commented: "Chase is a good man but his theology is unsound. He thinks there is a fourth person in the Trinity."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also tried to pressure Lincoln by repeatedly threatening resignation,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he knew would cause Lincoln difficulties with the Radical Republicans. </p><p>To honor Chase for introducing the modern system of <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknotes</a>, he was depicted on the <a href="/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Large denominations of United States currency">$10,000 bill</a> printed from 1928 to 1946. Chase was instrumental in placing the phrase "<a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a>" on United States coins in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_Justice">Chief Justice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chief Justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CJ-SPC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CJ-SPC.jpg/220px-CJ-SPC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CJ-SPC.jpg/330px-CJ-SPC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CJ-SPC.jpg/440px-CJ-SPC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4921" data-file-height="6151" /></a><figcaption>Chase as Chief Justice</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 1864, Lincoln surprised Chase by accepting his fourth offer of resignation as Treasury Secretary. The Republican Party had at that point already nominated Lincoln as its <a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">presidential candidate</a> and the Treasury was in solid shape, so Lincoln no longer needed to keep Chase in the cabinet to forestall a challenge for the presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But to placate the party's Radical wing, Lincoln mentioned Chase as a potential Supreme Court nominee. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> died in October 1864, Lincoln named Chase to succeed him. Nominated on December 6, 1864, and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on the same day,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was sworn into office on December 15, 1864, and served until his death on May 7, 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCOTUSjustices-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Chase's first acts as Chief Justice was to admit <a href="/wiki/John_Rock_(abolitionist)" title="John Rock (abolitionist)">John Rock</a> to the Supreme Court Bar, making him the first African-American attorney eligible to argue cases before the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-HarpWeek_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarpWeek-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among his more significant decisions while on the Court were: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._White" title="Texas v. White">Texas v. White</a></i>, 74 U.S. 700 (1869), in which he asserted that the Constitution provided for a permanent union, composed of indestructible states, while allowing some possibility of divisibility "through revolution, or through consent of the States";<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veazie_Bank_v._Fenno" title="Veazie Bank v. Fenno">Veazie Bank v. Fenno</a></i>, 75 U.S. 533 (1869), upholding banking legislation of the Civil War that imposed a 10% tax on state banknotes; and</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_v._Griswold" title="Hepburn v. Griswold">Hepburn v. Griswold</a></i>, 75 U.S. 603 (1870), which declared certain parts of the legal tender acts to be unconstitutional. When the legal tender decision was reversed after the appointment of new Justices, in 1871 and 1872 (<i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a></i>, 79 U.S. 457), Chase prepared a very able <a href="/wiki/Dissenting_opinion" title="Dissenting opinion">dissenting opinion</a>.</li></ul> <p>As Chief Justice, Chase also presided at <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">the impeachment trial of U.S. President Andrew Johnson</a> in 1868. As the justice responsible for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_4th_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit">4th Circuit</a>, Chase also would have been one of two judges at the trial of <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> (who was imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a> in Virginia), because trial for major crimes such as <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> required two judges. However, Davis's best defense would be that he forfeited U.S. citizenship upon secession, and therefore could not have committed treason. Convicting Davis could also interfere with Chase's presidential ambitions, described below. After the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a> in 1868, Chase invited Davis's lawyer to meet with him privately, and explained his theory that Section 3 of the new Amendment prohibited imposing further punishment on former Confederates. When Davis's lawyer repeated this argument in open court, Chase dismissed the case, over the objection of his colleague, U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/John_Curtiss_Underwood" title="John Curtiss Underwood">John Curtiss Underwood</a>, and the government chose not to appeal the dismissal to the U.S. Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chase made an unsuccessful effort to secure the Democratic nomination for the presidency in <a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868.</a> He "was passed over because of his stance in favor of voting rights for black men."<sup id="cite_ref-HarpWeek_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarpWeek-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1871, the <a href="/wiki/New_Departure_(United_States)" title="New Departure (United States)">New Departure</a> policy of Ohio Democrat <a href="/wiki/Clement_Vallandigham" title="Clement Vallandigham">Clement Vallandigham</a> was endorsed by Chase.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He helped found the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican Party</a> in 1872, unsuccessfully seeking its presidential nomination. Chase was also a <a href="/wiki/Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemason</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> active in the lodges of Midwestern society. He collaborated with <a href="/wiki/John_Purdue" title="John Purdue">John Purdue</a>, the founder of Lafayette Bank and <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a>. Eventually, <a href="/wiki/JP_Morgan_Chase_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="JP Morgan Chase & Co.">JP Morgan Chase & Co.</a> would purchase Purdue National Corporation of <a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana" title="Lafayette, Indiana">Lafayette, Indiana</a>, in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1868, Chase concluded that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Congress was right in not limiting, by its reconstruction acts, the right of <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a> to whites; but wrong in the exclusion from suffrage of certain classes of citizens and all unable to take its prescribed retrospective oath, and wrong also in the establishment of despotic military governments for the States and in authorizing military commissions for the trial of civilians in time of peace. There should have been as little military government as possible; no military commissions; no classes excluded from suffrage; and no oath except one of faithful obedience and support to the Constitution and laws, and of sincere attachment to the constitutional Government of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A few months before his death, Chase found himself in the minority of a 5–4 ruling in the <a href="/wiki/Slaughter-House_Cases" title="Slaughter-House Cases">Slaughter-House Cases</a>, which greatly limited the scope of the powers given the federal government under the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a> to protect Americans from state violations of their civil rights. With the other dissenters, Chase joined the dissent of Justice <a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen J. Field">Stephen J. Field</a> that the majority opinion effectively rendered the Fourteenth Amendment a "vain and idle enactment."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 23, 1873, in formally announcing the death of Chief Justice Chase in the Supreme Court and conveying the resolutions submitted by the bar, Attorney General <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Williams" title="George Henry Williams">George Henry Williams</a> highlighted Chase's "early, continued and effectual labours for the universal freedom of man."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_-_Chase_Court_-_c.1867_-_(1865-1867).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chase Court, c. 1867"><img alt="The Chase Court, c. 1867" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_-_Chase_Court_-_c.1867_-_%281865-1867%29.jpg/200px-Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_-_Chase_Court_-_c.1867_-_%281865-1867%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_-_Chase_Court_-_c.1867_-_%281865-1867%29.jpg/300px-Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_-_Chase_Court_-_c.1867_-_%281865-1867%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_-_Chase_Court_-_c.1867_-_%281865-1867%29.jpg/400px-Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_-_Chase_Court_-_c.1867_-_%281865-1867%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Chase_Court" title="Chase Court">Chase Court</a>, c. 1867</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Judge_Nelson_Administering_the_Oath_to_Chief_Justice_Chase,_as_Presiding_Officer_of_the_Court_of_Impeachment,_in_the_Senate_Chamber,_Washington,_D.C.,_on_the_5th_March_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Samuel Nelson (left) administers oath to Chief Justice Chase for the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson"><img alt="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Samuel Nelson (left) administers oath to Chief Justice Chase for the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Judge_Nelson_Administering_the_Oath_to_Chief_Justice_Chase%2C_as_Presiding_Officer_of_the_Court_of_Impeachment%2C_in_the_Senate_Chamber%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_on_the_5th_March_%281%29.jpg/172px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Judge_Nelson_Administering_the_Oath_to_Chief_Justice_Chase%2C_as_Presiding_Officer_of_the_Court_of_Impeachment%2C_in_the_Senate_Chamber%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_on_the_5th_March_%281%29.jpg/259px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Judge_Nelson_Administering_the_Oath_to_Chief_Justice_Chase%2C_as_Presiding_Officer_of_the_Court_of_Impeachment%2C_in_the_Senate_Chamber%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_on_the_5th_March_%281%29.jpg/345px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="429" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nelson" title="Samuel Nelson">Samuel Nelson</a> (left) administers oath to Chief Justice Chase for the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SalmonChaseGrave_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SalmonChaseGrave_-_cropped.jpg/190px-SalmonChaseGrave_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SalmonChaseGrave_-_cropped.jpg/285px-SalmonChaseGrave_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SalmonChaseGrave_-_cropped.jpg/380px-SalmonChaseGrave_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2545" data-file-height="1909" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Salmon Chase in <a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Cemetery" title="Spring Grove Cemetery">Spring Grove Cemetery</a>; a <a href="/wiki/Museum_docent" title="Museum docent">docent</a> is dressed in period clothing.</figcaption></figure> <p>Chase died of a stroke in New York City on May 7, 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His remains were first interred in <a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill_Cemetery_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)">Oak Hill Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, then re-interred in October 1886 in <a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Cemetery" title="Spring Grove Cemetery">Spring Grove Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chase had been an active member of <a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Episcopal_Cathedral,_Cincinnati" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul Episcopal Cathedral, Cincinnati">St. Paul Episcopal Cathedral, Cincinnati</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase_Birthplace" title="Salmon P. Chase Birthplace">Chase's birthplace</a> in New Hampshire was declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1975. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-$10000-GC-1934-Fr.2412.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/US-%2410000-GC-1934-Fr.2412.jpg/220px-US-%2410000-GC-1934-Fr.2412.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/US-%2410000-GC-1934-Fr.2412.jpg/330px-US-%2410000-GC-1934-Fr.2412.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/US-%2410000-GC-1934-Fr.2412.jpg/440px-US-%2410000-GC-1934-Fr.2412.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3838" /></a><figcaption>Chase depicted on the 1934 $10,000 <a href="/wiki/Gold_certificate_(United_States)" title="Gold certificate (United States)">gold certificate</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After Chase's death in 1873, the Supreme Court established a tradition that a newly deceased Justice's chair and the front of the bench where the Justice sat will be draped with black wool <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)" title="Crêpe (textile)">crêpe</a>, with black crêpe hung over the Court's entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chase_National_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase National Bank">Chase National Bank</a>, a predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Manhattan Bank">Chase Manhattan Bank</a> which is now <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a>, was named in his honor, though he had no affiliation with it, financial or otherwise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1845, Chase was presented with a silver pitcher by black leaders in the city of Cincinnati. Engraved on the pitcher were the words “A testimonial of gratitude to Salmon P. Chase from the Colored People of Cincinnati for his various public services in behalf of the oppressed.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1865, Chase was elected a 3rd class companion of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States</a> (MOLLUS). MOLLUS was an organization of <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> officers who had served in the Civil War which allowed distinguished civilians who had supported the Union cause to join as 3rd class companions. Chase was one of the first to receive this honor and was assigned MOLLUS insignia number 46.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Chase's portrait appears on the <a href="/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Large denominations of United States currency">United States $10,000 bill</a>, the largest denomination of U.S. currency to publicly circulate. The bill was last printed in 1945. In 1969, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> began withdrawing high-denomination bills from circulation, and as of 2009, only 336 $10,000 bills had not been returned for destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-slate_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chase_County,_Kansas" title="Chase County, Kansas">Chase County, Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chase_City,_Virginia" title="Chase City, Virginia">Chase City, Virginia</a>, and towns named "Chaseville" in Florida, Massachusetts, North Carolina (from 1868 to 1871), New York, Ohio, and Tennessee were named in his honor. <a href="/wiki/Camp_Chase" title="Camp Chase">Camp Chase</a> in Columbus, Ohio, and Chase Hall, the main barracks and dormitory at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">United States Coast Guard Academy</a>, are named for Chase in honor of his service as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>, and the United States Coast Guard cutter <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Chase_(WHEC-718)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Chase (WHEC-718)"><i>Chase</i> (WHEC 718)</a> is named for him, as are Chase Hall at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>, Chase House at the <a href="/wiki/Tuck_School_of_Business" title="Tuck School of Business">Tuck School of Business</a> at Dartmouth College, and the <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase_College_of_Law" title="Salmon P. Chase College of Law">Salmon P. Chase College of Law</a> at <a href="/wiki/Northern_Kentucky_University" title="Northern Kentucky University">Northern Kentucky University</a>. He is featured on a <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_historical_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire historical marker">New Hampshire historical marker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Hampshire_historical_markers_(76%E2%80%93100)#76" title="List of New Hampshire historical markers (76–100)">number 76</a>) along <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Route_12A" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Route 12A">New Hampshire Route 12A</a> in Cornish.<sup id="cite_ref-ByNumber_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ByNumber-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although not referred to by name, Chase was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Montagu_Love" title="Montagu Love">Montagu Love</a> in the 1942 film <i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Johnson" title="Tennessee Johnson">Tennessee Johnson</a></i> and appears during Andrew Johnson's impeachment scenes. Chase was also portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Josh_Stamberg" title="Josh Stamberg">Josh Stamberg</a> in the 2013 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Saving_Lincoln" title="Saving Lincoln">Saving Lincoln</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chase was portrayed by Mark Rand in the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a> miniseries series <i><a href="/wiki/Manhunt_(miniseries)" title="Manhunt (miniseries)">Manhunt</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nebraska_movement" title="Anti-Nebraska movement">Anti-Nebraska movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Independent_Democrats" title="Appeal of the Independent Democrats">Appeal of the Independent Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Chase" title="Camp Chase">Camp Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of the United States Civil War">Economic history of the United States Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States#List_of_chief_justices" title="Chief Justice of the United States">List of chief justices of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Chase_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Chase Court">List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Chase Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_justices_by_time_in_office" title="List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office">List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Colon_Club" title="Semi-Colon Club">Semi-Colon Club</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SCOTUSjustices-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCOTUSjustices_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx">"Justices 1789 to Present"</a>. <i>www.supremecourt.gov</i>. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415034624/https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.supremecourt.gov&rft.atitle=Justices+1789+to+Present&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2Fabout%2Fmembers_text.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEB1878"><i>EB</i> (1878)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCabe1876" class="citation book cs1">McCabe, James Dabney (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/bub_gb__ZJTAAAAYAAJ/page/n665"><i>The centennial book of American biography</i></a>. Philadelphia and Chicago: P. W. Ziegler & co. p. 619.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+centennial+book+of+American+biography&rft.place=Philadelphia+and+Chicago&rft.pages=619&rft.pub=P.+W.+Ziegler+%26+co.&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=McCabe&rft.aufirst=James+Dabney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb__ZJTAAAAYAAJ%2Fpage%2Fn665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuckers2009" class="citation book cs1">Schuckers, Jacob (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCYsloITgzEC&q=salmon%2520portland%2520chase%2520falkirk%2520scotland&pg=PA3"><i>The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase</i></a>. Applewood Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-1965-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-1965-1"><bdi>978-1-4290-1965-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Public+Services+of+Salmon+Portland+Chase&rft.pub=Applewood+Books&rft.date=2009-04&rft.isbn=978-1-4290-1965-1&rft.aulast=Schuckers&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyCYsloITgzEC%26q%3Dsalmon%252520portland%252520chase%252520falkirk%252520scotland%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohiohis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohiohis_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohiohis_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohiohis_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohiohis_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohiohis_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohiohis_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohiohis_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Salmon_P._Chase">"Salmon P. Chase"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511085538/https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Salmon_P._Chase">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salmon+P.+Chase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohiohistorycentral.org%2Fw%2FSalmon_P._Chase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlue1987" class="citation book cs1">Blue, Frederick J. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/salmonpchaselife0000blue"><i>Salmon P. Chase : a life in politics</i></a>. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-340-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-340-0"><bdi>978-0-87338-340-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salmon+P.+Chase+%3A+a+life+in+politics&rft.place=Kent%2C+Ohio&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-340-0&rft.aulast=Blue&rft.aufirst=Frederick+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsalmonpchaselife0000blue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarefsky1996" class="citation journal cs1">Zarefsky, David (June 1996). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/101/3/918/119391?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"John Niven. <i>Salmon P. Chase: A Biography</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995. Pp. xii, 546. $30.00"</a></span>. <i>The American Historical Review</i>. <b>101</b> (3): 918. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fahr%2F101.3.918">10.1086/ahr/101.3.918</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1937-5239">1937-5239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=John+Niven.+Salmon+P.+Chase%3A+A+Biography.+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press.+1995.+Pp.+xii%2C+546.+%2430.00&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=918&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2Fahr%2F101.3.918&rft.issn=1937-5239&rft.aulast=Zarefsky&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fahr%2Farticle-abstract%2F101%2F3%2F918%2F119391%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisKrieger1921" class="citation book cs1">Morris, William W.; Krieger, E. B., eds. (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X50jAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Bench and Bar of Cincinnati: Commemorating the Building of the New Court House</i></a>. Cincinnati: New Court House Publishing Company. p. 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401123915/https://books.google.com/books?id=X50jAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2019</span>. <q>It is a coincidence that his county home near Loveland, later came into the possession, for a few years, of Judge Charles J. Hunt, during the years the latter occupied the local Common Pleas Court bench.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bench+and+Bar+of+Cincinnati%3A+Commemorating+the+Building+of+the+New+Court+House&rft.place=Cincinnati&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=New+Court+House+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX50jAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911955-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911955_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 955.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abolitionist-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abolitionist_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abolitionist_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss,_Ph.D." class="citation web cs1">Ross, Ph.D., Kelley L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friesian.com/notes.htm">"Six Kinds of United States Paper Currency"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200501063630/https://www.friesian.com/notes.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Six+Kinds+of+United+States+Paper+Currency&rft.aulast=Ross%2C+Ph.D.&rft.aufirst=Kelley+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friesian.com%2Fnotes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gates, Henry Louis, Jr; and Hollis Robbins. <i>The Annotated Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>. WW. Norton, p. xxxii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47dd-ffb2-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">"Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, known as 'attorney-general for fugitive slaves,' on account of his frequent appearance as counsel in fugitive slave cases"</a>. NYPL Digital Collections. July 26, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160726123932/https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47dd-ffb2-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salmon+P.+Chase%2C+of+Ohio%2C+known+as+%27attorney-general+for+fugitive+slaves%2C%27+on+account+of+his+frequent+appearance+as+counsel+in+fugitive+slave+cases.&rft.pub=NYPL+Digital+Collections&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.nypl.org%2Fitems%2F510d47dd-ffb2-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiven1995" class="citation book cs1">Niven, John (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PGnmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA58"><i>Salmon P. Chase: A Biography</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1950-4653-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1950-4653-3"><bdi>978-0-1950-4653-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819172854/https://books.google.com/books?id=PGnmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA58">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salmon+P.+Chase%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-1950-4653-3&rft.aulast=Niven&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPGnmCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gruber-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gruber_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gruber_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruber1969" class="citation book cs1">Gruber, Robert Henry (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PC8aAQAAIAAJ&q=%22salmon+p.+chase%22+%22cincinnati%22+%22city+council%22"><i>Salmon P. Chase and the Politics of Reform</i></a>. College Park, MD: University of Maryland. p. 61 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salmon+P.+Chase+and+the+Politics+of+Reform&rft.place=College+Park%2C+MD&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=University+of+Maryland&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=Robert+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPC8aAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522salmon%2Bp.%2Bchase%2522%2B%2522cincinnati%2522%2B%2522city%2Bcouncil%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scholarlycommons.law.case.edu_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Randy E. Barnett (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1212&context=caselrev">From Antisla om Antislavery Lawyer to Chief Justice: The Remarkable but o Chief Justice: The Remarkable but Forgotten Career of Salmon P. Chase</a> law.case.edu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner1995" class="citation book cs1">Foner, Eric (1995). <i>Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War</i> (Second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Free+Soil%2C+Free+Labor%2C+Free+Men%3A+The+Ideology+of+the+Republican+Party+Before+the+Civil+War&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=83&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lincolnandfreedom-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lincolnandfreedom_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=68&subjectID=4">"Salmon P. Chase"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233405/http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=68&subjectID=4">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salmon+P.+Chase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrlincolnandfreedom.org%2Finside.asp%3FID%3D68%26subjectID%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foner (1995), p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Ellen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libertarianism.org/everything-wrong-presidents/everything-wrong-buchanan-administration">"Everything Wrong with the Buchanan Administration"</a>. <i>Libertarianism.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127192122/https://www.libertarianism.org/everything-wrong-presidents/everything-wrong-buchanan-administration">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Libertarianism.org&rft.atitle=Everything+Wrong+with+the+Buchanan+Administration&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.libertarianism.org%2Feverything-wrong-presidents%2Feverything-wrong-buchanan-administration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64539878/salmon-chase-seeks-republican/">"For President in 1860"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herald_of_Freedom_(Lawrence_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herald of Freedom (Lawrence newspaper) (page does not exist)">Herald of Freedom</a></i>. 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Impeach-andrewjohnson.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111124083333/http://www.impeach-andrewjohnson.com/11BiographiesKeyIndividuals/SalmonPChase.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Impeachment+of+Andrew+Johnson%3A+Salmon+Portland+Chase&rft.pub=Impeach-andrewjohnson.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.impeach-andrewjohnson.com%2F11BiographiesKeyIndividuals%2FSalmonPChase.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brooks, Christopher, "Senator Charles Sumner and the Admission of John S. Rock to the Supreme Court Bar", <i>Journal of Supreme Court History</i>, vol. 48, no. 2, 2023, pp. 139-147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavkovićRadan2007" class="citation book cs1">Pavković, Aleksandar; Radan, Peter (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IjHbPvp1W0C"><i>Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7163-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7163-3"><bdi>978-0-7546-7163-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+New+States%3A+Theory+and+Practice+of+Secession&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-7163-3&rft.aulast=Pavkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft.au=Radan%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-IjHbPvp1W0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0074_0700_ZO.html"><i>Texas v. White</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131209074541/http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0074_0700_ZO.html">Archived</a> December 9, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 74 U.S. 700 (1868) at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell University Law School">Cornell University Law School</a> Supreme Court collection.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotusblog.com/2017/10/chief-justice-salmon-chase-permanency-union-cynthia-nicoletti-chases-political-ambitions/">"Chief Justice Salmon Chase on the permanency of the Union, and Cynthia Nicoletti on Chase's political ambitions"</a>. October 20, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023061947/http://www.scotusblog.com/2017/10/chief-justice-salmon-chase-permanency-union-cynthia-nicoletti-chases-political-ambitions/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chief+Justice+Salmon+Chase+on+the+permanency+of+the+Union%2C+and+Cynthia+Nicoletti+on+Chase%27s+political+ambitions&rft.date=2017-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotusblog.com%2F2017%2F10%2Fchief-justice-salmon-chase-permanency-union-cynthia-nicoletti-chases-political-ambitions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 446, Vallandigham, James L. <i>A Life of Clement L. Vallandigham</i>. Baltimore, MD: Turnbull Brothers, 1872.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.foundagrave.com/grave/salmon-portland-chase/">"Salmon Portland Chase"</a>. <i>Found a Grave</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Found+a+Grave&rft.atitle=Salmon+Portland+Chase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.foundagrave.com%2Fgrave%2Fsalmon-portland-chase%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2012" class="citation web cs1">Shah, Sumit (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10308896">"A Report on J.P Morgan & Chase Company"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Report+on+J.P+Morgan+%26+Chase+Company&rft.date=2012-11&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10308896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. W. Schuckers, <i>The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase</i>, (1874)., p. 585; letter of May 30, 1993, to August Belmont</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Howard Jay. <i>Everyman's Constitution</i>. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everyman%27s+Constitution&rft.pages=132&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Howard+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (November 2015)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Foner, Eric</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pPwrSSx44GYC"><i>A Short History of Reconstruction (1863–1877)</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 529. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0060551827" title="Special:BookSources/978-0060551827"><bdi>978-0060551827</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511173302/http://books.google.com/books?id=pPwrSSx44GYC">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Reconstruction+%281863%E2%80%931877%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=529&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0060551827&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpPwrSSx44GYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, George H. (1895). <i>Occasional Addresses</i>. Portland, Oregon: F.W. Baltes and Company, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Chief Justice Chase's Remains". <i>The Evening Star</i>. October 11, 1886. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Star&rft.atitle=Chief+Justice+Chase%27s+Remains&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1886-10-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050903032026/http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c20_e.html">"Christensen, George A. (1983) <i>Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices</i>, Yearbook"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourthistory.org/04_library/subs_volumes/04_c20_e.html">the original</a> on September 3, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christensen%2C+George+A.+%281983%29+Here+Lies+the+Supreme+Court%3A+Gravesites+of+the+Justices%2C+Yearbook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourthistory.org%2F04_library%2Fsubs_volumes%2F04_c20_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Historical_Society" title="Supreme Court Historical Society">Supreme Court Historical Society</a> at <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>See also</i>, Christensen, George A., <i>Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited</i>, <i>Journal of Supreme Court History</i>, Volume 33 Issue 1, Pages 17–41 (February 19, 2008), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhelps2016" class="citation web cs1">Phelps, Jordyn (February 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/antonin-scalia-supreme-court-chair-bench-draped-black/story?id=36969588">"Antonin Scalia's Supreme Court Chair and Bench Draped in Black"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160217053321/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/antonin-scalia-supreme-court-chair-bench-draped-black/story?id=36969588">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Antonin+Scalia%27s+Supreme+Court+Chair+and+Bench+Draped+in+Black&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft.aulast=Phelps&rft.aufirst=Jordyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fantonin-scalia-supreme-court-chair-bench-draped-black%2Fstory%3Fid%3D36969588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3134028">"Among the Chief Justices of the United States, Salmon P. Chase Stands out as a Dedicated Protector of the Rights of African Americans"</a></span>. <i>The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education</i> (40): 48–51. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3134028">10.2307/3134028</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1077-3711">1077-3711</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3134028">3134028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Blacks+in+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Among+the+Chief+Justices+of+the+United+States%2C+Salmon+P.+Chase+Stands+out+as+a+Dedicated+Protector+of+the+Rights+of+African+Americans&rft.issue=40&rft.pages=48-51&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1077-3711&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3134028%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3134028&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F3134028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slate-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slate_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2009" class="citation web cs1">Palmer, Brian (July 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2223484/">"Somebody Call Officer Crumb!: How much cash can a corrupt politician cram into a cereal box?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Slate.com">Slate.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907092635/http://www.slate.com/id/2223484">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nh.gov&rft.atitle=List+of+Markers+by+Marker+Number&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nh.gov%2Fnhdhr%2Fmarkers%2Fdocuments%2Fmarkers_bynumber.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2034098/fullcredits">"Saving Lincoln (2013) - IMDb"</a>. IMDb. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018081140/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2034098/fullcredits">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saving+Lincoln+%282013%29+-+IMDb&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt2034098%2Ffullcredits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23043578">Niven, John, et al. eds. ed. <i>The Salmon P. Chase Papers</i> Volume: 2, 1823–57 (1993)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810170936/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23043578">Archived</a> August 10, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> vol 1–5 have coverage to 1873</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10424543">Niven, John, et al. eds. ed. <i>The Salmon P. Chase Papers</i> Volume: 3, 1858–63 (1993)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824041710/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10424543">Archived</a> August 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10261520">Donald, David ed. <i>Inside Lincoln's Cabinet: The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase</i> (1954)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810170757/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10261520">Archived</a> August 10, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Secondary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1379026">Salmon Portland Chase</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEB1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Salmon Portland Chase"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Salmon_Portland_Chase">"Salmon Portland Chase" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 435</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salmon+Portland+Chase&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=435&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Salmon Portland Chase"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Salmon_Portland_Chase">"Salmon Portland Chase" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 955–956</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salmon+Portland+Chase&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=955-956&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=22807164">Blue, Frederick J. <i>Salmon P. Chase: A Life in Politics</i> (1987)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810171023/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=22807164">Archived</a> August 10, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Flanders, Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ozPVAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the United States Supreme Court</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604011400/https://books.google.com/books?id=ozPVAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Henry+Flanders%22&cd=7">Archived</a> June 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/J._B._Lippincott_%26_Co." title="J. B. Lippincott & Co.">J. B. Lippincott & Co.</a>, 1874 at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98855862">Friedman, Leon. "Salmon P. Chase" in <i>The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions.</i> Volume 2. (1997)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822013803/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98855862">Archived</a> August 22, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp 552–67.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=90104191">Foner, Eric. <i>Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War</i> (1970)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120728073920/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=90104191">Archived</a> July 28, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Kearns_Goodwin" title="Doris Kearns Goodwin">Goodwin, Doris Kearns</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Team_of_Rivals:_The_Political_Genius_of_Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln">Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln</a></i> (2005) on Lincoln's cabinet.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=790159">Hendrick, Burton J. <i>Lincoln's War Cabinet</i> (1946)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120529073307/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=790159">Archived</a> May 29, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Niven, John. <i>Salmon P. Chase: A Biography</i> (1995).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall1928–1990" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Randall, James G. (1928–1990). "Chase, Salmon Portland". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Biography" title="Dictionary of American Biography">Dictionary of American Biography</a></i>. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 27–34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chase%2C+Salmon+Portland&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=27-34&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1928%2F1990&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101573920">Richardson, Heather Cox. <i>The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the Civil War</i> (1997)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525081544/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101573920">Archived</a> May 25, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>J. W. Schuckers, <i>The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase</i>, (1874).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_M._Evarts1874" class="citation book cs1">William M. Evarts (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19165"><i>Eulogy on Chief-Justice Chase</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202072206/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19165">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eulogy+on+Chief-Justice+Chase&rft.date=1874&rft.au=William+M.+Evarts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F19165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGore_Vidal1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gore_Vidal" title="Gore Vidal">Gore Vidal</a> (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lincolnnove00vida"><i>Lincoln</i></a></span>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780394528953" title="Special:BookSources/9780394528953"><bdi>9780394528953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincoln&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780394528953&rft.au=Gore+Vidal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flincolnnove00vida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span> Salmon Chase is one of the major figures in this extensively researched historical novel.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham1992" class="citation book cs1">Abraham, Henry J. (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_f0e8"><i>Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court</i></a></span> (3rd ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-506557-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-506557-3"><bdi>0-19-506557-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justices+and+Presidents%3A+A+Political+History+of+Appointments+to+the+Supreme+Court&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-19-506557-3&rft.aulast=Abraham&rft.aufirst=Henry+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funset0000unse_f0e8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Barnett, Randy E. (2013). "From Antislavery Lawyer to Chief Justice: The Remarkable but Forgotten Career of Salmon P. Chase", <i>Case Western Reserve Law Review</i>, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 653–702. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1212&context=caselrev">online</a></li> <li>Benedict, Michael Les. "Salmon P. Chase and Constitutional Politics". <i>Law & Social Inquiry</i> 22.2 (1997): 459–500.</li> <li>Blue, Frederick J. "From Right to Left: The Political Conversion of Salmon P. Chase." <i>Northern Kentucky Law Review,</i> 21 (1993): 1+.</li> <li>Blue, Frederick J. "The moral journey of a political abolitionist: Salmon P. Chase and his critics." <i>Civil War History </i>57.3 (2011): 210–233.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouie2022" class="citation news cs1">Bouie, Jamelle (October 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/15/opinion/slavery-politics-salmon-p-chase.html?smid=url-share">"What an Antislavery Politician Missed and Why It Still Matters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+an+Antislavery+Politician+Missed+and+Why+It+Still+Matters&rft.date=2022-10-15&rft.aulast=Bouie&rft.aufirst=Jamelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F10%2F15%2Fopinion%2Fslavery-politics-salmon-p-chase.html%3Fsmid%3Durl-share&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Caires, Michael T. "Building a Union of Banks: Salmon P. Chase and the Creation of the National Banking System" <i>New Perspectives on the Union War</i> edited by Gary W. Gallagher and Elizabeth R. Varon (Fordham UP, 2019) pp 160-185. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284542.003.0008">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCushman2001" class="citation book cs1">Cushman, Clare (2001). <i>The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995</i> (2nd ed.). Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-126-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-126-3"><bdi>978-1-56802-126-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Supreme+Court+Justices%3A+Illustrated+Biographies%2C+1789%E2%80%931995&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+Historical+Society%2C+Congressional+Quarterly+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-56802-126-3&rft.aulast=Cushman&rft.aufirst=Clare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank1995" class="citation book cs1">Frank, John P. (1995). Leon Friedman; Fred L. Israel (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/justicesofunited0000unse"><i>The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions</i></a></span>. Chelsea House Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-1377-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-1377-9"><bdi>978-0-7910-1377-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Justices+of+the+United+States+Supreme+Court%3A+Their+Lives+and+Major+Opinions&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-1377-9&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjusticesofunited0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gerteis, Louis S. "Salmon P. Chase, Radicalism, and the Politics of Emancipation, 1861-1864." <i>Journal of American History</i> 60.1 (1973): 42–62. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2936328">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1992" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Kermit L., ed. (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall"><i>The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505835-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505835-2"><bdi>978-0-19-505835-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Supreme+Court+of+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505835-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00hall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1965" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, David F. (March 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3655&context=vlr">"Salmon P. Chase: Chief Justice"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Law_Review" title="Vanderbilt Law Review">Vanderbilt Law Review</a></i>. <b>18</b> (2): 569–614.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanderbilt+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Salmon+P.+Chase%3A+Chief+Justice&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=569-614&rft.date=1965-03&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D3655%26context%3Dvlr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Maizlish, Stephen E. (1998). "Salmon P. Chase: The Roots of Ambition and the Origins of Reform". <i>Journal of the Early Republic</i> 18.1, pp. 47–70. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3124732">3124732</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinGoehlert,_Robert_U.1990" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Fenton S.; Goehlert, Robert U. (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ussupremecourtbi0000mart"><i>The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography</i></a></span>. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87187-554-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87187-554-3"><bdi>0-87187-554-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Supreme+Court%3A+A+Bibliography&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87187-554-3&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Fenton+S.&rft.au=Goehlert%2C+Robert+U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fussupremecourtbi0000mart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Newman, Patrick. "The Origins of the National Banking System: The Chase–Cooke Connection and the New York City Banks"." <i>Independent Review</i> 22.3 (2018): 383–401. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26314773">26314773</a>.</li> <li>Nicoletti, Cynthia. "Chief Justice Salmon Chase and the Permanency of the Union", <i>Journal of Supreme Court History</i>, Vol. 44, no. 2 (2019), pp. 154-169.</li> <li>Niven, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jala/2629860.0012.103/--lincoln-and-chase-a-reappraisal?rgn=main;view=fulltext">"Lincoln and Chase, a Reappraisal"</a>. <i>Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association</i>, Vol. 12, 1991, pp. 1-15, with a comment by <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Fehrenbacher" title="Don E. Fehrenbacher">Don E. Fehrenbacher</a>.</li> <li>Roseboom, Eugene H. "Salmon P. Chase and the Know Nothings". <i>Mississippi Valley Historical Review</i> 25.3 (1938): 335–350. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1897252">1897252</a>.</li> <li>Stahr, Walter (2021). <i>Salmon P. Chase: Lincoln's Vital Rival</i>. Simon & Schuster.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrofsky1994" class="citation book cs1">Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv"><i>The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a></span>. New York: Garland Publishing. p. 590. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-1176-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-1176-8"><bdi>978-0-8153-1176-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Supreme+Court+Justices%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=590&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-1176-8&rft.aulast=Urofsky&rft.aufirst=Melvin+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsupremecourtjust00melv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarden1874" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Warden" title="Robert B. Warden">Warden, Robert B.</a> (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anaccountprivat02wardgoog"><i>An Account of the Private Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase</i></a>. Cincinnati: Wilstach, Baldwin and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Account+of+the+Private+Life+and+Public+Services+of+Salmon+Portland+Chase&rft.place=Cincinnati&rft.pub=Wilstach%2C+Baldwin+and+Co&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Warden&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanaccountprivat02wardgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span> Authorized biography.</li> <li>White, G. Edward. "Reconstructing the Constitutional Jurisprudence of Salmon P. Chase." <i>Northern Kentucky Law Review,</i> 21 (1993): 41+.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Salmon_P._Chase" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Salmon P. 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Chase</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091023004356/http://geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/6109/salmon1.htm"><i>The Life of Salmon P. Chase, Attorney General of Fugitive Slaves</i>.</a>, at WebCitation.org</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.hsp.org/collections/manuscripts/c/Chase0121.html">Salmon P. Chase papers</a>, including correspondence and a myriad of biographical materials spanning the years 1820–1884, are available for research use at the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Historical Society of Pennsylvania">Historical Society of Pennsylvania</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231131605/http://www.tulane.edu/~latner/Chase.html">Salmon P. Chase</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University_Law_School" title="Tulane University Law School">Tulane University Law School</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlwh.org/inside.asp?ID=86&subjectID=2">Biography</a> at "Mr. Lincoln's White House"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=68&subjectID=4">Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233405/http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=68&subjectID=4">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at "Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Salmon P. Chase"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19165">Eulogy on Chief-Justice Chase</a>, delivered by <a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">William M. Evarts</a>, 1874, at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090118212717/http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/supreme/judges/chase/spc-bio.html">Biography</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090118212645/http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/supreme/judges/chase/spc-bib.html">Bibliography</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090118212623/http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/supreme/judges/chase/spc-lop.html">Location of Papers</a>, via <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?64314-1/salmon-p-chase-biography">Interview with John Niven on <i>Salmon P. Chase: A Biography</i>, May 28, 1995.</a> at <i>Booknotes</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1574">Salmon P. Chase Letters</a> at Dartmouth College Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.professorbuzzkill.com/piece-of-sht-saturday-salmon-p-chase/">"Salmon P. Chase."</a>—Heather Cox Richardson interview on The Professor Buzzkill History Podcast, July 16, 2022.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressC000332" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000332">"Salmon P. Chase (id: C000332)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Salmon+P.+Chase+%28id%3A+C000332%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC000332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalmon+P.+Chase" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(governor)" title="William Allen (governor)">William Allen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Ohio</a> </b><br />1849–1855 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Thomas Corwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_E._Pugh" title="George E. Pugh">George Pugh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_E._Pugh" title="George E. Pugh">George Pugh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Ohio</a> </b><br />1861 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Ohio">Governor of Ohio</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1855_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1855 Ohio gubernatorial election">1855</a>, <a href="/wiki/1857_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1857 Ohio gubernatorial election">1857</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">William Dennison</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Medill" title="William Medill">William Medill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Ohio">Governor of Ohio</a> </b><br />1856–1860 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">William Dennison</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">John Dix</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a> </b><br />1861–1864 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">William Fessenden</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger Taney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a> </b><br />1864–1873 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Waite" title="Morrison Waite">Morrison Waite</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_and_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_and_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">United States senators from Ohio</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Ohio_politician,_died_1824)" title="John Smith (Ohio politician, died 1824)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_J._Meigs_Jr." title="Return J. Meigs Jr.">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Worthington_(governor)" title="Thomas Worthington (governor)">Worthington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kerr" title="Joseph Kerr">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ruggles" title="Benjamin Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morris_(Ohio_politician)" title="Thomas Morris (Ohio politician)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tappan" title="Benjamin Tappan">Tappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hanna" title="Mark Hanna">Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._F._Dick" title="Charles W. F. Dick">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Pomerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_D._Fess" title="Simeon D. Fess">Fess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Donahey" title="Vic Donahey">Donahey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_H._Burton" title="Harold H. Burton">H. Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Huffman" title="James W. Huffman">Huffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_A._Taft" title="Kingsley A. Taft">K. Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker">Bricker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Young" title="Stephen M. Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Taft_Jr." title="Robert Taft Jr.">R. Taft Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Metzenbaum" title="Howard Metzenbaum">Metzenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">DeWine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">S. Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Worthington_(governor)" title="Thomas Worthington (governor)">Worthington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tiffin" title="Edward Tiffin">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Griswold" title="Stanley Griswold">Griswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Campbell (American politician)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Morrow" title="Jeremiah Morrow">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Trimble" title="William A. Trimble">Trimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen_Brown" title="Ethan Allen Brown">E. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Burnet" title="Jacob Burnet">Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(governor)" title="William Allen (governor)">Allen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Pugh" title="George E. Pugh">Pugh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Matthews_(judge)" title="Stanley Matthews (judge)">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Payne" title="Henry B. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Foraker" title="Joseph B. Foraker">Foraker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_E._Burton" title="Theodore E. Burton">T. Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Willis" title="Frank B. Willis">Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Locher" title="Cyrus Locher">Locher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_E._Burton" title="Theodore E. Burton">T. Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_C._McCulloch" title="Roscoe C. McCulloch">McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Bulkley" title="Robert J. Bulkley">Bulkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">R. Taft Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Burke" title="Thomas A. Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Bender" title="George H. Bender">Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lausche" title="Frank Lausche">Lausche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Saxbe" title="William B. Saxbe">Saxbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Metzenbaum" title="Howard Metzenbaum">Metzenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Voinovich" title="George Voinovich">Voinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Portman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_secretaries_of_the_treasury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSecTreas" title="Template:USSecTreas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USSecTreas" title="Template talk:USSecTreas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USSecTreas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USSecTreas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_the_treasury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">United States secretaries of the treasury</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott_Jr." title="Oliver Wolcott Jr.">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Dallas_(statesman)" title="Alexander J. Dallas (statesman)">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Ingham" title="Samuel D. Ingham">Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Duane" title="William J. Duane">Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Taney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Forward" title="Walter Forward">Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Walker" title="Robert J. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Francis_Thomas" title="Philip Francis Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adams_Richardson" title="William Adams Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bristow" title="Benjamin Bristow">Bristow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_M._Morrill" title="Lot M. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Folger" title="Charles J. Folger">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Manning" title="Daniel Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Fairchild" title="Charles S. Fairchild">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Foster_(Ohio_politician)" title="Charles Foster (Ohio politician)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_J._Gage" title="Lyman J. Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._M._Shaw" title="L. M. Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Cortelyou" title="George B. Cortelyou">Cortelyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_MacVeagh" title="Franklin MacVeagh">MacVeagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">McAdoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_F._Houston" title="David F. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden_L._Mills" title="Ogden L. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Woodin" title="William H. Woodin">Woodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Jr." title="Henry Morgenthau Jr.">Morgenthau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Vinson" title="Fred M. Vinson">Vinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Snyder" title="John Wesley Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Humphrey" title="George M. Humphrey">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Anderson_(Texas_politician)" title="Robert B. Anderson (Texas politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Fowler" title="Henry H. Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Barr" title="Joseph W. Barr">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(politician)" title="David M. Kennedy (politician)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Simon" title="William E. Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Michael_Blumenthal" title="W. Michael Blumenthal">Blumenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._William_Miller" title="G. William Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Regan" title="Donald Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_F._Brady" title="Nicholas F. Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._O%27Neill" title="Paul H. O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Snow" title="John W. Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Paulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Geithner" title="Timothy Geithner">Geithner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Lew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin" title="Steven Mnuchin">Mnuchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Yellen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury"><img alt="Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/110px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/165px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg/220px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="246" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Template:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Template talk:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Justices of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd flatlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Chief_justices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief justices</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jay_Court" title="Jay Court">1789–1795</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Jay_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Jay Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rutledge_Court" title="Rutledge Court">1795</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Rutledge_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rutledge Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ellsworth" title="Oliver Ellsworth">Oliver Ellsworth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Court" title="Ellsworth Court">1796–1800</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Ellsworth_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Ellsworth Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marshall_Court" title="Marshall Court">1801–1835</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Marshall_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Marshall Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taney_Court" title="Taney Court">1836–1864</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taney_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taney Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salmon P. Chase</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chase_Court" title="Chase Court">1864–1873</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Chase_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Chase Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Waite" title="Morrison Waite">Morrison Waite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waite_Court" title="Waite Court">1874–1888</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Waite_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Waite Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Fuller" title="Melville Fuller">Melville Fuller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuller_Court" title="Fuller Court">1888–1910</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Fuller_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Fuller Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_Court_(justices)" title="White Court (justices)">1910–1921</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_White_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the White Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taft_Court" title="Taft Court">1921–1930</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taft_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taft Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hughes_Court" title="Hughes Court">1930–1941</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Hughes_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Hughes Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stone_Court" title="Stone Court">1941–1946</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Stone_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Stone Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Vinson" title="Fred M. Vinson">Fred M. Vinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vinson_Court" title="Vinson Court">1946–1953</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Vinson_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Vinson Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Warren_Court" title="Warren Court">1953–1969</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Warren_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Warren E. Burger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burger_Court" title="Burger Court">1969–1986</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Burger_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rehnquist_Court" title="Rehnquist Court">1986–2005</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Rehnquist_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roberts_Court" title="Roberts Court">2005–present</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Roberts_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court">cases</a></i>)</li></ol> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd flatlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Associate_justices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate justices</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ol><li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">J. Rutledge</a>* (1790–1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cushing" title="William Cushing">Cushing</a> (1790–1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">Wilson</a> (1789–1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blair_Jr." title="John Blair Jr.">Blair</a> (1790–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iredell" title="James Iredell">Iredell</a> (1790–1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(judge)" title="Thomas Johnson (judge)">T. Johnson</a> (1792–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)" title="William Paterson (judge)">Paterson</a> (1793–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">S. Chase</a> (1796–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Washington</a> (1798–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Moore" title="Alfred Moore">Moore</a> (1800–1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Johnson_(judge)" title="William Johnson (judge)">W. Johnson</a> (1804–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brockholst_Livingston" title="Henry Brockholst Livingston">Livingston</a> (1807–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Todd" title="Thomas Todd">Todd</a> (1807–1826)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Duvall" title="Gabriel Duvall">Duvall</a> (1811–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a> (1812–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">Thompson</a> (1823–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trimble" title="Robert Trimble">Trimble</a> (1826–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">McLean</a> (1829–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Baldwin_(judge)" title="Henry Baldwin (judge)">Baldwin</a> (1830–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="James Moore Wayne">Wayne</a> (1835–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a> (1836–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Catron" title="John Catron">Catron</a> (1837–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">McKinley</a> (1838–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_V._Daniel" title="Peter V. Daniel">Daniel</a> (1842–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nelson" title="Samuel Nelson">Nelson</a> (1845–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Woodbury</a> (1845–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cooper_Grier" title="Robert Cooper Grier">Grier</a> (1846–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Curtis</a> (1851–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Campbell" title="John Archibald Campbell">Campbell</a> (1853–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Clifford" title="Nathan Clifford">Clifford</a> (1858–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Haynes_Swayne" title="Noah Haynes Swayne">Swayne</a> (1862–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Freeman_Miller" title="Samuel Freeman Miller">Miller</a> (1862–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a> (1862–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Johnson_Field" title="Stephen Johnson Field">Field</a> (1863–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Strong_(Pennsylvania_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Strong (Pennsylvania judge)">Strong</a> (1870–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Bradley" title="Joseph P. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1870–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt" title="Ward Hunt">Hunt</a> (1873–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan" title="John Marshall Harlan">J. M. Harlan</a> (1877–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burnham_Woods" title="William Burnham Woods">Woods</a> (1881–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Matthews_(judge)" title="Stanley Matthews (judge)">Matthews</a> (1881–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Gray" title="Horace Gray">Gray</a> (1882–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Blatchford" title="Samuel Blatchford">Blatchford</a> (1882–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar" title="Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar">L. Lamar</a> (1888–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Brewer" title="David J. Brewer">Brewer</a> (1890–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Billings_Brown" title="Henry Billings Brown">Brown</a> (1891–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shiras_Jr." title="George Shiras Jr.">Shiras</a> (1892–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_E._Jackson" title="Howell E. Jackson">H. Jackson</a> (1893–1895)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">E. White</a>* (1894–1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_W._Peckham" title="Rufus W. Peckham">Peckham</a> (1896–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McKenna" title="Joseph McKenna">McKenna</a> (1898–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Holmes</a> (1902–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">Day</a> (1903–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a> (1906–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Harmon_Lurton" title="Horace Harmon Lurton">Lurton</a> (1910–1914)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a>* (1910–1916)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Van_Devanter" title="Willis Van Devanter">Van Devanter</a> (1911–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rucker_Lamar" title="Joseph Rucker Lamar">J. Lamar</a> (1911–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Pitney" title="Mahlon Pitney">Pitney</a> (1912–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_McReynolds" title="James Clark McReynolds">McReynolds</a> (1914–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a> (1916–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hessin_Clarke" title="John Hessin Clarke">Clarke</a> (1916–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a> (1922–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(judge)" title="Pierce Butler (judge)">Butler</a> (1923–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a> (1923–1930)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Stone</a>* (1925–1941)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Roberts" title="Owen Roberts">O. Roberts</a> (1930–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Cardozo</a> (1932–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Black</a> (1937–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Forman_Reed" title="Stanley Forman Reed">Reed</a> (1938–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Frankfurter" title="Felix Frankfurter">Frankfurter</a> (1939–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas</a> (1939–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murphy" title="Frank Murphy">Murphy</a> (1940–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Jackson" title="Robert H. Jackson">R. Jackson</a> (1941–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiley_Rutledge" title="Wiley Rutledge">W. Rutledge</a> (1943–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_H._Burton" title="Harold H. Burton">Burton</a> (1945–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_C._Clark" title="Tom C. Clark">Clark</a> (1949–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton" title="Sherman Minton">Minton</a> (1949–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">J. M. Harlan II</a> (1955–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">Brennan</a> (1956–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a> (1957–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter_Stewart" title="Potter Stewart">Stewart</a> (1958–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">B. White</a> (1962–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Goldberg</a> (1962–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Fortas" title="Abe Fortas">Fortas</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">T. Marshall</a> (1967–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Blackmun</a> (1970–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr." title="Lewis F. Powell Jr.">Powell</a> (1972–1987)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a>* (1972–1986)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">Stevens</a> (1975–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a> (1981–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a> (1986–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1988–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">Souter</a> (1990–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a> (1991–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a> (1993–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Breyer</a> (1994–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sotomayor</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Kagan</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">K. Jackson</a> (2022–present)</li></ol> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;">*<i>Also served as Chief Justice of the United States</i></span></div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_anti-slavery_parties_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_anti-slavery_parties_(U.S.)" title="Template:Historical anti-slavery parties (U.S.)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_anti-slavery_parties_(U.S.)" title="Template talk:Historical anti-slavery parties (U.S.)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_anti-slavery_parties_(U.S.)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical anti-slavery parties (U.S.)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_anti-slavery_parties_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical anti-slavery parties in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential tickets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Earle_(American_politician)" title="Thomas Earle (American politician)">Thomas Earle</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morris_(Ohio_politician)" title="Thomas Morris (Ohio politician)">Thomas Morris</a> (<a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Smith" title="Gerrit Smith">Gerrit Smith</a>/Charles C. Foote (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goodell_(abolitionist)" title="William Goodell (abolitionist)">William Goodell</a>/S. M. Bell (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Smith" title="Gerrit Smith">Gerrit Smith</a>/Samuel McFarland (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Smith" title="Gerrit Smith">Gerrit Smith</a>/Samuel McFarland (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles F. Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_W._Julian" title="George W. Julian">George W. Julian</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hannibal Hamlin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1848_Free_Soil_%26_Liberty_national_conventions" title="1848 Free Soil & Liberty national conventions">1848 Free Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">1856 Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860 Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention" title="1864 National Union National Convention">1864 National Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other party leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salmon P. Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Simon Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bates" title="Edward Bates">Edward Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair" title="Francis Preston Blair">Francis P. Blair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="American Anti-Slavery Society">American Anti-Slavery Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nebraska_movement" title="Anti-Nebraska movement">Anti-Nebraska movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnburners_and_Hunkers" title="Barnburners and Hunkers">Barnburners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscience_Whigs" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscience Whigs">Conscience Whigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Party">North American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_Party_(United_States)" title="Radical Democracy Party (United States)">Radical Democracy Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Ohio" title="Template:Governors of Ohio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Ohio" title="Template talk:Governors of Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Ohio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Ohio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_Ohio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Ohio" title="List of governors of Ohio">Governors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ohio" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ohio">lieutenant governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tiffin" title="Edward Tiffin">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kirker" title="Thomas Kirker">Kirker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Ohio_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Ohio politician)">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_J._Meigs_Jr." title="Return J. Meigs Jr.">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othniel_Looker" title="Othniel Looker">Looker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Worthington_(governor)" title="Thomas Worthington (governor)">Worthington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen_Brown" title="Ethan Allen Brown">E. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Trimble" title="Allen Trimble">Trimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Morrow" title="Jeremiah Morrow">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Trimble" title="Allen Trimble">Trimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_McArthur" title="Duncan McArthur">McArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_(governor)" title="Robert Lucas (governor)">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vance_(Ohio_politician)" title="Joseph Vance (Ohio politician)">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Shannon" title="Wilson Shannon">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Shannon" title="Wilson Shannon">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Bartley" title="Thomas W. Bartley">T. Bartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Bartley" title="Mordecai Bartley">M. Bartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bebb" title="William Bebb">Bebb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabury_Ford" title="Seabury Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Wood" title="Reuben Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Medill" title="William Medill">Medill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">Dennison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tod" title="David Tod">Tod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brough" title="John Brough">Brough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anderson_(governor)" title="Charles Anderson (governor)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Dolson_Cox" title="Jacob Dolson Cox">J. D. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Follansbee_Noyes" title="Edward Follansbee Noyes">Noyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(governor)" title="William Allen (governor)">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Young" title="Thomas L. Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Bishop" title="Richard M. Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Foster_(Ohio_politician)" title="Charles Foster (Ohio politician)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hoadly" title="George Hoadly">Hoadly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Foraker" title="Joseph B. Foraker">Foraker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Campbell" title="James E. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_S._Bushnell_(Governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asa S. Bushnell (Governor)">Bushnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_K._Nash" title="George K. Nash">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_T._Herrick" title="Myron T. Herrick">Herrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Pattison" title="John M. Pattison">Pattison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_L._Harris" title="Andrew L. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judson_Harmon" title="Judson Harmon">Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">J. M. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Willis" title="Frank B. Willis">Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">J. M. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_L._Davis" title="Harry L. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Victor_Donahey" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Victor Donahey">Donahey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers_Y._Cooper" title="Myers Y. Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_L._Davey" title="Martin L. Davey">Davey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker">Bricker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lausche" title="Frank Lausche">Lausche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Herbert" title="Thomas J. Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lausche" title="Frank Lausche">Lausche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Brown" title="John William Brown">J. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._William_O%27Neill" title="C. William O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_DiSalle" title="Michael DiSalle">DiSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rhodes" title="Jim Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Gilligan" title="John J. Gilligan">Gilligan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rhodes" title="Jim Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Celeste" title="Dick Celeste">Celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Voinovich" title="George Voinovich">Voinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Hollister" title="Nancy Hollister">Hollister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Taft" title="Bob Taft">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Strickland" title="Ted Strickland">Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">Kasich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">DeWine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Ohio.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Ohio.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Ohio.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="11340" data-file-height="7200" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/100px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/150px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/200px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lieutenant<br />governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Medill" title="William Medill">Medill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Myers_(politician)" title="James Myers (politician)">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ford" title="Thomas H. Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Welker" title="Martin Welker">Welker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Kirk" title="Robert C. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stanton" title="Benjamin Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anderson_(governor)" title="Charles Anderson (governor)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McBurney" title="Andrew McBurney">McBurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Lee" title="John C. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Mueller" title="Jacob Mueller">Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonso_Hart" title="Alphonso Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Young" title="Thomas L. Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._W._Curtiss" title="H. W. Curtiss">Curtiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_W._Fitch" title="Jabez W. Fitch">Fitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hickenlooper" title="Andrew Hickenlooper">Hickenlooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rees_G._Richards" title="Rees G. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Warwick" title="John G. Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Kennedy" title="Robert P. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_A._Conrad" title="Silas A. Conrad">Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lyon" title="William C. Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_L._Lampson" title="Elbert L. Lampson">Lampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Marquis" title="William V. Marquis">Marquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_L._Harris" title="Andrew L. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_W._Jones" title="Asa W. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Caldwell" title="John A. Caldwell">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_L._Nippert" title="Carl L. Nippert">Nippert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_L._Gordon" title="Harry L. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_L._Harris" title="Andrew L. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Treadway" title="Francis W. Treadway">Treadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Pomerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Nichols" title="Hugh L. Nichols">Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._A._Greenlund" title="W. A. Greenlund">Greenlund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Arnold_(politician)" title="John H. Arnold (politician)">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_D._Bloom" title="Earl D. Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_J._Brown" title="Clarence J. Brown">C. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_D._Bloom" title="Earl D. Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Lewis" title="Charles H. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_D._Bloom" title="Earl D. Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Pickrel" title="William G. Pickrel">Pickrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Braden" title="George C. Braden">Braden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Brown" title="John T. Brown">J. T. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Pickrel" title="William G. Pickrel">Pickrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Sawyer" title="Charles W. Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_G._Mosier" title="Harold G. Mosier">Mosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_P._Yoder" title="Paul P. Yoder">Yoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_M._Herbert" title="Paul M. Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Nye" title="George D. Nye">Nye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_M._Herbert" title="Paul M. Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Nye" title="George D. Nye">Nye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Brown" title="John William Brown">J. W. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_M._Herbert" title="Paul M. Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Donahey" title="John W. Donahey">Donahey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Brown" title="John William Brown">J. W. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Celeste" title="Dick Celeste">Celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Voinovich" title="George Voinovich">Voinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrl_Shoemaker" title="Myrl Shoemaker">Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Leonard_(politician)" title="Paul Leonard (politician)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">DeWine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Hollister" title="Nancy Hollister">Hollister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Connor" title="Maureen O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennette_Bradley" title="Jennette Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Johnson_(Ohio_politician)" title="Bruce Johnson (Ohio politician)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Fisher" title="Lee Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Taylor_(Ohio_politician)" title="Mary Taylor (Ohio politician)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Husted" title="Jon Husted">Husted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Abraham_Lincoln_(1861–1865)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lincoln_cabinet" title="Template:Lincoln cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lincoln_cabinet" title="Template talk:Lincoln cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lincoln_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lincoln cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Abraham_Lincoln_(1861–1865)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> (1861–1865)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a> (1861–1865)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/100px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/150px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg/200px-Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="3742" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salmon P. Chase</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">William P. Fessenden</a> (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">Hugh McCulloch</a> (1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Simon Cameron</a> (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a> (1862–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bates" title="Edward Bates">Edward Bates</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Speed" title="James Speed">James Speed</a> (1864–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Blair" title="Montgomery Blair">Montgomery Blair</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">William Dennison Jr.</a> (1864–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Gideon Welles</a> (1861–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Blood_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Caleb Blood Smith">Caleb Blood Smith</a> (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Palmer_Usher" title="John Palmer Usher">John Palmer Usher</a> (1863–1865)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Team_of_Rivals" title="Team of Rivals">Team of Rivals</a></i> <small>(2005 book)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Civil_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Civil_War" title="Template talk:American Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_leading_to_the_American_Civil_War" title="Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War">Timeline leading to the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas-Nebraska_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas-Nebraska Act">Kansas-Nebraska Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates" title="Lincoln–Douglas debates">Lincoln–Douglas debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullification_crisis" title="Nullification crisis">Nullification crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Popular sovereignty in the United States">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Declaration_of_Secession" title="South Carolina Declaration of Secession">South Carolina Declaration of Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_75,000_volunteers" title="President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers">President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" title="Crittenden Compromise">Crittenden Compromise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-Eaters" title="Fire-Eaters">Fire-Eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slave laws in the United States">Fugitive slave laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations in the American South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_as_a_positive_good_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery as a positive good in the United States">Positive good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">Slave Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Debates_on_Slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lane Debates on Slavery">Lane Debates on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Sella_Martin" title="J. Sella Martin">J. Sella Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Stearns" title="George Luther Stearns">George Luther Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caning_of_Charles_Sumner" title="Caning of Charles Sumner">Caning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="CombatantsTheatersCampaignsBattlesStates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Combatants</li><li>Theaters</li><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li><li>States</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Revenue_Cutter_Service" title="United States Revenue Cutter Service">Revenue Cutter Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Marine_Corps" title="Confederate States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Theaters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Eastern theater of the American Civil War">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Western theater of the American Civil War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_seaboard_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Lower seaboard theater of the American Civil War">Lower Seaboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War">Trans-Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War">Pacific Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Union naval blockade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Campaigns of the American Civil War">campaigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Anaconda Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Blockade runners of the American Civil War">Blockade runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_campaign" title="New Mexico campaign">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_Valley_campaign" title="Jackson's Valley campaign">Jackson's Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_campaign" title="Peninsula campaign">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia_campaign" title="Northern Virginia campaign">Northern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_campaign" title="Maryland campaign">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_campaign" title="Vicksburg campaign">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullahoma_campaign" title="Tullahoma campaign">Tullahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_campaign" title="Gettysburg campaign">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristoe_campaign" title="Bristoe campaign">Bristoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_campaign" title="Knoxville campaign">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_campaign" title="Red River campaign">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_campaign" title="Atlanta campaign">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_campaigns_of_1864" title="Valley campaigns of 1864">Valley 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Hundred_campaign" title="Bermuda Hundred campaign">Bermuda Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Richmond-Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%E2%80%93Nashville_campaign" title="Franklin–Nashville campaign">Franklin–Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Missouri_Expedition" title="Price's Missouri Expedition">Price's Missouri Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign of the Carolinas">Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign_(1865)" title="Mobile campaign (1865)">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_campaign" title="Appomattox campaign">Appomattox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_battles" title="List of American Civil War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">1st Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilson%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Wilson's Creek">Wilson's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Donelson" title="Battle of Fort Donelson">Fort Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pea_Ridge" title="Battle of Pea Ridge">Pea Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Battle of Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forts_Jackson_and_St._Philip" title="Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corinth" title="Siege of Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seven_Pines" title="Battle of Seven Pines">Seven Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="Second Battle of Bull Run">2nd Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam" title="Battle of Antietam">Antietam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perryville" title="Battle of Perryville">Perryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburg" title="Battle of Fredericksburg">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville" title="Battle of Chancellorsville">Chancellorsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Chickamauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_campaign" title="Chattanooga campaign">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Spotsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Cold Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atlanta" title="Battle of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crater" title="Battle of the Crater">Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_Bay" title="Battle of Mobile Bay">Mobile Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin (1864)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville" title="Battle of Nashville">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Five_Forks" title="Battle of Five Forks">Five Forks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">States and<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="California in the American Civil War">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado in the American Civil War">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Connecticut in the American Civil War">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory#Dakota_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Delaware#Delaware_in_the_Civil_War" title="History of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hawaii and the American Civil War">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho in the American Civil War">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Illinois in the American Civil War">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indian Territory in the American Civil War">Indian Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indiana in the American Civil War">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Iowa in the American Civil War">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kansas in the American Civil War">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kentucky in the American Civil War">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maine in the American Civil War">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maryland in the American Civil War">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Massachusetts in the American Civil War">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Michigan in the American Civil War">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Minnesota#Civil_War_era_and_Dakota_War_of_1862" title="History of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana in the American Civil War">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nebraska Territory in the American Civil War">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nevada in the American Civil War">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Civil_War:_1861–1865" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Jersey in the American Civil War">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Ohio in the American Civil War">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Oregon in the American Civil War">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pennsylvania in the American Civil War">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Rhode Island in the American Civil War">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah in the American Civil War">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Vermont in the American Civil War">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington in the American Civil War">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="West Virginia in the American Civil War">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Wisconsin in the American Civil War">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Atlanta in the American Civil War">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Charleston in the American Civil War">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Chattanooga in the American Civil War">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Orleans in the American Civil War">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester, Virginia in the American Civil War">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_leadership_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military leadership in the American Civil War">Leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Anderson_(general)" title="Richard H. Anderson (general)">R. H. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregard" title="P. G. T. Beauregard">Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Buchanan" title="Franklin Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cooper_(general)" title="Samuel Cooper (general)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ewell" title="Richard S. Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest" title="Nathan Bedford Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gorgas" title="Josiah Gorgas">Gorgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Hill" title="A. P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sidney_Johnston" title="Albert Sidney Johnston">A. S. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">J. E. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunt_Morgan" title="John Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Mosby" title="John S. Mosby">Mosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Polk" title="Leonidas Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Semmes" title="Raphael Semmes">Semmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kirby_Smith" title="Edmund Kirby Smith">E. K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_P._Benjamin" title="Judah P. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Bocock" title="Thomas S. Bocock">Bocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Memminger" title="Christopher Memminger">Memminger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Seddon" title="James Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Civil_War)" title="Robert Anderson (Civil War)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos_Buell" title="Don Carlos Buell">Buell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Francis_Du_Pont" title="Samuel Francis Du Pont">Du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hull_Foote" title="Andrew Hull Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker" title="Joseph Hooker">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Hunt" title="Henry Jackson Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_McDowell" title="Irvin McDowell">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Meade" title="George Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_C._Meigs" title="Montgomery C. Meigs">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ord" title="Edward Ord">Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(military_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pope (military officer)">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dixon_Porter" title="David Dixon Porter">D. D. Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">Rosecrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Thomas" title="George Henry Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Adams</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson" title="John Ericsson">Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton" title="Allan Pinkerton">Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Welles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th Amendment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Claims" title="Alabama Claims">Alabama Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetbagger" title="Carpetbagger">Carpetbaggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax riot of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_colonies" title="Confederate colonies">Confederate refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederados" title="Confederados">Confederados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_riot_of_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="Election riot of 1874">Eufaula riot of 1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman%27s_Savings_Bank" title="Freedman's Savings Bank">Freedman's Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homestead Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Homestead_Act_of_1866" title="Southern Homestead Act of 1866">Southern Homestead Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Culture_Act" title="Timber Culture Act">Timber Culture Act</a> of 1873</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment of Andrew Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Andrew_Johnson" title="Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">first inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">second inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_impeachment_managers_investigation" title="1868 impeachment managers investigation">impeachment managers investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%E2%80%93Holden_war" title="Kirk–Holden war">Kirk–Holden war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_White_Camelia" title="Knights of the White Camelia">Knights of the White Camelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis riots of 1866">Memphis riots of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian riot of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_massacre_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans massacre of 1866">New Orleans riot of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Acts" title="Reconstruction Acts">Reconstruction acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_of_1867" title="Habeas Corpus Act of 1867">Habeas Corpus Act of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Act_of_1870" title="Enforcement Act of 1870">Enforcement Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Enforcement_Act" title="Second Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of February 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Enforcement_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of April 1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_military_districts" title="Reconstruction military districts">Reconstruction military districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Treaties" title="Reconstruction Treaties">Reconstruction Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_Council" title="Fort Smith Council">Indian Council at Fort Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalawag" title="Scalawag">Scalawags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Claims_Commission" title="Southern Claims Commission">Southern Claims Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Post-<br />Reconstruction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Centennial" title="American Civil War Centennial">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Discovery_Trail" title="Civil War Discovery Trail">Civil War Discovery Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Roundtable" title="Civil War Roundtable">Civil War Roundtables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trails_Program" title="Civil War Trails Program">Civil War Trails Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil War Trust">Civil War Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_History_Month" title="Confederate History Month">Confederate History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Decoration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_reenactment" title="American Civil War reenactment">Historical reenactment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Day" title="Robert E. Lee Day">Robert E. Lee Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era">Disenfranchisement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiographic_issues_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="Historiographic issues about the American Civil War">Historiographic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_display_of_the_Confederate_battle_flag" title="Modern display of the Confederate battle flag">Modern display of the Confederate flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" title="Sons of Confederate Veterans">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Union_Veterans_of_the_Civil_War" title="Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War">Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Historical_Society" title="Southern Historical Society">Southern Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of the Confederacy">Children of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Monuments<br />and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Union_Civil_War_monuments_and_memorials" title="List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_the_Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of memorials to Abraham Lincoln">memorials to Lincoln</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_artworks_in_the_United_States_Capitol" title="Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol">artworks in Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Jefferson_Davis" title="List of memorials to Jefferson Davis">memorials to Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Robert_E._Lee" title="List of memorials to Robert E. Lee">memorials to Lee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" title="Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials">Removal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Memorial_Association" title="Ladies' Memorial Association">Ladies' Memorial Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Era_National_Cemeteries_MPS" title="Civil War Era National Cemeteries MPS">U.S. national cemeteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Veterans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1913 Gettysburg reunion">1913 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1938 Gettysburg reunion">1938 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Veteran" title="Confederate Veteran">Confederate Veteran</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_soldiers%27_home" title="Old soldiers' home">Old soldiers' homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_of_Honor" title="Southern Cross of Honor">Southern Cross of Honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of weapons in the American Civil War">Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Campaign_Medal" title="Civil War Campaign Medal">Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cavalry in the American Civil War">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Home_Guard" title="Confederate Home Guard">Confederate Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_railroads_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Confederate railroads in the American Civil War">Confederate railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_revolving_cannon" title="Confederate revolving cannon">Confederate revolving cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Field artillery in the American Civil War">Field artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_Medal_of_Honor_recipients" title="List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients">Medal of Honor recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Medicine in the American Civil War">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of naval battles of the American Civil War">Naval battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Records_of_the_Union_and_Confederate_Armies" title="Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies">Official Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Ranger_Act" title="Partisan Ranger Act">Partisan rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_prison_camps" title="American Civil War prison camps">POW camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foods_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Foods of the American Civil War">Rations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Signal Corps in the American Civil War">Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_point_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Turning point of the American Civil War">Turning point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Corps_Badges" title="American Civil War Corps Badges">Union corps badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Army_Balloon_Corps" title="Union Army Balloon Corps">U.S. Balloon Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(Union)" title="Home Guard (Union)">U.S. Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Railroad" title="United States Military Railroad">U.S. Military Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_the_Conduct_of_the_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War">Committee on the Conduct of the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States presidential election">Confederate States presidential election of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1861" title="Confiscation Act of 1861">Confiscation Act of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1862" title="Confiscation Act of 1862">Confiscation Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(politics)" title="Copperhead (politics)">Copperheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Diplomacy of the American Civil War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_(1863)" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act (1863)">Habeas Corpus Act of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Conference" title="Hampton Roads Conference">Hampton Roads Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of politicians killed in the American Civil War">Politicians killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Affair" title="Trent Affair">Trent Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_League" title="Union League">Union Leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">U.S. Presidential Election of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Democrat" title="War Democrat">War Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Music of the American Civil War">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic" title="Battle Hymn of the Republic">Battle Hymn of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_(song)" title="Dixie (song)">Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body" title="John Brown's Body">John Brown's Body</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lincoln_Portrait" class="mw-redirect" title="A Lincoln Portrait">A Lincoln Portrait</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_Through_Georgia" title="Marching Through Georgia">Marching Through Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland,_My_Maryland" title="Maryland, My Maryland">Maryland, My Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_Johnny_Comes_Marching_Home" title="When Johnny Comes Marching Home">When Johnny Comes Marching Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daar_kom_die_Alibama" title="Daar kom die Alibama">Daar kom die Alibama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="German Americans in the American Civil War">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Irish Americans in the American Civil War">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans_in_the_Civil_War" title="Italian Americans in the Civil War">Italian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Native Americans in the American Civil War">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catawba_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Catawba in the American Civil War">Catawba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cherokee in the American Civil War">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Choctaw in the American Civil War">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Seminole in the American Civil War">Seminole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1861" title="Baltimore riot of 1861">Baltimore riot of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_battlefield_preservation" title="American Civil War battlefield preservation">Battlefield preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Bibliography of the American Civil War">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_war_finance" title="Confederate war finance">Confederate war finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate States dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_spies" title="American Civil War spies">Espionage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Secret_Service" title="Confederate Secret Service">Confederate Secret Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army_revival" title="Confederate States Army revival">Great Revival of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_issues_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Gender issues in the American Civil War">Gender issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Names of the American Civil War">Naming the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_gold_hoax" title="Civil War gold hoax">New York City Gold Hoax of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographers_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Photographers of the American Civil War">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bread_riots" title="Southern bread riots">Richmond riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Salt in the American Civil War">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_cases_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Supreme Court cases of the American Civil War">Supreme Court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_token" title="Civil War token">Tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">U.S. Sanitary Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_American_Civil_War_soldiers" title="List of female American Civil War soldiers">Women soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_and_television_shows_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of films and television shows about the American Civil War">List of films and television shows about the American Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Civil_War" title="Category:American Civil War">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1856)_1860_United_States_presidential_election_(1864_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1860 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1860 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1860 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1856)_1860_United_States_presidential_election_(1864_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">← 1856</a>) <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hannibal Hamlin</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bates" title="Edward Bates">Edward Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Simon Cameron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salmon P. Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #4F990C;"><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">Democratic Party (Southern)</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions#“Breckinridge_Democrats”_convention" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a></b> (incumbent VP)</li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Joseph Lane</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Daniel S. Dickinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F59100;"><b><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1860_Constitutional_Union_Convention" title="1860 Constitutional Union Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">William A. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cabell_Rives" title="William Cabell Rives">William C. Rives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party (Northern)</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">Conventions</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Vespasian_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Herschel Vespasian Johnson">Herschel V. Johnson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Daniel S. Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">James Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Robert M. T. Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1860 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1860_and_1861_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1860 and 1861 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_and_1861_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1860 and 1861 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1864)_1868_United_States_presidential_election_(1872_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1868 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1868 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1868 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1864)_1868_United_States_presidential_election_(1872_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">← 1864</a>) <a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1868_Republican_National_Convention" title="1868 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Schuyler Colfax</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>For Vice President:</b> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Creswell" title="John Creswell">John Creswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Andrew Gregg Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fenton" title="Reuben Fenton">Reuben Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hannibal Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">James Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Kelley" title="William D. Kelley">William D. Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Pomeroy" title="Samuel C. Pomeroy">Samuel C. Pomeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Speed" title="James Speed">James Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Francis P. Blair Jr.</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">George H. Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield S. Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (incumbent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_E._Church" title="Sanford E. Church">Sanford E. Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Packer" title="Asa Packer">Asa Packer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._English" title="James E. English">James E. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Parker_(politician)" title="Joel Parker (politician)">Joel Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Doolittle" title="James R. Doolittle">James R. Doolittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Johnson_Field" title="Stephen Johnson Field">Stephen J. Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Francis P. Blair Jr.</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salmon P. Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Hoffman" title="John T. Hoffman">John T. Hoffman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1868 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1868%E2%80%9369_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868%E2%80%9369_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1868–69 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1868)_1872_United_States_presidential_election_(1876_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1872 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1872 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1872 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1868)_1872_United_States_presidential_election_(1876_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">← 1868</a>) <a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1872_Republican_National_Convention" title="1872 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></b> (incumbent)</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF69B4;"><b><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican Party</a></b><br /><small><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">B. Gratz Brown</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Liberal Republican:</b> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles F. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Trumbull" title="Lyman Trumbull">Lyman Trumbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">B. Gratz Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">David Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Andrew Curtin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salmon P. Chase</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Democratic:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_S._Black" title="Jeremiah S. Black">Jeremiah S. Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_Jr." title="James A. Bayard Jr.">James A. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Groesbeck" title="William S. Groesbeck">William S. Groesbeck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Labor_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Reform Party">Labor Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">David Davis</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Parker_(politician)" title="Joel Parker (politician)">Joel Parker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Charles_O%27Conor_(American_politician)" title="Charles O'Conor (American politician)">Charles O'Conor</a> <small><i>(declined nomination)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/National_Equal_Rights_Party" title="National Equal Rights Party">People's (Equal Rights) Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1872_Prohibition_National_Convention" title="1872 Prohibition National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Black_(prohibitionist)" title="James Black (prohibitionist)">James Black</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(prohibitionist)" title="John Russell (prohibitionist)">John Russell</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1872 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1872_and_1873_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1872 and 1873 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_and_1873_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Template:Impeachment and impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Impeachment and impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Impeachment and impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Impeachment_and_impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">impeachment trial</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Andrew_Johnson" title="Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson">Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Timeline</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inquiries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">First inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">Second inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg/120px-Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg/180px-Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg/240px-Thaddeus-stevens2_%281%29_%28a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="629" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg/120px-The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg/180px-The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg/240px-The_Senate_as_a_Court_of_Impeachment_for_the_Trial_of_Andrew_Johnson_%28a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="382" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_impeachment_adopted_against_Andrew_Johnson" title="Articles of impeachment adopted against Andrew Johnson">Articles of impeachment</a></li> <li>Dismissal of <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenure_of_Office_Act_(1867)" title="Tenure of Office Act (1867)">Tenure of Office Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Thomas" title="Lorenzo Thomas">Lorenzo Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_of_Army_Act" title="Command of Army Act">Command of Army Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_Around_the_Circle" title="Swing Around the Circle">Swing Around the Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Covode" title="John Covode">John Covode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Ward_Sr." title="Hamilton Ward Sr.">Hamilton Ward Sr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment trial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Presiding officer: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salmon P. Chase</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>House managers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bingham" title="John Bingham">John Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">George S. Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Benjamin Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Thomas Williams (Pennsylvania politician)">Thomas Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Wilson" title="James F. Wilson">James F. Wilson</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>President's counsel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">William M. Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Benjamin R. Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Groesbeck" title="William S. Groesbeck">William S. Groesbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Amos_Rogers_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Amos Rogers Nelson">Thomas A. R. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stanbery" title="Henry Stanbery">Henry Stanbery</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>Witnesses for the prosecution <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Blodgett" title="Foster Blodgett">Foster Blodgett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_A._Burleigh" title="Walter A. Burleigh">Walter A. Burleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Chandler" title="William E. Chandler">William E. Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Clephane" title="James O. Clephane">James O. Clephane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Emory" title="William H. Emory">William H. Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Thomas W. Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Van_Horn" title="Burt Van Horn">Burt Van Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Moorhead" title="James K. Moorhead">James K. Moorhead</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li>Witnesses for the defense <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Armstrong_(journalist)" title="William W. Armstrong (journalist)">William W. Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Smith_Cox" title="Walter Smith Cox">Walter Smith Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Merrick" title="Richard T. Merrick">Richard T. Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Randall_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Alexander Randall (Wisconsin politician)">Alexander Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Seward" title="Frederick W. Seward">Frederick W. Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Thomas" title="Lorenzo Thomas">Lorenzo Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Gideon Welles</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_impeachment_managers_investigation" title="1868 impeachment managers investigation">Impeachment managers investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnie_Ream" title="Vinnie Ream">Vinnie Ream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage">Profiles in Courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Johnson" title="Tennessee Johnson">Tennessee Johnson</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q433051#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q433051#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q433051#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012101133X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47569925">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/12310/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwMxHFkTfpYjc4MGWKDbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119366088">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50036227">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13777942b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13777942b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p141760265">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007272096805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14645057">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000332">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119366088.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119366088">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/08711979X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582408">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sb4468">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&oldid=1259296549">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salmon_P._Chase&oldid=1259296549</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1808_births" title="Category:1808 births">1808 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_deaths" title="Category:1873 deaths">1873 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_Episcopalians" 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