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Es ist jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear in conto d'utilisader</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Renaschientscha" title="I fiss bun sche ti s'annunziassas, ti na stos dentant betg. 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Website"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Denominaziun_e_successiun_cronologica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denominaziun_e_successiun_cronologica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Denominaziun e successiun cronologica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denominaziun_e_successiun_cronologica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Origins umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appropriaziun_da_savida_greca_ed_araba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appropriaziun_da_savida_greca_ed_araba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Appropriaziun da savida greca ed araba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appropriaziun_da_savida_greca_ed_araba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structuras_socialas_e_politicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structuras_socialas_e_politicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Structuras socialas e politicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structuras_socialas_e_politicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_mort_naira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_mort_naira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>La mort naira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_mort_naira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_renaschientscha_dal_spiert_antic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_renaschientscha_dal_spiert_antic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>La renaschientscha dal spiert antic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_renaschientscha_dal_spiert_antic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Filosofia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_figurativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_figurativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Art figurativ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_figurativ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Art figurativ umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_figurativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caracteristicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Caracteristicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caracteristicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Survista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Survista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Survista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pictura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pictura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Pictura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pictura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculptura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculptura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Sculptura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculptura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architectura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architectura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Architectura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architectura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura_e_publicistica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura_e_publicistica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratura e publicistica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura_e_publicistica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia_ed_aspects_socials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia_ed_aspects_socials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economia ed aspects socials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia_ed_aspects_socials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Annotaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colliaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colliaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Colliaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colliaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Renaschientscha</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 165 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-165" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">165 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B8%D2%AD%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аиҭарҿиара – abchasian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аиҭарҿиара" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchasian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – tudestg svizzer" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tudestg svizzer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%98%E1%88%98%E1%8A%90_%E1%88%85%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%B4" title="ዘመነ ህዳሴ – amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዘመነ ህዳሴ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaiximiento" title="Renaiximiento – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Renaiximiento" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="عصر النهضة – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصر النهضة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="لعاود-ولادة – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لعاود-ولادة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B6%D9%87" title="عصر النهضه – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عصر النهضه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacimientu" title="Renacimientu – asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Renacimientu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ntibah_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="İntibah dövrü – aserbeidschanic" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İntibah dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbeidschanic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="رونسانس – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رونسانس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Яңырыу – baschkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яңырыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – Bairisch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesansos" title="Renesansos – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Renesansos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Адраджэнне – bieloruss" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адраджэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Адраджэньне – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адраджэньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ренесанс – bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ренесанс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ရီနေသွန်းခေတ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရီနေသွန်းခေတ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81" title="রেনেসাঁ – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেনেসাঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B" title="རིག་རྩལ་བསྐྱར་དར་ – tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རིག་རྩལ་བསྐྱར་དར་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azginivelezh" title="Azginivelezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Azginivelezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa – bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Renesansa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Һэргэн мандалтын үе – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һэргэн мандалтын үе" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaixement" title="Renaixement – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Renaixement" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%99ng-ngi%C3%AA-h%C3%B3k-h%C4%ADng" title="Ùng-ngiê-hók-hĭng – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ùng-ngiê-hók-hĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дендалар – tschetschen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дендалар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tschetschen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renasans" title="Renasans – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Renasans" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ڕینێسانس – curd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕینێسانس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renessans" title="Renessans – tirc crimean" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Renessans" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tirc crimean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesance" title="Renesance – tschec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Renesance" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tschec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%97%D1%80%D3%97%D0%BB%D3%B3" title="Чӗрӗлӳ – tschuvasch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чӗрӗлӳ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tschuvasch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Dadeni_Dysg" title="Y Dadeni Dysg – kimric" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Dadeni Dysg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A6ssancen" title="Renæssancen – danais" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Renæssancen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – tudestg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αναγέννηση – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναγέννηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – englais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesanco" title="Renesanco – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Renesanco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacimiento" title="Renacimiento – spagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Renacimiento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renessanss" title="Renessanss – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Renessanss" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizkundea" title="Pizkundea – basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pizkundea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renac%C3%A9ncia" title="Renacéncia – Extremadurisch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Renacéncia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="رنسانس – persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رنسانس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renessanssi" title="Renessanssi – finlandais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Renessanssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renessanss" title="Renessanss – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Renessanss" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesansan" title="Renesansan – feroais" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Renesansan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – franzos" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franzos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – fris dal nord" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fris dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinassiment" title="Rinassiment – friulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Rinassiment" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%AAss%C3%A2nse" title="Renêssânse – fris" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Renêssânse" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Athbheochan" title="An Athbheochan – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Athbheochan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roun%C3%A9sans" title="Rounésans – Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rounésans" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linn_an_Ath-bhe%C3%B2thachaidh" title="Linn an Ath-bheòthachaidh – gaelic scot" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Linn an Ath-bheòthachaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacemento" title="Renacemento – galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Renacemento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacimiento" title="Renacimiento – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Renacimiento" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="רנסאנס – ebraic" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רנסאנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="पुनर्जागरण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुनर्जागरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa – croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Renesansa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesans" title="Renesans – creol haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Renesans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creol haitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesz%C3%A1nsz" title="Reneszánsz – ungarais" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reneszánsz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Վերածնունդ – armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերածնունդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Վերածնունդ – Westarmenisch" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վերածնունդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Westarmenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renascentia" title="Renascentia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Renascentia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaisans" title="Renaisans – indonais" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Renaisans" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renascentie" title="Renascentie – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Renascentie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renasimiento" title="Renasimiento – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Renasimiento" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesanco" title="Renesanco – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Renesanco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurreisnin" title="Endurreisnin – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Endurreisnin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinascimento" title="Rinascimento – talian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rinascimento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ルネサンス – giapunais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルネサンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapunais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesans" title="Renesans – Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Renesans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_Renaisans" title="Abad Renaisans – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad Renaisans" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რენესანსი – georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რენესანსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyan%C4%B1w_d%C3%A1wiri" title="Oyanıw dáwiri – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Oyanıw dáwiri" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taleslalit" title="Taleslalit – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taleslalit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C9%9B%C9%9B_k%C9%A9fana_yaa_al%C9%A9waat%CA%8A_k%C9%A9fat%CA%8A_(Renaissance)" title="Wɛɛ kɩfana yaa alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ (Renaissance) – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Wɛɛ kɩfana yaa alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ (Renaissance)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ренессанс – casac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ренессанс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="casac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%AF" title="ನವೋದಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನವೋದಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4%EC%83%81%EC%8A%A4" title="르네상스 – corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르네상스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%B3_(%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%85)" title="رینیٖسانٛس (نو جَنَم) – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رینیٖسانٛس (نو جَنَم)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronesans" title="Ronesans – curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ronesans" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dastinythians" title="Dastinythians – cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dastinythians" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Кайра жаралуу – kirghis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кайра жаралуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renascentia_litterarum" title="Renascentia litterarum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Renascentia litterarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – luxemburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ренессанс – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ренессанс" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renase" title="Renase – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Renase" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – limburgais" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renascimento" title="Renascimento – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Renascimento" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renascim%C3%ABnt" title="Renascimënt – Ladinisch" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Renascimënt" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renassiment" title="Renassiment – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Renassiment" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%8C" title="ເຣເນສຊ໌ – laot" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຣເນສຊ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesansas" title="Renesansas – lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Renesansas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesanse" title="Renesanse – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Renesanse" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ренесанса – macedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ренесанса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="യൂറോപ്പിലെ നവോത്ഥാനകാലം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂറോപ്പിലെ നവോത്ഥാനകാലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Сэргэн мандалтын үе – mongolic" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сэргэн мандалтын үе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3" title="युरोपीय प्रबोधनाचा काळ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युरोपीय प्रबोधनाचा काळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Pembaharuan" title="Zaman Pembaharuan – malaic" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Pembaharuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinaxximent" title="Rinaxximent – maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Rinaxximent" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renacimiento" title="Renacimiento – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Renacimiento" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%89%E1%80%AC%E1%80%8F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6" title="ဉာဏ်သစ် အရေးတော်ပုံ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဉာဏ်သစ် အရေးတော်ပုံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="رنسانس – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رنسانس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – bass tudestg" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bass tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – Niedersächsisch" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Niedersächsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="पुनर्जागरण – nepalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुनर्जागरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="पूनर्जागरण – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पूनर्जागरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – ollandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ollandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renessansen" title="Renessansen – norvegiais nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Renessansen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiais nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renessansen" title="Renessansen – norvegais bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Renessansen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegais bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%27na%C3%AEt%C3%A9" title="R'naîté – Normannisch" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="R'naîté" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normannisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissen%C3%A7a" title="Renaissença – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Renaissença" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara_Jalqabbii_Yaada_Haaraa(Renaissance)" title="Bara Jalqabbii Yaada Haaraa(Renaissance) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bara Jalqabbii Yaada Haaraa(Renaissance)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%9C-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਮੁੜ-ਸੁਰਜੀਤੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁੜ-ਸੁਰਜੀਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renasementu" title="Renasementu – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Renasementu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernai%C3%A7ance" title="Ernaiçance – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ernaiçance" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesans" title="Renesans – polac" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Renesans" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnassensa" title="Arnassensa – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Arnassensa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%83_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="نشاۃ ثانیہ – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نشاۃ ثانیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="رنسانس (نوی والی/بيا ژوند) – paschto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رنسانس (نوی والی/بيا ژوند)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paschto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renascimento" title="Renascimento – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Renascimento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rena%C8%99terea" title="Renașterea – rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Renașterea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Возрождение – russ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Возрождение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ренесанція – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ренесанція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ренессанс – jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ренессанс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinaschimentu" title="Rinaschimentu – sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rinaschimentu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinascimentu" title="Rinascimentu – sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Rinascimentu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ريناسنس – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ريناسنس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa – serbo-croat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Renesansa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="පුනරුදය – singalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුනරුදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesancia" title="Renesancia – slovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Renesancia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Renesansa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilindja" title="Rilindja – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rilindja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ренесанса – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ренесанса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9naisans" title="Rénaisans – sundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rénaisans" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssansen" title="Renässansen – svedais" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Renässansen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/palekalay_tu_naliman_a_misulit_tu_cudad_%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="palekalay tu naliman a misulit tu cudad 文藝復興 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="palekalay tu naliman a misulit tu cudad 文藝復興" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE)" title="மறுமலர்ச்சி (ஐரோப்பா) – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மறுமலர்ச்சி (ஐரோப்பா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="రినైజెన్స్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రినైజెన్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D2%B3%D1%91" title="Эҳё – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эҳё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="สมัยฟื้นฟูศิลปวิทยา – tailandais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมัยฟื้นฟูศิลปวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wozro%C5%BEdeni%C3%BDe" title="Wozroždeniýe – turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Wozroždeniýe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renasimiyento" title="Renasimiyento – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Renasimiyento" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intibohi_Dovr" title="Intibohi Dovr – Talisch" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Intibohi Dovr" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6nesans" title="Rönesans – tirc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rönesans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7_%DA%AF%DB%88%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B4" title="قايتا گۈللىنىش – uiguric" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قايتا گۈللىنىش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Відродження – ucranais" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відродження" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucranais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%83_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="نشاۃ ثانیہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نشاۃ ثانیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyg%CA%BBonish_davri" title="Uygʻonish davri – usbec" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uygʻonish davri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renasimento" title="Renasimento – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Renasimento" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A5c_H%C6%B0ng" title="Phục Hưng – vietnamais" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phục Hưng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance – Westflämisch" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Renaissance" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Westflämisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renasimyento" title="Renasimyento – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Renasimyento" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文艺复兴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რენესანსი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რენესანსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="רענעסאנס – jiddic" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רענעסאנס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴 – chinais" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文艺复兴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="文藝復興 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="文藝復興" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBn-g%C4%93_ho%CC%8Dk-heng" title="Bûn-gē ho̍k-heng – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-gē ho̍k-heng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="文藝復興 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文藝復興" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4692#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifitgar las colliaziuns tar autras linguas" class="wbc-editpage">Modifitgar colliaziuns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Tip da pagina"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rm" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/220px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/330px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/440px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="3070" /></a><figcaption>Il <i>homo vitruvianus</i>, studi da proporziuns da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonardo_da_Vinci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonardo da Vinci (n'exista betg)">Leonardo da Vinci</a> tenor model antic (1492). Il scheni universal Da Vinci vala sco represchentant il pli enconuschent da la renaschientscha</figcaption></figure> <p>Il term <b>renaschientscha</b> (resp. la furma franzosa <i>renaissance</i>) denominescha l’epoca da l’istorgia culturala e da l’istorgia d’art situada al cumenzament dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temp_modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temp modern (n'exista betg)">temp modern</a> (15avel e 16avel tschientaner). Il num – ch’è s’etablì en emprima lingia en il 19avel tschientaner – cunfinescha l’epoca dal <a href="/wiki/Temp_medieval" title="Temp medieval">temp medieval</a> precedent e fa allusiun a l’idea che la cultura europeica saja puspè s’orientada pli ferm a l’<a href="/wiki/Antica" title="Antica">antica</a> greca e romana. Sco tratg caracteristic tschenta la renaschientscha il singul individi en il center da tut esser. </p><p>Bain aveva gia il temp medieval guardà enavos sin l’antica. Ma en ils dus tschientaners che suondan è vegnida recepida ina paletta bler pli vasta da texts antics; plinavant ha l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Umanissem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umanissem (n'exista betg)">umanissem</a> studegià en quests texts aspects ch’eran vegnids negligids, sco per exempel dumondas davart la furma dal stadi. En consequenza da quest resvegl spiertal è la renaschientscha er marcada d’ina vaira unda d’invenziuns e scuvertas. </p><p>La vieuta dal temp medieval al temp modern n’è betg succedida a moda abrupta, mabain successivamain en il decurs dal 13avel e 14avel tschientaner. Sco temp da fluriziun da la renaschientscha valan il 15avel e 16avel tschientaner (talian: <i>Quattrocento</i> e <i>Cinquecento</i>). Il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baroc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baroc (n'exista betg)">baroc</a> (en l’istorgia d’art) respectivamain l’<a href="/wiki/Absolutissem" title="Absolutissem">absolutissem</a> (sco epoca istorica) marcheschan la fin da la renaschientscha vers l’entschatta dal 17avel tschientaner. En l’Europa dal Nord è la renaschientscha sa fatga valair pli tard ed è er vegnida substituida pli tard tras il baroc. En las parts protestantas (en spezial en l’Europa dal Nord) è la denominaziun d’epoca ‹renaschientscha› main preschenta damai che la <a href="/wiki/Refurmaziun" title="Refurmaziun">refurmaziun</a> è sa fatga valair sco moviment central. </p><p>Tar ils pli enconuschents artists da la renaschientscha tutgan ils Talians <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonardo_da_Vinci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonardo da Vinci (n'exista betg)">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tizian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tizian (n'exista betg)">Tizian</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donatello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donatello (n'exista betg)">Donatello</a> sco er il Tudestg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albrecht Dürer (n'exista betg)">Albrecht Dürer</a>. L’epoca en ses pli vast senn è dentant er marcada d’impurtants scripturs sco <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Shakespeare (n'exista betg)">William Shakespeare</a>. Il filosof <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niccolò Machiavelli (n'exista betg)">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> vala sco represchentant d’ina politica da pussanza, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erasmus_da_Rotterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erasmus da Rotterdam (n'exista betg)">Erasmus da Rotterdam</a> perencunter stat per morala e reflexiun da sasez. En la musica è l’epoca colliada cun in augment en la polifonia e cun novas armonias sco tar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orlando_di_Lasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orlando di Lasso (n'exista betg)">Orlando di Lasso</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denominaziun_e_successiun_cronologica">Denominaziun e successiun cronologica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifitgar secziun: Denominaziun e successiun cronologica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Denominaziun e successiun cronologica"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il term <i>rinascita</i> u <i>rinascimento</i> è vegnì duvrà l’emprima giada il 1550 da l’artist e biograf talian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Vasari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Vasari (n'exista betg)">Giorgio Vasari</a>. Vasari differenziescha tranter trais fasas en il svilup da l’istorgia d’art: l’epoca gloriusa da l’antica greca e romana, il temp intermediar da la decadenza medievala, la renaschientscha da l’art e dal spiert da l’antica a partir dal 1250. Tenor Vasari hajan sculpturs, architects e picturs da la segunda mesadad dal 13avel tschientaner, tranter auter Arnolfo di Cambio, Niccolò Pisano, Cimabue e Giotto, «mussà en temps da gronda stgiraglia als maisters che duevan suandar la via vers la perfecziun». </p><p>Ils onns 1820/30 è il term <i>renaissance</i> vegnì surpiglià en la lingua franzosa. Enturn il 1840 è questa furma vegnida duvrada en scrittiras da lingua tudestga per denominar l’epoca da transiziun tranter il temp medieval ed il temp modern. Cun si’ovra <i>Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien</i> (1860) ha l’istoriograf basilais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Burckhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Burckhardt (n'exista betg)">Jacob Burckhardt</a> marcà a moda decisiva la chapientscha odierna dal term. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/220px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/330px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/440px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="18840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandro_Botticelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandro Botticelli (n'exista betg)">Sandro Botticelli</a>: La naschientscha da Venus (1483–1485)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ils origins da l’epoca da la renaschientscha èn da chattar en l’Italia da la fin dal 14avel tschientaner. Pli baud predominava l’idea ch’igl haja dà in moviment inizial en l’Italia, succedì d’ina derasaziun cuntinuanta da las novas tendenzas en tut l’Europa. Oz percunter part’ins d’ina situaziun bler pli entretschada cun svilups parallels ed influenzas vicendaivlas.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Entaifer la successiun cronologica da las epocas d’art è la renaschientscha situada tranter la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotica (n'exista betg)">gotica</a> ed il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baroc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baroc (n'exista betg)">baroc</a>. La renaschientscha sco tala vegn per regla partida en trais periodas: la renaschientscha tempriva, la renaschientscha classica e la renaschientscha tardiva (er numnada manierissem). </p><p>Cuntrari al 19avel tschientaner na discurran l’istorgia d’art e l’istoriografia oz betg pli d’ina ruptura radicala tranter il temp medieval e la renaschientscha. Exempels per svilups che anticipeschan la renaschientscha èn tranter auter da chattar en la construcziun da citads dal 13avel tschientaner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifitgar secziun: Origins" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Origins"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appropriaziun_da_savida_greca_ed_araba">Appropriaziun da savida greca ed araba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifitgar secziun: Appropriaziun da savida greca ed araba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Appropriaziun da savida greca ed araba"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La savida e las ideas da l’antica eran per part idas en emblidanza en il temp medieval tempriv ed autmedieval. Quest fundus vegniva be pli conservà en bibliotecas claustralas, a Bizanz ed en l’intschess cultural arab. Scienziads sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poggio_Bracciolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poggio Bracciolini (n'exista betg)">Poggio Bracciolini</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccolo_Niccoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niccolo Niccoli (n'exista betg)">Niccolo Niccoli</a> han cumenzà a tschertgar sistematicamain suenter ovras d’auturs classics sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platon (n'exista betg)">Platon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicero (n'exista betg)">Cicero</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitruv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitruv (n'exista betg)">Vitruv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medemamain è in grond dumber d’ovras grecas ed arabas crudada en ils mauns dals conquistaders cristians en rom da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reconquista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reconquista (n'exista betg)">reconquista</a> sin la Peninsla Iberica. La biblioteca da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordoba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordoba (n'exista betg)">Cordoba</a> duai per exempel avair cumpiglià radund 400 000 cudeschs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il declin da l’<a href="/wiki/Imperi_bizantin" title="Imperi bizantin">Imperi bizantin</a> en il temp tranter la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarta_cruschada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarta cruschada (n'exista betg)">Quarta cruschada</a> (1202–1204) e la conquista da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantinopel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantinopel (n'exista betg)">Constantinopel</a> tras ils <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tircs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tircs (n'exista betg)">Tircs</a> (1453) ha manà blers scienziads grecs en l’Italia. Là han els dà vinavant lur savida davart l’antica greca ch’era sa mantegnida en l’Imperi bizantin durant ils bundant 1000 onns dapi la fin da l’Imperi roman dal vest. Gia il 1423 era il scienzià <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Aurispa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Aurispa (n'exista betg)">Giovanni Aurispa</a> viagià a Constantinopel ed aveva manà enavos en l’Italia 200 codices cun texts profans da l’antica.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structuras_socialas_e_politicas">Structuras socialas e politicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifitgar secziun: Structuras socialas e politicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Structuras socialas e politicas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Sunset_over_florence_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sunset_over_florence_1.jpg/220px-Sunset_over_florence_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sunset_over_florence_1.jpg/330px-Sunset_over_florence_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sunset_over_florence_1.jpg/440px-Sunset_over_florence_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Firenza" title="Firenza">Firenza</a> cun monuments architectonics da la renaschientscha</figcaption></figure> <p>Er las relaziuns socialas e politicas en l’Italia han attribuì a las vieutas ch’han gì lieu vers la fin dal temp medieval. L’Italia n’existiva da quel temp betg sco unitad politica, mabain era sutdividida en divers territoris e citads suveranas. En il 15avel tschientaner era l’Italia ina da las regiuns urbanisadas il pli ferm da tut l’Europa. Las citads furmavan republicas (or da la perspectiva dad oz stuess ins pledar d’oligarchias) e purschevan ina tscherta libertad politica che sa manifestava er en in progress scientific ed artistic.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L’Italia aveva en general mantegnì il pli viv la memoria da l’antica.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tras las numerusas vias da colliaziun dal spazi mediterran era il pajais avert en tut las direcziuns. Ils centers da commerzi da las citads al laschavan vegnir en contact cun regiuns allontanadas, en spezial cun la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levanta (n'exista betg)">Levanta</a>. Grazia a la bainstanza ch’il commerzi generava eri pussaivel da laschar elavurar gronds projects architectonics ed artistics, e quai tant da vart publica sco er privata. Medemamain pudeva vegnir investì dapli temp en la furmaziun, perscrutaziun e scienza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_mort_naira">La mort naira</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifitgar secziun: La mort naira" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: La mort naira"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tenor in’autra teoria ha la mort naira manà en il 14avel tschientaner ad ina nova schientscha e fullà via a la renaschientscha. Sut la giaischla da la pestilenza hajan ils umans cumenzà a s’orientar pli ferm a chaussas mundanas, enstagl da focusar sin dumondas spiritualas e da l’auter mund sco che quai era il cas en il temp medieval. Da l’autra vart èsi da far valair che la pesta ha furià sco pandemia en tut l’Europa e betg sulettamain en l’Italia. Per explitgar la renaschientscha partan ins oz d’ina colliaziun cumplexa da tut ils facturs menziunads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_renaschientscha_dal_spiert_antic">La renaschientscha dal spiert antic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifitgar secziun: La renaschientscha dal spiert antic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: La renaschientscha dal spiert antic"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In tratg caracteristic da l’epoca furma la renaschientscha dal spiert antic. L’entir moviment spiertal s’orientescha als princips ed a las valurs da l’umanissem. Sco precursurs da quest svilup valan scripturs da l’Italia dal 14avel tschientaner sco per exempel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Petrarca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Petrarca (n'exista betg)">Francesco Petrarca</a>. El è s’occupà intensivamain cun scripturs antics ed ha accentuà la valur da l’individualissem e da la furmaziun umanistica. Il studi da las linguas, da la litteratura, istorgia e filosofia dueva succeder tenor el per agen intent, pia ordaifer in context religius. En general è il maletg dal mund teocentric vegnì substituì tras ina vista antropocentrica. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Erasmus_hieronymus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Erasmus_hieronymus.jpg/180px-Erasmus_hieronymus.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Erasmus_hieronymus.jpg/270px-Erasmus_hieronymus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Erasmus_hieronymus.jpg/360px-Erasmus_hieronymus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="2186" /></a><figcaption>Ediziun davart la vita ed ovra da <a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Hieronymus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Hieronymus (n'exista betg)">s. Hieronymus</a> (ca. 350–420), tgirada tras <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erasmus_da_Rotterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erasmus da Rotterdam (n'exista betg)">Erasmus da Rotterdam</a> e cumparida a <a href="/wiki/Basilea" title="Basilea">Basilea</a> il 1516</figcaption></figure> <p>Questa «renaschientscha» è sa manifestada en la rescuverta e reutilisaziun da numerus elements dal pensar antic (en scrittiras, monuments, sculpturas, en il pensar filosofic e.a.). Il pli ferm è questa nova orientaziun sa mussada en las singulas spartas da la creaziun artistica, nua ch’in fundament matematic-scientific ha substituì l’orientaziun mistic-spirituala da pli baud. Sco exemplaric per quest nov maletg dal mund po valair il studi da proporziuns da Leonardo da Vinci. En quel vegn l’uman cun sia constituziun anatomica mess en il center d’in nov urden. L’epoca da la renaschientscha marchescha en quest senn l’origin da l’orientaziun antropocentrica che caracterisescha il temp modern. </p><p>En las citads-stadi talianas han l’art e las scienzas cuntanschì da quel temp ina reputaziun cumparegliabla a quella da la <a href="/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia">Grezia</a> antica. Ils artists n’eran betg pli mastergnants anonims; lur ovras vegnivan renconuschidas sco creaziuns individualas da gronda muntada. Questa nova schientscha culminescha en ils numerus schenis universals ch’èn s’occupads a medem temp da las pli differentas spartas d’art e da la lavur scientifica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosofia">Filosofia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifitgar secziun: Filosofia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Filosofia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La filosofia da la renaschientscha prenda distanza dal pensar scolastic-aristotelic e s’orientescha pli ferm al platonissem. Tut las scrittiras da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platon (n'exista betg)">Platon</a> èn vegnidas translatadas en il latin. Il neoplatonissem ch’è sa fatg valair da quel temp è vegnì sviluppà da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Gemistos_Plethon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Gemistos Plethon (n'exista betg)">Georgios Gemistos Plethon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marsilio_Ficino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marsilio Ficino (n'exista betg)">Marsilio Ficino</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (n'exista betg)">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a>. Sco tenuta spiertala era l’umanissem derasà tranter blers scienziads da la renaschientscha. Tar quels tutgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coluccio_Salutati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coluccio Salutati (n'exista betg)">Coluccio Salutati</a> (1331–1406), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolaus_Cusanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolaus Cusanus (n'exista betg)">Nicolaus Cusanus</a> (1401–1464), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erasmus_da_Rotterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erasmus da Rotterdam (n'exista betg)">Erasmus da Rotterdam</a> (1466–1536), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niccolò Machiavelli (n'exista betg)">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> (1469–1527), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Morus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Morus (n'exista betg)">Thomas Morus</a> (1478–1535), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Rabelais (n'exista betg)">François Rabelais</a> (1494–1553) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polydor_Vergil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polydor Vergil (n'exista betg)">Polydor Vergil</a> (1470–1555). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_figurativ">Art figurativ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifitgar secziun: Art figurativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Art figurativ"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caracteristicas">Caracteristicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifitgar secziun: Caracteristicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Caracteristicas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In dals elements ch’ha influenzà decisivamain la genesa da l’art da la renaschientscha furma l’occupaziun cun la natira. Gia avant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasari (n'exista betg)">Vasari</a> avevan scripturs sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Boccaccio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Boccaccio (n'exista betg)">Giovanni Boccaccio</a> ludà l’artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giotto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giotto (n'exista betg)">Giotto</a> per si’abilitad da malegiar las chaussas e persunas a moda uschè natirala sco nagin avant el. En il decurs dal 15avel tschientaner è la reproducziun natiralistica vegnida perfecziunada. Quest tratg caracteristic furma in element central per cunfinar l’art da la renaschientscha da las epocas precedentas. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:358durer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/358durer.jpg/220px-358durer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/358durer.jpg/330px-358durer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/358durer.jpg/440px-358durer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Maletg dad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albrecht Dürer (n'exista betg)">Albrecht Dürer</a> davart la perspectiva</figcaption></figure> <p>Er l’orientaziun vers l’antica è colliada cun la tschertga d’ina ‹vardad natirala› en l’art. Ins admirava las ovras d’art da l’antica sco exemplaricas per la reproducziun natiralistica. L’impurtant teoreticher talian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Battista_Alberti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Battista Alberti (n'exista betg)">Leon Battista Alberti</a> ha intimà ils artists «da betg be imitar ils artists da l’antica, mabain d’empruvar d’als surpassar». L’artist na duaja betg simplamain represchentar la ‹realitad›, mabain megliurar ed idealisar ils models ch’el chattia en la natira. </p><p>Sco terz element da l’art da la renaschientscha, sper l’occupaziun cun la natira e l’admiraziun da l’antica, po valair la dumonda suenter l’essenza da quai che vegn resentì sco bel. Ils artists empruvavan per exempel da reproducir u meglier detg da concepir l’uman en in’estetica sublima. Mesiras e proporziuns idealas èn d’impurtanza tant en la pictura e sculptura sco er tar la concepziun d’edifizis. Cun agid da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perspectiva_centrala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perspectiva centrala (n'exista betg)">perspectiva centrala</a> ch’è vegnida (re-)scuverta da quel temp, han ils artists pudì reproducir la profunditad dal spazi cun in’exactadad quasi matematica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Survista">Survista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifitgar secziun: Survista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Survista"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En l’art han <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Brunelleschi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Brunelleschi (n'exista betg)">Filippo Brunelleschi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Ghiberti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenzo Ghiberti (n'exista betg)">Lorenzo Ghiberti</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donatello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donatello (n'exista betg)">Donatello</a> fullà via a la nova direcziun. Lur precursurs en il temp da l’uschenumnada protorenaschientscha dal 13avel e 14avel tschientaner eran stads <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicola_Pisano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicola Pisano (n'exista betg)">Nicola Pisano</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giotto_di_Bondone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giotto di Bondone (n'exista betg)">Giotto di Bondone</a> ed auters. </p><p>La renaschientscha tempriva cumenza a Firenza cun sculpturas da Donatello, relievs da bronz da Ghiberti, frescos da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masaccio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masaccio (n'exista betg)">Masaccio</a> ed edifizis da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Brunelleschi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Brunelleschi (n'exista betg)">Filippo Brunelleschi</a>. </p><p>Il temp da ca. 1490/1500 enfin 1520 vala sco renaschientscha classica, segnada da la tschertga da perfecziun ed armonia suprema. Questa perioda è sa sviluppada en spezial a Roma a la curt papala. En quest temp crodan ils plans da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bramante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bramante (n'exista betg)">Bramante</a> per il nov edifizi central da la baselgia da S. Pieder a Roma, ils pli impurtants maletgs da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonardo_da_Vinci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonardo da Vinci (n'exista betg)">Leonardo da Vinci</a> (‹La Sontga Tschaina›, ‹Mona Lisa›, ‹Dunna cun ermelin›), las picturas da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raffael&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raffael (n'exista betg)">Raffael</a> en las ‹Stanzas› e ses maletg d’altar il pli famus, la ‹Madonna sixtina›. En pli las sculpturas da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michelangelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michelangelo (n'exista betg)">Michelangelo</a> (‹Pietà›, ‹David›, ‹Moses›), sias picturas dal palantschieu sura en la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapella_Sixtina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chapella Sixtina (n'exista betg)">Chapella Sixtina</a> e las gravuras maisterilas dad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albrecht Dürer (n'exista betg)">Albrecht Dürer</a>. </p><p>I suonda enfin il 1590 la renaschientscha tardiva u il manierissem, in’epoca segnada da differents svilups artistics. Il manierissem ha la tendenza d’exagerar il repertori formal da la renaschientscha classica. In exempel furma la <i>Figura serpentinata</i> sco quai che <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_da_Bologna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni da Bologna (n'exista betg)">Giovanni da Bologna</a> l’ha represchentà en sia sculptura ‹Rapiment da las Sabinas› (1583): figuras umanas tratgas en la lunga e represchentadas en in moviment furius drizzà vers tschiel. La fasa finala da la renaschientscha tardiva maina lura gia vers il baroc. </p><p>L’epoca da la renaschientscha na percurra betg en tut l’Europa il medem svilup. En l’Italia è il spiert da la renaschientscha sa mussà il pli baud ed ha influenzà tant pictura sco er sculptura ed architectura. En il nord ha la renaschientscha cumenzà pir enturn u suenter il 1500 ed ha chattà expressiuns divergentas da pajais tar pajais. En general pon ins constatar qua ina pli gronda influenza dals ideals antics sin l’architectura e sin la sculptura che sin la pictura. En <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a> e <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> è il stil antic sa maschadà en la renaschientscha tempriva cun elements naziunals. Vers la fin da la renaschientscha ha la tendenza da reproducir las furmas anticas en moda pli opulenta e pulpida manà vers il baroc. In colorit naziunal ha la renaschientscha er conuschì en il <a href="/wiki/Pajais_Bass" title="Pajais Bass">Pajais Bass</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Pologna" title="Pologna">Pologna</a>, l’<a href="/wiki/Engalterra" title="Engalterra">Engalterra</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna">Spagna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pictura">Pictura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifitgar secziun: Pictura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Pictura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Raffael_058.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raffael_058.jpg/250px-Raffael_058.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raffael_058.jpg/375px-Raffael_058.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raffael_058.jpg/500px-Raffael_058.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6045" data-file-height="4671" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raffael&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raffael (n'exista betg)">Raffael</a>: Scola d’Athen (1509–1510), Stanza della Segnatura, <a href="/wiki/Vatican" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican">Vatican</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La gronda part dals maletgs da la renaschientscha èn maletgs d’altar e frescos religius creads per baselgias. La figura religiusa vegn dentant umanisada cun la situar en in ambient terrester. Savens portan las persunas la vestgadira da mintgadi dal temp da la renaschientscha. Daspera èn vegnids stgaffids maletgs cun tematicas profanas u pajaunas-mitologicas (allegorias, dieus ed eroxs da l’antica, scenas or da l’istorgia antica). In ulteriur segment furman purtrets individuals da persunalitads contemporanas. Ultra da quai è sa sviluppada in’emprima fasa da la represchentaziun da cuntradas e da scenas da la vita da mintgadi. Ils maletgs da cuntradas na furman dentant nagina copia exacta da la realitad, mabain duevan simbolisar ils princips fundamentals da la bellezza. Questa bellezza idealisada vegniva definida sco natira. </p><p>Per pudair crear in maletg cun effect tridimensiunal sin ina surfatscha bidimensiunala han ils artists gì da sviluppar reglas opticas e geometricas. In element central furma l’orizont imaginar che sa chatta sin l’autezza dal contemplader. La profunditad dal spazi vegn cuntanschida cun agid da la perspectiva centrala, vul dir cun in sistem da lingias che sa cruschan en il punct perspectiv situà sin la lingia orizontala. </p><p>En l’art da la renaschientscha è vegnì dà adina dapli pais sin ina represchentaziun adequata da l’anatomia da l’uman. Ils artists han intercurì musculs, moviments, posiziuns e proporziuns. Malgrà quests studis anatomics è l’act uman – sco gia en l’antica – vegnì represchentà en proporziuns idealisantas. L’artist empruvava da filtrar or da la ritgezza da la natira umana las furmas las pli esteticas per exprimer uschia la perfecziun corporala. La nivadad valeva sco simbol per innocenza; ella vegniva vesida sco insatge natiral che dueva exprimer ina bellezza oriunda. Tut questas ideas davart la figura umana ha la renaschientscha surpiglià da l’antica. </p><p>Areguard la concepziun dal singul maletg ha la renaschientscha dà la preferenza a structuras simmetricas ed armonicas. A l’intern vegnivan quellas savens cumplettadas tras arranschaments che resguardan furmas geometricas sco il rudè, il mez rudè u il trapez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sculptura">Sculptura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sculptura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sculptura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:David_von_Michelangelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/David_von_Michelangelo.jpg/170px-David_von_Michelangelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/David_von_Michelangelo.jpg/255px-David_von_Michelangelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/David_von_Michelangelo.jpg/340px-David_von_Michelangelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="2046" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michelangelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michelangelo (n'exista betg)">Michelangelo</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_(Michelangelo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David (Michelangelo) (n'exista betg)">David</a> (1501–1504)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ils sculpturs da la renaschientscha han stgaffì oravant tut figuras singulas e bists-purtrets. Sin las plazzas publicas da las citads han ins postà plasticas monumentalas, per exempel en furma da statuas a chaval. La sculptura sepulcrala per dignitaris seculars ed ecclesiastics cumbinescha savens la sculptura e l’architectura ad in’ovra d’art cumplessiva. </p><p>Da l’autra vart sa liberescha la sculptura adina dapli da sia funcziun medievala sco part accessorica da l’architectura. Sper figuras integradas en nischas, concepidas sco part d’in edifizi, vegnan stgaffidas adina dapli plasticas che stattan al liber e che pon vegnir contempladas da tuttas varts. </p><p>Er la sculptura da la renaschientscha s’orientescha a las lavurs da l’antica. Las sculpturas vegnan modelladas da tuttas varts, l’uman vegn mussà niv, la posiziun da las chommas correspunda savens al cuntrapost classic. Studis anatomics gidan ad illustrar la figura umana en moda uschè realistica sco pussaivel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architectura">Architectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifitgar secziun: Architectura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Architectura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ina da las tendenzas entaifer l’architectura da la renaschientscha era quella da laschar reviver la lingua da las furmas da l’antica resguardond rigurusamain sias furmas classicas. En l’Italia è questa finamira vegnida cuntanschida enturn il 1500 tras <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donato_Bramante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donato Bramante (n'exista betg)">Donato Bramante</a>; silsuenter è il stil antichisant-classicistic sa derasà en tut il pajais. Ils edifizis da la renaschientscha en l’Italia sa distinguan tras ina concepziun clera, survesaivla ed armonica. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Villa_Rotonda_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Villa_Rotonda_front.jpg/220px-Villa_Rotonda_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Villa_Rotonda_front.jpg/330px-Villa_Rotonda_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Villa_Rotonda_front.jpg/440px-Villa_Rotonda_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>La Rotonda, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Palladio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Palladio (n'exista betg)">Andrea Palladio</a>, 1571</figcaption></figure> <p>En lur plans orizontals s’orientavan ils architects a furmas geometricas idealas sco il quadrat u il rudè. Elements da construcziun sco colonnas, pilasters, capitels, culmainas triangularas e.a. han ins surprendì directamain da l’antica (greca). Uschia chatt’ins vi da las colonnas capitels dorics, ionics u corintics. En ils plauns sutterrans han ins savens er applitgà la colonna toscana che vegniva gia duvrada entaifer l’architectura da l’antica romana. Las singulas parts da l’edifizi avevan da s’accordar armonicamain in cun l’auter. Areguard proporziuns idealas valevan en spezial ils tractats architectonics dal constructur roman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitruv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitruv (n'exista betg)">Vitruv</a> sco referenza. </p><p>In’autra tendenza da l’architectura da la renaschientscha è quella da variar elements da l’antica ma er dal temp medieval a moda analoga, pia senza sa tegnair strictamain vi das las reglas architectonicas oriundas. Pli impurtant è qua il messadi che vegn transportà cun ils motivs antichisants, numnadamain in aut prestige social ed in ethos che sa referescha a l’antica. </p><p>Applitgond in princip da la pratica da bajegiar medievala vegnan elements architectonics da l’antica sco travs, capitels u profils be surprendids cun als imitar u variar. Per part han ins pudì sa referir a l’architectura <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanica (n'exista betg)">romanica</a> che sumeglia quella da l’antica. In exempel furma il clutger da la baselgia da s. Kilian a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heilbronn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heilbronn (n'exista betg)">Heilbronn</a> dal 1513. Tipica per questa tecnica d’analogia èn ornamentaziuns ordvart ritgas en furma d’arabescas ed auter. Tenor la tradiziun da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotica (n'exista betg)">gotica</a> vegn vinavant accentuà la verticala. Ils construiders n’eran qua savens betg intellectuals sco en l’Italia, mabain sa sentivan obligads a la tradiziun da las interpresas artisanalas dal temp medieval. Ils plans orizontals e las fatschadas èn savens asimetrics. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:BASSEN,_Bartholomeus_van,_Renaissance_Interior_with_Banqueters,_1618-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BASSEN%2C_Bartholomeus_van%2C_Renaissance_Interior_with_Banqueters%2C_1618-20.jpg/220px-BASSEN%2C_Bartholomeus_van%2C_Renaissance_Interior_with_Banqueters%2C_1618-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BASSEN%2C_Bartholomeus_van%2C_Renaissance_Interior_with_Banqueters%2C_1618-20.jpg/330px-BASSEN%2C_Bartholomeus_van%2C_Renaissance_Interior_with_Banqueters%2C_1618-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/BASSEN%2C_Bartholomeus_van%2C_Renaissance_Interior_with_Banqueters%2C_1618-20.jpg/440px-BASSEN%2C_Bartholomeus_van%2C_Renaissance_Interior_with_Banqueters%2C_1618-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Banchet en in interiur dal temp da la renaschientscha, maletg da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartholomeus_van_Bassen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartholomeus van Bassen (n'exista betg)">Bartholomeus van Bassen</a>, 1618–1620</figcaption></figure> <p>Medemamain vegn per part cuntinuà cun applitgar las furmas da la gotica, e quai en las regiuns che resentan quellas sco pli modernas che quellas da l’antica. En general pon ins constatar che questa tendenza sco er l’architectura en analogia èn vegnidas applitgadas pli ferm là, nua ch’ins na resentiva il temp medieval betg talmain sco fasa intermediara e da decadenza culturala. Quai è surtut stà il cas en l’Europa Centrala ed en l’Europa dal Nord. La Frantscha e la Spagna percunter furman stadis nua che la rigurusadad antica e la tecnica d’analogia cumparan in sper l’auter. </p><p>Tranter ils pli enconuschents artists da la renaschientscha taliana (pictura, sculptura ed architectura) tutgan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donatello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donatello (n'exista betg)">Donatello</a> (1386–1466), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandro_Botticelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandro Botticelli (n'exista betg)">Sandro Botticelli</a> (1444/1445–1510), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonardo_da_Vinci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonardo da Vinci (n'exista betg)">Leonardo da Vinci</a> (1452–1519), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michelangelo_Buonarroti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michelangelo Buonarroti (n'exista betg)">Michelangelo Buonarroti</a> (1475–1564), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raffael&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raffael (n'exista betg)">Raffael</a> (1483–1520), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiziano_Vecellio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiziano Vecellio (n'exista betg)">Tiziano Vecellio</a> (14?–1576) ed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Palladio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Palladio (n'exista betg)">Andrea Palladio</a> (1508–1580). </p><p>Impurtants artists da la renaschientscha ordaifer l’Italia èn: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_van_Eyck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan van Eyck (n'exista betg)">Jan van Eyck</a> (ca. 1390–1441), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rogier_van_der_Weyden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rogier van der Weyden (n'exista betg)">Rogier van der Weyden</a> (1399/1400–1464), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albrecht Dürer (n'exista betg)">Albrecht Dürer</a> (1471–1528), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucas_Cranach_der_%C3%84ltere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucas Cranach der Ältere (n'exista betg)">Lucas Cranach der Ältere</a> (1472–1553), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Gr%C3%BCnewald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias Grünewald (n'exista betg)">Matthias Grünewald</a> (1475/1480–1528), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Holbein_der_J%C3%BCngere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Holbein der Jüngere (n'exista betg)">Hans Holbein der Jüngere</a> (ca. 1497–1543) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Bruegel_der_%C3%84ltere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieter Bruegel der Ältere (n'exista betg)">Pieter Bruegel der Ältere</a> (ca. 1525–1569). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratura_e_publicistica">Litteratura e publicistica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura e publicistica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Litteratura e publicistica"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Narrenschiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Narrenschiff.jpg/180px-Narrenschiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Narrenschiff.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Frontispizi dal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_Narrenschiff_(Brant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Das Narrenschiff (Brant) (n'exista betg)">Narrenschyff</a></i> da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Brant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Brant (n'exista betg)">Sebastian Brant</a> (1494)</figcaption></figure> <p>Entaifer la litteratura han <i>La Divina Commedia</i> (1307–1321) da <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>, las brevs, ils tractats e las poesias da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Petrarca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Petrarca (n'exista betg)">Francesco Petrarca</a> ed <i>Il Decamerone</i> (1353) da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Boccaccio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Boccaccio (n'exista betg)">Giovanni Boccaccio</a> inizià la renaschientscha. En si’ovra <i>Il Cortegiano</i> (1528) descriva il cont <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldassare_Castiglione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baldassare Castiglione (n'exista betg)">Baldassare Castiglione</a> il tip ideal da la renaschientscha. </p><p>L’invenziun da la stampa da cudeschs cun letras moviblas tras <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> a partir dal 1450 ha dà in enorm stausch a la litteratura ed a la distribuziun da stampats en general. </p><p>Tar ils enconuschents scripturs da la renaschientscha ordaifer l’Italia tutgan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Brant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Brant (n'exista betg)">Sebastian Brant</a> (1457–1521), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erasmus_da_Rotterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erasmus da Rotterdam (n'exista betg)">Erasmus da Rotterdam</a> (ca. 1466–1536), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Rabelais (n'exista betg)">François Rabelais</a> (1494–1553), <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon" title="Philipp Melanchthon">Philipp Melanchthon</a> (1497–1560), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torquato_Tasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torquato Tasso (n'exista betg)">Torquato Tasso</a> (1544–1595) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Shakespeare (n'exista betg)">William Shakespeare</a> (1564–1616). Il num da Shakespeare è collià stretgamain cun il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teater_da_la_renaschientscha_englaisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teater da la renaschientscha englaisa (n'exista betg)">Teater da la renaschientscha englaisa</a> (u teater elisabettan). En l’Italia è sa fatga valair da quel temp la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commedia_dell%E2%80%99arte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commedia dell’arte (n'exista betg)">Commedia dell’arte</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia_ed_aspects_socials">Economia ed aspects socials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifitgar secziun: Economia ed aspects socials" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Economia ed aspects socials"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Economicamain croda la renaschientscha ensemen cun la fin dal scumond da tschains sco quai ch’el era usità en il temp medieval. Plinavant èn vegnidas dismessas tschertas munaidas medievalas che liavan ils possessurs en furma da taglias als signurs feudals. Tut quai ha pussibilità il svilup da bancas sco quellas dals <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fugger (n'exista betg)">Fugger</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medici (n'exista betg)">Medici</a>. Da l’autra vart è sa pegiurada la situaziun economica e sociala da grondas parts da la populaziun rurala. Las tensiuns ch’èn resultadas da quai han tranter auter manà a las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guerras_da_purs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guerras da purs (n'exista betg)">guerras da purs</a>. </p><p>Entaifer ils singuls manaschis ha l’introducziun da la contabilitad dubla lubì ina controlla bler pli severa dal success da las interpresas economicas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotaziuns">Annotaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifitgar secziun: Annotaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Annotaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Burke: <i>Die europäische Renaissance. Zentren und Peripherien</i>, München 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marina Belozerskaya: <i>Rethinking the Renaissance. Burgundian Arts across Europe</i>, Cambridge 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Paul Strathern: <i>The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance</i>, London 2003, p. 81–90 e p. 172–197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Islamic World to 1600</i>, pagina d’internet da l’Universitad da Calgary, consultada ils 10 da matg 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History of the Renaissance</i>, <i>HistoryWorld</i>, consultà ils 10 da matg 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Julius Kirshner: <i>Family and Marriage: A socio-legal perspective. Italy in the Age of the Renaissance: 1300-1550</i>, elav. da John M. Najemy, Oxford 2004, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob Burckhardt: <i>Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien</i> elav. da Walter Goetz, 12avla ediziun, Stuttgart 2009. Burckhardt caracterisescha ils Talians al cumenzament da la renaschientscha sco «pievel mez antic».</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratura">Litteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=17" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Litteratura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boris von Brauchitsch (ed.): <i>Renaissance. Das 16. Jahrhundert, Galerie der großen Meister</i>. DuMont, Köln 1999. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3770146204" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7701-4620-4</a></li> <li>Jacob Burckhardt: <i>Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien</i>. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3933203899" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-933203-89-9</a> [L’ovra è cumparida il 1860]</li> <li>Peter Burke: <i>Die europäische Renaissance. Zentren und Peripherien</i>. Beck, München 2005. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3406527965" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-406-52796-5</a></li> <li>Johan Huizinga: <i>Das Problem der Renaissance</i>. Wagenbach, Berlin 1991. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/380315135X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8031-5135-X</a></li> <li>Alfred von Martin: <i>Soziologie der Renaissance. Zur Physiognomik und Rhythmik bürgerlicher Kultur</i> (1932, ²1949, ³1974)</li> <li>Volker Reinhardt: <i>Die Renaissance in Italien. Geschichte und Kultur</i>. Beck, München 2002. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/340647991X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-406-47991-X</a></li> <li>Anne Schunicht-Rawe, Vera Lüpkes (ed.): <i>Handbuch der Renaissance. Deutschland, Niederlande, Belgien, Österreich</i>. DuMont, Köln 2002. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3832159622" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8321-5962-2</a></li> <li>Peter Strieder: <i>Deutsche Malerei der Renaissance</i>, Langewiesche, Königstein i. Ts. 1966</li> <li>Jeffrey C. Smith: <i>The Northern Renaissance</i>. Phaidon Books, London 2004. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0714838675" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7148-3867-5</a></li> <li>Jörg Traeger: <i>Renaissance und Religion. Die Kunst des Glaubens im Zeitalter Raphaels</i>. Beck, München 1997. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783406428012" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-42801-2</a></li> <li>Manfred Wundram: <i>Renaissance</i>. Reclam, Stuttgart 2004. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3150181739" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-15-018173-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colliaziuns">Colliaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifitgar secziun: Colliaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaschientscha&action=edit&section=18" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Colliaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Renaissance?uselang=rm">Commons: Renaschientscha</a></span></b> – Collecziun da maletgs, videos e datotecas d'audio</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516005102/http://www.marcheworldwide.org/html/renaissance1.asp?lingua=de">Renaschientscha tempriva</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516031001/http://www.marcheworldwide.org/html/renaissance2.asp?lingua=de">Renaschientscha classica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.de"><i>Census of Antique Works of Art & Architecture Known in the Renaissance</i></a></li> <li>H. 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