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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>The Political Graveyard: Politicians in Trouble or Disgrace: Hatred</title> <meta name="description" content="A database of political history and cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919 U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present."> <meta name="keywords" content="political biography history genealogy cemeteries politics candidates congress senators legislators governors politicians biographies ancestors mayors birthplace geography elections"> <meta name="author" content="Lawrence Kestenbaum"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-7383562-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'https://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFDD" text="#000000" link="#cc0000" alink="#ff0000" vlink="#760000"> <style type="text/css"> p {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} td {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} A:link {text-decoration: none} A:visited {text-decoration: none} A:active {text-decoration: none} A:hover {text-decoration: underline} </style> PoliticalGraveyard.com <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html" border=0> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgmain6.gif" width=450 height=216 border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard: A Database of American History"></a> Politicians in Trouble or Disgrace <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> Politicians in Trouble or Disgrace: Hatred Trouble caused by racial, ethnic, or religious bigotry <table width=100%><tr><td valign="top"> See the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">trouble and disgrace main page</a>, as well as the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/inqa.html">FAQ</a> and the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/privacy.html">Political Graveyard privacy policy</a>, for important explanations and disclaimers. in chronological order <table align="left" cellpadding=5> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Joseph Barker (c.1806-1862) — of Pittsburgh, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/PA/AL-lived.html">Allegheny County</a>, Pa. Born in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/PA/AL-born.html">Allegheny County</a>, Pa., about 1806. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/PA/ofc/pittsburgh.html">Mayor of Pittsburgh, Pa.</a>, 1850-51; defeated, 1851, 1852. In 1849, after an anti-Catholic speech, he was <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">charged</a> with using <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/obscenity.html">obscene language</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/traffic.html">obstructing the streets</a>, and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sedition.html">causing a riot</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">convicted</a>, and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">sentenced</a> to a year in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">prison</a>; elected mayor in 1850 while still incarcerated. While mayor, he was twice <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> on <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">charges</a> of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/assault.html">assault and battery</a>. In 1851, he was <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">convicted</a> of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sedition.html">riot</a>. Struck and killed by a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/railroad.html">railroad train</a>, in Ross Township, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/PA/AL-died.html">Allegheny County</a>, Pa., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1862/08-02.html">August 2, 1862</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/56.html">about 56 years</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/PA/AL-buried.html#cms00535">Allegheny Cemetery</a>, Pittsburgh, Pa. </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821-1877) — also known as "Wizard of the Saddle" — of Memphis, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/TN/SH-lived.html">Shelby County</a>, Tenn. Born near Chapel Hill, Bedford County (now <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/TN/MS-born.html">Marshall County</a>), Tenn., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1821/07-13.html">July 13, 1821</a>. Democrat. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/cotton.html">Cotton</a> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/farmer.html">planter</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/slavetrade.html">slave trader</a>; general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; in April 1864, after the Battle of Fort Pillow, Tennessee, Confederate troops under his command <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/murder-mayhem.html">massacred</a> African-American Union soldiers, not accepting them as prisoners, since the Confederacy refused to recognize ex-slaves as legitimate combatants; this event, seen as a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/military.html">war crime</a>, sparked <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">outrage</a> across the North, and a congressional <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">inquiry</a>; in 1867, he became involved in the Ku Klux Klan and was elected Grand Wizard; the organization used violent tactics to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/extortion.html">intimidate Black voters</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/vote-fraud.html">suppress their votes</a>; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Tennessee, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1868/TN.html">1868</a>; in 1869, he had a change of heart, and issued a letter ordering that the Klan be dissolved and its costumes destroyed; he went on to denounce the group and its crimes; in 1875, he gave a "friendly speech" to a meeting of an African-American organization in Memphis, calling for peace, harmony, and economic advancement of former slaves; for this speech, he was vehemently denounced in the Southern press. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/english.html">English</a> ancestry. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kkk.html">Ku Klux Klan</a>. After his death, he became a folk hero among white Southerners, particularly during the imposition of Jim Crow segregation laws in the early 20th century, and later, in reaction to the Civil Rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. Slaveowner. Died, from complications of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, in Memphis, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/TN/SH-died.html">Shelby County</a>, Tenn., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1877/10-29.html">October 29, 1877</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/56.html">56 years, 108 days</a>). Original interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/TN/SH-buried.html#cms00365">Elmwood Cemetery</a>, Memphis, Tenn.; reinterment in 1904 at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/TN/SH-buried.html# ">Health Sciences Park</a>, Memphis, Tenn.; memorial monument at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/FL-buried.html#cms00890">Myrtle Hill Cemetery</a>, Rome, Ga.; memorial monument at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/DS-buried.html#cms00181">Live Oak Cemetery</a>, Selma, Ala. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of William B. Forrest and Miriam (Beck) Forrest; married <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1845/">1845</a> to Mary Ann Montgomery.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/FO.html">Forrest County, Miss.</a> is named for him.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">The <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-cities.html">city</a> of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AR/SF-names.html">Forrest City, Arkansas</a>, is <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake.html">named for him</a>.  — The World War II <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-ships.html">Liberty ship</a> SS Nathan B. Forrest (built 1943 at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/BA-names.html">Panama City, Florida</a>; scrapped 1973) was <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake.html">named for him</a>.</li> </td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan Bedford Forrest">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/355">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> William Dudley Chipley (1840-1897) — also known as W. D. Chipley — of Pensacola, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/ES-lived.html">Escambia County</a>, Fla. Born in Columbus, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/MU-born.html">Muscogee County</a>, Ga., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1840/06-06.html">June 6, 1840</a>. Democrat. Colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; fought against <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/civil-war-slavery.html">Reconstruction</a> along with other members of the Ku Klux Klan; he was among those <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">implicated</a> in the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/murder-mayhem.html">murder</a> of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/asbjornson-ashlay.html#283.29.98">George W. Ashburn</a> in in 1868; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">tried</a> in a military court, but Georgia's re-admission to the Union ended military jurisdiction, so he and his co-defendants were released; general manager of the Pensacola <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/railroading.html">Railroad</a>; successfully promoted the construction of the Pensacola and Atlanta <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/railroading.html">Railroad</a> in 1881-83; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Florida, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1884/FL.html">1884</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1892/FL.html">1892</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/ofc/pensacola.html">mayor of Pensacola, Fla.</a>, 1887-88; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/ofc/stsen.html">Florida state senate</a>, 1895-97. Died in a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/misc-hospitals.html">hospital</a> at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/DC/wa-died.html">Washington</a>, D.C., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1897/12-01.html">December 1, 1897</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/57.html">57 years, 178 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/MU-buried.html#cms00351">Linwood Cemetery</a>, Columbus, Ga. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Dr. William Stout Chipley and Elizabeth (Fannin) Chipley; brother of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/childress-chipley.html#433.88.27">Stephen Fannin Chipley</a>; married to Ann Elizabeth Billups; uncle of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/childress-chipley.html#438.93.57">Fannin Chipley</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top"> Political family: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/37672.html">Chipley family</a> of Pensacola, Florida.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">The <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake-cities.html">city</a> of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/WA-names.html">Chipley, Florida</a>, is <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/namesake.html">named for him</a>.</li> </td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/33661086">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> William Blackburn Wilson Jr. (1850-1920) — of Rock Hill, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/SC/YO-lived.html">York County</a>, S.C. Born in York, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/SC/YO-born.html">York County</a>, S.C., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1850/01-12.html">January 12, 1850</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawyer.html">Lawyer</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/flight-escape.html">fled</a> to Texas in 1871-73 to avoid <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">federal prosecution</a> over his Klan activities; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/SC/ofc/sthse.html">South Carolina state house of representatives</a> from York County, 1884-88; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/SC/ofc/stsen.html">South Carolina state senate</a> from York County, 1888-92; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/SC/ofc/cncn6.html">delegate to South Carolina state constitutional convention</a> from York County, 1895. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/episcopalian.html">Episcopalian</a>. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kkk.html">Ku Klux Klan</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-pythias.html">Knights of Pythias</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/masons.html">Freemasons</a>. Died in Rock Hill, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/SC/YO-died.html">York County</a>, S.C., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1920/04-30.html">April 30, 1920</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/70.html">70 years, 109 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/SC/YO-buried.html#cms01192">Rose Hill Cemetery</a>, York, S.C. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wilson9.html#271.98.57">William Blackburn Wilson</a> and Arrah Minerva (Lowry) Wilson; brother of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wilson5.html#182.90.02">John Stanyarne Wilson</a>; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1875/12-29.html">December 29, 1875</a>, to Isabella Hinton Miller.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top"> Political families: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001-1215.html">Wilson family</a> of York, South Carolina; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001-0054.html">King-Hazard family</a> of Connecticut and New York (subsets of the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001.html">Four Thousand Related Politicians</a>).</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/39478040">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Alfred Moore Waddell (1834-1912) — also known as Alfred M. Waddell — of Wilmington, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/NH-lived.html">New Hanover County</a>, N.C. Born in Hillsborough, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/OR-born.html">Orange County</a>, N.C., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1834/09-16.html">September 16, 1834</a>. Democrat. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawyer.html">Lawyer</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/newspaper.html">newspaper editor and publisher</a>; colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from North Carolina</a> 3rd District, 1871-79; delegate to Democratic National Convention from North Carolina, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1880/NC.html">1880</a> (member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1880/committees.html">Resolutions Committee</a>), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1896/NC.html">1896</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">notorious</a> leader of the overthrow of Wilmington's elected city government by white supremacists on November 10, 1898; forced the incumbent mayor to resign at gunpoint, and took his place; the offices of the Wilmington Daily Record newspaper were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/arson.html">burned</a>, and as many as 300 Black citizens of Wilmington were <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/murder-mayhem.html">murdered</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/ofc/wilmington.html">mayor of Wilmington, N.C.</a>, 1898-1906. Died in Wilmington, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/NH-died.html">New Hanover County</a>, N.C., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1912/03-17.html">March 17, 1912</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/77.html">77 years, 183 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/NH-buried.html#cms01219">Oakdale Cemetery</a>, Wilmington, N.C. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Presumably named for: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/moore1.html#772.44.17">Alfred Moore</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Hugh Waddell and Susan (Moore) Waddell; married <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1857/">1857</a> to Julia Savage; married to Ellen Savage; married <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1896/">1896</a> to Gabrielle de Rosset; cousin by marriage of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/asbjornson-ashlay.html#661.65.95">Samuel Ashe</a>; cousin two different ways of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/asbjornson-ashlay.html#889.88.88">John Baptista Ashe (1748-1802)</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hill9.html#932.19.39">William Henry Hill</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/asbjornson-ashlay.html#461.53.47">John Baptista Ashe (1810-1857)</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/asbjornson-ashlay.html#057.70.03">William Shepperd Ashe</a>; cousin four different ways of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/asbjornson-ashlay.html#321.66.42">Thomas Samuel Ashe</a>; cousin three different ways of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/davis4.html#379.55.20">George Davis</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/davis4.html#442.62.84">Horatio Davis</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top"> Political families: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001-0044.html">Polk family</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001-0256.html">Ashe-Polk family</a> of North Carolina (subsets of the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001.html">Four Thousand Related Politicians</a>).</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000002">congressional biography</a> — <a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=411181">Govtrack.us page</a> — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred Moore Waddell">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/8065989">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nJVdCsi0HsEC&pg=PA305"><img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/thumb/079/16.91.jpg" width=70 height=103 border=0 alt="Thomas E. Watson"></a></td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Thomas Edward Watson (1856-1922) — also known as Thomas E. Watson — of Thomson, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/MF-lived.html">McDuffie County</a>, Ga. Born in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/CU-born.html">Columbia County</a>, Ga., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1856/09-05.html">September 5, 1856</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawyer.html">Lawyer</a>; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/ofc/sthse.html">Georgia state house of representatives</a>, 1882-83; candidate for Presidential Elector for Georgia; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from Georgia</a> 10th District, 1891-93; Populist candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/pres-vp.html">Vice President of the United States</a>, 1896; Populist candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/pres-vp.html">President of the United States</a>, 1904, 1908; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Georgia, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1912/GA.html">1912</a>; controversial for his writings attacking the Catholic Church; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> in 1912 on <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/obscenity.html">obscenity</a> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">charges</a> over three chapters in his book The Catholic Hierarchy; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">tried</a> and acquitted in 1916; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from Georgia</a>, 1921-22; died in office 1922. Died <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1922/09-26.html">September 26, 1922</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/66.html">66 years, 21 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/GA/MF-buried.html#cms01107">Thomson Cemetery</a>, Thomson, Ga. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of John S. Watson and Ann Eliza (Maddox) Watson.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Cross-reference: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kelley.html#754.43.16">John I. Kelley</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000205">congressional biography</a> — <a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=411376">Govtrack.us page</a> — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas E. Watson">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=4074">OurCampaigns candidate detail</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Image source: American Monthly Review of Reviews, September 1908</td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Henry Ford (1863-1947) — of Dearborn, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/WY-lived.html">Wayne County</a>, Mich. Born in Greenfield Township (now part of Detroit), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/WY-born.html">Wayne County</a>, Mich., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1863/07-30.html">July 30, 1863</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/engineer.html">Engineer</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/inventor.html">inventor</a>; founder, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/automfg.html">Ford Motor Company</a>, 1903; candidate for Republican nomination for President, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/R/1916/index.html">1916</a>; Democratic candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from Michigan</a>, 1918; candidate for Democratic nomination for President, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1924/index.html">1924</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/episcopalian.html">Episcopalian</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/scotch-irish.html">Scotch-Irish</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/low-countries.html">Belgian</a> ancestry. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/masons.html">Freemasons</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/scottish-rite-masons.html">Scottish Rite Masons</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-alpha-epsilon.html">Sigma Alpha Epsilon</a>. Publisher, in 1919-27, of the Dearborn Independent newspaper, which promoted anti-Semitic ideas through articles such as "The International Jew: The World's Problem," which were reprinted as pamphlets and books. In 1927, a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">libel lawsuit</a> against Ford over these writings led him to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">shut down</a> the paper and publicly <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">recant</a> its contents. Died, from a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/stroke.html">stroke</a>, in Dearborn, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/WY-died.html">Wayne County</a>, Mich., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1947/04-07.html">April 7, 1947</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/83.html">83 years, 251 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/WY-buried.html#cms05129">Ford Cemetery</a>, Detroit, Mich. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of William Ford and Mary (Litogot) Ford; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1888/04-11.html">April 11, 1888</a>, to Clara Jane Bryant; uncle of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ford.html#480.65.91">Clarence William Ford</a>; second cousin once removed of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ford.html#601.08.21">Clyde McKinlock Ford</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top"> Political family: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/16595.html">Ford family</a> of Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Cross-reference: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/courts-covode.html#551.96.08">James Couzens</a> — <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berl-berrien.html#694.22.90">Herman Bernstein</a> — <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murphy1.html#424.08.05">Alfred J. Murphy</a> — <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/andridge-anstine.html#146.88.31">Martin C. Ansorge</a> — <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lucero-ludlam.html#994.85.79">William A. Lucking</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Personal motto: "Efficiency."</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry Ford">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/294/000027213">NNDB dossier</a> — <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0285678">Internet Movie Database profile</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/352">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Books about Henry Ford: Douglas Brinkley, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/067003181X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=067003181X&linkCode=as2&tag=thepoliticalg-20&linkID=7777aaaa7777bbbb7777cccc7777dddd">Wheels for the World : Henry Ford, His Company, and a Century of Progress, 1903-2003</a> — William A. Levinson, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1563272601/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1563272601&linkCode=as2&tag=thepoliticalg-20&linkID=7777aaaa7777bbbb7777cccc7777dddd">Henry Ford's Lean Vision</a> — Pat McCarthy, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/076601620X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=076601620X&linkCode=as2&tag=thepoliticalg-20&linkID=7777aaaa7777bbbb7777cccc7777dddd">Henry Ford : Building Cars for Everyone</a> (for young readers) — David Weitzman, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0375811079/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0375811079&linkCode=as2&tag=thepoliticalg-20&linkID=7777aaaa7777bbbb7777cccc7777dddd">Model T : How Henry Ford Built a Legend</a> (for young readers)</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Critical books about Henry Ford: Max Wallace, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312290225/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0312290225&linkCode=as2&tag=thepoliticalg-20&linkID=7777aaaa7777bbbb7777cccc7777dddd">The American Axis : Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich</a> — Neil Baldwin, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1586481630/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1586481630&linkCode=as2&tag=thepoliticalg-20&linkID=7777aaaa7777bbbb7777cccc7777dddd">Henry Ford and the Jews : The Mass Production of Hate</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> John L. Duvall (1874-1962) — of Indianapolis, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/MA-lived.html">Marion County</a>, Ind. Born in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IL/TA-born.html">Tazewell County</a>, Ill., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1874/11-29.html">November 29, 1874</a>. Republican. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/ofc/indianapolis.html">Mayor of Indianapolis, Ind.</a>, 1926-27; resigned 1927. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">Convicted</a> in 1927 of violating the state corrupt practices act by <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/bribery.html">taking bribes</a> from Ku Klux Klan leader D. C. Stephenson; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">sentenced</a> to 30 days in jail, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">fined</a> $1,000, and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">forced to resign</a> as mayor. Died <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1962/02-25.html">February 25, 1962</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/87.html">87 years, 88 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/MA-buried.html#cms00556">Crown Hill Cemetery</a>, Indianapolis, Ind. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/936/000163447">NNDB dossier</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Charles E. Bowles (1884-1957) — of Detroit, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/WY-lived.html">Wayne County</a>, Mich. Born in Yale, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/SC-born.html">St. Clair County</a>, Mich., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1884/03-24.html">March 24, 1884</a>. Republican. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawyer.html">Lawyer</a>; recorder's court judge in Michigan, 1926-29; resigned 1929; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/detroit.html">mayor of Detroit, Mich.</a>, 1930; defeated, 1924, 1924, 1925, 1930; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from Michigan</a> 15th District, 1932, 1934; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/cirjd.html">circuit judge in Michigan</a> 3rd Circuit, 1941; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/sthse.html">Michigan state house of representatives</a> from Wayne County 1st District, 1950, 1952. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/optimist-club.html">Optimist Club</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">Recalled from office</a> as Mayor in 1930 over charges that he had sold out to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/organized-crime.html">gangsters</a> and the Ku Klux Klan. Died in Detroit, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/WY-died.html">Wayne County</a>, Mich., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1957/07-30.html">July 30, 1957</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/73.html">73 years, 128 days</a>). Entombed in mausoleum at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/WY-buried.html#cms05156">Evergreen Cemetery</a>, Detroit, Mich. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Alfred Bowles and Mary (Lutz) Bowles; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1915/06-01.html">June 1, 1915</a>, to Ruth Davis.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/7007479">Find-A-Grave memorial</a> — <a href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=108661">OurCampaigns candidate detail</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> William Dudley Pelley (1890-1965) — of Asheville, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/BU-lived.html">Buncombe County</a>, N.C.; Noblesville, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/HA-lived.html">Hamilton County</a>, Ind. Born in Lynn, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MA/ES-born.html">Essex County</a>, Mass., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1890/03-12.html">March 12, 1890</a>. Hollywood <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/writing.html">screenwriter</a> in 1917-29 for about 12 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/entertainment.html">films</a>, including The Light in the Dark and The Shock, both starring Lon Chaney; founder (1933) and leader of the anti-Semitic Silver Legion of America organization (the "Silver Shirts", explicitly modeled after Adolf Hitler's Brownshirts); Christian candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/pres-vp.html">President of the United States</a>, 1936; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> in April 1942 and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">charged</a> with <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sedition.html">criminal sedition</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">convicted</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">sentenced</a> to fifteen years in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">prison</a>; released in 1950. Died in Noblesville, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/HA-died.html">Hamilton County</a>, Ind., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1965/07-01.html">July 1, 1965</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/75.html">75 years, 111 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/HA-buried.html#cms03440">Crownland Cemetery</a>, Noblesville, Ind. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Grace (Goodale) Pelley and William George Apsey Pelley; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1911/12-16.html">December 16, 1911</a>, to Marion Harriet Stone; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1934/07-24.html">July 24, 1934</a>, to Minna Helen Hansmann; married to Agnes Marion Henderson.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Cross-reference: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smith4.html#854.68.23">Gerald L. K. Smith</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William Dudley Pelley">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0671163">Internet Movie Database profile</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/7966465">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Books by William Dudley Pelley: <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00005XL1U/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B00005XL1U&linkCode=as2&tag=thepoliticalg-20&linkID=7777aaaa7777bbbb7777cccc7777dddd">Know your karma; design for destiny</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"><img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/thumb/755/98.23.jpg" width=70 height=99 border=0 alt="Abdul Hamid"></td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Sufi Abdul Hamid (1903-1938) — also known as Abdul Hamid; Eugene Brown; "The Black Hitler"; "The Harlem Hitler"; "Bishop Amiru-Al-Mu-Minim Sufi Abdul Hamid" — of Manhattan, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/NY-lived.html">New York County</a>, N.Y. Born in Lowell, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MA/MI-born.html">Middlesex County</a>, Mass., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1903/01-06.html">January 6, 1903</a>. Self-styled <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/clergy.html">cleric</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/labor.html">labor leader</a>; claimed to be from Egypt or Sudan; wore a turban and a green velvet cloak with gold braid; led picketing of stores in Harlem whose proprietors refused to hire African-American employees; conducted <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/protest.html">street rallies</a> in Harlem where he denounced Jews; said he was "the only one fit to carry on the war against the Jews"; Americo-Spanish candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/ofc/asmbly.html">New York state assembly</a> from New York County 17th District, 1933; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> in October 1934; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">tried and found guilty</a> on misdemeanor charges of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/protest.html">making a public speech</a> without a permit, and selling books without a license, and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">sentenced</a> to ten days in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">jail</a>; later <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">suspected</a> of inciting the 1935 riot in Harlem, which led to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">injunctions</a> against his activities; in January 1938, his estranged wife, Stephanie St. Clair, ambushed him outside his house, and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/special/attempts.html">shot</a> at him five times, but he was not seriously hurt; founded the Buddhist Universal Holy Temple of Tranquility. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/buddhist.html">Buddhist</a> or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/muslim.html">Muslim</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/african.html">African</a> ancestry. Killed, along with his pilot, when his Cessna J-5 airplane ran out of fuel and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/aircraft.html">crashed</a> near Wantagh, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/NA-died.html">Nassau County</a>, Long Island, N.Y., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1938/07-30.html">July 30, 1938</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/35.html">35 years, 205 days</a>). Burial location unknown. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi Abdul Hamid">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=202761">OurCampaigns candidate detail</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Image source: New York Times, August 1, 1938</td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Joseph Ellsberry McWilliams (1904-1996) — also known as Joe McWilliams — of Manhattan, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/NY-lived.html">New York County</a>, N.Y. Born in Hitchcock, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/OK/BL-born.html">Blaine County</a>, Okla., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1904/index.html">1904</a>. Gave <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/protest.html">street-corner speeches</a> in New York City, in which he denounced Jews and praised Adolf Hitler; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> in 1940 when one of his speeches caused a riot; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">charged</a> with <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sedition.html">sedition</a> in 1944, as part of an alleged Nazi conspiracy; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">tried</a> along with many others, but after seven months, a mistrial was declared; candidate in Republican primary for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from New York</a> 18th District, 1940. Died in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1996/index.html">1996</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/92.html">about 92 years</a>). Burial location unknown. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe McWilliams">Wikipedia article</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Edward Elwell Spafford (1878-1941) — also known as Edward E. Spafford — of Manhattan, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/NY-lived.html">New York County</a>, N.Y.; Brewster, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/PU-lived.html">Putnam County</a>, N.Y. Born in Springfield, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/VT/WI-born.html">Windsor County</a>, Vt., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1878/03-12.html">March 12, 1878</a>. Republican. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War I; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawyer.html">lawyer</a>; National Commander, American Legion, 1927-28; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from New York</a> 14th District, 1930. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-legion.html">American Legion</a>. In 1941, during divorce proceedings, he was <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">accused</a> of conspiring with <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sedition.html">German agents</a> in America; in an interview published in 1943 by journalist John Roy Carlson, he espoused strongly antisemitic and pro-Hitler views. Died, in the Naval Academy <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/misc-hospitals.html">Hospital</a>, Annapolis, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MD/AA-died.html">Anne Arundel County</a>, Md., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1941/11-13.html">November 13, 1941</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/63.html">63 years, 246 days</a>). Burial location unknown. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Hiram Duncan Spafford and Georgia F. Spafford; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1912/05-22.html">May 22, 1912</a>, to Lucille M. Stevens; married <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1922/">1922</a> to Lillian Mercer Pierce.</td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Lorence Elmer Asman (b. 1924) — also known as Lorence E. Asman; Larry Asman — of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/KE-lived.html">Kent County</a>, Mich. Born in St. Louis, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/GR-born.html">Gratiot County</a>, Mich., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1924/01-29.html">January 29, 1924</a>. Republican. In 1941, he became a follower and associate of anti-Semitic leader <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smith4.html#854.68.23">Gerald L. K. Smith</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> by the Secret Service in 1943 for writing a "scurrilous" (presumably <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sedition.html">threatening</a>) letter to President <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/roosevelt.html#876.28.99">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>; served in the U.S. Army during World War II; author of a inflammatory leaflet in 1946 titled 20,000 Little Brown Bastards which was widely distributed to stir up racial hatred against African-Americans; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/stsen.html">Michigan state senate</a> 16th District, 1960. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Gerald Burton Winrod (1900-1957) — also known as Gerald B. Winrod — Born in Wichita, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/SE-born.html">Sedgwick County</a>, Kan., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1900/03-07.html">March 7, 1900</a>. Republican. One of the founders, in 1925, of the group Defenders of the Christian Faith; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from Kansas</a>, 1938; sympathized with the Adolf Hitler and the Nazis, and and blamed the Depression and World War II on Jews, Catholics, and Communists; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">indicted</a> in July 1942, with others, for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sedition.html">sedition</a> over an alleged conspiracy to cause insubordination in the Armed Forces in wartime; a mistrial was declared and charges were dropped. Died in Wichita, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/SE-died.html">Sedgwick County</a>, Kan., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1957/11-11.html">November 11, 1957</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/57.html">57 years, 249 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/SE-buried.html#cms07178">White Chapel Memorial Gardens</a>, Wichita, Kan. </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Gerald Lyman Kenneth Smith (1898-1976) — also known as Gerald L. K. Smith — of Shreveport, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/LA/CA-lived.html">Caddo Parish</a>, La.; Detroit, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/WY-lived.html">Wayne County</a>, Mich.; Eureka Springs, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AR/CL-lived.html">Carroll County</a>, Ark. Born in Pardeeville, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/WI/CO-born.html">Columbia County</a>, Wis., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1898/02-27.html">February 27, 1898</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/clergy.html">Pastor</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/entertainment.html">orator</a>; political administrator and organizer for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/long.html#873.80.17">Huey P. Long</a>, 1934-35; as a white supremacist, he joined and organized for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pelfrey-pendery.html#638.79.07">William Dudley Pelley</a>'s Silver Shirts of America, an organization modeled directly on Adolf Hitler's Brownshirts; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from Michigan</a>, 1942 (Republican primary), 1942; founder of the America First party; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">charged</a> with <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sedition.html">sedition</a> in 1944, as part of an alleged Nazi conspiracy; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">tried</a> along with many others, but after seven months, a mistrial was declared; America First candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/pres-vp.html">President of the United States</a>, 1944; founder of the Christian Nationalist Crusade; advocated deportation from the U.S. of Jews and African-Americans. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/disciples-of-christ.html">Disciples of Christ</a>. Died, of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>, in Glendale, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/CA/LA-died.html">Los Angeles County</a>, Calif., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1976/04-15.html">April 15, 1976</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/78.html">78 years, 48 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AR/CL-buried.html#cms08510">Christ of the Ozarks Cemetery</a>, Eureka Springs, Ark. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Lyman Z. Smith and Sarah Smith; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1922/06-21.html">June 21, 1922</a>, to Elna (Robe) Sorenson.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Cross-reference: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/anderson2.html#022.19.85">Charles J. Anderson, Jr.</a> — <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ashlock-athelston.html#053.26.25">Lorence E. Asman</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald L. K. Smith">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/6894699">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Charles J. Anderson Jr. — of Chicago, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IL/CO-lived.html">Cook County</a>, Ill. Republican. Candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IL/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from Illinois</a> 6th District, 1944; delegate to the openly anti-Semitic America First Party convention in 1944, which nominated <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smith4.html#854.68.23">Gerald L. K. Smith</a> for president. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">Pleaded guilty</a> in Chicago, 1946 to a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">charge</a> of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/murder-mayhem.html">assault with intent to kill</a>. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Theodore Gilmore Bilbo (1877-1947) — also known as Theodore G. Bilbo — of Poplarville, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/PR-lived.html">Pearl River County</a>, Miss. Born near Poplarville, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/PR-born.html">Pearl River County</a>, Miss., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1877/10-13.html">October 13, 1877</a>. Democrat. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/teacher.html">School teacher</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawyer.html">lawyer</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/farmer.html">farmer</a>; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/ofc/stsen.html">Mississippi state senate</a>, 1908-12; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/ofc/ltgov.html">Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi</a>, 1912-16; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Mississippi, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1912/MS.html">1912</a> (alternate), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1916/MS.html">1916</a> (member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1916/committees.html">Committee on Permanent Organization</a>), <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1928/MS.html">1928</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1936/MS.html">1936</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1940/MS.html">1940</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1944/MS.html">1944</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/ofc/gov.html">Governor of Mississippi</a>, 1916-20, 1928-32; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from Mississippi</a>, 1935-47; died in office 1947. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/baptist.html">Baptist</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/scotch-irish.html">Scotch-Irish</a> ancestry. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/masons.html">Freemasons</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-templar.html">Knights Templar</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/shriners.html">Shriners</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/elks.html">Elks</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/odd-fellows.html">Odd Fellows</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kkk.html">Ku Klux Klan</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/writing.html">Author</a> of the book Take Your Choice: Separation or Mongrelization, which advocated deportation of all Black Americans to Africa. During the 1946 campaign, in a radio address, he called on "every red-blooded Anglo-Saxon man in Mississippi to resort to any means to keep hundreds of Negroes from the polls in the July 2 primary. And if you don't know what that means, you are just not up to your persuasive measures." After he won re-election, the Senate, appalled at his racist views and tactics, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">refused to seat</a> him, and started an <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">investigation</a>. Died, of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/mouth-cancer.html">mouth cancer</a>, in a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/misc-hospitals.html">hospital</a> at New Orleans, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/LA/OR-died.html">Orleans Parish</a>, La., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1947/08-21.html">August 21, 1947</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/69.html">69 years, 312 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/PR-buried.html#cms00506">Juniper Grove Cemetery</a>, Near Poplarville, Pearl River County, Miss. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of James Oliver Bilbo and Beedy (Wallace) Bilbo; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1898/05-25.html">May 25, 1898</a>, to Lillian S. Herrington; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1903/01-27.html">January 27, 1903</a>, to Linda R. Gaddy.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000460">congressional biography</a> — <a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=401445">Govtrack.us page</a> — <a href="https://www.nga.org/governor/theodore-gilmore-bilbo/">National Governors Association biography</a> — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore G. Bilbo">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/240/000130847">NNDB dossier</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> George Lincoln Rockwell (1918-1967) — of Arlington, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/VA/AR-lived.html">Arlington County</a>, Va. Born in Bloomington, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IL/ML-born.html">McLean County</a>, Ill., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1918/03-09.html">March 9, 1918</a>. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War II; served in the U.S. Navy during the Korean conflict; founder, in 1959, of the National Committee to Free America from Jewish Domination (later known as the American Nazi Party); <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> at various <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/protest.html">demonstrations</a> during the 1960s; American Nazi candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/VA/ofc/gov.html">Governor of Virginia</a>, 1965. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/gunshot.html">Shot</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/murder.html">killed</a> by a sniper, later identified as John Patler, while <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/in-cars.html">driving his car</a> in the parking lot of Dominion Hills <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/shops.html">Shopping Center</a>, Arlington, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/VA/AR-died.html">Arlington County</a>, Va., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1967/08-25.html">August 25, 1967</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/49.html">49 years, 169 days</a>); Patler was convicted of the murder and sentenced to 20 years in prison. Rockwell's funeral procession was not allowed into Culpeper National Cemetery because of Nazi emblems worn by his supporters. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/plcrem.html">Cremated</a>. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of George Lovejoy 'Doc' Rockwell and Claire (Schade) Rockwell; third cousin twice removed of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/humphries-hunsinger.html#283.53.66">Oliver Morgan Hungerford</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top"> Political families: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001-0001.html">Kellogg-Adams-Seymour-Chapin family</a> of Connecticut and New York; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001-0037.html">Morris-Ingersoll family</a> of New York and Connecticut; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001-0168.html">Conger-Hungerford family</a> of Connecticut and New York; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001-0003.html">Livingston-Schuyler family</a> of New York (subsets of the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/10001.html">Four Thousand Related Politicians</a>).</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George Lincoln Rockwell">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/043/000113701">NNDB dossier</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/6842153">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Theophilus Eugene Connor (1897-1973) — also known as Bull Connor — of Birmingham, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/JF-lived.html">Jefferson County</a>, Ala. Born in Selma, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/DS-born.html">Dallas County</a>, Ala., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1897/07-11.html">July 11, 1897</a>. Democrat. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/pro-sports.html">Sports</a> reporter on Birmingham <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/radiotv.html">radio</a>; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/ofc/sthse.html">Alabama state house of representatives</a>, 1935-37; Birmingham Commissioner of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawenforcement.html">Public Safety</a>, 1936-52, 1956-63; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/ofc/gov.html">Governor of Alabama</a>, 1940, 1954; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Alabama, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1948/AL.html">1948</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1956/AL.html">1956</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1960/AL.html">1960</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1964/AL.html">1964</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/1968/AL.html">1968</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> on December 26, 1951, on being found having a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sex-crimes-scandals.html">tryst</a> in a hotel room with his secretary, Christina Brown; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">convicted</a> of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/sex-crimes-scandals.html">adultery</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">fined</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">sentenced</a> to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">jail</a>, but the conviction was overturned in 1952; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/D/AL.html">Democratic National Committee from Alabama</a>, 1960-63; an ardent white supremacist; his use of police dogs and fire hoses against civil rights demonstrators in 1962-63 provoked national <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">outrage</a>; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/ofc/birmingham.html">mayor of Birmingham, Ala.</a>, 1963. Died in Birmingham, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/JF-died.html">Jefferson County</a>, Ala., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1973/03-10.html">March 10, 1973</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/75.html">75 years, 242 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/JF-buried.html#cms00087">Elmwood Cemetery</a>, Birmingham, Ala. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Hugh King Connor Connor and Molly (Godwin) Connor; married <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1920/">1920</a> to Beara Levens.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull Connor">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/973/000163484">NNDB dossier</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/8525289">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"><a href="https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/virtuallibrary/releases/jun12/Butz,_Earl_MUG-B-006.jpg"><img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/thumb/768/18.15.jpg" width=70 height=100 border=0 alt="Earl L. Butz"></a></td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Earl Lauer Butz (1909-2008) — also known as Earl L. Butz — of West Lafayette, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/TI-lived.html">Tippecanoe County</a>, Ind. Born in Albion, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/NO-born.html">Noble County</a>, Ind., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1909/07-03.html">July 3, 1909</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/economist.html">Economist</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/faculty.html">university professor</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/cabinet.html">U.S. Secretary of Agriculture</a>, 1971-76. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-gamma-rho.html">Alpha Gamma Rho</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-xi.html">Sigma Xi</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/sigma-delta-chi.html">Sigma Delta Chi</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/tau-kappa-alpha.html">Tau Kappa Alpha</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-zeta.html">Alpha Zeta</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kiwanis.html">Kiwanis</a>. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">Resigned</a> in 1976 following a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">furor</a> over a racist joke. In 1981, he <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">pleaded guilty</a> to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/tax-evasion.html">income tax evasion</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">sentenced</a> to five years in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">prison</a> (served 30 days) and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">fined</a> $10,000. Died in Kensington, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MD/MO-died.html">Montgomery County</a>, Md., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/2008/02-02.html">February 2, 2008</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/98.html">98 years, 214 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/TI-buried.html#cms08005">Tippecanoe Memory Gardens</a>, West Lafayette, Ind. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Herman Lee Butz and Ada Tillie (Lower) Butz; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1937/12-22.html">December 22, 1937</a>, to Mary Emma Powell; uncle of Dave Butz.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl Butz">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/635/000022569">NNDB dossier</a> — <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2780890">Internet Movie Database profile</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/24339026">Find-A-Grave memorial</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Image source: Nixon Presidential Library and Museum</td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> John George Schmitz (1930-2001) — also known as John G. Schmitz — of California. Born in Milwaukee, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/WI/MI-born.html">Milwaukee County</a>, Wis., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1930/08-12.html">August 12, 1930</a>. Member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/CA/ofc/stsen.html">California state senate</a>, 1965-70, 1979; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/CA/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from California</a> 35th District, 1970-73; defeated in Republican primary, 1972, 1976, 1984; American Independent candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/offices/pres-vp.html">President of the United States</a>, 1972; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">reprimanded</a> by the California Senate in 1982 over a press release issued by his office, which characterized a critic and her supporters with crude slurs; candidate in Republican primary for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/CA/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from California</a>, 1982. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/catholic.html">Catholic</a>. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/young-ams-freedom.html">Young Americans for Freedom</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/john-birch-soc.html">John Birch Society</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/nra.html">National Rifle Association</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/am-legion.html">American Legion</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/mil-ord-world-wars.html">Military Order of the World Wars</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/knights-columbus.html">Knights of Columbus</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/ord-alhambra.html">Order of Alhambra</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/toastmasters.html">Toastmasters</a>. Died, of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/prostate-cancer.html">prostate cancer</a>, in the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/walter-reed.html">National Naval Medical Center</a>, Bethesda, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MD/MO-died.html">Montgomery County</a>, Md., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/2001/01-10.html">January 10, 2001</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/70.html">70 years, 151 days</a>). Interment at <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/VA/AR-buried.html#cms00004">Arlington National Cemetery</a>, Arlington, Va. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Father of Mary Kay LeTourneau.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Campaign slogan: "When you're out of Schmitz, you're out of gear."</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000133">congressional biography</a> — <a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=409641">Govtrack.us page</a> — <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/041/000087777">NNDB dossier</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Frederick Waldron Phelps (1929-2014) — also known as Fred Phelps — of Topeka, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/SH-lived.html">Shawnee County</a>, Kan. Born in Meridian, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MS/LA-born.html">Lauderdale County</a>, Miss., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1929/11-13.html">November 13, 1929</a>. Democrat. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/lawyer.html">Lawyer</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">disbarred</a> by the state of Kansas in 1979 over <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/other-crimes.html">harassment</a> of a court reporter and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/perjury.html">perjury</a> during the proceedings; in 1985, nine Federal judges filed a disciplinary complaint against him over alleged <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/libel-slander.html">false accusations</a>, which led to an agreement that he <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">cease law practice</a> in Federal court; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/clergy.html">pastor</a> of the Westboro Baptist Church, which is <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">widely reviled</a> for its extreme hatred of homosexuals, and its tactics, such as picketing at military funerals; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/ofc/gov.html">Governor of Kansas</a>, 1990, 1994, 1998; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from Kansas</a>, 1992; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/ofc/topeka.html">mayor of Topeka, Kan.</a>, 1993, 1997. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/baptist.html">Baptist</a>. Died in Topeka, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/KS/SH-died.html">Shawnee County</a>, Kan., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/2014/03-19.html">March 19, 2014</a> (age <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/death/age/84.html">84 years, 126 days</a>). <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/plcrem.html">Cremated</a>. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Step-son of Olive (Briggs) Phelps; son of Frederick Wade Phelps and Catherine Idalette (Johnson) Phelps; married, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1952/05-15.html">May 15, 1952</a>, to Margie Marie Simms.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred Phelps">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/908/000025833">NNDB dossier</a> — <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1662196">Internet Movie Database profile</a> — <a href="https://findagrave.com/memorial/126616591">Find-A-Grave memorial</a> — <a href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=22659">OurCampaigns candidate detail</a> — <a href="https://americanloons.blogspot.com/2012/04/320-fred-phelps.html">Encyclopedia of American Loons</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Tom Metzger — of California; Warsaw, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IN/KO-lived.html">Kosciusko County</a>, Ind. Democratic candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/CA/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from California</a> 43rd District, 1980; candidate in Democratic primary for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/CA/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from California</a>, 1982; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">convicted</a> in 1991 of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/arson.html">burning a cross</a> (as a form of hate speech or intimidation) and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">sentenced</a> to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">prison</a>; in 1992, he was <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">arrested</a> in Canada for violating <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/smuggling.html">immigration laws</a>. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/john-birch-soc.html">John Birch Society</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kkk.html">Ku Klux Klan</a>. Still living as of 2012. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom Metzger">Wikipedia article</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Sally Kern (b. 1946) — of Oklahoma City, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/OK/OK-lived.html">Oklahoma County</a>, Okla. Born in Jonesboro, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AR/CG-born.html">Craighead County</a>, Ark., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1946/11-27.html">November 27, 1946</a>. Republican. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/teacher.html">School teacher</a>; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/OK/ofc/sthse.html">Oklahoma state house of representatives</a> 84th District, 2005-17; delegate to Republican National Convention from Oklahoma, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/parties/R/2008/OK.html">2008</a>; in 2008, her statements about homosexuality as worse than terrorism a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">furor</a>; in 2011, her derogatory comments about African-Americans and women led the Oklahoma House to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">reprimand</a> her by a vote of 76-17. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/female.html">Female</a>. Still living as of 2017. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Married <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1970/">1970</a> to Stephen D. Kern.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally Kern">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://americanloons.blogspot.com/2013/12/826-sally-kern.html">Encyclopedia of American Loons</a></td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Books by Sally Kern: <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1616383615/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1616383615&linkCode=as2&tag=thepoliticalg-20&linkID=7777aaaa7777bbbb7777cccc7777dddd">The Stoning of Sally Kern: The Liberal Attack on Christian Conservatism -- And Why We Must Take A Stand</a> (2011)</td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. (b. 1940) — also known as Glenn Miller; "Frazier Glenn Cross"; "Rounder" — of North Carolina; Aurora, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MO/LW-lived.html">Lawrence County</a>, Mo. Born in Springfield, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MO/GR-born.html">Greene County</a>, Mo., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1940/index.html">1940</a>. Served in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam war; candidate in Democratic primary for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/ofc/gov.html">Governor of North Carolina</a>, 1984; candidate in Republican primary for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NC/ofc/stsen.html">North Carolina state senate</a>, 1986; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">convicted</a> on federal <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/contempt.html">contempt of court</a> charges in 1986; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">sentenced</a> to one year in prison, but <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/flight-escape.html">disappeared</a> while out on bond; later <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">captured</a> in Missouri, along with four other Klansmen and a cache of weapons; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">indicted</a> in 1987 for plotting <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/theft.html">robberies</a> and an <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/murder-mayhem.html">assassination</a>; in a deal with prosecutors, he <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">pleaded guilty</a> to a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/weapons.html">weapons</a> charge and to making <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/extortion.html">threats</a> through the mail; served three years in <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">prison</a>; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MO/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from Missouri</a> 7th District, 2006; candidate for <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MO/ofc/ussen.html">U.S. Senator from Missouri</a>, 2010; on April 13, 2014, in an apparent hate crime he <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/murder-mayhem.html">shot and killed</a> three people at a Jewish community center and retirement complex in Overland Park, Kansas. Member, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/kkk.html">Ku Klux Klan</a>. Still living as of 2014. </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Ira Daniel Hansen (b. 1960) — also known as Ira Hansen — of Sparks, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NV/WA-lived.html">Washoe County</a>, Nev. Born in Reno, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NV/WA-born.html">Washoe County</a>, Nev., <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1960/10-05.html">October 5, 1960</a>. Republican. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/plumbing-heating.html">Plumbing business</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/misc-occ.html">animal trapper</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/newspaper.html">newspaper</a> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/occ/writing.html">columnist</a>; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NV/ofc/sthse.html">Nevada state house of representatives</a> 32nd District, 2011-18; in November 2014, when he was about to become Speaker of the Nevada House, a <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">furor erupted</a> over columns he wrote in the 1990s for the Sparks Tribune; among other things, he referred to Black people as simple-minded darkies, and to Martin Luther King, Jr., as "a liar, a phony, and a fraud"; an NAACP leader said of Hansen that "he has beaten the drum of intolerance for decades; amid calls for his <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">ouster</a>, he <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">withdrew</a> as Speaker-designate, but retained his House seat; member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NV/ofc/stsen.html">Nevada state senate</a> 14th District, 2019-. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/mormon.html">Mormon</a>. Still living as of 2021. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hansen.html#428.45.80">Daniel McGavin Hansen</a>; married to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hansen.html#267.77.14">Alexis M. Lloyd</a>; nephew of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hansen.html#109.40.62">Joel F. Hansen</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hansen.html#081.24.01">Janine Hansen</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hansen.html#483.28.03">Christopher H. Hansen</a>; first cousin of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trelease-trimarchi.html#346.91.95">Zachary Triggs</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hansen.html#396.96.04">Jonathan Hansen</a>, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hansen.html#550.18.94">Joshua Hansen</a> and <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hansen.html#392.62.24">Nicholas Hansen</a>; first cousin once removed of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holliman-hollon.html#674.86.25">Mark Alan Holloman</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top"> Political family: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/families/41160.html">Hansen family</a> of Nevada.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira Hansen">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=255232">OurCampaigns candidate detail</a> — <a href="https://americanloons.blogspot.com/2016/08/1699-janine-ira-hansen-et-al.html">Encyclopedia of American Loons</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td width=82 align="right" valign="top"> </td><td valign="top"><img src="rd.gif" width=13 height=13> Steven Arnold King (b. 1949) — also known as Steve King — of Kiron, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IA/CR-lived.html">Crawford County</a>, Iowa. Born in Storm Lake, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IA/BV-born.html">Buena Vista County</a>, Iowa, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1949/05-28.html">May 28, 1949</a>. Republican. Member of <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IA/ofc/stsen.html">Iowa state senate</a> 6th District, 1996-2002; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IA/ofc/usrep.html">U.S. Representative from Iowa</a>, 2003-21 (5th District 2003-13, 4th District 2013-21); defeated in primary, 2020; in January 2019, his comments during an interview were widely understood to express support for white supremacy; the House of Representatives voted almost unanimously to <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/index.html">rebuke</a> him. <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/methodist.html">Methodist</a>; later <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/catholic.html">Catholic</a>. Still living as of 2021. <table width=100% align="left"><tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">Relatives: Son of Emmett A. King and Mildred Lila (Culler) King.</td></tr> <tr><td width=20> </td> <td width=26 valign="top"><img src="hand.gif" width=26 height=17></td> <td valign="top">See also <a href="https://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000362">congressional biography</a> — <a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=400220">Govtrack.us page</a> — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve King">Wikipedia article</a> — <a href="https://www.nndb.com/people/491/000039374">NNDB dossier</a> — <a href="https://americanloons.blogspot.com/2011/05/209-steve-king.html">Encyclopedia of American Loons</a></td></tr> </table> </td></tr> </table> </td> <td width=180 align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr></table> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%> <tr><td align="center"> "Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard." Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872</td> <td><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgsub.gif" width=450 height=71 align="right" border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard"></a></td></tr></table> <table width=100% cellpadding=2> <tr><td colspan=3> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">The Political Graveyard</a> is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The listings are incomplete; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is not guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The official URL for this page is: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/hatred.html">https://politicalgraveyard.com/trouble/hatred.html</a>.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">alphabetical index of politicians</a>.</td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"> Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/copyright/cases/499_US_340.htm">Feist v. Rural Telephone</a>. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute fair use under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"> Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by Lawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — This site is hosted by <a href="https://www.hdl.com">HDL</a>. — The Political Graveyard opened on July 1, 1996; the last full revision was done on March 8, 2023. </td></tr> </table> <hr> <table align="center" cellpadding=5><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" border="0" src="https://creativecommons.org/images/public/somerights.gif" width=88 height=31></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/politicalgraveyard" target="_TOP" title="The Political Graveyard"><img src="https://badge.facebook.com/badge/40475596932.4982.1015512377.png" width="120" height="84" style="border: 0px;" /></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/polgraveyard"> <img src="https://twitter-badges.s3.amazonaws.com/follow_us-a.png" border=0 alt="Follow polgraveyard on Twitter"/></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=thepoliticalg-20&path=subst/home/home.html"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/a150X70b.gif" border=0 alt="[Amazon.com]" align="center"></a></td> </tr></table> </body> </html>