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aria-controls="toc-Activism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Activism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_social_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_social_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early social activism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_social_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Partnership with Elizabeth Cady Stanton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperance_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperance_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Temperance activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperance_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teachers'_conventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teachers'_conventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Teachers' conventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teachers'_conventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_women's_rights_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_women's_rights_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Early women's rights activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_women's_rights_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-slavery_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-slavery_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Anti-slavery activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-slavery_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_Loyal_National_League" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_Loyal_National_League"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Women's Loyal National League</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_Loyal_National_League-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Equal_Rights_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Equal_Rights_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>American Equal Rights Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Equal_Rights_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><i>The Revolution</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempted_alliance_with_labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempted_alliance_with_labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Attempted alliance with labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempted_alliance_with_labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Split_in_the_women's_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split_in_the_women's_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Split in the women's movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Split_in_the_women's_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_suffrage_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_suffrage_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>National suffrage movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_suffrage_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States_v._Susan_B._Anthony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_v._Susan_B._Anthony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span><i>United States v. Susan B. Anthony</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_v._Susan_B._Anthony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_Woman_Suffrage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_Woman_Suffrage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2</span> <span><i>History of Woman Suffrage</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_Woman_Suffrage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_women's_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_women's_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>International women's organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_women's_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Council_of_Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Council_of_Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>International Council of Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Council_of_Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World's_Congress_of_Representative_Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World's_Congress_of_Representative_Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>World's Congress of Representative Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World's_Congress_of_Representative_Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.3</span> <span>International Woman Suffrage Alliance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changing_relationship_with_Stanton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changing_relationship_with_Stanton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Changing relationship with Stanton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changing_relationship_with_Stanton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Views_on_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Views on religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Views on marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_abortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_abortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Views on abortion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_abortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Commemoration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Halls_of_Fame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halls_of_Fame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Halls of Fame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halls_of_Fame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artwork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artwork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Artwork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artwork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentary_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentary_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Documentary projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentary_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes,_coins_and_stamps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes,_coins_and_stamps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Banknotes, coins and stamps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes,_coins_and_stamps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_of_awards_and_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_of_awards_and_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Names of awards and organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_of_awards_and_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Susan B. Anthony</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="سوزان أنتوني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوزان أنتوني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91._%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Сюзан Б. Антъни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сюзан Б. Антъни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthonyov%C3%A1" title="Susan B. Anthonyová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Susan B. Anthonyová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80._%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Σούζαν Μπ. Άντονι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σούζαν Μπ. Άντονι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سوزان آنتونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوزان آنتونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%84_B._%EC%95%A4%EC%84%9C%EB%8B%88" title="수전 B. 앤서니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수전 B. 앤서니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%E2%80%A4_%D4%B7%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Սյուզան Բ․ Էնթոնի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սյուզան Բ․ Էնթոնի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F_%D7%91._%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="סוזן ב. אנתוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוזן ב. אנתוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სიუზენ ენტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიუზენ ენტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B.Anthony" title="Susan B.Anthony – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Susan B.Anthony" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanna_B._Anthony" title="Susanna B. Anthony – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Susanna B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF" title="സൂസൻ ബി. ആന്റണി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൂസൻ ബി. ആന്റണി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80._%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="सुझॅन बी. अँथोनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुझॅन बी. अँथोनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89" title="سوزان انتونى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سوزان انتونى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_(suffragette)" title="Susan B. Anthony (suffragette) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Susan B. Anthony (suffragette)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BBB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC" title="スーザン・B・アンソニー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スーザン・B・アンソニー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="سوزن انتوني – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوزن انتوني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Энтони, Сьюзен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энтони, Сьюзен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Brownell_Anthonyov%C3%A1" title="Susan Brownell Anthonyová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Susan Brownell Anthonyová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سووزان ئەنتۆنی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووزان ئەنتۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91._%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Сузан Б. Ентони – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сузан Б. Ентони" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="சூசன் பிரவுன் அந்தோனி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூசன் பிரவுன் அந்தோனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF._%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80" title="సూసన్ బి. ఆంథనీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సూసన్ బి. ఆంథనీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Сьюзен Ентоні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сьюзен Ентоні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سوزن بی انتھونی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوزن بی انتھونی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Susan B. Anthony" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Susan B. 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Susan B. Anthony (disambiguation)">Susan B. Anthony (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Susan B. Anthony</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SB_Anthony_from_RoRaWW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SB_Anthony_from_RoRaWW.jpg/220px-SB_Anthony_from_RoRaWW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SB_Anthony_from_RoRaWW.jpg/330px-SB_Anthony_from_RoRaWW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SB_Anthony_from_RoRaWW.jpg/440px-SB_Anthony_from_RoRaWW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2515" data-file-height="3222" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Anthony in 1890</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Susan Anthony</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1820-02-15</span>)</span>February 15, 1820<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Adams,_Massachusetts" title="Adams, Massachusetts">Adams, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 13, 1906<span style="display:none">(1906-03-13)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hope_Cemetery_(Rochester)" title="Mount Hope Cemetery (Rochester)">Mount Hope Cemetery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Advocacy of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Read_Anthony" title="Daniel Read Anthony">Daniel Read Anthony</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mary_Stafford_Anthony" title="Mary Stafford Anthony">Mary Stafford Anthony</a> (sister)<br /><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Read_Anthony_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Read Anthony Jr.">Daniel Read Anthony Jr.</a> (nephew)<br /><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_II" title="Susan B. Anthony II">Susan B. Anthony II</a> (great-niece)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_B_Anthony_signature2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Susan_B_Anthony_signature2.svg/150px-Susan_B_Anthony_signature2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Susan_B_Anthony_signature2.svg/225px-Susan_B_Anthony_signature2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Susan_B_Anthony_signature2.svg/300px-Susan_B_Anthony_signature2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="116" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Susan B. Anthony</b> (born <b>Susan Anthony</b>; February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">women's suffrage</a> movement. Born into a <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> family committed to social equality, she collected <a href="/wiki/Anti-slavery_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-slavery movement">anti-slavery</a> petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the <a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="American Anti-Slavery Society">American Anti-Slavery Society</a>. </p><p>In 1851, she met <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a>, who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activities, primarily in the field of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>. Together they founded the New York Women's State Temperance Society after Anthony was prevented from speaking at a <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Temperance movement in the United States">temperance</a> conference because she was female. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> they founded the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Loyal_National_League" title="Women's Loyal National League">Women's Loyal National League</a>, which conducted the largest petition drive in United States history up to that time, collecting nearly 400,000 signatures in support of the abolition of slavery. After the war, they initiated the <a href="/wiki/American_Equal_Rights_Association" title="American Equal Rights Association">American Equal Rights Association</a>, which campaigned for equal rights for both women and African Americans. They began publishing a women's rights newspaper in 1868 called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_(newspaper)" title="The Revolution (newspaper)">The Revolution</a></i>. A year later, they founded the <a href="/wiki/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National Woman Suffrage Association">National Woman Suffrage Association</a> as part of a split in the women's movement. The split was formally healed in 1890 when their organization merged with the rival <a href="/wiki/American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="American Woman Suffrage Association">American Woman Suffrage Association</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National American Woman Suffrage Association">National American Woman Suffrage Association</a>, with Anthony as its key force. Anthony and Stanton began working with <a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a> in 1876 on what eventually grew into the six-volume <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Woman_Suffrage" title="History of Woman Suffrage">History of Woman Suffrage</a></i>. The interests of Anthony and Stanton diverged somewhat in later years, but the two remained close friends. </p><p>In 1872, Anthony was arrested in her hometown of <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a>, for voting in violation of laws that allowed only men to vote. She was convicted in a <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Susan_B._Anthony" title="Trial of Susan B. Anthony">widely publicized trial</a>. Although she refused to pay the fine, the authorities declined to take further action. In 1878, Anthony and Stanton arranged for Congress to be presented with an amendment giving women the right to vote. Introduced by Sen. <a href="/wiki/Aaron_A._Sargent" title="Aaron A. Sargent">Aaron A. Sargent</a> (<abbr title="Republican from California">R-CA</abbr>), it later became known colloquially as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment. It was eventually ratified as the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution</a> in 1920. </p><p>Anthony traveled extensively in support of women's suffrage, giving as many as 75 to 100 speeches per year and working on many state campaigns. She worked internationally for women's rights, playing a key role in creating the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Women" title="International Council of Women">International Council of Women</a>, which is still active. She also helped to bring about the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Congress_of_Representative_Women" title="World's Congress of Representative Women">World's Congress of Representative Women</a> at the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> in Chicago in 1893. </p><p>When she first began campaigning for women's rights, Anthony was harshly ridiculed and accused of trying to destroy the institution of marriage. Public perception of her changed radically during her lifetime, however. Her 80th birthday was celebrated in the White House at the invitation of President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>. She became the first female citizen to be depicted on U.S. coinage when her portrait appeared on the <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">1979 dollar coin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>Susan Anthony was born on February 15, 1820, to Daniel Anthony and Lucy Read Anthony in <a href="/wiki/Adams,_Massachusetts" title="Adams, Massachusetts">Adams, Massachusetts</a>, the second-oldest of seven children. She was named for her maternal grandmother Susanah, and for her father's sister Susan. In her youth, she and her sisters responded to a "great craze for middle initials" by adding middle initials to their own names. Anthony adopted "B." as her middle initial because her namesake Aunt Susan had married a man named Brownell.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony never used the name Brownell herself, and did not like it.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her family shared a passion for social reform. Her brothers <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Read_Anthony" title="Daniel Read Anthony">Daniel</a> and Merritt moved to <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> to support the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">anti-slavery movement</a> there. Merritt fought with <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> against pro-slavery forces during the <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a> crisis. Daniel eventually owned a newspaper and became mayor of <a href="/wiki/Leavenworth,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth, Kansas">Leavenworth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony's sister <a href="/wiki/Mary_Stafford_Anthony" title="Mary Stafford Anthony">Mary</a>, with whom she shared a home in later years, became a public school principal in Rochester, and a woman's rights activist.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_B._Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Susan_B._Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg/220px-Susan_B._Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Susan_B._Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg/330px-Susan_B._Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Susan_B._Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg/440px-Susan_B._Anthony_-_Age_28_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15220.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>Headmistress Susan B. Anthony in 1848, aged 28</figcaption></figure> <p>Anthony's father was an <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Temperance movement in the United States">temperance</a> advocate. A <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a>, he had a difficult relationship with his traditionalist congregation, which rebuked him for marrying a non-Quaker, and then disowned him for allowing a dance school to operate in his home. He continued to attend Quaker meetings anyway and became even more radical in his beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony's mother was a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> and helped raise their children in a more tolerant version of her husband's religious tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their father encouraged them all, girls as well as boys, to be self-supporting, teaching them business principles and giving them responsibilities at an early age.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Anthony was six years old, her family moved to <a href="/wiki/Battenville,_New_York" title="Battenville, New York">Battenville, New York</a>, where her father managed a large cotton mill. Previously he had operated his own small cotton factory.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When she was seventeen, Anthony was sent to a Quaker <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> in Philadelphia, where she unhappily endured its strict and sometimes humiliating atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was forced to end her studies after one term because her family was financially ruined during an economic downturn known as the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">Panic of 1837</a>. They were forced to sell everything they had at an auction, but they were rescued by her maternal uncle, who bought most of their belongings and restored them to the family.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To assist her family financially, Anthony left home to teach at a Quaker boarding school.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1845, the family moved to a farm on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a>, purchased partly with the inheritance of Anthony's mother, and the family became active in the anti-slavery movement.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There they associated with a group of Quaker social reformers who had left their congregation because of the restrictions it placed on reform activities, and who in 1848 formed a new organization called the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational Friends">Congregational Friends</a>. The Anthony farmstead soon became the Sunday afternoon gathering place for local activists, including <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>, a former slave and a prominent <a href="/wiki/Abolitionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionist">abolitionist</a> who became Anthony's lifelong friend.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Anthony family began to attend services at the <a href="/wiki/First_Unitarian_Church_of_Rochester" title="First Unitarian Church of Rochester">First Unitarian Church of Rochester</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was associated with social reform. The <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Women%27s_Rights_Convention_of_1848" title="Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848">Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848</a> was held at that church in 1848, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention" title="Seneca Falls Convention">Seneca Falls Convention</a>, the first women's rights convention, which was held two weeks earlier in a nearby town. Anthony's parents and her sister Mary attended the Rochester convention and signed the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Sentiments" title="Declaration of Sentiments">Declaration of Sentiments</a> that had been first adopted by the Seneca Falls Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony did not take part in either of these conventions because she had moved to <a href="/wiki/Canajoharie_(village),_New_York" title="Canajoharie (village), New York">Canajoharie</a> in 1846 to be headmistress of the female department of the Canajoharie Academy. Away from Quaker influences for the first time in her life, at the age of 26 she began to replace her plain clothing with more stylish dresses, and she quit using "thee" and other forms of speech traditionally used by Quakers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was interested in social reform, and she was distressed at being paid much less than men with similar jobs, but she was amused at her father's enthusiasm over the Rochester women's rights convention. She later explained, "I wasn't ready to vote, didn't want to vote, but I did want equal pay for equal work."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Canajoharie Academy closed in 1849, Anthony took over the operation of the family farm in Rochester so her father could devote more time to his insurance business. She worked at this task for a couple of years but found herself increasingly drawn to reform activity. With her parents' support, she was soon fully engaged in reform work.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the rest of her life, she lived almost entirely on fees she earned as a speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism">Activism</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_social_activism">Early social activism</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:40%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Cautious, careful people, always casting about to preserve their reputation and social standing, never can bring about a reform. Those who are really in earnest must be willing to be anything or nothing in the world's estimation, and publicly and privately, in season and out, avow their sympathy with despised and persecuted ideas and their advocates, and bear the consequences. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Susan B. Anthony, 1860<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Anthony embarked on her career of social reform with energy and determination. Schooling herself in reform issues, she found herself drawn to the more radical ideas of people like <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Thompson_(abolitionist)" title="George Thompson (abolitionist)">George Thompson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a>. Soon she was wearing the controversial <a href="/wiki/Bloomers_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomers (clothing)">Bloomer dress</a>, consisting of pantaloons worn under a knee-length dress. Although she felt it was more sensible than the traditional heavy dresses that dragged the ground, she reluctantly quit wearing it after a year because it gave her opponents the opportunity to focus on her apparel rather than her ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Partnership_with_Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton">Partnership with Elizabeth Cady Stanton</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_by_HB_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_by_HB_Hall.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_by_HB_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_by_HB_Hall.jpg/330px-Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_by_HB_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_by_HB_Hall.jpg/440px-Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_by_HB_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>Elizabeth Cady Stanton</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1851, Anthony was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a>, who had been one of the organizers of the <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention" title="Seneca Falls Convention">Seneca Falls Convention</a> and had introduced the controversial resolution in support of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>. Anthony and Stanton were introduced by <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a>, a feminist and mutual acquaintance. Anthony and Stanton soon became close friends and co-workers, forming a relationship that was pivotal for them and for the women's movement as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Stantons moved from Seneca Falls to New York City in 1861, a room was set aside for Anthony in every house they lived in.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Stanton's biographers estimated that over her lifetime, Stanton probably spent more time with Anthony than with any other adult, including her own husband.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two women had complementary skills. Anthony excelled at organizing, while Stanton had an aptitude for intellectual matters and writing. Anthony was dissatisfied with her own writing ability and wrote relatively little for publication. When historians illustrate her thoughts with direct quotes, they usually take them from her speeches, letters, and diary entries.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Stanton was homebound with seven children while Anthony was unmarried and free to travel, Anthony assisted Stanton by supervising her children while Stanton wrote. One of Anthony's biographers said, "Susan became one of the family and was almost another mother to Mrs. Stanton's children."<sup id="cite_ref-barry-64_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barry-64-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A biography of Stanton says that during the early years of their relationship, "Stanton provided the ideas, rhetoric, and strategy; Anthony delivered the speeches, circulated petitions, and rented the halls. Anthony prodded and Stanton produced."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stanton's husband said, "Susan stirred the puddings, Elizabeth stirred up Susan, and then Susan stirs up the world!"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stanton herself said, "I forged the thunderbolts, she fired them."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1854, Anthony and Stanton "had perfected a collaboration that made the New York State movement the most sophisticated in the country", according to <a href="/wiki/Ann_D._Gordon" title="Ann D. Gordon">Ann D. Gordon</a>, a professor of women's history.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temperance_activities">Temperance activities</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Temperance movement in the United States">Temperance</a> was very much a women's rights issue at that time because of laws that gave husbands complete control of the family and its finances. A woman with a drunken husband had little legal recourse even if his alcoholism left the family destitute and he was abusive to her and their children. If she obtained a divorce, which was difficult to do, he could easily end up with sole guardianship of the children.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While teaching in Canajoharie, Anthony joined the Daughters of Temperance and in 1849 gave her first public speech at one of its meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1852, she was elected as a delegate to the state temperance convention, but the chairman stopped her when she tried to speak, saying that women delegates were there only to listen and learn. Anthony and some other women immediately walked out and announced a meeting of their own, which created a committee to organize a women's state convention. Largely organized by Anthony, the convention of 500 women met in Rochester in April and created the Women's State Temperance Society, with Stanton as president and Anthony as state agent.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony and her co-workers collected 28,000 signatures on a petition for a law to prohibit the sale of alcohol in New York State. She organized a hearing on that law before the New York legislature, the first that had been initiated in that state by a group of women.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the organization's convention the following year, however, conservative members attacked Stanton's advocacy of the right of a wife of an alcoholic to obtain a divorce. Stanton was voted out as president, whereupon she and Anthony resigned from the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1853, Anthony attended the World's Temperance Convention in New York City, which bogged down for three chaotic days in a dispute about whether women would be allowed to speak there.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years later, Anthony observed, "No advanced step taken by women has been so bitterly contested as that of speaking in public. For nothing which they have attempted, not even to secure the suffrage, have they been so abused, condemned and antagonized."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this period, Anthony focused her energy on abolitionist and women's rights activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teachers'_conventions"><span id="Teachers.27_conventions"></span>Teachers' conventions</h4></div> <p>When Anthony tried to speak at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Teachers%27_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Teachers' Association">New York State Teachers' Association</a> meeting in 1853, her attempt sparked a half-hour debate among the men about whether it was proper for women to speak in public. Finally allowed to continue, Anthony said, "Do you not see that so long as society says a woman is incompetent to be a lawyer, minister, or doctor, but has ample ability to be a teacher, that every man of you who chooses this profession tacitly acknowledges that he has no more brains than a woman."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 1857 teacher's convention, she introduced a resolution calling for the admission of black people to public schools and colleges, but it was rejected as "not a proper subject for discussion".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she introduced another resolution calling for males and females to be educated together at all levels, including colleges, it was fiercely opposed and decisively rejected. One opponent called the idea "a vast social evil... the first step in the school which seeks to abolish marriage, and behind this picture I see a monster of social deformity."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony continued to speak at state teachers' conventions for several years, insisting that women teachers should receive equal pay with men and serve as officers and committee members within the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_women's_rights_activities"><span id="Early_women.27s_rights_activities"></span>Early women's rights activities</h4></div> <p>Anthony's work for the women's rights movement began at a time when that movement was already gathering momentum. Stanton had helped organize the <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention" title="Seneca Falls Convention">Seneca Falls Convention</a> in 1848, a local event that was the first women's rights convention. In 1850, the first in a series of <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Rights_Convention" title="National Women's Rights Convention">National Women's Rights Conventions</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>. In 1852, Anthony attended her first National Women's Rights Convention, which was held in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse, New York</a>, where she served as one of the convention's secretaries.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Ida_Husted_Harper" title="Ida Husted Harper">Ida Husted Harper</a>, Anthony's authorized biographer, "Miss Anthony came away from the Syracuse convention thoroughly convinced that the right which woman needed above every other, the one indeed which would secure to her all others, was the right of suffrage."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suffrage, however, did not become the main focus of her work for several more years. </p><p>A major hindrance to the women's movement was a lack of money. Few women at that time had an independent source of income, and even those with employment generally were required by law to turn over their pay to their husbands.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partly through the efforts of the women's movement, a law had been passed in New York in 1848 that recognized some rights for married women, but that law was limited. In 1853, Anthony worked with <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Channing" title="William Henry Channing">William Henry Channing</a>, her activist <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian</a> minister, to organize a convention in Rochester to launch a state campaign for improved property rights for married women, which Anthony would lead. She took her lecture and petition campaign into almost every county in New York during the winter of 1855 despite the difficulty of traveling in snowy terrain in horse and buggy days.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When she presented the petitions to the New York State Senate Judiciary Committee, its members told her that men were actually the oppressed sex because they did such things as giving women the best seats in carriages. Noting cases in which the petition had been signed by both husbands and wives (instead of the husband signing for both, which was the standard procedure), the committee's official report sarcastically recommended that the petitioners seek a law authorizing the husbands in such marriages to wear petticoats and the wives trousers.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign finally achieved success in 1860 when the legislature passed an improved <a href="/wiki/Married_Women%27s_Property_Acts_in_the_United_States" title="Married Women's Property Acts in the United States">Married Women's Property Act</a> that gave married women the right to own separate property, enter into contracts and be the joint guardian of their children. The legislature rolled back much of this law in 1862, however, during a period when the women's movement was largely inactive because of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The women's movement was loosely structured at that time, with few state organizations and no national organization other than a coordinating committee that arranged annual conventions.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a>, who did much of the organizational work for the national conventions, encouraged Anthony to take over some of the responsibility for them. Anthony resisted at first, feeling that she was needed more in the field of anti-slavery activities. After organizing a series of anti-slavery meetings in the winter of 1857, Anthony told a friend that, "the experience of the last winter is worth more to me than all my temperance and woman's rights work, though the latter were the school necessary to bring me into the antislavery work."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a planning session for the 1858 women's rights convention, Stone, who had recently given birth, told Anthony that her new family responsibilities would prevent her from organizing conventions until her children were older. Anthony presided at the 1858 convention, and when the planning committee for national conventions was reorganized, Stanton became its president and Anthony its secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony continued to be heavily involved in anti-slavery work at the same time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-slavery_activities">Anti-slavery activities</h4></div> <p>In 1837, at age 16, Anthony collected petitions against slavery as part of organized resistance to the newly established <a href="/wiki/Gag_rule#United_States" title="Gag rule">gag rule</a> that prohibited anti-slavery petitions in the U.S. House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1851, she played a key role in organizing an anti-slavery convention in Rochester.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also part of the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>. An entry in her diary in 1861 read, "Fitted out a fugitive slave for Canada with the help of <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_B_Anthony_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Susan_B_Anthony_2.jpg/220px-Susan_B_Anthony_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Susan_B_Anthony_2.jpg/330px-Susan_B_Anthony_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Susan_B_Anthony_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Susan B. Anthony</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1856, Anthony agreed to become the New York State agent for the <a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Slavery_Society" title="American Anti-Slavery Society">American Anti-Slavery Society</a> with the understanding that she would also continue her advocacy of women's rights.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony organized anti-slavery meetings throughout the state under banners that read "No compromise with slaveholders. Immediate and Unconditional Emancipation."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1859, <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> was executed for leading a violent <a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">raid on the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry</a> in what was intended to be the beginning of an armed slave uprising. Anthony organized and presided over a meeting of "mourning and indignation" in Rochester's <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_Hall_(Rochester,_New_York)" title="Corinthian Hall (Rochester, New York)">Corinthian Hall</a> on the day of his execution to raise money for Brown's family.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She developed a reputation for fearlessness in facing down attempts to disrupt her meetings, but opposition became overwhelming on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. Mob action shut down her meetings in every town from Buffalo to Albany in early 1861. In Rochester, the police had to escort Anthony and other speakers from the building for their own safety.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Syracuse, according to a local newspaper, "Rotten eggs were thrown, benches broken, and knives and pistols gleamed in every direction."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony expressed a vision of a racially integrated society that was radical for a time when abolitionists were debating the question of what was to become of the slaves after they were freed, and when people like <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> were calling for African Americans to be shipped to newly established colonies in Africa. In a speech in 1861, Anthony said, "Let us open to the colored man all our schools ... Let us admit him into all our mechanic shops, stores, offices, and lucrative business avocations ... let him rent such pew in the church, and occupy such seat in the theatre ... Extend to him all the rights of Citizenship."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relatively small women's rights movement of that time was closely associated with the American Anti-Slavery Society led by <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a>. The women's movement depended heavily on abolitionist resources, with its articles published in their newspapers and some of its funding provided by abolitionists.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was tension, however, between leaders of the women's movement and male abolitionists who, although supporters of increased women's rights, believed that a vigorous campaign for women's rights would interfere with the campaign against slavery. In 1860, when Anthony sheltered a woman who had fled an abusive husband, Garrison insisted that the woman give up the child she had brought with her, pointing out that the law gave husbands complete control of children. Anthony reminded Garrison that he helped slaves escape to Canada in violation of the law and said, "Well, the law which gives the father ownership of the children is just as wicked and I'll break it just as quickly."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Stanton introduced a resolution at the National Woman's Rights Convention in 1860 favoring more lenient divorce laws, leading abolitionist <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips" title="Wendell Phillips">Wendell Phillips</a> not only opposed it but attempted to have it removed from the record.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Stanton, Anthony, and others supported a bill before the New York legislature that would permit divorce in cases of desertion or inhuman treatment, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a>, an abolitionist newspaper publisher, campaigned against it in the pages of his newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Garrison, Phillips and Greeley had all provided valuable help to the women's movement. In a letter to <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a>, Anthony said, "The Men, even the <i>best</i> of them, seem to think the Women's Rights question should be waived for the present. So let us do our own work, and in our own way."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 13, 1928, Representative <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hillyer_Brand" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Hillyer Brand">Charles Hillyer Brand</a> gave a "brief statement of the life and activities" of Anthony—partly titled "militant suffragist"—in which he noted that in 1861, Anthony was "persuaded to give up preparations for the annual women's rights convention to concentrate on work to win the war, though she was not misled by the sophistry that the rights of women would be recognized after the war if they helped to end it."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_Loyal_National_League"><span id="Women.27s_Loyal_National_League"></span>Women's Loyal National League</h3></div> <p>Anthony and Stanton organized the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Loyal_National_League" title="Women's Loyal National League">Women's Loyal National League</a> in 1863 to campaign for an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a> that would abolish slavery. It was the first national women's political organization in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the largest petition drive in the nation's history up to that time, the League collected nearly 400,000 signatures to abolish slavery, representing approximately one out of every twenty-four adults in the Northern states.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The petition drive significantly assisted the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Thirteenth Amendment</a>, which ended slavery. Anthony was the chief organizer of this effort, which involved recruiting and coordinating some 2000 petition collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The League provided the women's movement with a vehicle for combining the fight against slavery with the fight for women's rights by reminding the public that petitioning was the only political tool available to women at a time when only men were allowed to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a membership of 5000, it helped develop a new generation of women leaders, providing experience and recognition for not only Stanton and Anthony but also newcomers like <a href="/wiki/Anna_Elizabeth_Dickinson" title="Anna Elizabeth Dickinson">Anna Dickinson</a>, a gifted teenaged orator.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The League demonstrated the value of formal structure to a women's movement that had resisted being anything other than loosely organized up to that point.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widespread network of women activists who assisted the League expanded the pool of talent that was available to reform movements, including the women's suffrage movement, after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Equal_Rights_Association">American Equal Rights Association</h3></div> <p>Anthony stayed with her brother <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Read_Anthony" title="Daniel Read Anthony">Daniel</a> in Kansas for eight months in 1865 to assist with his newspaper. She headed back east after she learned that an amendment to the U.S. Constitution had been proposed that would provide citizenship for African Americans but would also for the first time introduce the word "male" into the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony supported citizenship for blacks but opposed any attempt to link it with a reduction in the status of women. Her ally Stanton agreed, saying "if that word 'male' be inserted, it will take us a century at least to get it out."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony and Stanton worked to revive the women's rights movement, which had become nearly dormant during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. In 1866, they organized the Eleventh <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Rights_Convention" title="National Women's Rights Convention">National Women's Rights Convention</a>, the first since the Civil War began.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unanimously adopting a resolution introduced by Anthony, the convention voted to transform itself into the <a href="/wiki/American_Equal_Rights_Association" title="American Equal Rights Association">American Equal Rights Association</a> (AERA), whose purpose was to campaign for the equal rights of all citizens, especially the right of suffrage.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leadership of the new organization included such prominent activists as <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AERA's drive for <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> was resisted by some abolitionist leaders and their allies in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">Republican Party</a>. During the period before the 1867 convention to revise the New York state constitution, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a>, a prominent newspaper editor, told Anthony and Stanton, "This is a critical period for the Republican Party and the life of our Nation... I conjure you to remember that this is 'the negro's hour,' and your first duty now is to go through the State and plead his claims."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abolitionist leaders <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips" title="Wendell Phillips">Wendell Phillips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Tilton" title="Theodore Tilton">Theodore Tilton</a> met with Anthony and Stanton in the office of the <a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Slavery_Standard" title="National Anti-Slavery Standard">National Anti-Slavery Standard</a>, a leading abolitionist newspaper. The two men tried to convince the two women that the time had not yet come for women's suffrage, that they should campaign not for voting rights for both women and African Americans in the revised state constitution but for voting rights for black men only. According to <a href="/wiki/Ida_Husted_Harper" title="Ida Husted Harper">Ida Husted Harper</a>, Anthony's authorized biographer, Anthony "was highly indignant and declared that she would sooner cut off her right hand than ask the ballot for the black man and not for woman."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony and Stanton continued to work for the inclusion of suffrage for both African Americans and women. </p><p>In 1867, the AERA campaigned in Kansas for <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendums</a> that would <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">enfranchise</a> both African Americans and women. <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips" title="Wendell Phillips">Wendell Phillips</a>, who opposed mixing those two causes, blocked the funding that the AERA had expected for their campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After an internal struggle, Kansas Republicans decided to support suffrage for black men only and formed an "Anti Female Suffrage Committee" to oppose the AERA's efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of summer, the AERA campaign had almost collapsed, and its finances were exhausted. Anthony and Stanton created a storm of controversy by accepting help during the last days of the campaign from <a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Train" title="George Francis Train">George Francis Train</a>, a wealthy businessman who supported women's rights. Train antagonized many activists by attacking the Republican Party and openly disparaging the integrity and intelligence of African Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is reason to believe, however, that Anthony and Stanton hoped to draw the volatile Train away from his cruder forms of racism, and that he had actually begun to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Kansas campaign, the AERA increasingly divided into two wings, both advocating universal suffrage but with different approaches. One wing, whose leading figure was Lucy Stone, was willing for black men to achieve suffrage first and wanted to maintain close ties with the Republican Party and the abolitionist movement. The other, whose leading figures were Anthony and Stanton, insisted that women and black men should be enfranchised at the same time and worked toward a politically independent women's movement that would no longer be dependent on abolitionists.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AERA effectively dissolved after an acrimonious meeting in May 1869, and two competing woman suffrage organizations were created in its aftermath.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Revolution"><i>The Revolution</i></h3></div> <p>Anthony and Stanton began publishing a weekly newspaper called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_(newspaper)" title="The Revolution (newspaper)">The Revolution</a></i> in New York City in 1868. It focused primarily on women's rights, especially suffrage for women, but it also covered other topics, including politics, the labor movement and finance. Its motto was "Men, their rights and nothing more: women, their rights and nothing less."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its goals was to provide a forum in which women could exchange opinions on key issues from a variety of viewpoints. Anthony managed the business aspects of the paper while Stanton was co-editor along with <a href="/wiki/Parker_Pillsbury" title="Parker Pillsbury">Parker Pillsbury</a>, an abolitionist and a supporter of women's rights. Initial funding was provided by <a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Train" title="George Francis Train">George Francis Train</a>, the controversial businessman who supported women's rights but who alienated many activists with his political and racial views.<sup id="cite_ref-rakow-14-18_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rakow-14-18-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Printing_House_Square,_New_York_City.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Printing_House_Square%2C_New_York_City.png/220px-Printing_House_Square%2C_New_York_City.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Printing_House_Square%2C_New_York_City.png/330px-Printing_House_Square%2C_New_York_City.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Printing_House_Square%2C_New_York_City.png/440px-Printing_House_Square%2C_New_York_City.png 2x" data-file-width="2196" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption>Printing House Square in Manhattan in 1868, showing the sign for <i>The Revolution</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s office at the far right below <i>The World</i> and above <i>Scientific American</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, major periodicals associated with the radical social reform movements had either become more conservative or had quit publishing or soon would.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony intended for <i>The Revolution</i> to partially fill that void, hoping to grow it eventually into a daily paper with its own printing press, all owned and operated by women.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The funding Train had arranged for the newspaper, however, was less than Anthony had expected. Moreover, Train sailed for England after <i>The Revolution</i> published its first issue and was soon jailed for supporting Irish independence.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Train's financial support eventually disappeared entirely. After twenty-nine months, mounting debts forced Anthony to transfer the paper to <a href="/wiki/Laura_Curtis_Bullard" title="Laura Curtis Bullard">Laura Curtis Bullard</a>, a wealthy women's rights activist who gave it a less radical tone. The paper published its last issue less than two years later.<sup id="cite_ref-rakow-14-18_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rakow-14-18-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its short life, <i>The Revolution</i> gave Anthony and Stanton a means for expressing their views during the developing split within the women's movement. It also helped them promote their wing of the movement, which eventually became a separate organization.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempted_alliance_with_labor">Attempted alliance with labor</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Union" title="National Labor Union">National Labor Union</a> (NLU), which was formed in 1866, began reaching out to farmers, African Americans and women, with the intention of forming a broad-based political party.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Revolution</i> responded enthusiastically, declaring, "The principles of the National Labor Union are our principles."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It predicted that "The producers—the working-men, the women, the negroes—are destined to form a triple power that shall speedily wrest the sceptre of government from the non-producers—the land monopolists, the bond-holders, the politicians."<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony and Stanton were seated as delegates to the NLU Congress in 1868, with Anthony representing the <a href="/wiki/Working_Women%27s_Association" title="Working Women's Association">Working Women's Association</a> (WWA), which had recently been formed in the offices of <i>The Revolution</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The attempted alliance did not last long. During a printers' <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> in 1869, Anthony voiced approval of an employer-sponsored training program that would teach women skills that would enable them in effect to replace the strikers. Anthony viewed the program as an opportunity to increase employment of women in a trade from which women were often excluded by both employers and unions. At the next NLU Congress, Anthony was first seated as a delegate but then unseated because of strong opposition from those who accused her of supporting <a href="/wiki/Strikebreakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Strikebreakers">strikebreakers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony worked with the WWA to form all-female labor unions, but with little success. She accomplished more in her work with the joint campaign by the WWA and <i>The Revolution</i> to win a pardon for <a href="/wiki/Hester_Vaughn" title="Hester Vaughn">Hester Vaughn</a>, a domestic worker who had been found guilty of <a href="/wiki/Infanticide" title="Infanticide">infanticide</a> and sentenced to death. Charging that the social and legal systems treated women unfairly, the WWA petitioned, organized a mass meeting at which Anthony was one of the speakers, and sent delegations to visit Vaughn in prison and to speak with the governor. Vaughn was eventually pardoned.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally with a membership that included over a hundred wage-earning women, the WWA evolved into an organization consisting almost entirely of journalists, doctors and other middle-class working women. Its members formed the core of the New York City portion of the new national suffrage organization that Anthony and Stanton were in the process of forming.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Split_in_the_women's_movement"><span id="Split_in_the_women.27s_movement"></span>Split in the women's movement</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3a52946r_Susan_B_Anthony.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/3a52946r_Susan_B_Anthony.tif/lossy-page1-180px-3a52946r_Susan_B_Anthony.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/3a52946r_Susan_B_Anthony.tif/lossy-page1-270px-3a52946r_Susan_B_Anthony.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/3a52946r_Susan_B_Anthony.tif/lossy-page1-360px-3a52946r_Susan_B_Anthony.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Susan B. Anthony, 1870</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1869, two days after the final AERA convention, Anthony, Stanton and others formed the <a href="/wiki/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National Woman Suffrage Association">National Woman Suffrage Association</a> (NWSA). In November 1869, <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a> and others formed the competing <a href="/wiki/American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="American Woman Suffrage Association">American Woman Suffrage Association</a> (AWSA). The hostile nature of their rivalry created a partisan atmosphere that endured for decades, affecting even professional historians of the women's movement.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The immediate cause for the split was the proposed <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifteenth Amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a>, which would prohibit the denial of suffrage because of race. In one of her most controversial actions, Anthony campaigned against the amendment. She and Stanton called for women and African Americans to be enfranchised at the same time. They said that by effectively <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">enfranchising</a> all men while excluding all women, the amendment would create an "aristocracy of sex" by giving constitutional authority to the idea that men were superior to women.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1873, Anthony said, "An oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor; an oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant; or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but surely this oligarchy of sex, which makes the men of every household sovereigns, masters; the women subjects, slaves; carrying dissension, rebellion into every home of the Nation, cannot be endured."<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AWSA supported the amendment, but Lucy Stone, who became its most prominent leader, also made it clear that she believed that suffrage for women would be more beneficial to the country than suffrage for black men.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two organizations had other differences as well. The NWSA was politically independent, but the AWSA at least initially aimed for close ties with the Republican Party, hoping that the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment would lead to a Republican push for women's suffrage. The NWSA focused primarily on winning suffrage at the national level while the AWSA pursued a state-by-state strategy. The NWSA initially worked on a wider range of women's issues than the AWSA, including divorce reform and <a href="/wiki/Equal_pay_for_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal pay for women">equal pay for women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Events soon removed much of the basis for the split in the women's movement. In 1870, debate about the Fifteenth Amendment was made irrelevant when that amendment was officially ratified. In 1872, disgust with corruption in government led to a mass defection of abolitionists and other social reformers from the Republicans to the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1875, Anthony began urging the NWSA to focus more exclusively on women's suffrage rather than a variety of women's issues.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rivalry between the two women's groups was so bitter, however, that a merger proved to be impossible for twenty years. The AWSA, which was especially strong in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, was the larger of the two organizations, but it began to decline in strength during the 1880s.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1890, the two organizations merged as the <a href="/wiki/National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National American Woman Suffrage Association">National American Woman Suffrage Association</a> (NAWSA), with Stanton as president but with Anthony as its effective leader. When Stanton retired from her post in 1892, Anthony became NAWSA's president.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_suffrage_movement">National suffrage movement</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Letter_by_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Support_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_page_1_of_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_by_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Support_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_page_1_of_2.jpg/220px-Letter_by_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Support_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_page_1_of_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="453" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_by_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Support_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_page_1_of_2.jpg/330px-Letter_by_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Support_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_page_1_of_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Letter_by_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Support_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_page_1_of_2.jpg/440px-Letter_by_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Support_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_page_1_of_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Letter by Susan B. Anthony to US Congress in favor of Women's Suffrage</figcaption></figure> <p>"By the end of the Civil War," according to historian <a href="/wiki/Ann_D._Gordon" title="Ann D. Gordon">Ann D. Gordon</a>, "Susan B. Anthony occupied new social and political territory. She was emerging on the national scene as a female leader, something new in American history, and she did so as a single woman in a culture that perceived the spinster as anomalous and unguarded ... By the 1880s, she was among the senior political figures in the United States."<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the formation of the NWSA, Anthony dedicated herself fully to the organization and to women's suffrage. She did not draw a salary from either it or its successor, the NAWSA, but on the contrary used her lecture fees to fund those organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherr_1995,_pp._226–27_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherr_1995,_pp._226–27-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no national office, the mailing address being simply that of one of the officers.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That Anthony had remained unmarried gave her an important business advantage in this work. A married woman at that time had the legal status of <a href="/wiki/Coverture" title="Coverture"><i>feme covert</i></a>, which, among other things, excluded her from signing contracts (her husband could do that for her, if he chose). As Anthony had no husband, she was a <a href="/wiki/Coverture" title="Coverture"><i>feme sole</i></a> and could freely sign contracts for convention halls, printed materials, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using fees she earned by lecturing, she paid off the debts she had accumulated while supporting <i>The Revolution</i>. With the press treating her as a celebrity, she proved to be a major draw.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over her career she estimated that she averaged 75 to 100 speeches per year. Travel conditions in the earlier days were sometimes appalling. Once she gave a speech from the top of a billiard table. On another occasion her train was snowbound for days, and she survived on crackers and dried fish.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Anthony and Stanton joined the lecture circuit about 1870, usually traveling from mid-autumn to spring. The timing was right because the nation was beginning to discuss women's suffrage as a serious matter. Occasionally they traveled together but most often not. Lecture bureaus scheduled their tours and handled the travel arrangements, which generally involved traveling during the day and speaking at night, sometimes for weeks at a time, including weekends. Their lectures brought new recruits into the movement who strengthened suffrage organizations at the local, state and national levels. Their journeys during that decade covered a distance that was unmatched by any other reformer or politician.<sup id="cite_ref-gordon_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gordon-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony's other suffrage work included organizing national conventions, lobbying Congress and state legislatures, and participating in a seemingly endless series of state suffrage campaigns. </p><p>A special opportunity arose in 1876 when the U.S. celebrated its 100th birthday as an independent country. The NWSA asked permission to present a Declaration of Rights for Women at the official ceremony in Philadelphia, but was refused. Undaunted, five women, headed by Anthony, walked onto the platform during the ceremony and handed their Declaration to the startled official in charge. As they left, they handed out copies of it to the crowd. Spotting an unoccupied bandstand outside the hall, Anthony mounted it and read the Declaration to a large crowd. Afterwards she invited everyone to a NWSA convention at the nearby Unitarian church where speakers like <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> awaited them.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The work of all segments of the women's suffrage movement began to show clear results. Women won the right to vote in Wyoming in 1869 and in Utah in 1870. Her lectures in Washington and four other states led directly to invitations for her to address the state legislatures there.<sup id="cite_ref-gordon_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gordon-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Grange_of_the_Order_of_Patrons_of_Husbandry" title="National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry">The Grange</a>, a large advocacy group for farmers, officially supported women's suffrage as early as 1885. The <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Christian Temperance Union">Women's Christian Temperance Union</a>, the largest women's organization in the country, also supported <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony's commitment to the movement, her spartan lifestyle, and the fact that she did not seek personal financial gain, made her an effective fund-raiser and won her the admiration of many who did not agree with her goals.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherr_1995,_pp._226–27_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherr_1995,_pp._226–27-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As her reputation grew, her working and travel conditions improved. She sometimes had the use of the private railroad car of <a href="/wiki/Jane_Stanford" title="Jane Stanford">Jane Stanford</a>, a sympathizer whose husband owned a major railroad. While lobbying and preparing for the annual suffrage conventions in Washington, she was provided with a free suite of rooms in the Riggs Hotel, whose owners supported her work.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To ensure continuity, Anthony trained a group of younger activists, who were known as her "nieces," to assume leadership roles within the organization. Two of them, <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a>, served as presidents of the NAWSA after Anthony retired from that position.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States_v._Susan_B._Anthony"><i>United States v. Susan B. Anthony</i><span class="anchor" id="United_States_v._Susan_B._Anthony"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Susan_B._Anthony" title="Trial of Susan B. Anthony">Trial of Susan B. Anthony</a></div> <p>The NWSA convention of 1871 adopted a strategy of urging women to attempt to vote, and then, after being turned away, to file suits in federal courts to challenge laws that prevented women from voting. The legal basis for the challenge would be the recently adopted <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a>, part of which reads: "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the example set by Anthony and her sisters shortly before election day, a total of nearly fifty women in Rochester registered to vote in the <a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">presidential election of 1872</a>. On election day, Anthony and fourteen other women from her <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">ward</a> convinced the election inspectors to allow them to cast ballots, but women in other wards were turned back.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony was arrested on November 18, 1872, by a U.S. Deputy Marshal and charged with illegally voting. The other women who had voted were also arrested but released pending the outcome of Anthony's trial.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony's trial generated a national controversy and became a major step in the transition of the broader women's rights movement into the women's suffrage movement.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony spoke throughout <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe County, New York</a>, where her trial was to be held and from where the jurors for her trial would be chosen. Her speech was entitled "Is it a Crime for a U.S. Citizen to Vote?" She said, "We no longer petition Legislature or Congress to give us the right to vote. We appeal to women everywhere to exercise their too long neglected 'citizen's right to vote.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. Attorney arranged for the trial to be moved to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_circuit_court" title="United States circuit court">federal circuit court</a>, which would soon sit in neighboring Ontario County with a jury drawn from that county's inhabitants. Anthony responded by speaking throughout that county also before the trial began.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Responsibility for that federal circuit was in the hands of Justice <a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt" title="Ward Hunt">Ward Hunt</a>, who had recently been appointed to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a>. Hunt had never served as a trial judge; originally a politician, he had begun his judicial career by being elected to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trial, <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Susan_B._Anthony" title="Trial of Susan B. Anthony">United States v. Susan B. Anthony</a></i>, began on June 17, 1873, and was closely followed by the national press. Following a rule of <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> at that time which prevented criminal defendants in federal courts from testifying, Hunt refused to allow Anthony to speak until the verdict had been delivered. On the second day of the trial, after both sides had presented their cases, Justice Hunt delivered his lengthy opinion, which he had put in writing. In the most controversial aspect of the trial, Hunt directed the jury to deliver a guilty verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the second day of the trial, Hunt asked Anthony if she had anything to say. She responded with "the most famous speech in the history of the agitation for woman suffrage", according to <a href="/wiki/Ann_D._Gordon" title="Ann D. Gordon">Ann D. Gordon</a>, a historian of the women's movement.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Repeatedly ignoring the judge's order to stop talking and sit down, she protested what she called "this high-handed outrage upon my citizen's rights", saying, "you have trampled under foot every vital principle of our government. My natural rights, my civil rights, my political rights, my judicial rights, are all alike ignored."<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon-2005-46_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon-2005-46-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She castigated Justice Hunt for denying her a trial by jury, but said that even if he had allowed the jury to discuss the case, she still would have been denied a trial by a jury of her peers because women were not allowed to be jurors.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon-2005-46_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon-2005-46-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:40%; border-width: 1px; font-size: 100%; color: #202122;background-color: #fafafa;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #fafafa; color: #202060;">On the centennial of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a></div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:15px;"><span class="nowrap">     </span> I stand before you tonight a convicted criminal... convicted by a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> Judge... and sentenced to pay $100 fine and costs. For what? For asserting my right to representation in a government, based upon the one idea of the right of every person governed to participate in that government. This is the result at the close of 100 years of this government, that I, a native born American citizen, am found guilty of neither lunacy nor idiocy, but of a crime—simply because I exercised our right to vote.</span> </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Speech to the Union League Club, N.Y.<br />December 16, 1873<sup id="cite_ref-NYHerald_TeaPartySpeech_18731217_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYHerald_TeaPartySpeech_18731217-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>When Justice Hunt sentenced Anthony to pay a fine of $100 (equivalent to $2,500 in 2023), she responded, "I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty",<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she never did. If Hunt had ordered her to be jailed until she paid the fine, Anthony could have taken her case to the Supreme Court. Hunt instead announced he would not order her taken into custody, closing off that legal avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. Supreme Court in 1875 put an end to the strategy of trying to achieve women's suffrage through the court system when it ruled in <i><a href="/wiki/Minor_v._Happersett" title="Minor v. Happersett">Minor v. Happersett</a></i> that "the Constitution of the United States does not confer the right of suffrage upon anyone".<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NWSA decided to pursue the far more difficult strategy of campaigning for a constitutional amendment to achieve voting rights for women. </p><p>On August 18, 2020—the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment—President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> announced that he would pardon Anthony, 148 years after her conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president of the <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_House" title="Susan B. Anthony House">National Susan B. Anthony Museum and House</a> wrote to "decline" the offer of a pardon on the principle that, to accept a pardon would wrongly "validate" the trial proceedings in the same manner that paying the $100 fine would have.<sup id="cite_ref-MuseumDeclinesPardon_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MuseumDeclinesPardon-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_of_Woman_Suffrage"><i>History of Woman Suffrage</i></h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_Magazine_1913-02-20_ppmsca.02943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Life_Magazine_1913-02-20_ppmsca.02943.jpg/170px-Life_Magazine_1913-02-20_ppmsca.02943.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Life_Magazine_1913-02-20_ppmsca.02943.jpg/255px-Life_Magazine_1913-02-20_ppmsca.02943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Life_Magazine_1913-02-20_ppmsca.02943.jpg/340px-Life_Magazine_1913-02-20_ppmsca.02943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine in 1913. Titled "Ancient History", it shows an Anthony-like figure in classical dress leading a protest for women's rights</figcaption></figure> <p>Anthony and Stanton initiated the project of writing a history of the women's suffrage movement in 1876. Anthony had for years saved letters, newspaper clippings, and other materials of historical value to the women's movement. In 1876, she moved into the Stanton household in New Jersey along with several trunks and boxes of these materials to begin working with Stanton on the <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Woman_Suffrage" title="History of Woman Suffrage">History of Woman Suffrage</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony hated this type of work. In her letters, she said the project "makes me feel growly all the time ... No warhorse ever panted for the rush of battle more than I for outside work. I love to make history but hate to write it."<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work absorbed much of her time for several years although she continued to work on other women's suffrage activities. She acted as her own publisher, which presented several problems, including finding space for the inventory. She was forced to limit the number of books she was storing in the attic of her sister's house because the weight was threatening to collapse the structure.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally envisioned as a modest publication that could be produced quickly,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the history evolved into a six-volume work of more than 5700 pages written over a period of 41 years. The first three volumes, which cover the movement up to 1885, were published between 1881 and 1886 and were produced by Stanton, Anthony and <a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a>. Anthony handled the production details and the extensive correspondence with contributors. Anthony published Volume 4, which covers the period from 1883 to 1900, in 1902, after Stanton's death, with the help of <a href="/wiki/Ida_Husted_Harper" title="Ida Husted Harper">Ida Husted Harper</a>, Anthony's designated biographer. The last two volumes, which bring the history up to 1920, were completed in 1922 by Harper after Anthony's death. </p><p>The <i>History of Woman Suffrage</i> preserves an enormous amount of material that might have been lost forever. Written by leaders of one wing of the divided women's movement (Lucy Stone, their main rival, refused to have anything to do with the project), it does not, however, give a balanced view of events where their rivals are concerned. It overstates the role of Anthony and Stanton, and it understates or ignores the roles of Stone and other activists who did not fit into the historical narrative that Anthony and Stanton developed. Because it was for years the main source of documentation about the suffrage movement, historians have had to uncover other sources to provide a more balanced view.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_women's_organizations"><span id="International_women.27s_organizations"></span>International women's organizations</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Council_of_Women">International Council of Women</h4></div> <p>Anthony traveled to Europe in 1883 for a nine-month stay, linking up with Stanton, who had arrived a few months earlier. Together they met with leaders of European women's movements and began the process of creating an international women's organization.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National Woman Suffrage Association">National Woman Suffrage Association</a> (NWSA) agreed to host its founding congress. The preparatory work was handled primarily by Anthony and two of her younger colleagues in the NWSA, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Foster_Avery" title="Rachel Foster Avery">Rachel Foster Avery</a> and <a href="/wiki/May_Wright_Sewall" title="May Wright Sewall">May Wright Sewall</a>. Delegates from fifty-three women's organizations in nine countries met in Washington in 1888 to form the new association, which was called the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Women" title="International Council of Women">International Council of Women</a> (ICW). The delegates represented a wide variety of organizations, including suffrage associations, professional groups, literary clubs, temperance unions, labor leagues and missionary societies. The <a href="/wiki/American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="American Woman Suffrage Association">American Woman Suffrage Association</a>, which had for years been a rival to the NWSA, participated in the congress. Anthony opened the first session of the ICW and presided over most events.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ICW commanded respect at the highest levels. <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">President Cleveland</a> and his wife sponsored a reception at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> for delegates to the ICW's founding congress. The ICW's second congress was an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> held in Chicago in 1893. At its third congress in London in 1899, a reception for the ICW was held at <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>. At its fourth congress in Berlin in 1904, <a href="/wiki/Augusta_Victoria_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein">Augusta Victoria</a>, the German Empress, received the ICW leaders at her palace. Anthony played a prominent role on all four occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Still active, ICW is associated with the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World's_Congress_of_Representative_Women"><span id="World.27s_Congress_of_Representative_Women"></span>World's Congress of Representative Women</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman%27s_Building_(closeup)_designed_by_Sophia_Hayden.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Woman%27s_Building_%28closeup%29_designed_by_Sophia_Hayden.png/220px-Woman%27s_Building_%28closeup%29_designed_by_Sophia_Hayden.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Woman%27s_Building_%28closeup%29_designed_by_Sophia_Hayden.png/330px-Woman%27s_Building_%28closeup%29_designed_by_Sophia_Hayden.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Woman%27s_Building_%28closeup%29_designed_by_Sophia_Hayden.png/440px-Woman%27s_Building_%28closeup%29_designed_by_Sophia_Hayden.png 2x" data-file-width="2405" data-file-height="1499" /></a><figcaption>Woman's Building at the World's Columbian Exposition</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a>, also known as the Chicago World's Fair, was held in 1893. It hosted several world congresses, each dealing with a specialized topic, such as religion, medicine and science.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At almost the last moment, the U.S. Congress decided that the Exposition should also recognize the role of women. After it was over, one of the organizers of the Exposition's congress of women revealed that Anthony had played a pivotal but hidden role in that last-minute decision. Fearing that a public campaign would rouse opposition, Anthony had worked quietly to organize support for this project among women of the political elite. Anthony increased the pressure by covertly initiating a petition that was signed by wives and daughters of Supreme Court judges, senators, cabinet members and other dignitaries.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large structure called the Woman's Building, designed by <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Hayden_Bennett" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia Hayden Bennett">Sophia Hayden Bennett</a>, was constructed to provide meeting and exhibition spaces for women at the Exposition. Two of Anthony's closest associates were appointed to organize the women's congress. They arranged for the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Women" title="International Council of Women">International Council of Women</a> to make its upcoming meeting part of the Exposition by expanding its scope and calling itself the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Congress_of_Representative_Women" title="World's Congress of Representative Women">World's Congress of Representative Women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This week-long congress seated delegates from 27 countries. Its 81 sessions, many held simultaneously, were attended by over 150,000 people, and women's suffrage was discussed at almost every session.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony spoke to large crowds at the Exposition.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bill" title="Buffalo Bill">"Buffalo Bill" Cody</a> invited her as a guest to his Wild West Show, located just outside the Exposition.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the show opened, he rode his horse directly to her and greeted her with dramatic flair. According to a co-worker, Anthony, "for the moment as enthusiastic as a girl, waved her handkerchief at him, while the big audience, catching the spirit of the scene, wildly applauded."<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance">International Woman Suffrage Alliance</h4></div> <p>After Anthony retired as president of the <a href="/wiki/National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National American Woman Suffrage Association">National American Woman Suffrage Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a>, her chosen successor, began working toward an international women's suffrage association, one of Anthony's long-time goals. The existing <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Women" title="International Council of Women">International Council of Women</a> could not be expected to support a campaign for women's suffrage because it was a broad alliance whose more conservative members would object. In 1902, Catt organized a preparatory meeting in Washington, with Anthony as chair, that was attended by delegates from several countries. Organized primarily by Catt, the <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Women" title="International Alliance of Women">International Woman Suffrage Alliance</a> was created in Berlin in 1904. The founding meeting was chaired by Anthony, who was declared to be the new organization's honorary president and first member.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Anthony's authorized biographer, "no event ever gave Miss Anthony such profound satisfaction as this one".<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later renamed the <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Women" title="International Alliance of Women">International Alliance of Women</a>, the organization is still active and is affiliated with the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changing_relationship_with_Stanton">Changing relationship with Stanton</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/170px-Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/255px-Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/340px-Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> (sitting) with Anthony</figcaption></figure> <p>Anthony and Stanton worked together in a close and productive relationship. From 1880 to 1886, they were together almost every day working on the <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Woman_Suffrage" title="History of Woman Suffrage">History of Woman Suffrage</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-griffith-182_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffith-182-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They referred to each other as "Susan" and "Mrs. Stanton".<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony deferred to Stanton in other ways also, not accepting an office in any organization that would place her above Stanton.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice this generally meant that Anthony, although ostensibly holding a less important office, handled most of the organization's daily activities.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stanton sometimes felt the weight of Anthony's determination and drive. When Stanton arrived at an important meeting in 1888 with her speech not yet written, Anthony insisted that Stanton stay in her hotel room until she had written it, and she placed a younger colleague outside her door to make sure she did so.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Anthony's 70th birthday celebration, Stanton teased her by saying, "Well, as all women are supposed to be under the thumb of some man, I prefer a tyrant of my own sex, so I shall not deny the patent fact of my subjection."<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their interests began to diverge somewhat as they grew older. As the drive for women's suffrage gained momentum, Anthony began to form alliances with more conservative groups, such as the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Christian Temperance Union">Women's Christian Temperance Union</a>, the nation's largest women's organization and a supporter of women's suffrage.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such moves irritated Stanton, who said, "I get more radical as I get older, while she seems to grow more conservative."<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1895 Stanton published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman%27s_Bible" title="The Woman's Bible">The Woman's Bible</a></i>, which attacked the use of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> to relegate women to an inferior status. It became a highly controversial best-seller. The NAWSA voted to disavow any connection with it despite Anthony's strong objection that such a move was unnecessary and hurtful.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, Anthony refused to assist with the book's preparation, telling Stanton: "You say 'women must be emancipated from their superstitions before enfranchisement will have any benefit,' and I say just the reverse, that women must be enfranchised before they can be emancipated from their superstitions."<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite such friction, their relationship continued to be close. When Stanton died in 1902, Anthony wrote to a friend: "Oh, this awful hush! It seems impossible that voice is stilled which I have loved to hear for fifty years. Always I have felt I must have Mrs. Stanton's opinion of things before I knew where I stood myself. I am all at sea..."<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg/170px-Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg/255px-Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg/340px-Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>The house that Susan B. Anthony shared with her sister in Rochester. She was arrested here for voting.</figcaption></figure> <p>Having lived for years in hotels and with friends and relatives, Anthony agreed to settle into her sister <a href="/wiki/Mary_Stafford_Anthony" title="Mary Stafford Anthony">Mary Stafford Anthony</a>'s house in Rochester in 1891, at the age of 71.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her energy and stamina, which sometimes exhausted her co-workers, continued at a remarkable level. At age 75, she toured <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> on the back of a mule.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She remained as leader of the NAWSA and continued to travel extensively on suffrage work. She also engaged in local projects. In 1893, she initiated the Rochester branch of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Educational_and_Industrial_Union" title="Women's Educational and Industrial Union">Women's Educational and Industrial Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1898, she called a meeting of 73 local women's societies to form the Rochester Council of Women. She played a key role in raising the funds required by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a> before they would admit women students, pledging her life insurance policy to close the final funding gap.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1896, she spent eight months on the California suffrage campaign, speaking as many as three times per day in more than 30 localities. In 1900, she presided over her last NAWSA convention. During the six remaining years of her life, Anthony spoke at six more NAWSA conventions and four congressional hearings, completed the fourth volume of the <i>History of Woman Suffrage</i>, and traveled to eighteen states and to Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Anthony's fame grew, some politicians (certainly not all of them) were happy to be publicly associated with her. Her seventieth birthday was celebrated at a national event in Washington with prominent members of the House and Senate in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her eightieth birthday was celebrated at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> at the invitation of President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2></div> <p>Susan B. Anthony died at the age of 86 of heart failure and pneumonia in her home in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a>, on March 13, 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was buried at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hope_Cemetery,_Rochester" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester">Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At her birthday celebration in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, a few days earlier, Anthony had spoken of those who had worked with her for women's rights: "There have been others also just as true and devoted to the cause—I wish I could name every one—but with such women consecrating their lives, failure is impossible!"<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Failure is impossible" quickly became a watchword for the women's movement. </p><p>Anthony did not live to see the achievement of women's suffrage at the national level, but she still expressed pride in the progress the women's movement had made. At the time of her death, women had achieved suffrage in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho, and several larger states followed soon after. Legal rights for married women had been established in most states, and most professions had at least a few women members. 36,000 women were attending colleges and universities, up from zero a few decades earlier."<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years before she died, Anthony said, "The world has never witnessed a greater revolution than in the sphere of woman during this fifty years".<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Part of the revolution, in Anthony's view, was in ways of thinking. In a speech in 1889, she noted that women had always been taught that their purpose was to serve men, but "Now, after 40 years of agitation, the idea is beginning to prevail that women were created for themselves, for their own happiness, and for the welfare of the world."<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony was sure that women's suffrage would be achieved, but she also feared that people would forget how difficult it was to achieve it, as they were already forgetting the ordeals of the recent past: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:40%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>We shall someday be heeded, and when we shall have our amendment to the Constitution of the United States, everybody will think it was always so, just exactly as many young people think that all the privileges, all the freedom, all the enjoyments which woman now possesses always were hers. They have no idea of how every single inch of ground that she stands upon today has been gained by the hard work of some little handful of women of the past. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Susan B. Anthony, 1894<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Anthony's death was widely mourned. <a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>, said just before Anthony's death, "A few days ago someone said to me that every woman should stand with bared head before Susan B. Anthony. 'Yes,' I answered, 'and every man as well.' ... For ages he has been trying to carry the burden of life's responsibilities alone... Just now it is new and strange and men cannot comprehend what it would mean but the change is not far away."<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her history of the women's suffrage movement, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Flexner" title="Eleanor Flexner">Eleanor Flexner</a> wrote, "If <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a> typified the moral force of the movement, if <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a> was its most gifted orator and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Mrs. Stanton</a> its most outstanding philosopher, Susan Anthony was its incomparable organizer, who gave it force and direction for half a century."<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Nineteenth Amendment</a>, which prohibited the denial of suffrage because of sex, was colloquially known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After it was ratified in 1920, the <a href="/wiki/National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National American Woman Suffrage Association">National American Woman Suffrage Association</a>, whose character and policies were strongly influenced by Anthony, was transformed into the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Women_Voters" title="League of Women Voters">League of Women Voters</a>, which is still an active force in U.S. politics.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony's papers are held in library collections of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study">Radcliffe Institute</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is the author of a 6 volume work <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Woman_Suffrage" title="History of Woman Suffrage">History of Woman Suffrage</a></i> (1881). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_religion">Views on religion</h3></div> <p>Anthony was raised a <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a>, but her religious heritage was mixed. On her mother's side, her grandmother was a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> and her grandfather was a <a href="/wiki/Universalist_Church_of_America" title="Universalist Church of America">Universalist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was a radical Quaker who chafed under the restrictions of his more conservative congregation. When the Quakers split in the late 1820s into Orthodox and <a href="/wiki/Elias_Hicks" title="Elias Hicks">Hicksites</a>, her family sided with the Hicksites, which Anthony described as "the radical side, the Unitarian".<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1848, three years after the Anthony family moved to Rochester, a group of about 200 Quakers withdrew from the Hicksite organization in western New York, partly because they wanted to work in social reform movements without interference from that organization.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of them, including the Anthony family, began attending services at the <a href="/wiki/First_Unitarian_Church_of_Rochester" title="First Unitarian Church of Rochester">First Unitarian Church of Rochester</a>. When Susan B. Anthony returned home from teaching in 1849, she joined her family in attending services there, and she remained with the Rochester Unitarians for the rest of her life.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her sense of spirituality was strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Channing" title="William Henry Channing">William Henry Channing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a nationally known minister of that church who also assisted her with several of her reform projects.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony was listed as a member of First Unitarian in a church history written in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-mann-history_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mann-history-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony, proud of her Quaker roots, continued to describe herself as a Quaker, however. She maintained her membership in the local Hicksite body but did not attend its meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-bacon-117_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bacon-117-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She joined the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational Friends">Congregational Friends</a>, an organization that was created by Quakers in western New York after the 1848 split among Quakers there. This group soon ceased to operate as a religious body, however, and changed its name to the Friends of Human Progress, organizing annual meetings in support of social reform that welcomed everyone, including "Christians, Jews, Mahammedans, and Pagans".<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony served as secretary of this group in 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-bacon-117_201-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bacon-117-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1859, during a period when Rochester Unitarians were gravely impaired by factionalism,<sup id="cite_ref-mann-history_200-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mann-history-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony unsuccessfully attempted to start a "Free church in Rochester ... where no doctrines should be preached and all should be welcome."<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She used as her model the Boston church of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Parker" title="Theodore Parker">Theodore Parker</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian</a> minister who helped to set the direction of his denomination by rejecting the authority of the Bible and the validity of miracles.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony later became close friends with William Channing Gannett, who became the minister of the Unitarian Church in Rochester in 1889, and with his wife Mary, who came from a Quaker background.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William had been a national leader of the successful movement within the Unitarian denomination to end the practice of binding it by a formal creed, thereby opening its membership to non-Christians and even non-<a href="/wiki/Theist" class="mw-redirect" title="Theist">theists</a>, a goal for the denomination that resembled Anthony's goal for her proposed Free church.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Anthony reduced her arduous travel schedule and made her home in Rochester in 1891, she resumed regular attendance at First Unitarian and also worked with the Gannetts on local reform projects. Her sister Mary Stafford Anthony, whose home had provided a resting place for Anthony during her years of frequent travel, had long played an active role in this church.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her first public speech, delivered at a temperance meeting as a young woman, contained frequent references to God.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She soon took a more distant approach, however. While in Europe in 1883, Anthony helped a desperately poor Irish mother of six children. Noting that "the evidences were that 'God' was about to add a No. 7 to her flock", she later commented, "What a dreadful creature their God must be to keep sending hungry mouths while he withholds the bread to fill them!"<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> said that Anthony was an <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">agnostic</a>, adding, "To her, work is worship ... Her belief is not orthodox, but it is religious."<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony herself said, "Work and worship are one with me. I can not imagine a God of the universe made happy by my getting down on my knees and calling him 'great.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-pp._858–60_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp._858–60-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Anthony's sister Hannah was on her death bed, she asked Susan to talk about the great beyond, but, Anthony later wrote, "I could not dash her faith with my doubts, nor could I pretend a faith I had not; so I was silent in the dread presence of death."<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When an organization offered to sponsor a women's rights convention on the condition that "no speaker should say anything which would seem like an attack on Christianity", Anthony wrote to a friend, "I wonder if they'll be as particular to warn all other speakers not to say anything which shall sound like an attack on liberal religion. They never seem to think we have any feelings to be hurt when we have to sit under their reiteration of orthodox cant and dogma."<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_marriage">Views on marriage</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Portrait_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Portrait_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Portrait_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Susan B. Anthony</figcaption></figure> <p>As a teen, Anthony went to parties, and she had offers of marriage when she was older, but there is no record of her ever having a serious romance.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthony loved children, however, and helped raise the children in the Stanton household.<sup id="cite_ref-barry-64_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barry-64-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring to her niece, she wrote, "The dear little Lucy engrosses most of my time and thoughts. A child one loves is a constant benediction to the soul, whether or not it helps to the accomplishment of great intellectual feats."<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a young worker in the women's rights movement, Anthony expressed frustration when some of her co-workers began to marry and have children, sharply curtailing their ability to work for the understaffed movement. When <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a> abandoned her pledge to stay single, Anthony's scolding remarks caused a temporary rupture in their friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Journalists repeatedly asked Anthony to explain why she never married. She answered one by saying, "It always happened that the men I wanted were those I could not get, and those who wanted me I wouldn't have."<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To another, she answered, "I never found the man who was necessary to my happiness. I was very well as I was."<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To a third she said, "I never felt I could give up my life of freedom to become a man's housekeeper. When I was young, if a girl married poor, she became a housekeeper and a drudge. If she married wealth she became a pet and a doll. Just think, had I married at twenty, I would have been a drudge or a doll for fifty-nine years. Think of it!"<sup id="cite_ref-pp._858–60_212-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp._858–60-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthony fiercely opposed laws that gave husbands complete control over the marriage. <a href="/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Laws_of_England" title="Commentaries on the Laws of England">Blackstone's <i>Commentaries</i></a>, the basis for the legal systems in most states at that time, stated that, "By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a speech in 1877, Anthony predicted "<i>an epoch of single women</i>. If women will not accept marriage <i>with subjugation</i>, nor men proffer it <i>without</i>, there is, there can be, <i>no alternative</i>. The woman who <i>will not be ruled</i> must live without marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_abortion">Views on abortion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_abortion_dispute" title="Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute">Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute</a></div> <p>Anthony showed little interest in the topic of abortion. <a href="/wiki/Ann_D._Gordon" title="Ann D. Gordon">Ann D. Gordon</a>, who led the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony_Papers" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers">Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers</a> project, an undertaking to collect and document materials written by those two co-workers, said that Anthony "never voiced an opinion about the sanctity of fetal life ... and she never voiced an opinion about using the power of the state to require that pregnancies be brought to term."<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens2006_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens2006-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Sherr" title="Lynn Sherr">Lynn Sherr</a>, author of a biography of Anthony, said that Anthony never stated her views on abortion, saying, "I looked desperately for some kind of evidence one way or the other as to what her position was, and it just wasn't there."<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens2006_222-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens2006-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_abortion_dispute" title="Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute">dispute over Anthony's views on abortion</a> developed after 1989 when some members of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion movement">anti-abortion movement</a> began to portray Anthony as "an outspoken critic of abortion",<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citing various statements they said she had made. The anti-abortion advocacy group <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan B. Anthony List">Susan B. Anthony List</a> named itself after her on this basis. Gordon, Sherr and others contested this portrayal, saying these statements either were not made by Anthony, were not about abortion, or had been taken out of context.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ward-2018_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-2018-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halls_of_Fame">Halls of Fame</h3></div> <p>In 1950, Anthony was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Hall of Fame for Great Americans">Hall of Fame for Great Americans</a>. A bust of her that was sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Putnam" title="Brenda Putnam">Brenda Putnam</a> was placed there in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rubinstein_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubinstein-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Anthony was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artwork">Artwork</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hester_Jeffrey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hester_Jeffrey.jpg/170px-Hester_Jeffrey.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hester_Jeffrey.jpg/255px-Hester_Jeffrey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hester_Jeffrey.jpg/340px-Hester_Jeffrey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="4553" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Hester_C._Jeffrey" title="Hester C. Jeffrey">Hester C. Jeffrey</a>, who spoke at Anthony's funeral and arranged the creation of a stained glass window as Anthony's first memorial.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first memorial to Anthony was established by African Americans. In 1907, a year after Anthony's death, a stained-glass window was installed at the <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="African Methodist Episcopal Zion">African Methodist Episcopal Zion</a> church in Rochester that featured her portrait and the words "Failure is Impossible", a quote from her that had become a watchword for the women's suffrage movement. It was installed through the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Hester_C._Jeffrey" title="Hester C. Jeffrey">Hester C. Jeffrey</a>, the president of the Susan B. Anthony Club, an organization of African American women in Rochester.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaking at the window's dedication, Jeffrey said, "Miss Anthony had stood by the Negroes when it meant almost death to be a friend of the colored people."<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This church had a history of involvement in issues of social justice: in 1847, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> printed the first editions of <i>The North Star</i>, his abolitionist newspaper, in its basement.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marble_statue_of_three_suffragists_by_Adelaide_Johnson_in_the_Capitol_crypt,_Washington,_D.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Marble_statue_of_three_suffragists_by_Adelaide_Johnson_in_the_Capitol_crypt%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/170px-Marble_statue_of_three_suffragists_by_Adelaide_Johnson_in_the_Capitol_crypt%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Marble_statue_of_three_suffragists_by_Adelaide_Johnson_in_the_Capitol_crypt%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/255px-Marble_statue_of_three_suffragists_by_Adelaide_Johnson_in_the_Capitol_crypt%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Marble_statue_of_three_suffragists_by_Adelaide_Johnson_in_the_Capitol_crypt%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/340px-Marble_statue_of_three_suffragists_by_Adelaide_Johnson_in_the_Capitol_crypt%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2276" data-file-height="2564" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_Monument" title="Portrait Monument">Portrait Monument</a></i>, a statue of Anthony, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol_rotunda" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol rotunda">rotunda</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Capitol Building">U.S. Capitol Building</a>. Created by <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Johnson" title="Adelaide Johnson">Adelaide Johnson</a> in 1920.</figcaption></figure> <p>Anthony is commemorated along with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_Monument" title="Portrait Monument">Portrait Monument</a></i> sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Johnson" title="Adelaide Johnson">Adelaide Johnson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>, unveiled in 1921. Originally kept on display in the crypt of the US Capitol, the sculpture was moved to its current location and more prominently displayed in the rotunda in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leila_Usher_with_bas-relief_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Leila_Usher_with_bas-relief_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/170px-Leila_Usher_with_bas-relief_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Leila_Usher_with_bas-relief_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/255px-Leila_Usher_with_bas-relief_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Leila_Usher_with_bas-relief_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg/340px-Leila_Usher_with_bas-relief_of_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2708" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Leila_Usher" title="Leila Usher">Leila Usher</a>, next to the bas-relief of Susan B. Anthony she donated to the <a href="/wiki/National_Woman%27s_Party" title="National Woman's Party">National Woman's Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1922, sculptor <a href="/wiki/Leila_Usher" title="Leila Usher">Leila Usher</a> donated a bas-relief of Susan B. Anthony to the <a href="/wiki/National_Woman%27s_Party" title="National Woman's Party">National Woman's Party</a>, which was installed at their headquarters near <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC.">Washington, DC.</a><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usher was also responsible for the creation of a similar bronze medallion donated to Bryn Mawr College in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A sculpture by Ted Aub commemorating the introduction of Anthony to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> by <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a> on May 12, 1851, was unveiled In 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-freethought-trail1_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freethought-trail1-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-intro_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Called "When Anthony Met Stanton", it consists of life-size bronze statues of the three women near Van Cleef Lake in <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Falls,_New_York" title="Seneca Falls, New York">Seneca Falls</a>, New York, where the introduction occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-intro_239-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freethought-trail1_238-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freethought-trail1-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Divine" title="Cathedral of St. John the Divine">Cathedral of St. John the Divine</a> in Manhattan, one of the world's largest, added a sculpture honoring Anthony and three other heroes of the twentieth century: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An installation artwork by <a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dinner_Party" title="The Dinner Party">The Dinner Party</a></i>, first exhibited in 1979, features a place setting for Anthony.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A bronze sculpture of a locked ballot box flanked by two pillars marks the place where Anthony voted in 1872 in defiance of laws that prohibited women from voting. Called the 1872 Monument, it was dedicated in August 2009, on the 89th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Nineteenth Amendment</a>. Leading away from the 1872 Monument is the Susan B. Anthony Trail, which runs beside the 1872 Café, named for the year of Anthony's vote. </p><p>Near the Susan B. Anthony Museum and House is the "Let's Have Tea" sculpture of Anthony and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> created by Pepsy Kettavong.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 15, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> celebrated Anthony's 200th birthday with a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3></div> <p>Anthony's home in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a> is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_House" title="Susan B. Anthony House">National Susan B. Anthony Museum and House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Anthony_House_(Adams,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony House (Adams, Massachusetts)">house of her birth</a><sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Adams,_Massachusetts" title="Adams, Massachusetts">Adams</a>, Massachusetts, and her <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Childhood_House" title="Susan B. Anthony Childhood House">childhood home</a><sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Battenville,_New_York" title="Battenville, New York">Battenville</a>, New York, are listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. </p><p>In 2007, the new <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass%E2%80%93Susan_B._Anthony_Memorial_Bridge" title="Frederick Douglass–Susan B. Anthony Memorial Bridge">Frederick Douglass–Susan B. Anthony Memorial Bridge</a> replaced the old Troup–Howell Bridge as the conveyor of expressway traffic on Interstate 490 through downtown Rochester.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentary_projects">Documentary projects</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony_Papers" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers">Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers</a> project was an academic undertaking to collect and document all available materials written by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> and Anthony. The project began in 1982 and has since been ended.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a> and others produced the television documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Not_for_Ourselves_Alone" title="Not for Ourselves Alone">Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banknotes,_coins_and_stamps"><span id="Banknotes.2C_coins_and_stamps"></span>Banknotes, coins and stamps</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_B_Anthony_3c_1936_issue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Susan_B_Anthony_3c_1936_issue.JPG/170px-Susan_B_Anthony_3c_1936_issue.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Susan_B_Anthony_3c_1936_issue.JPG/255px-Susan_B_Anthony_3c_1936_issue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Susan_B_Anthony_3c_1936_issue.JPG/340px-Susan_B_Anthony_3c_1936_issue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">Commemorative stamp</a> of Susan B. Anthony issued in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthonystamp_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthonystamp-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The US Post Office issued its first postage stamp honoring Anthony in 1936 on the 16th anniversary of the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th Amendment</a>, which ensured women's right to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthonystamp_252-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthonystamp-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second stamp honoring Anthony was issued in April 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_dollar_coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anthony_dollar_coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="172" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">U.S. dollar coin with image of Susan. B. Anthony</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1979, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> began issuing the <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony dollar</a> coin, the first US coin to honor a female citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">US Treasury Department</a> announced on April 20, 2016, that an image of Anthony would appear on the back of a newly designed $10 bill along with <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a>. The original plan was for a woman to appear on the front of the $10 bill, with Anthony under consideration for that position. The final plan, however, calls for <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/US_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="US Secretary of the Treasury">US Secretary of the Treasury</a>, to retain his current position there. Designs for new $5, $10 and $20 bills will be unveiled in 2020 in conjunction with the 100th anniversary of American women winning the right to vote via the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (March 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names_of_awards_and_organizations">Names of awards and organizations</h3></div> <p>Since 1970, the Susan B. Anthony Award is given annually by the New York City chapter of the <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a> to honor "grassroots activists dedicated to improving the lives of women and girls in New York City."<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_York_Radical_Feminists" title="New York Radical Feminists">New York Radical Feminists</a>, founded in 1969, was organized into small cells or "brigades" named after notable feminists of the past. The <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Stanton</a>-Anthony Brigade was led by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Koedt" title="Anne Koedt">Anne Koedt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shulamith_Firestone" title="Shulamith Firestone">Shulamith Firestone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, <a href="/wiki/Zsuzsanna_Budapest" title="Zsuzsanna Budapest">Zsuzsanna Budapest</a> founded the Susan B. Anthony Coven #1 – the first feminist, women-only, witches' coven.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Witchcraft_Today_1999_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witchcraft_Today_1999-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pagan_Census_2003_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pagan_Census_2003-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan B. Anthony List">Susan B. Anthony List</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Non-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit">non-profit</a> organization that seeks to reduce and ultimately end abortion in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_B._Anthony_Gravestone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Susan_B._Anthony_Gravestone.jpg/170px-Susan_B._Anthony_Gravestone.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Susan_B._Anthony_Gravestone.jpg/255px-Susan_B._Anthony_Gravestone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Susan_B._Anthony_Gravestone.jpg/340px-Susan_B._Anthony_Gravestone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption> Susan B. Anthony's gravestone with “I voted” stickers on it</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Day" title="Susan B. Anthony Day">Susan B. Anthony Day</a> is a commemorative holiday to celebrate the birth of Anthony and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">women's suffrage in the United States</a>. The holiday is February 15—Anthony's birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Lovely_Warren" title="Lovely Warren">Lovely Warren</a>, the mayor of Rochester, put a red, white and blue sign next to Anthony's grave on the day after <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> obtained the nomination at the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a>. The sign stated, "Dear Susan B., we thought you might like to know that for the first time in history, a woman is running for president representing a major party. 144 years ago, your illegal vote got you arrested. It took another 48 years for women to finally gain the right to vote. Thank you for paving the way."<sup id="cite_ref-nydailynews1_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydailynews1-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of Rochester put pictures of the message on Twitter and requested that residents go to Anthony's grave to sign it.<sup id="cite_ref-nydailynews1_266-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydailynews1-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_rights_leaders" title="List of civil rights leaders">List of civil rights leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffragists_and_suffragettes" title="List of suffragists and suffragettes">List of suffragists and suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_rights_activists" title="List of women's rights activists">List of women's rights activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_abortion_dispute" title="Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute">Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage" title="Timeline of women's suffrage">Timeline of women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States">Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffragists_and_suffragettes#Major_suffrage_organizations" title="List of suffragists and suffragettes">Women's suffrage organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Day" title="Susan B. Anthony Day">Susan B. Anthony Day</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBly1896" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Bly, Nellie</a> (February 2, 1896). "Champion of Her Sex – Miss Susan B. Anthony Tells the Story of Her Remarkable Life to 'Nellie Bly'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">The World</a></i>. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World&rft.atitle=Champion+of+Her+Sex+%E2%80%93+Miss+Susan+B.+Anthony+Tells+the+Story+of+Her+Remarkable+Life+to+%27Nellie+Bly%27&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1896-02-02&rft.aulast=Bly&rft.aufirst=Nellie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> This interview is reprinted along with extensive notes in Gordon (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zEhC4G4uqOUC&pg=PA24">pp. 24–40</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/12/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 12</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n197/mode/2up,">pp. 144, 231</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKelvey (April 1945), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v7_1945/v7i2.pdf#page=16">pp. 16, 18</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n81/mode/2up">pp. 17, 36–37</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/10/mode/2up?view=theater">pp. 10–11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/n103/mode/2up?view=theater,">p. 57</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n55/mode/2up">pp. 11, 17</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/24/mode/2up?view=theater">pp. 24–31</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/32/mode/2up?view=theater">pp. 33–35</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/38/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 39</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/people/susan-b-anthony.htm">"Susan B. Anthony (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Susan+B.+Anthony+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fpeople%2Fsusan-b-anthony.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n109/mode/2up">pp. 45–46, 60</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Barbour, Christopher Densmore, Elizabeth H. Moger, Nancy C. Sorel, Alson D. Van Wagner, Arthur J. Worrall, ed. (1995). <i>Quaker Crosscurrents: Three Hundred Years of Friends in the New York Yearly Meetings</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q7B25EPMla4C&pg=PA134">pp. 135–135</a>. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. p. 135. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-2664-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-2664-9">0-8156-2664-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/n105/mode/2up">p. 58</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n107/mode/2up">p. 59</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage (1881–1922), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu01stanuoft#page/75/mode/2up">p. 75</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n93/mode/2up">pp. 49–50</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Woman Suffrage Association, <i> Report of the International Council of Women, Volume 1</i>, 1888, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportinternati00womegoog/page/n334">p. 327</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n101/mode/2up">pp. 55–56</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/196/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 197</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 60–61, 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffith (1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inherownright00elis/page/72">pp. 72–73</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffith (1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inherownright00elis/page/108">p. 108</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffith (1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inherownright00elis/page/224">p. 224</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For Anthony's lack of confidence in her writing ability, see letter from Anthony to Stanton, June 5, 1856, quoted in Sherr (1995), p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barry-64-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barry-64_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barry-64_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffith (1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inherownright00elis/page/74">p. 74</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter from Stanton to Anthony, August 20, 1857, quoted in Griffith (1984), p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton (1898) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eightyyearsandm00stangoog/page/n190">p. 165</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dBs4CO1DsF4C&pg=PR30">p. xxx</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flexner (1959), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjEw6ZnVm1EC&pg=PA58">p. 58</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n99/mode/2up,">p. 53</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n113/mode/2up,">pp. 64–68</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/80/mode/2up?view=theater">pp. 81–82</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/92/mode/2up?view=theater">pp. 92–95</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n151/mode/2up,">pp. 101–102</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan B. Anthony, "Fifty Years of Work for Woman" <i>Independent</i>, 52 (February 15, 1900), pp. 414–417, quoted in Sherr (1995), p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage (1881–1922), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu01stanuoft#page/514/mode/2up">pp. 513–514</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>National Anti-Slavery Standard</i>, August 15, 1857, quoted in Sherr (1995), p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n209/mode/2up,">pp. 155–156</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n277/mode/2up,">p. 221</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n121/mode/2up">p. 72</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n129/mode/2up,">p. 81</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dudden (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-XV-oP9UFUC&pg=PA17">p. 17</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n179/mode/2up">pp. 104, 122–128</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n193/mode/2up">pp. 140–141</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 136, 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Million (2003), pp. 109, 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter from Anthony to <a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Symonds_Foster" title="Stephen Symonds Foster">Stephen Symonds Foster</a>, April 20, 1857, quoted in Million (2003), p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Million (2003), pp. 235, 250–252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes1964" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, Gilbert Hobbs (1964). <i>The Anti-Slavery Impulse: 1830–1844</i>. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. p. 143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anti-Slavery+Impulse%3A+1830%E2%80%931844&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+World&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Gilbert+Hobbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> This citation references the 1964 edition of a book that was first published in 1933 by the American Historical Association.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKelvey (April 1945)], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v7_1945/v7i2.pdf#page=6">p. 6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n273/mode/2up">p. 216</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n267/mode/2up,">p. 208</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n237/mode/2up">pp. 180–181</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n267/mode/2up,">pp. 208, 209</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"none". <i>The Post Standard</i>. Syracuse, NY. February 4, 1940. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Post+Standard&rft.atitle=none&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1940-02-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span>, quoted in Barry (1988), p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manuscript of speech in the Susan B. Anthony Papers collection at the Library of Congress. Quoted in McPherson (1964), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fdE1jAheJwkC&pg=PA225">p. 225</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/51">p. 51</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n263/mode/2up">p. 204</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dudden (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-XV-oP9UFUC&pg=PA36">p. 36</a>. The proposal for more lenient divorce laws was also controversial among women activists.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage (1881–1922), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu01stanuoft#page/744/mode/2up">pp. 745–46</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter from Anthony to Lucy Stone, October 27, 1857, quoted in Sherr (1995), p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GPO-CRECB-1928-pt3-v69">"69 Cong. Rec. (Bound) - Volume 69, Part 3 (February 1, 1928 to February 23, 1928)"</a>. <i>GovInfo.gov</i>. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. <span class="nowrap">3060–</span>3061.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovInfo.gov&rft.atitle=69+Cong.+Rec.+%28Bound%29+-+Volume+69%2C+Part+3+%28February+1%2C+1928+to+February+23%2C+1928%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3060-%3C%2Fspan%3E3061&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fapp%2Fdetails%2FGPO-CRECB-1928-pt3-v69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudith_E._Harper" class="citation web cs1">Judith E. Harper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/stantonanthony/resources/index.html?body=biography.html">"Biography"</a>. <i>Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony</i>. Public Broadcasting System<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Not+for+Ourselves+Alone%3A+The+Story+of+Elizabeth+Cady+Stanton+and+Susan+B.+Anthony&rft.atitle=Biography&rft.au=Judith+E.+Harper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fstantonanthony%2Fresources%2Findex.html%3Fbody%3Dbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Venet (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PfE0ULar1JgC&pg=PA148">p. 148</a>. The League was called by several variations of its name, including the Women's National Loyal League.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 153–154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Venet (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PfE0ULar1JgC&pg=PA116">p. 116</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Venet (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PfE0ULar1JgC&pg=PA106">pp. 148–149</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flexner (1959), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjEw6ZnVm1EC&pg=PA105">p. 105</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Venet (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PfE0ULar1JgC&pg=PA1">pp. 1–2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/242/mode/2up?view=theater">pp. 242, 248</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter from Stanton to Gerrit Smith, January 1, 1866, quoted in DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/61">p. 61</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage (1887), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu02stanuoft#page/152/mode/2up">pp. 152–153</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage (1887), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu02stanuoft#page/170/mode/2up">pp. 171–72</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofwomansu02stanuoft/page/174/mode/2up?view=theater">pp. 173–174</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage (1887), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu02stanuoft#page/270/mode/2up">p. 270</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n319/mode/2up,">p. 261</a>. Anthony's words here have been misquoted in increasingly elaborate ways. Alma Lutz's biography (1959, p. 120) converted Harper's words into a direct quote by Anthony but made no other changes: "I would sooner cut off my right hand than ask for the ballot for the black man and not for woman." Eleanor Flexner's <i>Century of Struggle</i> (1959, pp. 137–138) changed "hand" to "arm" and made other changes, reporting that Anthony said, "I will cut off this right arm of mine before I will ever work for or demand the ballot for the Negro and not woman." Paul Finkelman's <i>African-Americans and the Right To Vote</i> (1992, p. 129) quoted Anthony as saying, "I swear that I will cut off this right arm of mine before I will ever work for or demand the ballot for the Negro and not the woman." <i>The American Pageant</i>, a textbook by David M. Kennedy and Lizabeth Cohen, reported (2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVkKAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA477">p. 477</a>) that Anthony held out her arm and said, "Look at this, all of you. And hear me swear that I will cut off this right arm of mine before I will ever work for or demand the ballot for the negro and not the woman." Kennedy and Cohen placed this supposed quote by Anthony in the context of her anger at the exclusion of women from the 14th Amendment rather than, as Harper originally reported, at being told that she should work for suffrage only for black men, not for both women and blacks.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dudden (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-XV-oP9UFUC&pg=PA105">p. 105</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dudden (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-XV-oP9UFUC&pg=PA124">pp. 124, 127</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/93">pp. 93–94</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dudden (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-XV-oP9UFUC&pg=PA137">pp. 137 and 246, footnotes 22 and 25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/80/mode/2up">pp. 80–81</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/189/mode/2up">pp. 189, 196</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rakow and Kramarae eds. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ahcmo4_Jko0C&pg=PA18">p. 18</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rakow-14-18-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rakow-14-18_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rakow-14-18_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rakow and Kramarae eds. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ahcmo4_Jko0C&pg=PA14">pp. 6, 14–18</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dudden (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-XV-oP9UFUC&pg=PA69">pp. 69, 143</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Working Women's Association", <i>The Revolution</i>, November 5, 1868, p. 280. Quoted in Rakow and Kramarae eds. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ahcmo4_Jko0C&pg=PA106">p. 106</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The role of <i>The Revolution</i> during the developing split in the women's movement is discussed in chapters 6 and 7 of Dudden (2011). An example of its use to support their wing of the movement is on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-XV-oP9UFUC&pg=PA164">p. 164</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/112">pp. 112, 114</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The National Labor Union and U.S. Bonds," <i>The Revolution</i>, April 9, 1868, p. 213. Quoted in DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/110">p. 110</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"National Labor Congress," <i>The Revolution</i>, October 1, 1868, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/123">pp. 123, 133</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/155">pp. 155–159</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/145">pp. 145–146</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/n198">pp. 133, 148–151, 161, 193</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0/page/n176">pp. 173, 189, 196</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rakow and Kramarae eds. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ahcmo4_Jko0C&pg=PA47">pp. 47–49</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage (1881–1922), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu02stanuoft#page/635/mode/2up">p. 635</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu02stanuoft#page/384/mode/2up">p. 384</a>. Stone is speaking here during the final AERA convention in 1869. Support for the amendment did not necessarily mean that all AWSA members were free from the racial presumptions of that era. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Brown_Blackwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Brown Blackwell">Henry Blackwell</a>, Lucy Stone's husband and a prominent AWSA member, published an open letter to Southern legislatures assuring them that if they allowed both blacks and women to vote, "the political supremacy of your white race will remain unchanged" and that "the black race would gravitate by the law of nature toward the tropics". See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_B._Blackwell1867" class="citation web cs1">Henry B. Blackwell (January 15, 1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/rbpe.12701100">"What the South can do"</a>. <i>An American Time Capsule</i>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+American+Time+Capsule&rft.atitle=What+the+South+can+do&rft.date=1867-01-15&rft.au=Henry+B.+Blackwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2Frbpe.12701100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> Cited in Dudden (2011), p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), pp. 197–200. The high point of Republican support was a non-committal reference to women's suffrage in the 1872 Republican platform.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DuBois (1978), pp. 166, 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 264–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QSWhKqKt1moC&pg=PR25">pp. xxv, 55.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 296–299, 303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Ann D., "Knowing Susan B. Anthony: The Stories We Tell of a Life", in Ridarsky, Christine L. and Huth, Mary M., editors (2012). <i>Susan B. Anthony and the Struggle for Equal Rights</i>. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. pp. 202, 204; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58046-425-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58046-425-3">978-1-58046-425-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherr_1995,_pp._226–27-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherr_1995,_pp._226–27_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherr_1995,_pp._226–27_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), pp. 226–227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flexner (1959), p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 57–58, 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U3diaaiUZjQC&pg=PR21">p. xxi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), pp. 123–124, 132–133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gordon-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gordon_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gordon_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward (1999), "Taking Possession of the Country" by Ann D. Gordon, pp. 163–169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flexner (1959), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjEw6ZnVm1EC&pg=PA163">pp. 163–164</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bacon (1986), pp. 132–133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flexner (1959), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjEw6ZnVm1EC&pg=PA173">pp. 173–174, 210</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), pp. 85, 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flexner (1959), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjEw6ZnVm1EC&pg=PA231">pp. 229–232</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=8">p. 2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 249–251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=17">pp. 11, 13, 29.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hewitt (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Izg05RynLZgC&pg=PA212">p. 212.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=73">pp. 63, 67.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=40">p. 34.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hull (2012), pp. 115–16, 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=11">pp. 5–6, 13, 48 </a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=13">p. 7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon-2005-46-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon-2005-46_131-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon-2005-46_131-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=52">p. 46</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYHerald_TeaPartySpeech_18731217-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYHerald_TeaPartySpeech_18731217_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:18731217_Tea_Party_Teachings_-_Woman%27s_Freedom_Dawning_-_The_New_York_Herald.jpg">"Tea Party Teachings / Woman's Freedom Dawning / No Taxation Without Representation"</a>. <i>The New York Herald</i>. December 17, 1873. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Herald&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+Teachings+%2F+Woman%27s+Freedom+Dawning+%2F+No+Taxation+Without+Representation&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1873-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3A18731217_Tea_Party_Teachings_-_Woman%2527s_Freedom_Dawning_-_The_New_York_Herald.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=53">p. 47.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=24">p. 18.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf#page=25">pp. 18–19</a>. This article points out that Supreme Court rulings did not establish the connection between citizenship and voting rights until the mid-twentieth century.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabermanRogers2020" class="citation news cs1">Haberman, Maggie; Rogers, Katie (August 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/18/us/politics/trump-susan-b-anthony-pardon.html">"On Centennial of 19th Amendment, Trump Pardons Susan B. Anthony"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+Centennial+of+19th+Amendment%2C+Trump+Pardons+Susan+B.+Anthony&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F08%2F18%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-susan-b-anthony-pardon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MuseumDeclinesPardon-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MuseumDeclinesPardon_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlaby2020" class="citation news cs1">Ulaby, Neda (August 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/08/20/904321406/susan-b-anthony-museum-rejects-president-trumps-pardon-of-the-suffragette">"Susan B. Anthony Museum Rejects President Trump's Pardon Of The Suffragist"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200821134913/https://www.npr.org/2020/08/20/904321406/susan-b-anthony-museum-rejects-president-trumps-pardon-of-the-suffragette">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Susan+B.+Anthony+Museum+Rejects+President+Trump%27s+Pardon+Of+The+Suffragist&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft.aulast=Ulaby&rft.aufirst=Neda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F08%2F20%2F904321406%2Fsusan-b-anthony-museum-rejects-president-trumps-pardon-of-the-suffragette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> ● <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2020" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Deborah L. (August 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://susanb.org/on-news-of-a-presidential-pardon-for-susan-b-anthony-on-august-18-2020/">"On News of a Presidential Pardon for Susan B. Anthony on August 18, 2020"</a>. <i>SusanB.org</i>. The National Susan B. Anthony Museum & House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200821170246/https://susanb.org/on-news-of-a-presidential-pardon-for-susan-b-anthony-on-august-18-2020/">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SusanB.org&rft.atitle=On+News+of+a+Presidential+Pardon+for+Susan+B.+Anthony+on+August+18%2C+2020&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Deborah+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsusanb.org%2Fon-news-of-a-presidential-pardon-for-susan-b-anthony-on-august-18-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n553/mode/2up">p. 480.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n123/mode/2up">p. 602.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 3, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa02harpgoog#page/n209/mode/2up">p. 1277</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, footnote on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog/page/480/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 481</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cullen-DuPont (2000) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&pg=PA115">p. 115</a> <i>History of Woman Suffrage</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tetrault (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYZgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125">pp. 125–140</a>. Tetrault says she describes the Seneca Falls story as a "myth" not to indicate that it is false but in the technical sense of "a venerated and celebrated story used to give meaning to the world." See Tetrault (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYZgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5">p. 5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n57/mode/2up">pp. 546, 578–579</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 283–287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 287, 328–329, 349. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> arranged for the Windsor Castle reception, but she was not present at it.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825193502/http://www.icw-cif.com/01/03.php">"History"</a>. International Council of Women. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icw-cif.com/01/03.php">the original</a> on August 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=International+Council+of+Women&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icw-cif.com%2F01%2F03.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chipublib.org/fa-worlds-congress-auxiliary-pre-publications-programs-and-circulars-collection/">World’s Congress Auxiliary Pre-Publications, Programs and Circulars Collection</a>, Chicago Public Library.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 4, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu04stanuoft#page/232/mode/2up">pp. 232–233</a>. The official who revealed this information was Rachel Foster Avery, an associate of Anthony who served on the organizing committee for the women's congress.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sewall, May Wright, editor (1894). <i>The World's Congress of Representative Women</i>. New York: Rand, McNally, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjspAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA46">pp. 46–48</a> <a href="/wiki/Bertha_Palmer" title="Bertha Palmer">Bertha Palmer</a> was in charge of women's activities at the Exposition. She appointed <a href="/wiki/May_Wright_Sewall" title="May Wright Sewall">May Wright Sewall</a> as chair and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Foster_Avery" title="Rachel Foster Avery">Rachel Foster Avery</a> as secretary of the organizing committee for the women's congress; both were associates of Anthony.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n279/mode/2up">p. 748</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecssba.rutgers.edu/docs/sbaexpo.html">"Speeches by Susan B. Anthony at Columbian Exposition, 1893"</a>. <i>The Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers Project</i>. Rutgers University. May 1893<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Elizabeth+Cady+Stanton+and+Susan+B.+Anthony+Papers+Project&rft.atitle=Speeches+by+Susan+B.+Anthony+at+Columbian+Exposition%2C+1893&rft.date=1893-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecssba.rutgers.edu%2Fdocs%2Fsbaexpo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larson, Eric (2003). <i>Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America</i>, New York: Random House, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Anna Howard (1915). <i>The Story of a Pioneer</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyapioneer01jordgoog/page/n242">p. 207</a>. New York: Harper and Brothers. Instead of applauding, women of that era sometimes waved white handkerchiefs to show approval, a practice known as the <a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Chautauqua Institute">Chautauqua</a> salute. See Sherr (1995), p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 6, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu06stanuoft#page/804/mode/2up">pp. 805–811</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 3, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa02harpgoog#page/n265/mode/2up">p. 1326</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://womenalliance.org/what-is-iaw">"What is IAW"</a>. International Alliance of Women<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+IAW&rft.pub=International+Alliance+of+Women&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwomenalliance.org%2Fwhat-is-iaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-griffith-182-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-griffith-182_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffith (1984), p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward (1999), p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QSWhKqKt1moC&pg=PA242">p. 242</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffith (1984), pp. 182, 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton's diary, January 9, 1889, quoted in Griffith (1984), p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffith (1984), pp. 210–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n395/mode/2up">p. 857</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 3, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa02harpgoog#page/n195/mode/2up">p. 1264</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 262, 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n369/mode/2up">p. 831</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131124121716/http://winningthevote.org/weiu.html">"Women's Educational and Industrial Union"</a>. <i>Western New York Suffragists: Biographies and Images</i>. Rochester Regional Council Library. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winningthevote.org/weiu.html">the original</a> on November 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+New+York+Suffragists%3A+Biographies+and+Images&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Educational+and+Industrial+Union&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winningthevote.org%2Fweiu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKelvey (April 1945)], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v7_1945/v7i2.pdf#page=22">pp. 22–23</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), pp. 320–321, 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), pp. 265–270, 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry (1988), pp. 331–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1906/03/13/archives/miss-susan-b-anthony-died-this-morning-end-came-to-the-famous-woman.html">"Miss Susan B. Anthony Died This Morning; End Came to the Famous Woman Suffragist in Rochester. Enthusiastic to the Last Wished All Her Estate to Go to the Cause for Which She Labored – Her Deathbed Regret"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 13, 1906<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Miss+Susan+B.+Anthony+Died+This+Morning%3B+End+Came+to+the+Famous+Woman+Suffragist+in+Rochester.+Enthusiastic+to+the+Last+Wished+All+Her+Estate+to+Go+to+the+Cause+for+Which+She+Labored+%E2%80%93+Her+Deathbed+Regret.&rft.date=1906-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1906%2F03%2F13%2Farchives%2Fmiss-susan-b-anthony-died-this-morning-end-came-to-the-famous-woman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Scott. <i>Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons</i>, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 1369). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 3, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa02harpgoog#page/n355/mode/2up">p. 1409</a>. According to Sherr (1995), p. 367, footnote 324, a variation of this statement appeared in several newspapers, but it also ends with "Failure is impossible".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), pp. xxiv–xxv, 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"none". <i>New York Sun</i>. February 21, 1904.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=none&rft.date=1904-02-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> Quoted in Sherr (1995), p. xxvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"none". <i>The New York Times</i>. 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Anthony Amendment Hangs in Balance on Eve of Final Test"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 26, 1918.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senators+to+Vote+on+Suffrage+Today%3B+Fate+of+Susan+B.+Anthony+Amendment+Hangs+in+Balance+on+Eve+of+Final+Test&rft.date=1918-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF60F17F63E5511738DDDAF0A94D1405B888DF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoig2008" class="citation book cs1">Doig, Leslie L. (2008). Smith, Bonnie G. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&pg=PA115"><i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514890-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514890-9"><bdi>978-0-19-514890-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+World+History&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514890-9&rft.aulast=Doig&rft.aufirst=Leslie+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEFI7tr9XK6EC%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch00169">"Susan B. Anthony Papers, 1815–1961: A Finding Aid"</a>. Harvard University. Retrieved June 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library/collection/susan-b-anthony">Schlesinger Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923175028/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library/collection/susan-b-anthony">Archived</a> September 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study">Radcliffe Institute</a>, Harvard University. Retrieved June 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecssba.rutgers.edu/">The Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200213161023/http://ecssba.rutgers.edu/">Archived</a> February 13, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awrbc4/anthony.html">Susan B. Anthony Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss129_main.html">Anthony, Susan B.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607144009/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss129_main.html">Archived</a> June 7, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Smith College. Retrieved June 1, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n37/mode/2up">p. 5.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan B. Anthony (May 27, 1893), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXFaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA585">"The Moral Leadership of the Religious Press"</a>, in <i>Freedom of Religion: Foundational Documents and Historical Arguments</i>, by Stephen A. Smith, 2019, Oxbridge Research Associates, pp. 584–585. <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a>, the belief that God is one person, contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Trinitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarianism">Trinitarianism</a>, the traditional Christian belief that God is three persons in one, with Jesus being one of those three. Elias Hicks, after whom the Hicksites were named, taught that Jesus was not God but had achieved a divine state through obedience to the Inner Light.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n41/mode/2up,">p. 7.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hewitt, Nancy (1995) and others. "Women's Rights and Roles ", in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q7B25EPMla4C">Quaker Crosscurrents: Three Hundred Years of Friends in the New York Yearly Meetings</a></i>, edited by Hugh Barbour, Christopher Densmore, Elizabeth H. Moger, Nancy C. Sorel, Alson D. Van Wagner, and Arthur J. Worrall; Syracuse University Press, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q7B25EPMla4C&pg=PA174">pp. 173–174</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0815626510" title="Special:BookSources/978-0815626510">978-0815626510</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n105/mode/2up">p. 58.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton (1898) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eightyyearsandm00stangoog/page/n186">pp. 160–161</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Channing wrote the call for the Women's Rights Convention that Anthony organized in Rochester in 1853 and playing a leading role in it. He wrote an appeal that Anthony circulated as part of her women's suffrage work. See Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n155/mode/2up,">pp. 104, 110.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mann-history-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mann-history_200-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mann-history_200-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton_M._Mann1881" class="citation web cs1">Newton M. Mann (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318133139/http://www.rochesterunitarian.org/historical_documents/Mann-history.pdf">"First Unitarian Congregational Society of Rochester NY: A Sketch of its History, with its Organization and Membership"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. First Unitarian Church of Rochester, NY. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rochesterunitarian.org/historical_documents/Mann-history.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Unitarian+Congregational+Society+of+Rochester+NY%3A+A+Sketch+of+its+History%2C+with+its+Organization+and+Membership&rft.pub=First+Unitarian+Church+of+Rochester%2C+NY&rft.date=1881&rft.au=Newton+M.+Mann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rochesterunitarian.org%2Fhistorical_documents%2FMann-history.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bacon-117-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bacon-117_201-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bacon-117_201-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bacon (1986), p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Call to Congregational Friends Meeting", <i>Frederick Douglass’ Paper</i>, May 26, 1854, reprinted in Judith Wellman and others, "1816 Farmington Quaker Meetinghouse, Farmington, New York, Historic Structure Report", 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.farmingtonmeetinghouse.org/_files/ugd/acfe53_574b1093147548f7af65b525f435cd02.pdf#page=106">p. 100</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025250/https://www.farmingtonmeetinghouse.org/_files/ugd/acfe53_574b1093147548f7af65b525f435cd02.pdf#page=106">Archived</a> March 26, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugh_BarbourChristopher_DensmoreElizabeth_H._MogerNancy_C._Sorel1995" class="citation book cs1">Hugh Barbour; Christopher Densmore; Elizabeth H. Moger; Nancy C. Sorel; Alson D. Van Wagner; Arthur J. Worrall, eds. (1995). <i>Quaker Crosscurrents: Three Hundred Years of Friends in the New York Yearly Meetings</i>. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-2664-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-2664-9"><bdi>0-8156-2664-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quaker+Crosscurrents%3A+Three+Hundred+Years+of+Friends+in+the+New+York+Yearly+Meetings&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+NY&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8156-2664-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n223/mode/2up">p. 167.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean_Grodzins" class="citation web cs1">Dean Grodzins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212224555/http://uudb.org/articles/theodoreparker.html">"Theodore Parker"</a>. <i>Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography</i>. Unitarian Universalist Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uudb.org/articles/theodoreparker.html">the original</a> on December 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Unitarian+%26+Universalist+Biography&rft.atitle=Theodore+Parker&rft.au=Dean+Grodzins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuudb.org%2Farticles%2Ftheodoreparker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> During Anthony's lifetime, the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian</a> denomination transformed from one based on Unitarian Christianity to one that was not based on any creed. Theodore Parker and William Channing Gannett played important roles in this transformation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lutz (1959), pp. 271, 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_H._Pease1954" class="citation web cs1">William H. Pease (Spring 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?PAGE=3421">"William Channing Gannett: Two Episodes"</a>. <i>University of Rochester Library Bulletin, Volume IX, Number 3</i>. University of Rochester<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Rochester+Library+Bulletin%2C+Volume+IX%2C+Number+3&rft.atitle=William+Channing+Gannett%3A+Two+Episodes&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=1954&rft.au=William+H.+Pease&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.rochester.edu%2Findex.cfm%3FPAGE%3D3421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 3, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa02harpgoog#page/n447/mode/2up">p. 1490.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dBs4CO1DsF4C&pg=PA135">p. 135.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n91/mode/2up">p. 594</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton (1898) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eightyyearsandm00stangoog/page/n186">p. 161</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pp._858–60-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pp._858–60_212-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp._858–60_212-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New York World</i>, February 2, 1896, quoted in Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n397/mode/2up">pp. 858–860.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n25/mode/2up">p. 516.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog#page/n203/mode/2up">p. 678.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherr (1995), p. 5, 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog#page/n271/mode/2up">p. 214.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Woman's Column</i>, August 14, 1897, quoted in Sherr, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>, June 28, 1896, quoted in Sherr, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kjq1rbyN_IQC&pg=PA41">p. 41.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Homes of Single Women" by Susan B. Anthony, 1877, quoted in <i>The Elizabeth Cady Stanton – Susan B. Anthony Reader</i> edited by Ellen Carol DuBois, Northwestern University Press, Boston, 1981 and 1992, p. 148; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55553-143-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-55553-143-1">1-55553-143-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevens2006-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens2006_222-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens2006_222-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens2006" class="citation web cs1">Stevens, Allison (October 6, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womensenews.org/story/abortion/061006/susan-b-anthonys-abortion-position-spurs-scuffle">"Susan B. Anthony's Abortion Position Spurs Scuffle"</a>. <i>Women's eNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+eNews&rft.atitle=Susan+B.+Anthony%27s+Abortion+Position+Spurs+Scuffle&rft.date=2006-10-06&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womensenews.org%2Fstory%2Fabortion%2F061006%2Fsusan-b-anthonys-abortion-position-spurs-scuffle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark-Flory2006" class="citation journal cs1">Clark-Flory, Tracy (October 6, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2015/07/15/anthony">"Susan B. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lesbian-pride.com/z.html">the original</a> on July 17, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lesbian+Pride&rft.atitle=Z+Budapest+%E2%80%93+Dianic+Wicca+%E2%80%93+Dianic+Witch+%E2%80%93+Women%27s+Spirituality+Movement+%E2%80%93+Lesbian+Pride&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flesbian-pride.com%2Fz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Witchcraft_Today_1999-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Witchcraft_Today_1999_262-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Witchcraft Today: An Encyclopedia of Wiccan and Neopagan Traditions</i> by James R. Lewis ABC-CLIO (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pagan_Census_2003-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pagan_Census_2003_263-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Voices from the Pagan Census: A National Survey of Witches and Neo-Pagans in the United States</i> by Helen A. Berger, Evan A. Leach and Leigh S. Shaffer. University of South Carolina Press (2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadler1997" class="citation journal cs1">Sadler, Joanne (1997). "Pro-Life Women for Congress". <i>Crisis</i>. <b>15</b> (1). Brownson Institute: <span class="nowrap">30–</span>33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crisis&rft.atitle=Pro-Life+Women+for+Congress&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Sadler&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews" class="citation web cs1">Matthews, Holly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112044408/http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/TLresources/units/Byrnes-celebrations/SUSANB.HTML">"Susan B. Anthony Day"</a>. TeacherLINK @ Utah State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/TLresources/units/Byrnes-celebrations/SUSANB.HTML">the original</a> on November 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Susan+B.+Anthony+Day&rft.pub=TeacherLINK+%40+Utah+State+University&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteacherlink.ed.usu.edu%2FTLresources%2Funits%2FByrnes-celebrations%2FSUSANB.HTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nydailynews1-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nydailynews1_266-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nydailynews1_266-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalinger2016" class="citation news cs1">Salinger, Tobias (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/susan-b-anthony-grave-decorated-sign-article-1.2730071">"Susan B. Anthony's grave decorated with 'thank you' sign"</a>. <i>NY Daily News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NY+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Susan+B.+Anthony%27s+grave+decorated+with+%27thank+you%27+sign&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Salinger&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fsusan-b-anthony-grave-decorated-sign-article-1.2730071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h4></div> <ul><li>Bacon, Margaret Hope (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xl7ZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Mothers of Feminism: The Story of Quaker Women in America</i></a>. San Francisco: Harper & Row. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-250043-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-250043-0">0-06-250043-0</a></li> <li>Baker, Jean H. <i>Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists</i> (2006), pp. 55–92</li> <li>Barry, Kathleen (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eX1U-X0ekW4C"><i>Susan B. Anthony: A Biography of a Singular Feminist</i></a>. New York: Ballantine Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-36549-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-36549-6">0-345-36549-6</a>.</li> <li>Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC"><i>The Encyclopedia of Women's History in America</i></a>, second edition. New York: Facts on File. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4100-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4100-8">0-8160-4100-8</a>.</li> <li>Debs, Eugene V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/170700DebsSusanbanthony">"Susan B. Anthony: Pioneer of Freedom"</a>, <i>Pearson's Magazine,</i> vol. 38, no. 1 (July 1917), pp. 5–7.</li> <li>DuBois, Ellen Carol (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismsuffrage00dubo_0"><i>Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848–1869</i></a>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-8641-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-8641-6">0-8014-8641-6</a>.</li> <li>Dudden, Faye E (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-XV-oP9UFUC"><i>Fighting Chance: The Struggle over Woman Suffrage and Black Suffrage in Reconstruction America</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977263-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977263-6">978-0-19-977263-6</a>.</li> <li>Flexner, Eleanor (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjEw6ZnVm1EC"><i>Century of Struggle</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674106536" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674106536">978-0674106536</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Ann D. "Susan B. Anthony", <i>American National Biography</i> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1500021">Online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2005" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Ann D. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/susanbanthony.pdf">"The Trial of Susan B. Anthony"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Federal Judicial Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+Susan+B.+Anthony&rft.pub=Federal+Judicial+Center&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Ann+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ftrials%2Fsusanbanthony.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Griffith, Elisabeth (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inherownright00elis"><i>In Her Own Right: The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-503440-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-503440-6">0-19-503440-6</a></li> <li>Hewitt, Nancy A., 2001. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Izg05RynLZgC">Women's Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822–1872</a></i>. Lexington Books, Lanham, Maryland. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7391-0297-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7391-0297-4">0-7391-0297-4</a>.</li> <li>Hull, N. E. H. (2012). <i>The Woman Who Dared to Vote: The Trial of Susan B. Anthony</i>. University Press of Kansas. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0700618491" title="Special:BookSources/978-0700618491">978-0700618491</a>.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rossiter_Johnson" title="Rossiter Johnson">Johnson, Rossiter</a>, ed. (1906). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Biographical_Dictionary_of_America/Anthony,_Susan_Brownell" class="extiw" title="s:The Biographical Dictionary of America/Anthony, Susan Brownell">Anthony, Susan Brownell</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Biographical_Dictionary_of_America" title="The Biographical Dictionary of America">The Biographical Dictionary of America</a></i>. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">127–</span>128.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anthony%2C+Susan+Brownell&rft.btitle=The+Biographical+Dictionary+of+America&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E127-%3C%2Fspan%3E128&rft.pub=American+Biographical+Society&rft.date=1906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></li> <li>Lutz, Alma (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20439"><i>Susan B. Anthony: Rebel, Crusader, Humanitarian</i></a>. Boston: Beacon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89201-017-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-89201-017-7">0-89201-017-7</a>. Text provided by Project Gutenberg.</li> <li>McKelvey, Blake (April 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v7_1945/v7i2.pdf">"Susan B. Anthony"</a>. <i>Rochester History</i> (Rochester Public Library) <b>VII</b> (2).</li> <li>McDaneld, Jen. "White Suffragist Dis/Entitlement: The Revolution and the Rhetoric of Racism." <i>Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers</i> 30.2 (2013): 243–264. On racism of Anthony and Stanton in 1868–1869. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/legacy.30.2.0243">online</a></li> <li>McPherson, James (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fdE1jAheJwkC"><i>The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction</i></a>. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-04566-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-04566-6">0-691-04566-6</a>.</li> <li>Million, Joelle (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ydeGAAAAMAAJ"><i>Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Woman's Rights Movement</i></a>. Westport, CT: Praeger. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97877-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97877-X">0-275-97877-X</a>.</li> <li>Ridarsky, Christine L. and Mary M. Huth, eds. <i>Susan B. Anthony and the Struggle for Equal Rights</i> (2012) essays by scholars <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Anthony-Struggle-Rights-American-History/dp/1580464254/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Anthony, Susan B.; Gage, Matilda Joslyn; Harper, Ida (1881–1922). <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Woman_Suffrage" title="History of Woman Suffrage">History of Woman Suffrage</a></i> in six volumes. Rochester, NY: Susan B. Anthony (Charles Mann Press).</li> <li>Tetrault, Lisa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYZgAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Myth of Seneca Falls: Memory and the Women's Suffrage Movement, 1848–1898</i></a>. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-1427-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-1427-4">978-1-4696-1427-4</a></li> <li>Troncale, Jennifer M., and Jennifer Strain. "Marching with Aunt Susan: Susan B. Anthony and the Fight for Women's Suffrage." <i>Social Studies Research & Practice</i> (2013) 8#2.</li> <li>Venet, Wendy Hamand (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PfE0ULar1JgC"><i>Neither Ballots nor Bullets: Women Abolitionists and the Civil War</i></a>. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813913421" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813913421">978-0813913421</a>.</li> <li>Ward, Geoffrey C., with essays by Martha Saxton, Ann D. Gordon and Ellen Carol DuBois (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notforourselvesa00ward"><i>Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony</i></a>. New York: Alfred Knopf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-40560-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-40560-7">0-375-40560-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h4></div> <ul><li>DuBois, Ellen C. ed. <i>Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony: Correspondence, Writings, Speeches</i> (rev. ed., 1992).</li> <li>Gordon, Ann D., ed. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dBs4CO1DsF4C"><i>The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: In the School of Anti-Slavery, 1840 to 1866</i></a>. Vol. 1 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-2317-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-2317-6">0-8135-2317-6</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Ann D., ed. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kjq1rbyN_IQC"><i>The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: Against an aristocracy of sex, 1866 to 1873</i></a>. Vol. 2 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-2318-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-2318-4">0-8135-2318-4</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Ann D., ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U3diaaiUZjQC"><i>The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: National protection for national citizens, 1873 to 1880</i></a>. Vol. 3 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-2319-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-2319-2">0-8135-2319-2</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Ann D., ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=swByA6qRq6AC"><i>The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: When clowns make laws for queens, 1880–1887</i></a>. Vol. 4 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-2320-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-2320-6">0-8135-2320-6</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Ann D., ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QSWhKqKt1moC"><i>The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: Place Inside the Body-Politic, 1887 to 1895</i></a>. Vol. 5 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-2321-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-2321-7">978-0-8135-2321-7</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Ann D., ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zEhC4G4uqOUC"><i>The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: An Awful Hush, 1895 to 1906</i></a>. Vol. 6 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-2320-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-2320-6">0-8135-2320-6</a>.</li> <li>Harper, Ida Husted (1898–1908). <i>The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony</i> in three volumes. Indianapolis: Hollenbeck Press. Harper's biography was commissioned by and written with the assistance of Susan B. Anthony. The complete text is available on the web:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Volume I: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa00unkngoog">Internet Archive</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15220">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li>Volume 2: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa01harpgoog">Internet Archive</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31125">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li>Volume 3: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandworksusa02harpgoog">Internet Archive</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dvYbAQAAMAAJ">Google Books</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Rakow" title="Lana Rakow">Rakow, Lana F.</a> and Kramarae, Cheris, editors (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ahcmo4_Jko0C"><i>The Revolution in Words: Righting Women 1868–1871</i></a>, Volume 4 of <i>Women's Source Library</i>. New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25689-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25689-6">978-0-415-25689-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Sherr" title="Lynn Sherr">Sherr, Lynn</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2po16sEMd7AC"><i>Failure Is Impossible: Susan B. Anthony in Her Own Words</i></a>. New York: Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-2430-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-2430-4">0-8129-2430-4</a></li> <li>Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eightyyearsandm00stangoog"><i>Eighty Years and More (1815–1897): Reminiscences of Elizabeth Cady Stanton</i></a>, 1898. European Publishing Company, New York.</li> <li>Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Anthony, Susan B.; DuBois, Ellen Carol (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ovDtAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Reader</i></a>. Boston: Northeastern University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55553-143-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-55553-143-1">1-55553-143-1</a>. This book provides more than 70 pages of history written by DuBois in addition to important documents by Stanton and Anthony.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Susan B. Anthony</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" class="extiw" title="c:Susan B. Anthony">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" class="extiw" title="q:Susan B. Anthony">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Susan_B._Anthony" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Susan B. Anthony">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192245" class="extiw" title="d:Q192245">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?63336-1/failure-impossible-susan-b-anthony"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Lynn Sherr on <i>Failure Is Impossible</i>, May 5, 1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss129_main.html">Susan B. Anthony Papers, 1820–1906</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607144009/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss129_main.html">Archived</a> June 7, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smith.edu/libraries/special-collections/about/sophia-smith-collection-womens-history">Sophia Smith Collection</a>, Smith College.</li> <li>Letters between Susan B. Anthony and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Foster_Avery" title="Rachel Foster Avery">Rachel Foster Avery</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/1745">"Synopsis of the Letters between Susan B. Anthony and Rachel Foster Avery"</a>. <i>Online Exhibitions: Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation at Rush Rhees Library</i>. University of Rochester Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Exhibitions%3A+Rare+Books%2C+Special+Collections+and+Preservation+at+Rush+Rhees+Library&rft.atitle=Synopsis+of+the+Letters+between+Susan+B.+Anthony+and+Rachel+Foster+Avery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbscp.lib.rochester.edu%2F1745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/susan-b-anthony">"Susan B. Anthony and Rachel Foster Avery Collection: Finding aid"</a>. <i>Online Exhibitions: Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation at Rush Rhees Library</i>. University of Rochester Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Exhibitions%3A+Rare+Books%2C+Special+Collections+and+Preservation+at+Rush+Rhees+Library&rft.atitle=Susan+B.+Anthony+and+Rachel+Foster+Avery+Collection%3A+Finding+aid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbscp.lib.rochester.edu%2Fsusan-b-anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> (Original Documents Digitized)</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/susan-b-anthony">"Susan B. Anthony: Celebrating "A Heroic Life"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Online Exhibitions: Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation at Rush Rhees Library</i>. University of Rochester Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Exhibitions%3A+Rare+Books%2C+Special+Collections+and+Preservation+at+Rush+Rhees+Library&rft.atitle=Susan+B.+Anthony%3A+Celebrating+%22A+Heroic+Life%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbscp.lib.rochester.edu%2Fsusan-b-anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbscpexhibits.lib.rochester.edu/exhibits/show/womens-rights-movement">"Upstate New York and the Women's Rights Movement"</a>. <i>Online Exhibitions: Rare Books, Special Collections and Preservation at Rush Rhees Library</i>. University of Rochester Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Exhibitions%3A+Rare+Books%2C+Special+Collections+and+Preservation+at+Rush+Rhees+Library&rft.atitle=Upstate+New+York+and+the+Women%27s+Rights+Movement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbscpexhibits.lib.rochester.edu%2Fexhibits%2Fshow%2Fwomens-rights-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/stantonanthony/resources/index.html">"Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony "</a>, a <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> project based on the film by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Susan+B.+Anthony&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Susan B. Anthony</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%20B.%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%20B%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Anthony%2C%20S%2E%20B%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Susan%20B.%20Anthony%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Susan%20B%2E%20Anthony%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22S%2E%20B%2E%20Anthony%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Susan%20Anthony%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Susan%20B.%20Anthony%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Susan%20B%2E%20Anthony%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22S%2E%20B%2E%20Anthony%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22S%2E%20B.%20Anthony%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%20B.%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%20B%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Anthony%2C%20S%2E%20B%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Anthony%2C%20S%2E%20B.%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Susan%20Anthony%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Susan%20B.%20Anthony%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Susan%20B%2E%20Anthony%22%20OR%20title%3A%22S%2E%20B%2E%20Anthony%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Susan%20Anthony%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Susan%20B.%20Anthony%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Susan%20B%2E%20Anthony%22%20OR%20description%3A%22S%2E%20B%2E%20Anthony%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%20B.%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%20B%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Susan%20Anthony%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Anthony%2C%20Susan%22%29%20OR%20%28%221820-1906%22%20AND%20Anthony%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Susan B. Anthony</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>Michals, Debra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/susan-b-anthony">"Susan B. Anthony"</a>. National Women's History Museum. 2017.</li></ul> <p><b>1873 voting trial</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.famous-trials.com/anthony/444-home">"The Trial of Susan B. Anthony: An Account"</a> by Douglas O. Linder, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt1873" class="citation web cs1">Hunt, Ward (Circuit Judge) (June 18, 1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.next.westlaw.com/Document/I32a9e23953c411d997e0acd5cbb90d3f/View/FullText.html">"United States v. Anthony (full judicial opinion)"</a>. <i>Westlaw</i>. Thomson Reuters Westlaw, publishing U.S. court opinion.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westlaw&rft.atitle=United+States+v.+Anthony+%28full+judicial+opinion%29&rft.date=1873-06-18&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Ward+%28Circuit+Judge%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.next.westlaw.com%2FDocument%2FI32a9e23953c411d997e0acd5cbb90d3f%2FView%2FFullText.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191011115842/https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F.Cas/0024.f.cas/0024.f.cas.0829.pdf">PDF archive at law.resource.org</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>1873 contemporaneous newspaper reports</b> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:18730618_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Court_-_arguments_-_The_Boston_Post.jpg">"Susan B. Anthony in Court"</a>. <i>The Boston Post</i>. June 18, 1873. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Post&rft.atitle=Susan+B.+Anthony+in+Court&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1873-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3A18730618_Susan_B._Anthony_in_Court_-_arguments_-_The_Boston_Post.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> – Includes defense arguments</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:18730619_The_Decision_of_Judge_Hunt_-_The_Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle.jpg">"The Decision of Judge Hunt"</a>. <i>The Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i>. June 19, 1873. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=The+Decision+of+Judge+Hunt&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1873-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3A18730619_The_Decision_of_Judge_Hunt_-_The_Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> – Newspaperman's case review and opinion piece advocating continued gender discrimination</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:18730619_18730620_Susan_B._Anthony_-_She_is_Found_Guilty_and_Fined_-_The_Chicago_Daily_Tribune.jpg">"Susan B. Anthony / She is Found Guilty ... (and) She is Fined ..."</a> <i>The Chicago Daily Tribune</i>. June 19–20, 1873. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Susan+B.+Anthony+%2F+She+is+Found+Guilty+...+%28and%29+She+is+Fined+...&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1873-06-19%2F1873-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3A18730619_18730620_Susan_B._Anthony_-_She_is_Found_Guilty_and_Fined_-_The_Chicago_Daily_Tribune.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> – Description of judicial opinion (June 19); and closing argument and sentencing (June 20)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:18731217_Tea_Party_Teachings_-_Woman%27s_Freedom_Dawning_-_The_New_York_Herald.jpg">"Tea Party Teachings / Woman's Freedom Dawning / No Taxation Without Representation"</a>. <i>The New York Herald</i>. December 17, 1873. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Herald&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+Teachings+%2F+Woman%27s+Freedom+Dawning+%2F+No+Taxation+Without+Representation&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1873-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3A18731217_Tea_Party_Teachings_-_Woman%2527s_Freedom_Dawning_-_The_New_York_Herald.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+B.+Anthony" class="Z3988"></span> – Includes Anthony's speech to the Union League Club, New York, on the centennial of the Boston Tea Party</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Susan_B._Anthony115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Susan_B._Anthony" title="Template:Susan B. Anthony"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Susan_B._Anthony" title="Template talk:Susan B. Anthony"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Susan_B._Anthony" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Susan B. Anthony"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Susan_B._Anthony115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Susan B. Anthony</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-founder with<br /><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Loyal_National_League" title="Women's Loyal National League">Women's Loyal National League</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Equal_Rights_Association" title="American Equal Rights Association">American Equal Rights Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National Woman Suffrage Association">National Woman Suffrage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National American Woman Suffrage Association">National American Woman Suffrage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_(newspaper)" title="The Revolution (newspaper)"><i>The Revolution</i> newspaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Women" title="International Council of Women">International Council of Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Woman_Suffrage" title="History of Woman Suffrage">History of Woman Suffrage</a></i> (1881 book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony_Papers" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers">Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Birthplace_Museum" title="Susan B. Anthony Birthplace Museum">Susan B. Anthony Birthplace Museum (Adams, Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Childhood_House" title="Susan B. Anthony Childhood House">Susan B. Anthony Childhood House (Battenville, New York)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_House" title="Susan B. Anthony House">Susan B. Anthony House (Rochester, New York)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors and<br />depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Day" title="Susan B. Anthony Day">Susan B. Anthony Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">United States ten-dollar bill (proposed)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_Monument" title="Portrait Monument">Portrait Monument</a></i> (U.S. Capitol)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rights_Pioneers_Monument" title="Women's Rights Pioneers Monument">Women's Rights Pioneers Monument</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jailed_for_Freedom" title="Jailed for Freedom">Jailed for Freedom</a></i> (1920 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mother_of_Us_All" title="The Mother of Us All">The Mother of Us All</a></i> (1947 opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Not_for_Ourselves_Alone" title="Not for Ourselves Alone">Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony</a></i> (1999 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass%E2%80%93Susan_B._Anthony_Memorial_Bridge" title="Frederick Douglass–Susan B. Anthony Memorial Bridge">Douglass–Anthony Memorial Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Read_Anthony" title="Daniel Read Anthony">Daniel Read Anthony</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Stafford_Anthony" title="Mary Stafford Anthony">Mary Stafford Anthony</a> (sister, associate)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Susan_B._Anthony" title="Trial of Susan B. Anthony">1873 trial for unauthorized voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Rights_Convention" title="National Women's Rights Convention">National Women's Rights Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_abortion_dispute" title="Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute">Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans_inductees46" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Template:Hall of Fame for Great Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Template talk:Hall of Fame for Great Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hall of Fame for Great Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans_inductees46" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Hall of Fame for Great Americans">Hall of Fame for Great Americans</a> inductees</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">George Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher" title="Henry Ward Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Booth" title="Edwin Booth">Edwin Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Brooks" title="Phillips Brooks">Phillips Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">William Cullen Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Burbank" title="Luther Burbank">Luther Burbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing" title="William Ellery Channing">William Ellery Channing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cooper" title="Peter Cooper">Peter Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Cushman" title="Charlotte Cushman">Charlotte Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Eads" title="James Buchanan Eads">James Buchanan Eads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">David Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah W. Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Gorgas" title="William C. Gorgas">William C. Gorgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Gray" title="Asa Gray">Asa Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hopkins_(educator)" title="Mark Hopkins (educator)">Mark Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Howe" title="Elias Howe">Elias Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Thomas J. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">John Paul Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kent_(jurist)" title="James Kent (jurist)">James Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lanier" title="Sidney Lanier">Sidney Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">James Russell Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell" title="Edward MacDowell">Edward MacDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Horace Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Fontaine_Maury" title="Matthew Fontaine Maury">Matthew Fontaine Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel F. B. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._G._Morton" title="William T. G. Morton">William T. G. Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lothrop_Motley" title="John Lothrop Motley">John Lothrop Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Freeman_Palmer" title="Alice Freeman Palmer">Alice Freeman Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman" title="Francis Parkman">Francis Parkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Peabody" title="George Peabody">George Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed" title="Walter Reed">Walter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint-Gaudens" title="Augustus Saint-Gaudens">Augustus Saint-Gaudens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer" title="Sylvanus Thayer">Sylvanus Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Whitney" title="Eli Whitney">Eli Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Orville Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wilbur Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Quakers73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quakers" title="Template:Quakers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quakers" title="Template talk:Quakers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Quakers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Quakers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Quakers73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quakers" title="List of Quakers">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(English_Quaker)" title="William Allen (English Quaker)">William Allen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barclay" title="Robert Barclay">Robert Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Bean" title="Joel Bean">Joel Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Benezet" title="Anthony Benezet">Anthony Benezet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Brinton" title="Howard Brinton">Howard Brinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cadbury" title="John Cadbury">John Cadbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Coffin" title="Levi Coffin">Levi Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Conway_(philosopher)" title="Anne Conway (philosopher)">Anne Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Corder" title="Susanna Corder">Susanna Corder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Evans_(Quaker_minister)" title="Joshua Evans (Quaker minister)">Joshua Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fell" title="Margaret Fell">Margaret Fell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fry" title="Elizabeth Fry">Elizabeth Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Gurney" title="Joseph John Gurney">Joseph John Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Harrison" title="Ruth Harrison">Ruth Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Heath" title="Carl Heath">Carl Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hicks" title="Edward Hicks">Edward Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Hicks" title="Elias Hicks">Elias Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hodgkin" title="Henry Hodgkin">Henry Hodgkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Jones_(writer)" title="Rufus Jones (writer)">Rufus Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Raymond_Kelly_(Quaker_mystic)" title="Thomas Raymond Kelly (Quaker mystic)">Thomas R. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah_Kingsley" title="Zephaniah Kingsley">Zephaniah Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lay" title="Benjamin Lay">Benjamin Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Matthews" title="Dave Matthews">Dave Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Nayler" title="James Nayler">James Nayler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Palmer" title="Parker Palmer">Parker Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pleasants" title="Robert Pleasants">Robert Pleasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross" title="Betsy Ross">Betsy Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Coffin_Starbuck" title="Mary Coffin Starbuck">Mary Coffin Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessamyn_West_(writer)" title="Jessamyn West (writer)">Jessamyn West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilbur_(Quaker_minister)" title="John Wilbur (Quaker minister)">John Wilbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Woolman" title="John Woolman">John Woolman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yearly_Meeting" title="Yearly Meeting">Yearly Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthly_meeting" title="Monthly meeting">Monthly Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Quaker_Action_Group" title="A Quaker Action Group">A Quaker Action Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_Yearly_Meeting" title="Britain Yearly Meeting">Britain Yearly Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Yearly_Meeting_of_Friends" title="Central Yearly Meeting of Friends">Central Yearly Meeting of Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends" title="Conservative Friends">Conservative Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Friends_Church_International" title="Evangelical Friends Church International">Evangelical Friends Church International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Committee_on_National_Legislation" title="Friends Committee on National Legislation">Friends Committee on National Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_General_Conference" title="Friends General Conference">Friends General Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_United_Meeting" title="Friends United Meeting">Friends United Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_World_Committee_for_Consultation" title="Friends World Committee for Consultation">Friends World Committee for Consultation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheist_Quakers" title="Nontheist Quakers">Nontheist Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Council_for_European_Affairs" title="Quaker Council for European Affairs">Quaker Council for European Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Quaker Peace and Social Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_United_Nations_Office" title="Quaker United Nations Office">Quaker United Nations Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakerism_in_Sichuan" title="Quakerism in Sichuan">Szechwan Yearly Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Gathering_of_Young_Friends" title="World Gathering of Young Friends">World Gathering of Young Friends</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testimonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_peace" title="Testimony of peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_equality" title="Testimony of equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_integrity" title="Testimony of integrity">Integrity ("Truth")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Simplicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Testimony of Simplicity">Simplicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_North_America" title="Quakers in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Latin_America" title="Quakers in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Europe" title="Quakers in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Africa" title="Quakers in Africa">Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quaker_businesses,_organizations_and_charities" title="List of Quaker businesses, organizations and charities">Businesses, organizations and charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_science" title="Quakers in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_(Quaker)" title="Clerk (Quaker)">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_decision-making" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker decision-making">Decision Making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Discipline_(Quaker)" title="Book of Discipline (Quaker)"><i>Faith and Practice</i> or <i>Book of Discipline</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Quakers" title="History of the Quakers">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Experiment" title="Holy Experiment">Holy Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Quakerism" title="Homosexuality and Quakerism">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inward_light" title="Inward light">Inward light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_meeting_house" title="Friends meeting house">Meeting houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_perfection#Quaker_teaching" title="Christian perfection">Perfectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Query_(Quaker)" title="Query (Quaker)">Query</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Friends_schools" title="List of Friends schools">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Tapestry" title="Quaker Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_wedding" title="Quaker wedding">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_views_on_women" title="Quaker views on women">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Friends_Service_Committee_Nobel_nominees" title="List of American Friends Service Committee Nobel nominees">ASFC Nobel nominees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suffrage143" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Suffrage" title="Template:Suffrage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Suffrage" title="Template talk:Suffrage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suffrage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Suffrage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Suffrage143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">Universal suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomination_rules" title="Nomination rules">Right to run for office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_manhood_suffrage" title="Universal manhood suffrage">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_suffrage" title="Black suffrage">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_suffrage" title="Youth suffrage">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-citizen_suffrage" title="Non-citizen suffrage">Non-citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-resident_citizen_voting" title="Non-resident citizen voting">Non-resident citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_age" title="Voting age">Voting age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeny_voting" title="Demeny voting">Demeny voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">Suffragette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_voting" title="Compulsory voting">Compulsory voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement" title="Disfranchisement">Disfranchisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">Women's liberation movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Austria" title="Women's suffrage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage_in_Australia" title="Suffrage in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Franchise_Act_1902" title="Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902">1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples">aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Canada" title="Women's suffrage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Chile" title="Women's suffrage in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Colombia" title="Women's suffrage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Ecuador" title="Women's suffrage in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_development_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic development in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_India" title="Women's suffrage in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Japan" title="Women's suffrage in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Kuwait" title="Women's suffrage in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Women's suffrage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Mexico" title="Women's suffrage in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's suffrage in the Spanish Civil War period">Spain (Civil War,</a> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Francoist_Spain_and_the_democratic_transition" title="Women's suffrage in Francoist Spain and the democratic transition">Francoist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Women's suffrage in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's suffrage in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland" title="Women's suffrage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom">women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Scotland" title="Women's suffrage in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Wales" title="Women's suffrage in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li>laws <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1918" title="Representation of the People Act 1918">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_(Equal_Franchise)_Act_1928" title="Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928">1928</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Voting rights in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Black suffrage in the United States">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_civil_rights#Voting" title="Native American civil rights">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felony_disenfranchisement_in_the_United_States" title="Felony disenfranchisement in the United States">felons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_foreigners_to_vote_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of foreigners to vote in the United States">foreigners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_voting_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia voting rights">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_voting_rights_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Federal voting rights in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_states_of_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in states of the United States">states</a></li> <li>Constitutional amendments: <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">23rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">26th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act" title="Indian Citizenship Act">Indian Citizenship Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">1965 Voting Rights Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Women" title="International Alliance of Women">International Woman Suffrage Alliance</a> conferences <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="Second Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="Third Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="Fourth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="Fifth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="Sixth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="Eighth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="9th Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="10th Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="11th Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="12th Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="13th Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Conference_of_the_International_Woman_Suffrage_Alliance" title="14th Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance">14th</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hong Kong</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches" title="Hong Kong 1 July marches">Hong Kong 1 July marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">2014 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1906_WSPU_march" title="1906 WSPU march">WSPU march (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_March_(suffragists)" title="Mud March (suffragists)">Mud March (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Sunday" title="Women's Sunday">Women's Sunday (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(1910)" title="Black Friday (1910)">Black Friday (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Downing_Street" title="Battle of Downing Street">Battle of Downing Street (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Coronation_Procession" title="Women's Coronation Procession">Women's Coronation Procession (1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Pilgrimage" title="Great Pilgrimage">Great Pilgrimage (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Christmas_Letter" title="Open Christmas Letter">Open Christmas Letter (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette_bombing_and_arson_campaign" title="Suffragette bombing and arson campaign">Suffragette bombing and arson campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention" title="Seneca Falls Convention">Seneca Falls Convention (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Sentiments" title="Declaration of Sentiments">Declaration of Sentiments (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Women%27s_Rights_Convention_of_1848" title="Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848">Rochester Convention (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Women%27s_Convention_at_Salem_in_1850" title="Ohio Women's Convention at Salem in 1850">Ohio Women's Convention (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Women%27s_Convention_at_Akron_in_1851" title="Ohio Women's Convention at Akron in 1851">Ohio Women's Convention (1851)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Rights_Convention" title="National Women's Rights Convention">National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Susan_B._Anthony" title="Trial of Susan B. Anthony">Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage_Hikes" title="Suffrage Hikes">Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Suffrage_Procession" title="Woman Suffrage Procession">Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage_Torch" title="Suffrage Torch">Suffrage Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage_Special" title="Suffrage Special">Suffrage Special (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Sentinels" title="Silent Sentinels">Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Sentinels#Occoquan_Workhouse_and_the_Night_of_Terror" title="Silent Sentinels">Night of Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_Special" title="Prison Special">Prison Special</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_Us_the_Ballot" title="Give Us the Ballot">"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_to_women%27s_suffrage" title="List of monuments and memorials to women's suffrage">(memorials)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffragists_and_suffragettes" title="List of suffragists and suffragettes">List of suffragists and suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage" title="Timeline of women's suffrage">Timeline of women's suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States">US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_women%27s_suffrage_in_majority-Muslim_countries" title="Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries">in majority-Muslim countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_Suffragettes" title="Historiography of the Suffragettes">Historiography of the Suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_organizations_and_publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's suffrage organizations and publications">Women's suffrage organizations and publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_rights_activists" title="List of women's rights activists">Women's rights activists</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leser_v._Garnett" title="Leser v. Garnett">Leser v. Garnett</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont%E2%80%93Paul_Women%27s_Equality_National_Monument" title="Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument">Belmont–Paul Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_up,_Women_(Emmeline_Pankhurst_statue)" title="Rise up, Women (Emmeline Pankhurst statue)"><i>Rise up, Women</i> (Emmeline Pankhurst statue)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmeline_and_Christabel_Pankhurst_Memorial" title="Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial">Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Statue of Elizabeth Cady Stanton"><i>Elizabeth Cady Stanton</i> statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette_Memorial" title="Suffragette Memorial">Suffragette Memorial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_Monument" title="Portrait Monument">Portrait Monument</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rights_Pioneers_Monument" title="Women's Rights Pioneers Monument">Women's Rights Pioneers Monument</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_(statue)" title="Forward (statue)"><i>Forward</i> statue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sheppard_National_Memorial" title="Kate Sheppard National Memorial">Kate Sheppard National Memorial</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Millicent_Fawcett" title="Statue of Millicent Fawcett"><i>Millicent Fawcett</i> statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Petition_(sculpture)" title="Great Petition (sculpture)"><i>Great Petition</i> (2008 sculpture)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centenary_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_Commemorative_Fountain" title="Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain">Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Resilience_(sculpture)" title="Resilience (sculpture)">Resilience</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_Suffragist_Memorial" title="Turning Point Suffragist Memorial">Turning Point Suffragist Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_House_(suffragette%27s_rest)" title="Eagle House (suffragette's rest)">Eagle House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankhurst_Centre" title="Pankhurst Centre">Pankhurst Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulsdale" title="Paulsdale">Paulsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Suffragette_Handkerchief" title="The Suffragette Handkerchief">Suffragette Handkerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSPU_Holloway_Prisoners_Banner" title="WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner">Holloway banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holloway_brooch" title="Holloway brooch">Holloway brooch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holloway_Jingles" title="Holloway Jingles">Holloway Jingles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_Strike_Medal" title="Hunger Strike Medal">Hunger Strike Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Bell_(Valley_Forge)" title="Justice Bell (Valley Forge)">Justice Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage_jewellery" title="Suffrage jewellery">Suffrage jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette_penny" title="Suffragette penny">Suffragette penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Suffrage_Oak" title="The Suffrage Oak">Suffrage Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rights_National_Historical_Park" title="Women's Rights National Historical Park">Women's Rights National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Suffrage_National_Monument" title="Women's Suffrage National Monument">Women's Suffrage National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Day" title="Susan B. Anthony Day">Susan B. Anthony Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Day" title="Women's Equality Day">Women's Equality Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voting_Rights_Museum" title="National Voting Rights Museum">National Voting Rights Museum (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella_Movement" title="Umbrella Movement">Umbrella Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Women%27s_Marseillaise" title="The Women's Marseillaise">The Women's Marseillaise</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_the_Women" title="The March of the Women">"The March of the Women" (1910 song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mother_of_Us_All" title="The Mother of Us All"><i>The Mother of Us All</i> (1947 opera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Suffragette" title="Sister Suffragette">"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage_drama" title="Suffrage drama">Suffrage plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_film" title="Women's suffrage in film">Women's suffrage in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votes_for_Women_(film)" title="Votes for Women (film)"><i>Votes for Women</i> (1912 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_to_Shoulder" title="Shoulder to Shoulder"><i>Shoulder to Shoulder</i> (1974 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_for_Ourselves_Alone" title="Not for Ourselves Alone"><i>Not for Ourselves Alone</i> (1999 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Jawed_Angels" title="Iron Jawed Angels"><i>Iron Jawed Angels</i> (2004 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_the_Women" title="Up the Women"><i>Up the Women</i> (2013 sitcom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)"><i>Selma</i> (2014 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragette_(film)" title="Suffragette (film)"><i>Suffragette</i> (2015 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_(musical)" title="Sylvia (musical)">Sylvia</a></i> (2018 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suffs" title="Suffs">Suffs</a></i> (2022 musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lioness_(upcoming_film)" title="Lioness (upcoming film)"><i>Lioness</i> (upcoming film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_ten-dollar_note" title="New Zealand ten-dollar note">New Zealand ten-dollar note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Suffrage_Centennial_silver_dollar" title="Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar">Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar</a> (2020 U.S. commemorative)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill#Rejected_redesign_and_new_2020_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">2020 US ten-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_women%27s_suffrage_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States">Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Music and women's suffrage in the United States">Music and women's suffrage in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberal_feminism55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FFD700;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_feminism" title="Template:Liberal feminism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_feminism" title="Template talk:Liberal feminism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_feminism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal feminism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_feminism55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal feminism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE347;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_work" title="Right to work">Right to work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equal_pay_for_equal_work" title="Equal pay for equal work">equal pay for equal work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_development" title="Women in development">Women in development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_foreign_policy" title="Feminist foreign policy">Feminist foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism#LGBT_rights" title="Liberal feminism">LGBT+ rights</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione1_1F33B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Emojione1_1F33B.svg/100px-Emojione1_1F33B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Emojione1_1F33B.svg/150px-Emojione1_1F33B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Emojione1_1F33B.svg/200px-Emojione1_1F33B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE347;">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">Liberal state feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_feminism" title="Equality feminism">Equality feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_feminism" title="Social feminism">Social feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">Difference feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE347;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE347;">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Association_of_Female_Citizens" title="German Association of Female Citizens">German Association of Female Citizens</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Women%27s_Society" title="Danish Women's Society">Danish Women's Society</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Association_for_Women%27s_Rights" title="Norwegian Association for Women's Rights">Norwegian Association for Women's Rights</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrika_Bremer_Association" title="Fredrika Bremer Association">Fredrika Bremer Association</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Women" title="International Council of Women">International Council of Women</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Women_of_the_United_States" title="National Council of Women of the United States">National Council of Women of the United States</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naisasialiitto_Unioni" title="Naisasialiitto Unioni">Naisasialiitto Unioni</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Women" title="International Alliance of Women">International Alliance of Women</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Women%27s_Rights_Association" title="Icelandic Women's Rights Association">Icelandic Women's Rights Association</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_League_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Women's International League for Peace and Freedom">Women's International League for Peace and Freedom</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Women_Voters" title="League of Women Voters">League of Women Voters</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Women%27s_Conference" title="All India Women's Conference">All India Women's Conference</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Women_Voters_of_Japan" title="League of Women Voters of Japan">League of Women Voters of Japan</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Frauenring" title="Deutscher Frauenring">Deutscher Frauenring</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Pakistan_Women%27s_Association" title="All Pakistan Women's Association">All Pakistan Women's Association</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Women%27s_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="German Women's Council">German Women's Council</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawcett_Society" title="Fawcett Society">Fawcett Society</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Political_Caucus" title="National Women's Political Caucus">National Women's Political Caucus</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE347;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention" title="Seneca Falls Convention">Seneca Falls Convention</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Rights_Convention" title="National Women's Rights Convention">National Women's Rights Convention</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Society_for_Women%27s_Suffrage" title="National Society for Women's Suffrage">National Society for Women's Suffrage</a> (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_National_Society_for_Women%27s_Suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="London National Society for Women's Suffrage">London National Society for Women's Suffrage</a> (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National Woman Suffrage Association">National Woman Suffrage Association</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="American Woman Suffrage Association">American Woman Suffrage Association</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National American Woman Suffrage Association">National American Woman Suffrage Association</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bund_Deutscher_Frauenvereine" title="Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine">Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_Societies" title="National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies">National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies</a> (1897)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE347;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Sargent_Murray" title="Judith Sargent Murray">Judith Sargent Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Taylor_Mill" title="Harriet Taylor Mill">Harriet Taylor Mill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millicent_Fawcett" title="Millicent Fawcett">Millicent Fawcett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_Hye-sok" class="mw-redirect" title="Na Hye-sok">Na Hye-sok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Krog" title="Gina Krog">Gina Krog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagbart_Berner" title="Hagbart Berner">Hagbart Berner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrikke_Marie_Qvam" title="Fredrikke Marie Qvam">Fredrikke Marie Qvam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margery_Corbett_Ashby" title="Margery Corbett Ashby">Margery Corbett Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Rydh" title="Hanna Rydh">Hanna Rydh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarete_Bonnevie" title="Margarete Bonnevie">Margarete Bonnevie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Kolstad" title="Eva Kolstad">Eva Kolstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27ana_Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan">Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE347;">Symbolism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism#Symbolism" title="Liberal feminism">Sunflower</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192245#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2885" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192245#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2885" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192245#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000082107872">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/27864812">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/95732/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtRPXCdjgF7YVpwqrGj4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118645331">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Anthony, Susan B. (Susan Brownell), 1820-1906"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82096260">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb161833471">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb161833471">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01038673">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36507824">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=zcu2014821299&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1367219">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p088000729">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=127917">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/97mqvbxt21qnwwk">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007429785705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14294174">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12220831?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/aa2d577c-486b-4a3b-81bb-28ad8ca145db">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1263569">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118645331.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118645331">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/083731660">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10568773">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66r2ntn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_B._Anthony&oldid=1277206051">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_B._Anthony&oldid=1277206051</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Susan_B._Anthony" title="Category:Susan B. 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