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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First congressional term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_congressional_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Between_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Between_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Between terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Between_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_congressional_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_congressional_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Second congressional term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_congressional_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeannette Rankin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%86" title="جانيت بيكرينغ رانكن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جانيت بيكرينغ رانكن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ژانت رانکین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژانت رانکین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankinov%C3%A1" title="Jeannette Rankinová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeannette Rankinová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ژانت رانکین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژانت رانکین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EB%84%B7_%EB%9E%AD%ED%82%A8" title="저넷 랭킨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저넷 랭킨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A9_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ջանեթ Ռենկին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջանեթ Ռենկին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ג'נט רנקין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'נט רנקין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯინეტ რენკინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯინეტ რენკინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%86" title="جانيت بيرينج رانكن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جانيت بيرينج رانكن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3" title="ジャネット・ランキン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャネット・ランキン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%90%D9%BC_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ژانېټ رانکین – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژانېټ رانکین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Рэнкин, Джанет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рэнкин, Джанет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jeannette Rankin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Жанетт Ренкін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жанетт Ренкін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E5%A6%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%87%91" title="珍妮特·蘭金 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="珍妮特·蘭金" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232407#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First woman elected to U.S. Congress (1880–1973)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jeannette Rankin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeannette_Rankin,_Bain_News_Service,_facing_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Bain_News_Service%2C_facing_front.jpg/220px-Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Bain_News_Service%2C_facing_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Bain_News_Service%2C_facing_front.jpg/330px-Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Bain_News_Service%2C_facing_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Bain_News_Service%2C_facing_front.jpg/440px-Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Bain_News_Service%2C_facing_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3019" data-file-height="4479" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Rankin in 1917</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Thorkelson" title="Jacob Thorkelson">Jacob Thorkelson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Montana01 !"><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Montana's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1919<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/John_M._Evans" title="John M. Evans">John Evans</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stout" title="Tom Stout">Tom Stout</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>John Evans (1st district)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Riddick" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Riddick">Carl Riddick</a> (<a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Montana's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="MontanaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Montana's at-large congressional district">At-large district</a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jeannette Pickering Rankin</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1880-06-11</span>)</span>June 11, 1880<br /><a href="/wiki/Missoula_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Missoula County">Missoula County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 18, 1973<span style="display:none">(1973-05-18)</span> (aged 92)<br /><a href="/wiki/Carmel,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmel, California">Carmel, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(United_States)" title="National Party (United States)">National</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Montana" title="University of Montana">University of Montana</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._S." class="mw-redirect" title="B. S.">BS</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_School_of_Social_Work" title="Columbia University School of Social Work">Columbia University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jeannette Pickering Rankin</b> (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was an American politician and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> advocate who became the first woman to hold federal office in the United States. She was elected to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> as a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> from <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> in <a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1916 United States House of Representatives elections">1916</a> for one term, then was elected again in <a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1940 United States House of Representatives elections">1940</a>. Rankin remains the only <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Montana_government" title="Women in the Montana government">woman ever elected to Congress from Montana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each of Rankin's congressional terms coincided with the initiation of U.S. military intervention in both <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">world wars</a>. A lifelong <a href="/wiki/Pacifist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacifist">pacifist</a>, she was one of 50 House members who opposed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">declaration of war on Germany in 1917</a>. In 1941, she was the sole member of Congress to vote against the <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Japan" title="United States declaration of war on Japan">declaration of war on Japan</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">suffragist</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a>, Rankin organized and lobbied for legislation enfranchising women in several states, including Montana, New York, and North Dakota. While in Congress, she introduced legislation that eventually became the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th Constitutional Amendment</a>, granting unrestricted voting rights to women nationwide. She championed a multitude of diverse women's rights and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> causes throughout a career that spanned more than six decades. In 1920, she helped found the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> and served as a vice president. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rankin was born on June 11, 1880, near <a href="/wiki/Missoula" class="mw-redirect" title="Missoula">Missoula</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a>, nine years before the territory became a state, to school teacher Olive (<i>née</i> Pickering) and Scottish-Canadian immigrant John Rankin, a wealthy mill owner.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the eldest of six children, including five sisters (one of whom died in childhood) and a brother, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_D._Rankin" title="Wellington D. Rankin">Wellington</a>, who became <a href="/wiki/Montana_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana Attorney General">Montana's attorney general</a> and later, a justice on the <a href="/wiki/Montana_Supreme_Court" title="Montana Supreme Court">Montana Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200233–34,_38_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200233–34,_38-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of her sisters, <a href="/wiki/Edna_Rankin_McKinnon" title="Edna Rankin McKinnon">Edna Rankin McKinnon</a>, became the first Montana-born woman to pass the bar exam in Montana and was an early social activist for access to <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a>. </p><p>As an adolescent on her family ranch, Rankin had many tasks, including cleaning, sewing, farm chores, outdoor work, and helping care for her younger siblings. She helped maintain the ranch machinery and once single-handedly built a wooden sidewalk for a building her father owned so it could be rented.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199523–25_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199523–25-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rankin later recorded her childhood observation that while women of the 1890s western frontier labored side by side as equals with men, they did not have an equal political voice—nor a legal right to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rankin graduated from high school in 1898. She studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Montana" title="University of Montana">University of Montana</a> and, in 1902, received a Bachelor of Science degree in biology. Before her political and advocacy career, she explored a variety of careers, including dressmaking, furniture design, and teaching.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her father died in 1904, Rankin took on the responsibility of caring for her younger siblings.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism_and_suffrage_movement">Activism and suffrage movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activism and suffrage movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RANKIN,_JEANETTE._REP._FROM_MONTANA_03032v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/RANKIN%2C_JEANETTE._REP._FROM_MONTANA_03032v.jpg/220px-RANKIN%2C_JEANETTE._REP._FROM_MONTANA_03032v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/RANKIN%2C_JEANETTE._REP._FROM_MONTANA_03032v.jpg/330px-RANKIN%2C_JEANETTE._REP._FROM_MONTANA_03032v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/RANKIN%2C_JEANETTE._REP._FROM_MONTANA_03032v.jpg/440px-RANKIN%2C_JEANETTE._REP._FROM_MONTANA_03032v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Jeannette Rankin, Representative from Montana</figcaption></figure> <p>At the age of 27, Rankin moved to San Francisco to take a job in social work, a new and developing field.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confident that she had found her calling, she enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_School_of_Philanthropy" class="mw-redirect" title="New York School of Philanthropy">New York School of Philanthropy</a> in New York City<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1908 to 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a brief period as a social worker in <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rankin moved to Seattle to attend the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>, and became involved in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> movement. In November 1910, Washington voters approved an amendment to their state constitution to permanently enfranchise women, the fifth state in the Union to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returning to New York, Rankin became one of the organizers of the New York Woman Suffrage Party,<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which joined with other suffrage organizations to promote a similar suffrage bill in that state's legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-Montana_Suffragist_Latest_Lobby_Worker_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montana_Suffragist_Latest_Lobby_Worker-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, Rankin also traveled to Washington to lobby Congress on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National American Woman Suffrage Association">National American Woman Suffrage Association</a> (NAWSA).<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Montana_Suffragist_Latest_Lobby_Worker_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montana_Suffragist_Latest_Lobby_Worker-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rankin returned to Montana and rose through the ranks of suffrage organizations, becoming the president of the Montana Women's Suffrage Association and the national field secretary of NAWSA.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1911, she became the first woman to speak before the Montana legislature, arguing in support of enfranchisement for women in her home state.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1914, Montana became the seventh state to grant women unrestricted voting rights.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199529–31_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199529–31-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rankin coordinated the efforts of a variety of <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots organizations</a> to promote her suffrage campaigns in New York and Montana (and later in North Dakota as well).<sup id="cite_ref-Montana_Suffragist_Latest_Lobby_Worker_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montana_Suffragist_Latest_Lobby_Worker-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, she would draw from the same grassroots infrastructure during her 1916 congressional campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-peace_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peace-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rankin later compared her work in the women's suffrage movement to promoting the pacifist <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a> that defined her congressional career. She believed, as did many suffragists of the period, that the corruption and dysfunction of the United States government resulted from a lack of women's participation. At a <a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">disarmament</a> conference during the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar years">interwar</a> period, she said, "The peace problem is a woman's problem."<sup id="cite_ref-peace_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peace-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_congressional_term">First congressional term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First congressional term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:For_Congress,_Jeannette_Rankin,_Republican_Ticket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/For_Congress%2C_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Republican_Ticket.jpg/220px-For_Congress%2C_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Republican_Ticket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/For_Congress%2C_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Republican_Ticket.jpg/330px-For_Congress%2C_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Republican_Ticket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/For_Congress%2C_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Republican_Ticket.jpg/440px-For_Congress%2C_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_Republican_Ticket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Jeannette Rankin Republican ticket circa 1917.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rankin's campaign for one of Montana's two <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a> House seats in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1916" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1916">congressional election of 1916</a> was financed and managed by her brother Wellington, an influential member of the <a href="/wiki/Montana_Republican_Party" title="Montana Republican Party">Montana Republican Party</a>. She traveled long distances to reach the state's widely scattered population. Rankin rallied support at train stations, street corners, potluck suppers on ranches, and remote one-room schoolhouses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She ran as a <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a>, emphasizing her support of suffrage, social welfare, and prohibition.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before her election she spoke on several occasion in favor of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Republican primary, Rankin received the most votes of the eight Republican candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the at-large general election on November 7, the top two vote-getters won the seats. Rankin finished second in the voting, defeating <a href="/wiki/Frank_Bird_Linderman" title="Frank Bird Linderman">Frank Bird Linderman</a>, among others, to become the first woman elected to Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her victory speech, she said, "I am deeply conscious of the responsibility resting upon me" as the only woman in the nation with voting power in Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her election generated considerable nationwide interest, including, reportedly, several marriage proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-Walbert,_Kate_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walbert,_Kate-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Shortly after her term began, Congress was called into an extraordinary April session in response to Germany declaring unrestricted submarine warfare on all Atlantic shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 2, 1917, <a href="/wiki/President_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="President Woodrow Wilson">President Woodrow Wilson</a>, addressing a joint session, asked Congress to "make the world safe for democracy" by <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">declaring war on Germany</a>. After intense debate, the war resolution came to a vote in the House at 3:00 am on April 6;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rankin cast one of 50 votes in opposition. "I wish to stand for my country," she said, "but I cannot vote for war."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirley1995110_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirley1995110-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Years later, she would add, "I felt the first time the first woman had a chance to say no to war, she should say it."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirley1995110–111_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirley1995110–111-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although 49 male Representatives and six Senators also voted against the declaration, Rankin was singled out for criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199544–45_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199544–45-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some considered her vote a discredit to the suffragist movement and her authority in Congress; but others applauded it, including <a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Woman%27s_Party" title="National Woman's Party">National Woman's Party</a> and Representative <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a> of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miss_Jeannette_Rankin,_of_Montana,_speaking_from_the_balcony_of_the_National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association,_Monday,_April_2,_1917._LOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Miss_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_of_Montana%2C_speaking_from_the_balcony_of_the_National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association%2C_Monday%2C_April_2%2C_1917._LOC.jpg/220px-Miss_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_of_Montana%2C_speaking_from_the_balcony_of_the_National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association%2C_Monday%2C_April_2%2C_1917._LOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Miss_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_of_Montana%2C_speaking_from_the_balcony_of_the_National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association%2C_Monday%2C_April_2%2C_1917._LOC.jpg/330px-Miss_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_of_Montana%2C_speaking_from_the_balcony_of_the_National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association%2C_Monday%2C_April_2%2C_1917._LOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Miss_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_of_Montana%2C_speaking_from_the_balcony_of_the_National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association%2C_Monday%2C_April_2%2C_1917._LOC.jpg/440px-Miss_Jeannette_Rankin%2C_of_Montana%2C_speaking_from_the_balcony_of_the_National_American_Woman_Suffrage_Association%2C_Monday%2C_April_2%2C_1917._LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2337" data-file-height="3237" /></a><figcaption>Jeannette Rankin speaking from the balcony of the National American Woman Suffrage Association on April 2, 1917—the same day that President Wilson declared, "The world has to be made safe for democracy."</figcaption></figure> <p>Rankin used her office to push for better working conditions for laborers.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeannette_Rankin's_Struggle_for_Democracy_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeannette_Rankin's_Struggle_for_Democracy-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 8, 1917, the <a href="/wiki/Speculator_Mine_disaster" title="Speculator Mine disaster">Speculator Mine disaster</a> in <a href="/wiki/Butte,_Montana" title="Butte, Montana">Butte</a> left 168 miners dead. Workers called a massive protest strike over working conditions. Rankin tried to intervene, but mining companies refused to meet with her or the miners, and her proposed legislation to end the strike was unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had greater success pushing for better working conditions in the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a>. Rankin listened to the grievances of federal workers in the bureau, which included long hours and an excessively demanding work pace. She hired investigative reporter Elizabeth Watson to investigate. As a result of her efforts to draw attention to the working conditions of the bureau, Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">William McAdoo</a> convened his own investigation and ultimately limited the work day to eight hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeannette_Rankin's_Struggle_for_Democracy_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeannette_Rankin's_Struggle_for_Democracy-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1917, women had been granted some form of voting rights in about forty states. Rankin continued to lead the movement for unrestricted universal enfranchisement. She was instrumental in the creation of the Committee on Woman Suffrage and became one of its founding members.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1918, the committee delivered its report to Congress,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rankin opened congressional debate on a Constitutional amendment granting universal suffrage to women. The resolution passed in the House but was defeated by the Senate. The following year—after Rankin's congressional term had ended—the same resolution passed both chambers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After ratification by three-fourths of the states, it became the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199546–47_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199546–47-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Rankin's term, Montana's state legislature voted to replace the state's two at-large Congressional seats with two single-member districts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2002133–134_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2002133–134-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With little chance of reelection in the overwhelmingly <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> western district, Rankin chose instead to run for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Montana,_1918" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Montana, 1918">1918</a>. After losing the Republican primary to physician Oscar M. Lanstrum, she accepted the nomination of the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(United_States)" title="National Party (United States)">National Party</a> and finished third in the general election behind Lanstrum and incumbent Democrat <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Walsh" title="Thomas J. Walsh">Thomas J. Walsh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Between_terms">Between terms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Between terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_woman_congress_member_protests_increase_in_nation%27s_armed_forces._26014v_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/First_woman_congress_member_protests_increase_in_nation%27s_armed_forces._26014v_crop.jpg/220px-First_woman_congress_member_protests_increase_in_nation%27s_armed_forces._26014v_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/First_woman_congress_member_protests_increase_in_nation%27s_armed_forces._26014v_crop.jpg/330px-First_woman_congress_member_protests_increase_in_nation%27s_armed_forces._26014v_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/First_woman_congress_member_protests_increase_in_nation%27s_armed_forces._26014v_crop.jpg/440px-First_woman_congress_member_protests_increase_in_nation%27s_armed_forces._26014v_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Rankin arguing against the fortification of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> before the House Naval Affairs Committee in 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>After leaving Congress, Rankin worked as a field secretary for the <a href="/wiki/National_Consumers_League" title="National Consumers League">National Consumers League</a> and as a <a href="/wiki/Lobbyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbyist">lobbyist</a> for various pacifist organizations. She argued for the passage of a Constitutional amendment banning child labor and supported the <a href="/wiki/Sheppard%E2%80%93Towner_Act" title="Sheppard–Towner Act">Sheppard–Towner Act</a>, the first federal social welfare program created explicitly for women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation was enacted in 1921 but repealed eight years later,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though many of its key provisions were incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act_of_1935" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Security Act of 1935">Social Security Act of 1935</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, Rankin helped found the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> and served as a vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1924, Rankin bought a small farm in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>. She lived a simple life there, without electricity or plumbing,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirley1995114_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirley1995114-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although she also maintained a residence in Montana.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rankin made frequent speeches around the country on behalf of the Women's Peace Union and the National Council for the Prevention of War (NCPW). In 1928 she founded the Georgia Peace Society, which served as headquarters for her <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a> campaign until its dissolution in 1941, on the eve of the U.S. involvement in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, Rankin opposed <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">President Franklin Roosevelt's</a> proposals to intervene on the British side against Germany and its allies, arguing that both sides wished to avoid a second European war and would pursue a diplomatic solution. She testified before multiple Congressional committees in opposition to various preparedness measures. When it became clear that her lobbying efforts were largely ineffective, Rankin resigned from her NCPW position and declared her intention to regain her seat in the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_congressional_term">Second congressional term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second congressional term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miss_Janette_(i.e.,_Jeannette)_Rankin_LCCN2016821746.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Miss_Janette_%28i.e.%2C_Jeannette%29_Rankin_LCCN2016821746.jpg/220px-Miss_Janette_%28i.e.%2C_Jeannette%29_Rankin_LCCN2016821746.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Miss_Janette_%28i.e.%2C_Jeannette%29_Rankin_LCCN2016821746.jpg/330px-Miss_Janette_%28i.e.%2C_Jeannette%29_Rankin_LCCN2016821746.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Miss_Janette_%28i.e.%2C_Jeannette%29_Rankin_LCCN2016821746.jpg/440px-Miss_Janette_%28i.e.%2C_Jeannette%29_Rankin_LCCN2016821746.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5994" data-file-height="4328" /></a><figcaption>Jeannette Rankin</figcaption></figure> <p>Rankin began her campaign for Congress in 1939 with a tour of high schools in Montana. She arranged to speak in 52 of the first congressional district's 56 high schools to reestablish her ties to the region after years of spending much of her time in Georgia. Once again, Rankin enjoyed the political support of her well connected brother Wellington, even though the siblings had increasingly divergent lifestyles and political views.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2002172–174_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2002172–174-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1940 race, Rankin—at age 60—defeated incumbent <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Thorkelson" title="Jacob Thorkelson">Jacob Thorkelson</a>, an outspoken <a href="/wiki/Antisemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemite">antisemite</a>, in the July primary,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and former Representative <a href="/wiki/Jerry_J._O%27Connell" title="Jerry J. O'Connell">Jerry J. O'Connell</a> in the general election.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">Committee on Public Lands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Insular_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Insular Affairs">Committee on Insular Affairs</a>. While members of Congress and their constituents had been debating the question of U.S. intervention in World War II for months, the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> on December 7, 1941, galvanized the country and silenced virtually all opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 8, Rankin was the only member of either chamber of Congress to vote against the <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_upon_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="United States declaration of war upon Japan">declaration of war on Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hisses could be heard in the gallery as she cast her vote; several colleagues, including Rep. (later Senator) <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a>, asked her to change it to make the resolution unanimous—or at very least, to abstain—but she refused. "As a woman I can't go to war," she said, "and I refuse to send anyone else."<sup id="cite_ref-montana_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montana-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the vote, a crowd of reporters pursued Rankin into a cloakroom. There, she was forced to take refuge in a phone booth until <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a> arrived to escort her to her office,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where she was inundated with angry telegrams and phone calls. One cable from her brother read, "Montana is 100 percent against you."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirley1995105_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirley1995105-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">wire-service</a> photo of Rankin sequestered in the phone booth, calling for assistance, appeared the following day in newspapers across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199516_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199516-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While her action was widely ridiculed in the press, Progressive leader <a href="/wiki/William_Allen_White" title="William Allen White">William Allen White</a>, writing in the Kansas <i><a href="/wiki/Emporia_Gazette" title="Emporia Gazette">Emporia Gazette</a></i>, acknowledged her courage in taking it: </p> <blockquote><p> Probably a hundred men in Congress would have liked to do what she did. Not one of them had the courage to do it. The <i>Gazette</i> entirely disagrees with the wisdom of her position. But Lord, it was a brave thing! And its bravery someway discounted its folly. When, in a hundred years from now, courage, sheer courage based upon moral indignation is celebrated in this country, the name of Jeannette Rankin, who stood firm in folly for her faith, will be written in monumental bronze– not for what she did but for the way she did it.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirley1995105–106_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirley1995105–106-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Three days later, a similar war declaration against Germany and Italy came to a vote; Rankin abstained. With her political career effectively over, she did not run for reelection in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asked years later if she ever regretted her action, Rankin replied, "Never. If you're against war, you're against war regardless of what happens. It's a wrong method of trying to settle a dispute."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199517_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199517-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John F. Kennedy would write about Rankin's decisions, "Few members of Congress have ever stood more alone while being true to a higher honor and loyalty."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the next twenty years, Rankin travelled the world, frequently visiting India, where she studied the pacifist teachings of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She maintained homes in both Georgia and Montana.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rankin1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Rankin1973.jpg/170px-Rankin1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Rankin1973.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Rankin in 1973</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s and 1970s, a new generation of pacifists, feminists, and civil rights advocates found inspiration in Rankin and embraced her efforts in ways that her generation had not. She mobilized again in response to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. In January 1968, the Jeannette Rankin Brigade, a coalition of women's peace groups, organized an anti-war march in Washington, D.C.—the largest march by women since the <a href="/wiki/Woman_Suffrage_Parade_of_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913">Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2002209_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2002209-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rankin led 5,000 participants from <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Union Station</a> to the steps of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol Building</a>, where they presented a peace petition to <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/John_William_McCormack" class="mw-redirect" title="John William McCormack">John McCormack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simultaneously, a splinter group of activists from the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">women's liberation movement</a> created a protest within the Brigade's protest by staging a "Burial of <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Domesticity" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult of Domesticity">True Womanhood</a>" at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> to draw attention to the passive role allotted to women as wives and mothers.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, Rankin—by then in her nineties—considered mounting a third House campaign to gain a wider audience for her opposition to the Vietnam War,<sup id="cite_ref-History_House_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but longstanding throat and heart ailments forced her to abandon that final project.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirley1995117_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirley1995117-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rankin never married. While she maintained a lifelong, close friendship with the noted journalist and author <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anthony" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine Anthony">Katherine Anthony</a>, the women were never romantically involved.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rankin's biographers disagree on her sexual orientation, but generally agree that she was too consumed by her work to pursue committed personal relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rankin_cvc_500h_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Rankin_cvc_500h_1.jpg/170px-Rankin_cvc_500h_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="427" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Rankin_cvc_500h_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jeannette_Rankin" title="Statue of Jeannette Rankin">Rankin's monument</a> in the National Statuary Hall, Washington, D.C., by Terry Mimnaugh (1985)</figcaption></figure> <p>Rankin died on May 18, 1973, at age 92, in <a href="/wiki/Carmel,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmel, California">Carmel, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a memorial stone dedicated to her in the Missoula Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She bequeathed her estate, including the property in <a href="/wiki/Watkinsville,_Georgia" title="Watkinsville, Georgia">Watkinsville, Georgia</a>, to help "mature, unemployed women workers". Her Montana residence, known as the <a href="/wiki/Rankin_Ranch" title="Rankin Ranch">Rankin Ranch</a>, was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jeannette Rankin Foundation (now the Jeannette Rankin Women's Scholarship Fund), a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, awards annual educational scholarships to low-income women 35 and older across the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning with a single $500 scholarship in 1978, the fund has since awarded more than $1.8 million in scholarships to more than 700 women.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin_(Mimnaugh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeannette Rankin (Mimnaugh)">statue of Rankin</a> by Terry Mimnaugh, inscribed "I Cannot Vote For War", was placed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">Statuary Hall</a> in 1985. At its dedication, historian Joan Hoff-Wilson called Rankin "one of the most controversial and unique women in Montana and American political history."<sup id="cite_ref-montana_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montana-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A replica stands in Montana's capitol building in <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, Rankin was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, peace activist <a href="/wiki/Jeanmarie_Simpson" title="Jeanmarie Simpson">Jeanmarie Simpson</a> produced and starred in the one-woman play <i><a href="/wiki/A_Single_Woman_(play)" title="A Single Woman (play)">A Single Woman</a></i>, based on the life of Rankin, to benefit peace organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simpson also starred in a <a href="/wiki/A_Single_Woman_(film)" title="A Single Woman (film)">film adaptation</a> that was directed and produced by <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Lopez" title="Kamala Lopez">Kamala Lopez</a>, narrated by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a>, and featuring music by <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Opera_America" title="Opera America">Opera America</a> commissioned a <a href="/wiki/Song_cycle" title="Song cycle">song cycle</a> about Rankin called <i>Fierce Grace</i> that premiered in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the Kalispell Brewing Company commissioned a mural on the side of its building in <a href="/wiki/Kalispell,_Montana" title="Kalispell, Montana">Kalispell, Montana</a>, featuring a Rankin caricature and quotation.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rankin is the subject of the musical <i>We Won't Sleep</i> (formerly <i>Jeannette</i>) with music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Arianna_Afsar" title="Arianna Afsar">Arianna Afsar</a> and a book by <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Gunderson" title="Lauren Gunderson">Lauren Gunderson</a>. Under the title <i>Jeannette</i>, the musical was part of the 2019 summer series at the National Music Theater Conference at the <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Theater Center</a> in Connecticut.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although her legacy rests almost entirely on her pacifism, Rankin told the Montana Constitutional Convention in 1972 that she would have preferred otherwise. "If I am remembered for no other act," she said, "I want to be remembered as the only woman who ever voted to give women the right to vote."<sup id="cite_ref-montana_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montana-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">History of the Republican Party (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_League_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Women's International League for Peace and Freedom">Women's International League for Peace and Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">Women in the United States House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">Barbara Lee</a>, the only member of Congress to vote against American military response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Single_Woman_(play)" title="A Single Woman (play)">A Single Woman</a></i> (2004 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Single_Woman_(film)" title="A Single Woman (film)">A Single Woman</a></i> (2008 film)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The school later became part of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_School_of_Social_Work" title="Columbia University School of Social Work">Columbia University School of Social Work</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution requires a representative to live in the "state in which <i>he</i> shall be chosen." In spite of the use of a male pronoun in the Constitution, the House of Representatives decides for itself whether someone is qualified to become a Member, and Rankin was seated without an issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Walbert,_Kate_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walbert,_Kate-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No woman was serving in Congress when the resolution that would become the 19th Amendment passed. Rankin would later point out that she was, therefore, "the only woman who ever voted to give women the right to vote".<sup id="cite_ref-Walbert,_Kate_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walbert,_Kate-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony's life partner was educator <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Irwin" title="Elisabeth Irwin">Elisabeth Irwin</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Red_School_House" title="Little Red School House">Little Red School House</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreenspan2016" class="citation news cs1">Greenspan, Jesse (November 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-jeannette-rankin">"7 Things You May Not Know About Jeannette Rankin – History Lists"</a>. <i>HISTORY.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HISTORY.com&rft.atitle=7+Things+You+May+Not+Know+About+Jeannette+Rankin+%E2%80%93+History+Lists&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft.aulast=Greenspan&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fhistory-lists%2F7-things-you-may-not-know-about-jeannette-rankin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutey" class="citation news cs1">Lutey, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://billingsgazette.com/news/government-and-politics/montana-s-women-candidates-are-out-to-set-another-record/article_dab2a581-2806-54ad-b274-a87f7182dff1.html">"Montana's women candidates are out to set another record"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Billings_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="The Billings Gazette">The Billings Gazette</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Billings+Gazette&rft.atitle=Montana%27s+women+candidates+are+out+to+set+another+record&rft.aulast=Lutey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillingsgazette.com%2Fnews%2Fgovernment-and-politics%2Fmontana-s-women-candidates-are-out-to-set-another-record%2Farticle_dab2a581-2806-54ad-b274-a87f7182dff1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_House-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_House_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/People/Listing/R/RANKIN,-Jeannette-(R000055)/">"RANKIN, Jeannette"</a>. <i>United States House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft.atitle=RANKIN%2C+Jeannette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FListing%2FR%2FRANKIN%2C-Jeannette-%28R000055%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith200233–34,_38-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith200233–34,_38_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2002">Smith (2002)</a>, pp. 33–34, 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansch2016" class="citation news cs1">Mansch, Scott (November 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatfallstribune.com/story/news/2016/11/07/big-sky-recalling-rankins-legacy/93422310/">"Under the Big Sky: Recalling Rankin's legacy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_Tribune" title="Great Falls Tribune">Great Falls Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Falls+Tribune&rft.atitle=Under+the+Big+Sky%3A+Recalling+Rankin%27s+legacy&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.aulast=Mansch&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatfallstribune.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2016%2F11%2F07%2Fbig-sky-recalling-rankins-legacy%2F93422310%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199523–25-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien199523–25_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Brien1995">O'Brien (1995)</a>, pp. 23–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlter1999153–157_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlter1999">Alter (1999)</a>, pp. 153–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/people/jeannette-rankin-9451806">"Jeannette Rankin"</a>. <i>Biography</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2022</span>. <q>In a Capitol phone booth, Jeannette Rankin calls for assistance following her vote against war on December 8, 1941.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jeannette+Rankin+Votes+for+Peace+1917%2C+1941&rft.pub=Architect+of+the+Capitol&rft.date=1941-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitthecapitol.gov%2Fexhibitions%2Ftimeline%2Fimage%2Fcapitol-phone-booth-jeannette-rankin-calls-assistance-following-her-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1941" class="citation news cs1">White, William Allen (December 10, 1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122321853/jeannette-rankin/">"Jeannette Rankin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Emporia_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="The Emporia Gazette">The Emporia Gazette</a></i>. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Single+Woman&rft.pub=Heroica+Films%2C+Inc&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asinglewomanmovie.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinthaler2017" class="citation news cs1">Reinthaler, Joan (April 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/accomplishments-of-first-female-member-of-congress-represented-in-song/2017/04/09/18461eda-1d34-11e7-bb59-a74ccaf1d02f_story.html">"Accomplishments of first female member of Congress represented in song"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Accomplishments+of+first+female+member+of+Congress+represented+in+song&rft.date=2017-04-09&rft.aulast=Reinthaler&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Faccomplishments-of-first-female-member-of-congress-represented-in-song%2F2017%2F04%2F09%2F18461eda-1d34-11e7-bb59-a74ccaf1d02f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranz2018" class="citation web cs1">Franz, Justin (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flatheadbeacon.com/2018/10/07/artist-paints-mural-jeannette-rankin-kalispell-brewery/">"Artist Paints Mural of Jeannette Rankin on Kalispell Brewery"</a>. Flathead Beacon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artist+Paints+Mural+of+Jeannette+Rankin+on+Kalispell+Brewery&rft.pub=Flathead+Beacon&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Franz&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflatheadbeacon.com%2F2018%2F10%2F07%2Fartist-paints-mural-jeannette-rankin-kalispell-brewery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClement2019" class="citation news cs1">Clement, Olivia (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/article/oneill-theater-centers-2019-season-taps-new-works-by-craig-lucas-hansol-jung-charly-evon-simpson-anna-ziegler-more">"O'Neill Theater Center's 2019 Season Taps New Works by Craig Lucas, Hansol Jung, Charly Evon Simpson, Anna Ziegler, More"</a>. <i>Playbill</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=O%27Neill+Theater+Center%27s+2019+Season+Taps+New+Works+by+Craig+Lucas%2C+Hansol+Jung%2C+Charly+Evon+Simpson%2C+Anna+Ziegler%2C+More&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Farticle%2Foneill-theater-centers-2019-season-taps-new-works-by-craig-lucas-hansol-jung-charly-evon-simpson-anna-ziegler-more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter1999" class="citation book cs1">Alter, Judy (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sscWAQAAMAAJ"><i>Extraordinary Women of the American West</i></a>. New York: Children's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780516209746" title="Special:BookSources/9780516209746"><bdi>9780516209746</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extraordinary+Women+of+the+American+West&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Children%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780516209746&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsscWAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien1995" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Mary Barmeyer (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ssp_CgAAQBAJ"><i>Jeannette Rankin, 1880–1973 : bright star in the big sky</i></a>. Helena, Mont.: Falcon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1560442654" title="Special:BookSources/1560442654"><bdi>1560442654</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeannette+Rankin%2C+1880%E2%80%931973+%3A+bright+star+in+the+big+sky&rft.place=Helena%2C+Mont.&rft.pub=Falcon+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1560442654&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Mary+Barmeyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dssp_CgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirley1995" class="citation book cs1">Shirley, Gayle C. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sc5Br9fix_IC"><i>More than Petticoats: Remarkable Montana Women</i></a> (1st ed.). Helena, Mont.: Falcon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1560443634" title="Special:BookSources/1560443634"><bdi>1560443634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+than+Petticoats%3A+Remarkable+Montana+Women&rft.place=Helena%2C+Mont.&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Falcon+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1560443634&rft.aulast=Shirley&rft.aufirst=Gayle+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSc5Br9fix_IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Norma (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q85tHVOJR50C"><i>Jeannette Rankin, America's Conscience</i></a>. Helena, Mont.: Montana Historical Society Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780917298790" title="Special:BookSources/9780917298790"><bdi>9780917298790</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeannette+Rankin%2C+America%27s+Conscience&rft.place=Helena%2C+Mont.&rft.pub=Montana+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780917298790&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Norma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ85tHVOJR50C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Erickson, AJ. "Rankin, Jeannette Pickering," <i>Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 9</i> (1994)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiles1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_S._Giles" title="Kevin S. Giles">Giles, Kevin S.</a> (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flightofdovestor00gile"><i>Flight of the Dove, the Story of Jeannette Rankin</i></a></span>. [S.l.]: Lochsa Experience Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0918688033" title="Special:BookSources/978-0918688033"><bdi>978-0918688033</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flight+of+the+Dove%2C+the+Story+of+Jeannette+Rankin&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pub=Lochsa+Experience+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0918688033&rft.aulast=Giles&rft.aufirst=Kevin+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflightofdovestor00gile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Giles, Kevin S. <i>One Woman Against War: The Jeannette Rankin Story</i>. Booklocker.com (2016). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1634917065" title="Special:BookSources/1634917065">1634917065</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuckowskiLopach2005" class="citation book cs1">Luckowski, Jean A.; Lopach, James J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OF13AAAAMAAJ"><i>Jeannette Rankin a political woman</i></a> ([Reprint]. ed.). Boulder: University Press of Colorado. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870818127" title="Special:BookSources/9780870818127"><bdi>9780870818127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeannette+Rankin+a+political+woman&rft.place=Boulder&rft.edition=%5BReprint%5D.&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Colorado&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780870818127&rft.aulast=Luckowski&rft.aufirst=Jean+A.&rft.au=Lopach%2C+James+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOF13AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosephson1974" class="citation book cs1">Josephson, Hannah (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9vEHAAAAMAAJ"><i>First Lady in Congress: Jeannette Rankin</i></a>. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs–Merrill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-672-51921-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-672-51921-6"><bdi>0-672-51921-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Lady+in+Congress%3A+Jeannette+Rankin&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+IN&rft.pub=Bobbs%E2%80%93Merrill&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-672-51921-6&rft.aulast=Josephson&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9vEHAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisonMorrison2003" class="citation book cs1">Morrison, John; Morrison, Catherine Wright (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zkhtyY9JP00C"><i>The Lives and Battles of Montana's Political Legends</i></a>. Helena: Montana Historical Society Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780917298936" title="Special:BookSources/9780917298936"><bdi>9780917298936</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+and+Battles+of+Montana%27s+Political+Legends&rft.place=Helena&rft.pub=Montana+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780917298936&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Morrison%2C+Catherine+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzkhtyY9JP00C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2015" class="citation journal cs1">Murphy, Mary (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://montanawomenshistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/MurphyWEB3Spr2015.pdf">"When Jeannette said 'No': Montana women's response to World War I"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Montana: The Magazine of Western History</i>. <b>65</b> (1): 3–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montana%3A+The+Magazine+of+Western+History&rft.atitle=When+Jeannette+said+%27No%27%3A+Montana+women%27s+response+to+World+War+I&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-23&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmontanawomenshistory.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F07%2FMurphyWEB3Spr2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tharoor, Ishan (2016). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/12/08/the-only-u-s-politician-to-vote-against-war-with-japan-75-years-ago-was-this-remarkable-woman/?hpid=hp_hp-cards_hp-card-world:homepage/card">The only U.S. politician to vote against war with Japan 75 years ago was this remarkable woman</a>." <i>Washington Post.</i> December 8, 2016.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1980" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, Joan Hoff (1980). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Peace Is a Woman's Job ... ': Jeannette Rankin and American foreign policy: Her lifework as a pacifist". <i>Montana: The Magazine of Western History</i>. <b>30</b> (2): 38–53. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4518483">4518483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montana%3A+The+Magazine+of+Western+History&rft.atitle=%27Peace+Is+a+Woman%27s+Job+...+%27%3A+Jeannette+Rankin+and+American+foreign+policy%3A+Her+lifework+as+a+pacifist&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=38-53&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4518483%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Joan+Hoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeannette_Rankin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" class="extiw" title="commons:Jeannette Rankin"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Jeannette Rankin</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jeannette_Rankin" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressR000055" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000055">"Jeannette Rankin (id: R000055)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Jeannette+Rankin+%28id%3A+R000055%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeannette+Rankin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texts.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=kt758005dx">Suffragists Oral History Project at Berkeley – 1971–72 interviews with Rankin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrpc.org">Jeannette Rankin Peace Center</a> in Missoula, Montana</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch00071">Papers, 1879–1976.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library">Schlesinger Library</a>, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50kCP_xor28&list=PL99klIdTK43leWo74J8A-9b-oZrQzHe6a&index=12">Jeannette Rankin</a> Documentary produced by <a href="/wiki/Montana_PBS" title="Montana PBS">Montana PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.umt.edu/jeannetterankin/">Jeannette Rankin Oral History Project</a> (University of Montana Archives)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/puzzlemaster/5899213789/in/pool-vintage_photos_wild_women_by_nyctreeman%7Cpuzzlemaster">1919 passport photo</a> (courtesy of Flickr)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv48226">Rankin Family Papers, 1888–1946</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stout" title="Tom Stout">Tom Stout</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Montana" title="List of United States representatives from Montana">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Montana's at-large congressional district">Montana's at-large congressional district</a><br />Seat B </b><br />1917–1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Evans" title="John M. Evans">John Evans</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Montana's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Riddick" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Riddick">Carl Riddick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Montana's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Thorkelson" title="Jacob Thorkelson">Jacob Thorkelson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Montana" title="List of United States representatives from Montana">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Montana's 1st congressional district">Montana's 1st congressional district</a> </b><br />1941–1943 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Montana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Montana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Montana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Montana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Montana" title="United States congressional delegations from Montana">Members of the United States House of Representatives from Montana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Montana Territory's at-large congressional district">Territorial</a> (1865–1889)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Seat" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_McLean_(congressman)" title="Samuel McLean (congressman)">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cavanaugh" title="James M. Cavanaugh">Cavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Clagett" title="William H. Clagett">Clagett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Maginnis" title="Martin Maginnis">Maginnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Toole" title="Joseph Toole">Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Carter" title="Thomas H. Carter">Carter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One <a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Montana's at-large congressional district">at-large</a> seat (1889–1913)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Carter" title="Thomas H. Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Dixon" title="William W. Dixon">W. Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Hartman" title="Charles S. Hartman">Hartman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Campbell" title="Albert J. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Edwards" title="Caldwell Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Dixon" title="Joseph M. Dixon">J. Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nelson_Pray" title="Charles Nelson Pray">Pray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two at-large seats (1913–1919)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Evans" title="John M. Evans">Evans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stout" title="Tom Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rankin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts (1919–1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Montana's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Evans" title="John M. Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_J._McCormick" title="Washington J. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Evans" title="John M. Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Monaghan" title="Joseph P. Monaghan">Monaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_J._O%27Connell" title="Jerry J. O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Thorkelson" title="Jacob Thorkelson">Thorkelson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Metcalf" title="Lee Metcalf">Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Olsen" title="Arnold Olsen">Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Shoup" title="Richard G. Shoup">Shoup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Williams_(Montana_politician)" title="Pat Williams (Montana politician)">Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Montana's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_W._Riddick" title="Carl W. Riddick">Riddick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Leavitt" title="Scott Leavitt">Leavitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_E._Ayers" title="Roy E. Ayers">Ayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._O%27Connor" title="James F. O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_A._D%27Ewart" title="Wesley A. D'Ewart">D'Ewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orvin_B._Fjare" title="Orvin B. Fjare">Fjare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeRoy_H._Anderson" title="LeRoy H. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Battin" title="James F. Battin">Battin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Melcher" title="John Melcher">Melcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Marlenee" title="Ron Marlenee">Marlenee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One at-large seat (1993–2023)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Seat" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Williams_(Montana_politician)" title="Pat Williams (Montana politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Hill" title="Rick Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Rehberg" title="Denny Rehberg">Rehberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Daines" title="Steve Daines">Daines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Zinke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Gianforte" title="Greg Gianforte">Gianforte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Rosendale" title="Matt Rosendale">Rosendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Downing" title="Troy Downing">Downing</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts (2023–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Montana's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Zinke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Montana's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Rosendale" title="Matt Rosendale">Rosendale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Template:Georgia Women of Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Template talk:Georgia Women of Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia Women of Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Georgia Women of Achievement">Georgia Women of Achievement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Berry" title="Martha Berry">Martha Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Craft_Laney" title="Lucy Craft Laney">Lucy Craft Laney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flannery_O%27Connor" title="Flannery O'Connor">Flannery O'Connor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicksie_Bradley_Bandy" title="Dicksie Bradley Bandy">Dicksie Bradley Bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Musgrove" title="Mary Musgrove">Mary Musgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Pickett_Durham" title="Cassandra Pickett Durham">Cassandra Pickett Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Ross_Napier" title="Viola Ross Napier">Viola Ross Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Flisch" title="Julia Flisch">Julia Flisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_McCullers" title="Carson McCullers">Carson McCullers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mitchell" title="Margaret Mitchell">Margaret Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Hartley_Mosley" title="Ruth Hartley Mosley">Ruth Hartley Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Harvie_Thomas_Tubman" title="Emily Harvie Thomas Tubman">Emily Harvie Thomas Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selena_Sloan_Butler" title="Selena Sloan Butler">Selena Sloan Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Colquitt_Hunter" title="Anna Colquitt Hunter">Anna Colquitt Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Jane_Raines" title="Hazel Jane Raines">Hazel Jane Raines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Cobb_Milton_Atkinson" title="Susan Cobb Milton Atkinson">Susan Cobb Milton Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Peters_Black" title="Nellie Peters Black">Nellie Peters Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_and_William_Craft" title="Ellen and William Craft">Ellen Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corra_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Corra Harris">Corra Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugenia_Burns_Hope" title="Lugenia Burns Hope">Lugenia Burns Hope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Latimer_Felton" title="Rebecca Latimer Felton">Rebecca Latimer Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Harris_Gay" title="Mary Ann Harris Gay">Mary Ann Harris Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Hart" title="Nancy Hart">Nancy Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Barrow_McIntire" title="Lucy Barrow McIntire">Lucy Barrow McIntire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lettie_Pate_Whitehead_Evans" title="Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans">Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Collier_Harris" title="Julia Collier Harris">Julia Collier Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoda_Kaufman" title="Rhoda Kaufman">Rhoda Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Steele_Logan" title="Carrie Steele Logan">Carrie Steele Logan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moina_Michael" title="Moina Michael">Moina Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Smith_(author)" title="Lillian Smith (author)">Lillian Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallie_Ellis_Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallie Ellis Davis (page does not exist)">Sallie Ellis Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Askew_Haygood" title="Laura Askew Haygood">Laura Askew Haygood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Axson Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_L._Coleman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia L. Coleman (page does not exist)">Julia L. Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Evans_Whitener" title="Catherine Evans Whitener">Catherine Evans Whitener</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wessie_Gertrude_Connell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wessie Gertrude Connell (page does not exist)">Wessie Gertrude Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lula_Dobbs_McEachern" title="Lula Dobbs McEachern">Lula Dobbs McEachern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Harrell_Strickland" title="Alice Harrell Strickland">Alice Harrell Strickland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Kiker_Anthony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madeleine Kiker Anthony (page does not exist)">Madeleine Kiker Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Maud_Brown_Cobb" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena Maud Brown Cobb">Helena Maud Brown Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Lester_Dillon" title="Julia Lester Dillon">Julia Lester Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Ross_Wilburn" title="Leila Ross Wilburn">Leila Ross Wilburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathilda_Beasley" title="Mathilda Beasley">Mathilda Beasley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Frederick_Hays" title="Louise Frederick Hays">Louise Frederick Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Dortch_Longstreet" title="Helen Dortch Longstreet">Helen Dortch Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_McLendon_Murphy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah McLendon Murphy (page does not exist)">Sarah McLendon Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Barnelia_Woodward" title="Emily Barnelia Woodward">Emily Barnelia Woodward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Woodby_McKane" title="Alice Woodby McKane">Alice Woodby McKane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nina_Anderson_Pape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nina Anderson Pape (page does not exist)">Nina Anderson Pape</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jeannette Rankin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Frances_Andrews" title="Eliza Frances Andrews">Eliza Frances Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Towns_Hamilton" title="Grace Towns Hamilton">Grace Towns Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Porter_Hillhouse" title="Sarah Porter Hillhouse">Sarah Porter Hillhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_O._Bynum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret O. Bynum (page does not exist)">Margaret O. Bynum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Lenora_Foster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edith Lenora Foster (page does not exist)">Edith Lenora Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Douglas_Mankin" title="Helen Douglas Mankin">Helen Douglas Mankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Branham_Matthews" title="Sara Branham Matthews">Sara Branham Matthews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elfrida_De_Renne_Barrow" title="Elfrida De Renne Barrow">Elfrida De Renne Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amilee_Chastain_Graves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amilee Chastain Graves (page does not exist)">Amilee Chastain Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Dowdell_Myrick" title="Susan Dowdell Myrick">Susan Dowdell Myrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Pafford_Miller" title="Caroline Pafford Miller">Caroline Pafford Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Hurt_Yarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane Hurt Yarn">Jane Hurt Yarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Powers" title="Harriet Powers">Harriet Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Lipscomb" title="Mary Ann Lipscomb">Mary Ann Lipscomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestine_Sibley" title="Celestine Sibley">Celestine Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Williams" title="Madrid Williams">Madrid Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gordy_Carter" title="Lillian Gordy Carter">Lillian Gordy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Francis_Hill_Coley" title="Mary Francis Hill Coley">Mary Francis Hill Coley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_duBignon_Stiles_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May duBignon Stiles Howard (page does not exist)">May duBignon Stiles Howard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Randolph_Bailey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Randolph Bailey (page does not exist)">Sarah Randolph Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah_Rucker_Oliver" title="Beulah Rucker Oliver">Beulah Rucker Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Harpst" title="Ethel Harpst">Ethel Harpst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollie_Belle_Wylie" title="Lollie Belle Wylie">Lollie Belle Wylie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Gregory_Jewett" title="Mary Gregory Jewett">Mary Gregory Jewett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Stanley_Dull" title="Henrietta Stanley Dull">Henrietta Stanley Dull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Stiles_Taylor" title="Rebecca Stiles Taylor">Rebecca Stiles Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ella_Gertrude_Clanton_Thomas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas (page does not exist)">Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazoline_Estelle_Usher" title="Bazoline Estelle Usher">Bazoline Estelle Usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allie_Carroll_Hart" title="Allie Carroll Hart">Allie Carroll Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Freeborn_Pauley" title="Frances Freeborn Pauley">Frances Freeborn Pauley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nell_Kendall_Hodgson_Woodruff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nell Kendall Hodgson Woodruff (page does not exist)">Nell Kendall Hodgson Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Harper_Heard" title="Sarah Harper Heard">Sarah Harper Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellamae_Ellis_League" title="Ellamae Ellis League">Ellamae Ellis League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Hall_Underwood" title="Katie Hall Underwood">Katie Hall Underwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Mackenzie_Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Mackenzie Carter (page does not exist)">Carolyn Mackenzie Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont_Huger_Lee" title="Clermont Huger Lee">Clermont Huger Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucile_Nix" title="Lucile Nix">Lucile Nix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludie_Clay_Andrews" title="Ludie Clay Andrews">Ludie Clay Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susie_Baker_King_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Susie Baker King Taylor">Susie Baker King Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_George_S._Williams" title="Mamie George S. Williams">Mamie George S. Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Denmark" title="Leila Denmark">Leila Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dorothy_Lyndon" title="Mary Dorothy Lyndon">Mary Dorothy Lyndon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarice_Cross_Bagwell" title="Clarice Cross Bagwell">Clarice Cross Bagwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_DuPre_Lumpkin" title="Katharine DuPre Lumpkin">Katharine DuPre Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Marsh" title="Juanita Marsh">Juanita Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Elizabeth_Geiger_Wright" title="Jean Elizabeth Geiger Wright">Jean Elizabeth Geiger Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby_M._Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby M. Anderson (page does not exist)">Ruby M. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_G._Bryan" title="Mary G. Bryan">Mary G. Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Pope_Forester" title="Laura Pope Forester">Laura Pope Forester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Murray_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Murray Smith">Allie Murray Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Lurline_Collier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizzie Lurline Collier">Lizzie Lurline Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Fields_Sanders" title="Josephine Fields Sanders">Josephine Fields Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_West" title="Hedy West">Hedy West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Wilkins" title="Josephine Wilkins">Josephine Wilkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllis_Jenkins_Barrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllis Jenkins Barrow (page does not exist)">Phyllis Jenkins Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Coachman" title="Alice Coachman">Alice Coachman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_Flanders_Gambrell" title="Luck Flanders Gambrell">Luck Flanders Gambrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Rogers_Tilly" title="Dorothy Rogers Tilly">Dorothy Rogers Tilly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Hirsch_Haas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Hirsch Haas (page does not exist)">Beatrice Hirsch Haas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adella_Hunt_Logan" title="Adella Hunt Logan">Adella Hunt Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Murphey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerie Murphey (page does not exist)">Valerie Murphey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_%22Bessie%22_Tift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth "Bessie" Tift (page does not exist)">Elizabeth "Bessie" Tift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232407#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232407#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232407#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/50364569">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/56475/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwX3YYXfYg98WDGm8pQMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131615351">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80076207">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16274051n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16274051n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00621346">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p256047030">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000401045&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007447850205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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