CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Nanjing - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"dff0666b-ea2d-4541-acd9-880680f1bf98","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Nanjing","wgTitle":"Nanjing","wgCurRevisionId":1259471165,"wgRevisionId":196849064,"wgArticleId":21791,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Articles with invalid date parameter in template","All articles lacking sources","All pages needing cleanup","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with missing files","Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters","Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008", "All articles needing additional references","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008","Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles lacking sources from December 2007","Articles needing cleanup from September 2007","Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from September 2007","Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from September 2007","Articles needing additional references from August 2006","Cities in Jiangsu","Nanjing","Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China","Provincial capitals in China"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Nanjing","wgRelevantArticleId":21791,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q16666","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.phonos.init","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg/1200px-Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="742"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg/800px-Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="495"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg/640px-Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="396"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Nanjing - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Nanjing rootpage-Nanjing skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nanjing&returntoquery=oldid%3D196849064" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nanjing&returntoquery=oldid%3D196849064" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nanjing&returntoquery=oldid%3D196849064" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nanjing&returntoquery=oldid%3D196849064" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ancient times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_1911" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_1911"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>After 1911</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_1911-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_1949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_1949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>After 1949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_1949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_administrative_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_administrative_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government and administrative division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_administrative_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Early development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Land</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Public transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture and art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Night_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Night_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Night life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Night_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Stadium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buildings_and_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings_and_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Buildings and monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings_and_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Ancient period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China_period_(1912-1949)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China_period_(1912-1949)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Republic of China period (1912-1949)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China_period_(1912-1949)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Contemporary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Museums and galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Parks and gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Markets_and_shopping_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markets_and_shopping_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Markets and shopping areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Markets_and_shopping_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_places_of_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_places_of_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Other places of interests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_places_of_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Public</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Private</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>High Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanjing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 119 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%82%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ናንጂንግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናንጂንግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="نانجينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نانجينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="নানচিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নানচিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m-kia%E2%81%BF" title="Lâm-kiaⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâm-kiaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Нанкін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нанкін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Нанкін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нанкін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанжин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нанжин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanqu%C3%ADn" title="Nanquín – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nanquín" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Nanjing (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nanjing (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking" title="Nanking – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nanking" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_Shi" title="Nanjing Shi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nanjing Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Ναντζίνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναντζίνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankingo" title="Nankingo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nankingo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nank%C3%ADn" title="Nankín – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Nankín" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نانجینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نانجینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_-_%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" title="Nanjing - 南京 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nanjing - 南京" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" title="南京 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="南京" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0m-k%C3%AEn-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Nàm-kîn-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nàm-kîn-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%9C%EC%A7%95" title="난징 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="난징" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Նանկին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նանկին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="नानजिंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नानजिंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanchino" title="Nanchino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nanchino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="נאנג'ינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נאנג'ינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნანკინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნანკინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanchinum" title="Nanchinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nanchinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C5%86dzjina" title="Naņdzjina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Naņdzjina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankinas" title="Nankinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nankinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Нанџјинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нанџјинг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="നാൻജിങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാൻജിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankeen" title="Nankeen – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Nankeen" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="नांजिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नांजिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნანკინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნანკინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="نانجينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نانجينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0ng-g%C4%ADng" title="Nàng-gĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nàng-gĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Наньжин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Наньжин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="နန်ကျင်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နန်ကျင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking" title="Nanking – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nanking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="नान्जिङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नान्जिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="नान्जिङ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नान्जिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" title="南京 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南京" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਨਾਨਜਿੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਨਜਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نانجنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نانجنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanquim" title="Nanquim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nanquim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namkin" title="Namkin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Namkin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нанкин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нанкин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking" title="Nanking – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nanking" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nand%C5%BEing" title="Nandžing – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nandžing" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نانجینگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نانجینگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Нанкинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нанкинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="நாஞ்சிங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாஞ்சிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%97%D0%B8%D2%A3" title="Нәнҗиң – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нәнҗиң" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="หนานจิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนานจิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Нанкін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нанкін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نانجنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نانجنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nenjing_Shehiri" title="Nenjing Shehiri – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Nenjing Shehiri" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzging" title="Nanzging – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nanzging" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankin" title="Nankin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nankin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Kinh" title="Nam Kinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nam Kinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" title="南京 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="南京" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nanjing" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="南京市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="南京市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" title="南京 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南京" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="南京市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南京市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16666#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Nanjing" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&oldid=196849064" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=edit&oldid=196849064" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Nanjing" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Nanjing" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&oldid=196849064" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Nanjing&id=196849064&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DNanjing%26oldid%3D196849064"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DNanjing%26oldid%3D196849064"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Nanjing&returnto=Nanjing&oldid=196849064&writer=rl" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nanjing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16666" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><p><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">old revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/63.224.135.113" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/63.224.135.113" data-mw-revid="196849064"><bdi>63.224.135.113</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:63.224.135.113" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:63.224.135.113">talk</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">20:55, 8 March 2008</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#World_War_II">→<bdi dir="ltr">World War II</bdi></a>: </span> + <a href="/wiki/Unit_1855" title="Unit 1855">Unit 1855</a>)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 20:55, 8 March 2008 by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/63.224.135.113" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/63.224.135.113" data-mw-revid="196849064"><bdi>63.224.135.113</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:63.224.135.113" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:63.224.135.113">talk</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#World_War_II">→<bdi dir="ltr">World War II</bdi></a>: </span> + <a href="/wiki/Unit_1855" title="Unit 1855">Unit 1855</a>)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&diff=prev&oldid=196849064" title="Nanjing">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&direction=prev&oldid=196849064" title="Nanjing">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&diff=cur&oldid=196849064" title="Nanjing">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&direction=next&oldid=196849064" title="Nanjing">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&diff=next&oldid=196849064" title="Nanjing">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nanjing%22">"Nanjing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nanjing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nanjing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nanjing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nanjing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nanjing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> No <a href="/wiki/Template:Cleanup/doc" title="Template:Cleanup/doc">cleanup reason</a> has been specified. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nanjing (disambiguation)">Nanjing (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nanking" redirects here. For the 2007 film, see <a href="/wiki/Nanking_(film)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Nanking (film)">Nanking (film)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">S.P.-City in People's Republic of China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nánjīng Shì</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">南京市</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">S.P.-City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj01.jpg" class="new" title="File:Nj01.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="250">Nanjing city skyline</span></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Nanjing city skyline</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_dot.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within China"><img alt="Location within China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nanjing_dot.png/250px-Nanjing_dot.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nanjing_dot.png/375px-Nanjing_dot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nanjing_dot.png/500px-Nanjing_dot.png 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="1322" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within China</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_China.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanjing is highlighted on this map of Jiangsu province"><img alt="Nanjing is highlighted on this map of Jiangsu province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Nanjing_China.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Nanjing is highlighted on this map of Jiangsu province</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_China#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of China">County-level divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of China">Township divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">129</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">495 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">CPC</a> Nanjing</th><td class="infobox-data">Luo Zhijun<br />Committee Secretary</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jiang Hongkun</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_China_administrative_regions_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of China administrative regions by area">ranked 29th</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,596 km<sup>2</sup> (2,547 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">20 m (50 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2000)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,126,165</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">928.8/km<sup>2</sup> (2,406/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><b>2100</b>00 - <b>2113</b>00</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/License_Plate_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="License Plate (China)">License plate prefixes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">苏A</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (2007)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>45.2 billion (1.00<a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>=7.25<a href="/w/index.php?title=Renminbi%C2%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renminbi¥ (page does not exist)">Renminbi¥</a>,Nov, 2007)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>7,442</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nanjing.gov.cn">City of Nanjing</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><center><big><b>City <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a></b></big><br /> <a href="/wiki/Deodar_Cedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Deodar Cedar">Deodar Cedar</a> (<i>Cedrus deodara</i>)</center><center><big><b>City <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a></b></big><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ume" class="mw-redirect" title="Ume">Méi</a> (<i>Prunus mume</i>)</center></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/20\/Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga\/Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Nanjing"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-N\u00e1nj\u012bng.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga/Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Nanjing</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-N%C3%A1nj%C4%ABng.oga" title="File:Zh-Nánjīng.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 南京; <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanizations</a>: Nánjīng <small>(<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>)</small>, Nan-ching <small>(<a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a>)</small>, <i>Nanking</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Postal_Map_Romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Postal Map Romanization">Postal map spelling</a>)</small>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of China">Province</a>, and a city with a prominent place in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese history">Chinese history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">culture</a>. Nanjing served as the capital of China during several historical periods, including as the former capital city of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, and is listed as one of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Four Great Ancient Capitals of China</a>. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial cities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of China">administrative structure</a>, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a <a href="/wiki/Province_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of China">province</a>. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> claims it as its <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> capital. </p><p>Located in the downstream <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a> drainage basin and <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta</a> economic zone, Nanjing has always been one of China's most important cities. Apart from having been the capital of China for six dynasties and of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, Nanjing has also served as a national hub of education, research, transportation and tourism throughout history. With an urban population of over five million, it is also the second largest commercial center in the East China region, behind only <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg/200px-Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg/300px-Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Nanjing_Area_-_Lower_Yangtse_Valley_%26_Eastern_China_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Nanjing Area - Lower Yangtze Valley and Eastern China</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njspring.jpg" class="new" title="File:Njspring.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120">File:Njspring.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Spring</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njsummer.jpg" class="new" title="File:Njsummer.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120">File:Njsummer.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Summer</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njautumn.jpg" class="new" title="File:Njautumn.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120">File:Njautumn.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Autumn</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njwinter.jpg" class="new" title="File:Njwinter.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120">File:Njwinter.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Winter</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing, with a total land area of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Km2_to_sq_mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Km2 to sq mi (page does not exist)">Template:Km2 to sq mi</a>, is situated in one of the largest economic zones of China, the Yangtze River Delta, which is part of the downstream <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a> <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a>. The Yangtze River flows past the west side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south side of the city. The city is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Km_to_mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Km to mi (page does not exist)">Template:Km to mi</a> west of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Km_to_mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Km to mi (page does not exist)">Template:Km to mi</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Km_to_mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Km to mi (page does not exist)">Template:Km to mi</a> east of <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>. </p><p>Nanjing has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>, and is under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">Monsoon</a>. Seasons are distinct in Nanjing, with usually hot summers and plenty of rainfall throughout the year. Along with Wuhan and Chongqing, Nanjing is often referred to as one of the "Three Furnacelike Cities" along the Yangtze River for the perennially high temperature in summer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The average temperature during the year is 15.7 °C (60 °F). The average high temperature in January is 19 °C (66 °F) while the average low is 2 °C (36 °F); the average high in July is 31 °C (88 °F) with an average low of 25 °C (77 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest recorded temperature being 43 °C (109 °F) (July 13, 1934) and the lowest −16.9 °C (2 °F) (Jan 6, 1955). On average it rains 117 days out of the year and the average annual rainfall is 1,106.5 millimetres (43.6 in). The time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom <i><a href="/wiki/Meiyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiyu">Meiyu</a></i> season, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. </p><p>Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> reserves make up 40% of those of Jiangsu province; its reserves of <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> rank first in East Asia and the <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asia">South East Asia</a> region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangshan,_Nanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangshan, Nanjing (page does not exist)">Tangshan</a> Hot Spring in <a href="/wiki/Jiangning" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning">Jiangning</a> and Tangquan Hot Spring in <a href="/wiki/Pukou" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou">Pukou</a>. </p><p>Surrounded by the Yangtze river and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery. Natural lakes such as <a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mochou_Lake" title="Mochou Lake">Mochou Lake</a> are located in the center of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while hills like <a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain" class="mw-disambig" title="Purple Mountain">Purple Mountain</a> are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites. Sun Quan relocated its capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan. Sun Quan then renamed the city from Moling (秣陵) to Jianye (建邺) shortly thereafter. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nanjing" title="Special:EditPage/Nanjing">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nanjing%22">"Nanjing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nanjing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nanjing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nanjing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nanjing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nanjing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2006</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_times">Ancient times</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Guiliancheng.jpg" class="new" title="File:Guiliancheng.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="200">File:Guiliancheng.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Devil-face city wall. Built by State of Chu in 333 BC </figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing was one of the earliest established cities in the southern China area. According to the legend, <a href="/wiki/Fu_Chai" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Chai">Fu Chai</a>, the Lord of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Wu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Wu">State of Wu</a>, founded the first city, <a href="/wiki/Yecheng" class="mw-disambig" title="Yecheng">Yecheng</a> (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, The <a href="/wiki/State_of_Yue" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Yue">State of Yue</a> conquered Wu and constructed the city of <a href="/wiki/Yuecheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuecheng">Yuecheng</a> (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhonghua Gate">Zhonghua Gate</a>. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chu">State of Chu</a> built <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinling_Yi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinling Yi (page does not exist)">Jinling Yi</a> (金陵邑) in the northwestern part of present-day Nanjing. Since then, the city has experienced numerous destructions and reconstructions. </p> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj02.jpg" class="new" title="File:Nj02.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="160">File:Nj02.jpg</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">City Wall of Nanjing</a>, the world's longest. Built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing first became a capital in <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 229, where <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wu_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Wu Kingdom">Wu Kingdom</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kingdoms Period">Three Kingdoms Period</a> relocated its capital to Jianye (建鄴), a city he extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in AD 211. After the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Hu" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Five Hu">Five Hu</a>, the nobles and wealthy families of the Jin Dynasty escaped across the Yangtze River and established Nanjing as the capital, which was then called <a href="/wiki/Jiankang" title="Jiankang">Jiankang</a> (建康). Thereafter, Jiankang remained as the capital of Southern China during the <a href="/wiki/Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern and Northern Dynasties">North-South Division</a> period, until <a href="/wiki/Sui_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sui Dynasty">Sui Dynasty</a> reunified China and destroyed almost the entire city, turning it into a small town. </p><p>The city was reconstructed during the late <a href="/wiki/Tang_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang Dynasty">Tang Dynasty</a>. It was again named capital (then known as Jinling (金陵)) during the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Tang Kingdom">Southern Tang Kingdom</a> (937 – 975) (who renamed it Xidu), who succeeded the <a href="/wiki/Wu_(Ten_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (Ten Kingdoms)">Wu Kingdom</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during <a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Dynasty">Song Dynasty</a> despite the constant threat from the northern foreign invasions. The <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongolians</a>, the occupiers of China, further consolidated the city's status as a hub of the textile industry. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj03.jpg" class="new" title="File:Nj03.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="160">File:Nj03.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Divine Trail, located in Eastern Suburb Scenic Area of Nanjing, was built in the Ming Dynasty</figcaption></figure><p> The first emperor of the Ming Dynasty <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yuanzhang" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Yuanzhang">Zhu Yuanzhang</a> who overthrew the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt this city and made it the capital of China in 1368. He constructed what was the longest city wall in the world at that time. It took 200,000 laborers 21 years to finish the project. The present-day <a href="/wiki/City_Wall_of_Nanjing" title="City Wall of Nanjing">city wall of Nanjing</a> was mainly built during that time, and it is the longest surviving city wall in the world.</p><figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Jimingsi.jpg" class="new" title="File:Jimingsi.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="170">File:Jimingsi.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Jiming Buddism Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> (1644-1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (江宁) and served as the seat of government for the <a href="/wiki/Liangjiang_Viceroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangjiang Viceroy">Liangjiang Viceroy</a>. Nanjing was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Kingdom</a> in the mid-19th century, being renamed as Tianjing (天京) (lit. <i>Heaven's Capital</i>). Both the Viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Building_(Nanjing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Building (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace</a>. As Qing general <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guofan" title="Zeng Guofan">Zeng Guofan</a> retook the city in 1864, massive slaughtering occurred in the city with over 100,000 committing suicide or fighting to the death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_1911">After 1911</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj05.jpg" class="new" title="File:Nj05.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">File:Nj05.jpg</span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_(Nanjing)" title="Presidential Palace (Nanjing)">President House of the Republic of China</a>, when Nanjing was its capital</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a> led to the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> in January 1912 with <a href="/wiki/Dr._Sun_Yat-sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Sun Yat-sen">Dr. Sun Yat-sen</a> as the first provisional president, and Nanjing was selected as its new capital. However, the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> still controlled the northern provinces, so revolutionaries asked <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> to replace Sun as president in exchange for the emperor's abdication. Yuan demanded the capital be at Beijing (closer to his power base). </p><p>In 1927, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT) under <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-Shek" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiang Kai-Shek">Chiang Kai-Shek</a> again established Nanjing as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, and this became internationally recognized once <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a> forces took Beijing in 1928. The following decade is known as the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_decade" title="Nanjing decade">Nanjing decade</a>, as they used the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Building_(Nanjing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Building (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace</a> in Nanjing as their headquarters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj06.jpg" class="new" title="File:Nj06.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="200">File:Nj06.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Nanjing Massacre Memorial</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unit_1855" title="Unit 1855">Unit 1855</a></div> <p>In 1937, the Japanese army invaded and occupied the Capital city of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> - Nanjing, and carried out the systematic and brutal <a href="/wiki/Nanking_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanking massacre">Nanking massacre</a>. The total death toll could not be confirmed, since no official records were kept, and is often contested, but most estimates put the number of dead between 200,000 and 350,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_Memorial_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall">Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall</a> was built in 1985 to commemorate the event. </p><p>After the conquest of the city, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> established the bacteriological research <a href="/wiki/Unit_1644" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit 1644">Unit 1644</a>, a section of <a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a>, where Japanese doctors experimented on humans. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "<a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Jingwei Government">Nanjing Regime</a>" or "Nanjing Nationalist Government" led by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a> was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-Shek's government in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, and after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the KMT relocated its central government to Nanjing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_1949">After 1949</h3></div> <p>On <a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a>, <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>, The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> conquered Nanjing, officially ending the Republic of China's rule on the mainland. After the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality, but very soon became, and today remains, the provincial capital of Jiangsu. </p><p>Until 2002, the Ministry of Interior of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (Taiwan), as well as textbooks published in Taiwan, referred to Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_administrative_division">Government and administrative division</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Zongtongfuye.jpg" class="new" title="File:Zongtongfuye.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">File:Zongtongfuye.jpg</span></a><figcaption>President House of Republic of China, when Nanjing was its capital</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj08.jpg" class="new" title="File:Nj08.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">File:Nj08.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Nanjing (People's Republic of China) Municipal Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>The full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City". The city is under the one-party rule of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">CPC</a>, with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=CPC_Nanjing_Committee_Secretary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary (page does not exist)">CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary</a> as the <i>de facto</i> governor of the city and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor_of_Nanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayor of Nanjing (page does not exist)">Mayor</a> as the executive head of the government working under the secretary. </p><p>Nanjing currently consists of thirteen <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_China#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of China">county-level divisions</a>, of which eleven are <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a> and two are <a href="/wiki/County_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="County of China">counties</a>. The districts are the urban area of Nanjing while the counties are the rural area governed by the city. </p> <dl><dt>Districts and Counties</dt></dl><p> Nanjing is divided in to different districts and counties. The districts listed below are 11 urban districts and 2 counties:</p><figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj09.jpg" class="new" title="File:Nj09.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="300">File:Nj09.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Current Districts of Nanjing (2006)</figcaption></figure> <p>Districts: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District" class="mw-disambig" title="Xuanwu District">Xuanwu District</a> (玄武區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixia District">Baixia District</a> (白下區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinhuai District">Qinhuai District</a> (秦淮區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianye District">Jianye District</a> (建邺區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gulou District">Gulou District</a> (鼓楼區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiaguan District">Xiaguan District</a> (下关區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou District">Pukou District</a> (浦口區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liuhe District">Liuhe District</a> (六合區) (Formerly Liuhe County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qixia District">Qixia District</a> (栖霞區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhuatai District">Yuhuatai District</a> (雨花台區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District">Jiangning District</a> (江宁區) (Formerly Jiangning County)</li></ul> <p>Counties: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lishui_County" class="mw-disambig" title="Lishui County">Lishui County</a> (溧水县)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochun_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaochun County">Gaochun County</a> (高淳县)</li></ul> <p>The current partition of districts of Nanjing might change in the future. There was a rumor that Lishui County would be designated as a new urban district in the near future. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <table border="1" align="right;" style="float:right; margin: 1em;border-collapse:collapse;"> <caption><b>Population trend</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Year </th> <th style="background:#efefef;" width="80">Residents (in million) </th> <th style="background:#efefef;" width="100">natural growth rate (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1949</td> <td align="right">2.5670</td> <td align="right">13.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td align="right">2.5670</td> <td align="right">15.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td align="right">2.8034</td> <td align="right">19.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td align="right">3.2259</td> <td align="right">0.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965</td> <td align="right">3.4529</td> <td align="right">25.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td align="right">3.6053</td> <td align="right">20.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975</td> <td align="right">3.9299</td> <td align="right">9.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td align="right">4.1238</td> <td align="right">8.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td align="right">4.3587</td> <td align="right">8.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td align="right">4.6577</td> <td align="right">4.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td align="right">5.0182</td> <td align="right">9.18 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Year </th> <th style="background:#efefef;" width="80">Residents (in million) </th> <th style="background:#efefef;" width="100">natural growth rate (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td align="right">5.2172</td> <td align="right">2.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996</td> <td align="right">5.2543</td> <td align="right">2.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997</td> <td align="right">5.2982</td> <td align="right">2.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td align="right">5.3231</td> <td align="right">1.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td align="right">5.3744</td> <td align="right">2.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td align="right">5.4489</td> <td align="right">2.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td align="right">5.5304</td> <td align="right">1.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td align="right">5.6328</td> <td align="right">0.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td align="right">5.7223</td> <td align="right">1.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td align="right">6.0700</td> <td align="right">6.11 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the <i>Fifth China <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">Census</a></i>, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 6.24 million in 2000. The statistics in 2004 estimated the total population to be 6.40 million, while the number of city residents was 5.836 million. The <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> was 7.73% and the <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> was 5.44%. 47,429 couples married in 2004, while 7,036 pairs divorced. Among the newlyweds, 10,473 people were remarried. The urban area included 1.65 million people. </p><p>As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Han_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Han nationality">Han nationality</a> (98.56%), with 50 other <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">minority nationalities</a>. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were <a href="/wiki/Hui_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hui Chinese">Hui nationalities</a>, contributing 83.76% to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> (2,311) and <a href="/wiki/Zhuang" class="mw-disambig" title="Zhuang">Zhuang</a> (533) nationalities. Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13% of the district's population. </p><p>In 2003 the <a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">sex ratio</a> of the city population was 106.49 males to 100 females. </p><p>In 2006 the city's <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> was RMB 277.4 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita was RMB 45,276, a 15% increase from 2005. The average urban resident's <a href="/wiki/Disposable_income" title="Disposable income">disposable income</a> was RMB 17,538; while the average rural resident's net income is RMB 7,070. The urban <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> was 4.03%, lower than the national average (4.2%). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Yenanjing.JPG" class="new" title="File:Yenanjing.JPG"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="300">File:Yenanjing.JPG</span></a><figcaption>A night view of Nanjing city in 2006 shows the city's modernization by its economic development</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_development">Early development</h3></div> <p>Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has become an industrial center for textile and mint owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming Dynasty Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and even the world. It led in textile, mint, printing, shipbuilding and many other industries, and was the busiest business center in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>. </p><p>Into the first half of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">twentieth century</a>, Nanjing gradually shifted from a production hub into a heavy consumption city, mainly because of the rapid expansion of the wealthy population after Nanjing once again regained the political spotlight of China. A number of huge <a href="/wiki/Department_stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Department stores">department stores</a> such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyang_Shangchang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyang Shangchang (page does not exist)">Zhongyang Shangchang</a> sprouted up, attracting merchants from all over China to sell their products in Nanjing. In 1933, the revenue generated by the food and entertainment industry in the city exceeded the sum of the output of the manufacturing and agriculture industry. One third of the city population worked in the <a href="/wiki/Service_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Service industry">service industry</a>, while prostitution, drugs and gambling also thrived. </p><p>In the 1950s, the CPC invested heavily in Nanjing to build a series of state-owned <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industries</a>, as part of the national plan of rapid <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>. Electrical, mechanical, chemical and steel factories were established successively, converting Nanjing into a heavy industry production center of East China. Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, leaders of Nanjing also made many disastrous mistakes during the development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in the negative economic growth in the late 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Today">Today</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nanjingdt1.jpg" class="new" title="File:Nanjingdt1.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="300">File:Nanjingdt1.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Nanjing Downtown(2006)</figcaption></figure> <p>The current industry of the city basically inherited the characteristics of the 1960s, with electronics, cars, petrochemical, iron and steel, and power as the "Five Pillar Industries". Some representative big state-owned firms are <a href="/wiki/Panda_Electronics" title="Panda Electronics">Panda Electronics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jincheng_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jincheng Motors (page does not exist)">Jincheng Motors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Steel">Nanjing Steel</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary industry">tertiary industry</a> also regained prominence, counting for 44% of the GDP of the city. The city is also vying for foreign investment against neighboring cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and so far a number of famous <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational firms</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a>, <a href="/wiki/A.O._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="A.O. Smith">A.O. Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a>, have established their lines there. Since China's entry into the <a href="/wiki/WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a>, Nanjing has received increasing attention from foreign investors, and on average, two new foreign firms establish offices in the city every day. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj11.JPG" class="new" title="File:Nj11.JPG"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="150">File:Nj11.JPG</span></a><figcaption>Xinjiekou Commercial Area</figcaption></figure> <p>The city government is further improving the desirability of the city to investors by building large <a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">industrial parks</a>, which now total four: Gaoxin, Xingang, Huagong and Jiangning. Despite the effort, Nanjing is still falling behind other neighboring cities such as <a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, which have an edge in attracting foreign investment and local innovation. In addition, the traditional <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned enterprises">state-owned enterprises</a> find themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms, and hence are either mired in heavy debt or forced into <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a>. This has resulted in large number of <a href="/wiki/Layoff" title="Layoff">layoff workers</a> who are technically not unemployed but effectively jobless. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <p>Nanjing is the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transportation constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation">public transportation</a> is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citizens. Therefore see also <a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Nanjing" title="Category:Transport in Nanjing">Transport in Nanjing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land">Land</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njrs.jpg" class="new" title="File:Njrs.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="400">File:Njrs.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Nanjing Railway Station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Realway.jpg" class="new" title="File:Realway.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="150">File:Realway.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Nanjing Railway Platform</figcaption></figure> <p>As an important regional hub in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtsz_River_Delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtsz River Delta (page does not exist)">Yangtsz River Delta</a>, Nanjing is well-connected by over 60 state and provincial <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highways</a> to all parts of China. Express highways such as Hu-Ning, Ning-He, Ning-Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a>, Hangzhou, and other important cities fast and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Km_to_mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Km to mi (page does not exist)">Template:Km to mi</a> of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometers per hundred square kilometers (2.10 mi/38.6 sq mi); the total road coverage density of the city is 112.56 kilometers per hundred square kilometers (69.94 mi/38.6 sq mi). As for the railway system, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianjin-Pukou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianjin-Pukou (page does not exist)">Tianjin-Pukou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai-Nanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai-Nanjing (page does not exist)">Shanghai-Nanjing</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing-Wuhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing-Wuhu (page does not exist)">Nanjing-Wuhu</a> Trunk Railways meet in Nanjing, which has become an important hub of railways linking north, east and central China. Passenger rail service in Nanjing is provided mainly by <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Railway Station">Nanjing Railway Station</a>, while both <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_West_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing West Railway Station">Nanjing West Railway Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing South Railway Station">Nanjing South Railway Station</a> serve minor roles. Since 2008, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing South Railway Station">Nanjing South Railway Station</a> has been started working. This is officially claimed to be the larggest railway station in Asia after it is finished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njmetro.jpg" class="new" title="File:Njmetro.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="150">File:Njmetro.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Nanjing metro</figcaption></figure> <p>The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro system. The bus network, which is currently run by four companies (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Gongjiao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Gongjiao (page does not exist)">Nanjing Gongjiao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhongbei" title="Zhongbei">Zhongbei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argos" class="mw-disambig" title="Argos">Argos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xincheng" class="mw-disambig" title="Xincheng">Xincheng</a>), provides more than 170 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. The city's first <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_of_Nanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metro of Nanjing (page does not exist)">mass transit</a> line, Metro Line No.1, started service on May 15, 2005, and Metro Line No. 2 began construction in November 2005. The city is planning to complete a 433-kilometer (269 mi)-long Metro and <a href="/wiki/Light-rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-rail">light-rail</a> system by 2050. The expansion of the Metro network will greatly facilitate the intra-city transportation and reduce the currently heavy traffic congestion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <p>Nanjing's airport, <a href="/wiki/Lukou_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukou International Airport">Lukou International Airport</a>, serves both national and international flights. The airport is ranked 15th among 126 civil airports in China in terms of yearly passenger transport, and 10th for yearly cargo transport. The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. The airport is connected by a 29-kilometer (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various inter-city highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njbridge.jpg" class="new" title="File:Njbridge.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="150">File:Njbridge.jpg</span></a><figcaption>1st Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Nanjing" title="Port of Nanjing">Port of Nanjing</a> is the largest inland port in China, yearly <a href="/wiki/Throughput" class="mw-redirect" title="Throughput">throughput</a> reaching 66 million <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tons</a> in 2003. The port area is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Km_to_mi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Km to mi (page does not exist)">Template:Km to mi</a> in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region. In the 1960's Nanjing built its first Yangzte river bridge, which was almost the only way connecting Northern China and Southern China in eastern China at that time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_art">Culture and art</h2></div> <p>Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural center attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the <a href="/wiki/Tang_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tang Dynasty">Tang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Dynasty">Song</a> dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing</a> Dynasties, the city was the official <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">imperial examination</a> center for the <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a> region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShiGuLu_RomanCatholicChurch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ShiGuLu_RomanCatholicChurch.jpg/150px-ShiGuLu_RomanCatholicChurch.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ShiGuLu_RomanCatholicChurch.jpg/225px-ShiGuLu_RomanCatholicChurch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ShiGuLu_RomanCatholicChurch.jpg/300px-ShiGuLu_RomanCatholicChurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>A Roman Catholic Church in Nanjing</figcaption></figure> <p>Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a “city of culture” and one of the more pleasant cities to live in in China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nanjing_Art_Groups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nanjing Art Groups">list of Nanjing Art Groups</a></div> <p>Some of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qianxian_Dance_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qianxian Dance Company (page does not exist)">Qianxian Dance Company</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Dance_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Dance Company (page does not exist)">Nanjing Dance Company</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangsu_Peking_Opera_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute (page does not exist)">Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Xiaohonghua_Art_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company (page does not exist)">Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company</a> and so on. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Province_Kun_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangsu Province Kun Opera">Jiangsu Province Kun Opera</a> is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre, and puppet theatre. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_Art_Gallery" title="Jiangsu Art Gallery">Jiangsu Art Gallery</a> is the largest gallery in Jiangsu Province, presenting some of the best traditional and contemporary art pieces of China; many other smaller-scale galleries, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Chamber_Art_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Chamber Art Garden (page does not exist)">Red Chamber Art Garden</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinling_Stone_Gallery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinling Stone Gallery (page does not exist)">Jinling Stone Gallery</a>, also have their own special exhibitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Festivals_and_Events_of_Nanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Festivals and Events of Nanjing (page does not exist)">List of Festivals and Events of Nanjing</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Chengqiang.jpg" class="new" title="File:Chengqiang.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="170">File:Chengqiang.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Ming_City_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Ming City Wall">Ming Dynasty City Wall</a> in Nanjing</figcaption></figure> <p>Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qing_Xi_of_Nanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qing Xi of Nanjing (page does not exist)">Qing Xi</a> on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_lunar_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese lunar calendar">Chinese lunar calendar</a>). Almost none of them, however, is still celebrated by modern Nanjingese. </p><p>Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Plum_Blossom_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Plum Blossom Festival (page does not exist)">International Plum Blossom Festival</a> held in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plum_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plum Hill (page does not exist)">Plum Hill</a>, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Nanjing_Libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Nanjing Libraries (page does not exist)">list of Nanjing Libraries</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njlibarary.GIF" class="new" title="File:Njlibarary.GIF"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="160">File:Njlibarary.GIF</span></a><figcaption>The New Nanjing Library</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Library" title="Nanjing Library">Nanjing Library</a>, founded in 1907, houses more than 7 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_China" title="National Library of China">National Library</a> in Beijing and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Library" title="Shanghai Library">Shanghai Library</a>. Other libraries, such as city-owned <a href="/wiki/Jinling_Library" title="Jinling Library">Jinling Library</a> and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_Library" title="Nanjing University Library">Nanjing University Library</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a>, with a collection of 4.2 million volumes, is also one of the leading university libraries in China. In 2005, the new <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Library" title="Nanjing Library">Nanjing Library</a> was constructed. This library is the third larggest in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, right after the two that are in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="List of museums in Nanjing">list of museums in Nanjing</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Nj16.gif" class="new" title="File:Nj16.gif"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">File:Nj16.gif</span></a><figcaption>The Nanjing Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a>, formerly known as National Central Museum under KMT rule, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China. Other museums include the China Modern History Museum in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Building_(Nanjing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Building (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_Memorial_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall">Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/City_Museum_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="City Museum of Nanjing">City Museum of Nanjing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Kingdom_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiping Kingdom History Museum">Taiping Kingdom History Museum</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Customs_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Customs Museum (page does not exist)">Nanjing Customs Museum</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_City_Wall_Cultural_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum (page does not exist)">Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum</a>, and a small museum and tomb honoring the 15th century seafaring admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Night_life">Night life</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=1912biulding.jpg" class="new" title="File:1912biulding.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="150">File:1912biulding.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Pubs in Nanjing 1912 block</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fu_Zi_Miao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fu Zi Miao (page does not exist)">Fu Zi Miao</a> area along the <a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_River" title="Qinhuai River">Qinhuai River</a>, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. The area was also famous for the concentration of upper-class prostitutes, many of them patronized by high-ranking government officials and wealthy businessmen. Prostitution was banned after the CCP took over Nanjing. </p><p>In recent years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiekou" class="mw-disambig" title="Xinjiekou">Xinjiekou</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">CBD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunan_Road_Commercial_Street" title="Hunan Road Commercial Street">Hunan Road</a>. The newly opened "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_1912&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing 1912 (page does not exist)">Nanjing 1912</a>" district hosts a wide variety of pastime facilities ranging from traditional restaurants to western pubs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Reminhuitang.jpg" class="new" title="File:Reminhuitang.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="150">File:Reminhuitang.jpg</span></a><figcaption>People's Convention Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of Nanjing's major theatres are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres on different occasions. The major theatres include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_People%27s_Convention_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing People's Convention Hall (page does not exist)">People's Convention Hall</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Arts_and_Culture_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Arts and Culture Center (page does not exist)">Nanjing Arts and Culture Center</a>. </p><p>Most of the city's cinemas are not well maintained owing to lack of revenue and rampant movie piracy<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Yet a new cinema, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Shangying-Warner_Cinema_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Shangying-Warner Cinema Complex (page does not exist)">Nanjing Shangying-Warner Cinema Complex</a>, was opened in 2004, as the first modern cinema complex in Nanjing.It has become a must-visit for movie enthusiasts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stadium">Stadium</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Njolympique.jpg" class="new" title="File:Njolympique.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="150">File:Njolympique.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Satellite Map of Nanjing Olympique Stadium</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, <a href="/wiki/Wutaishan_Sports_Center" title="Wutaishan Sports Center">Wutaishan Sports Center</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Olympique_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Olympique Center (page does not exist)">Nanjing Olympique Center</a>. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc.. <a href="/wiki/Wutaishan_Sports_Center" title="Wutaishan Sports Center">Wutaishan Sports Center</a> was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>. </p><p>In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, there was a new stadium, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Olympique_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Olympique Center (page does not exist)">Nanjing Olympique Center</a>, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to <a href="/wiki/Wutaishan_Sports_Center" title="Wutaishan Sports Center">Wutaishan Sports Center</a>, whose major stadium's capacity is 18,600, stadium in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Olympique_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Olympique Center (page does not exist)">Nanjing Olympique Center</a> is more advanced and capacious. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Olympique_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Olympique Center (page does not exist)">Nanjing Olympique Center</a> has a stadium of capacity 60,000. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChaoTianGong_SideGate_Nanjing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ChaoTianGong_SideGate_Nanjing.jpg/180px-ChaoTianGong_SideGate_Nanjing.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ChaoTianGong_SideGate_Nanjing.jpg/270px-ChaoTianGong_SideGate_Nanjing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ChaoTianGong_SideGate_Nanjing.jpg/360px-ChaoTianGong_SideGate_Nanjing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Chaotian Gong (Chaotian Palace)'s entrance</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qixiasi00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Qixiasi00.jpg/180px-Qixiasi00.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Qixiasi00.jpg/270px-Qixiasi00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Qixiasi00.jpg/360px-Qixiasi00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Qixia_Temple" title="Qixia Temple">Qixia Temple</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">buddhist temple</a> was first built in 5th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Fuzimiao.jpg" class="new" title="File:Fuzimiao.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">File:Fuzimiao.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Fu Zi Miao buildings along Qinhua River</figcaption></figure> <p>As a popular tourist destination, Nanjing is often cited as having a unique charm: with a vast number of cultural sites and pleasant natural surroundings perfectly blending together, the ancient city enchants millions of tourists with a memorable experience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings_and_monuments">Buildings and monuments</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiji_Ge" title="Beiji Ge">Beiji Ge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaotian_Palace" title="Chaotian Palace">Chaotian Palace</a> (museum and <a href="/wiki/Kunqu" title="Kunqu">Kunqu opera</a> house)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzi_Miao" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzi Miao">Fuzi Miao</a> (Temple of Confucius) and Qinhuai River</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu_Lou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gu Lou (page does not exist)">Gu Lou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Gongyuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangnan Gongyuan">Jiangnan Gongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiming_Temple" title="Jiming Temple">Jiming Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghai_Temple" title="Jinghai Temple">Jinghai Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linggu_Temple" title="Linggu Temple">Linggu Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ming_Dynasty_Palace_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ming Dynasty Palace Site (page does not exist)">Ming Dynasty Palace Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Xiaoling_Mausoleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a> and its surrounding complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Ming_City_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Ming City Wall">Nanjing Ming City Wall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_China,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gate of China, Nanjing">Zhonghua Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_Temple" title="Qixia Temple">Qixia Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Tang_Mausoleums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Tang Mausoleums (page does not exist)">South Tang Mausoleums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone City">Stone City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Porcelain_Pagoda_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing">The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuejiang_Lou" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuejiang Lou">Yuejiang Lou</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_of_China_period_(1912-1949)"><span id="Republic_of_China_period_.281912-1949.29"></span>Republic of China period (1912-1949)</h4></div> <p>Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Zhongshanlin.jpg" class="new" title="File:Zhongshanlin.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="200">File:Zhongshanlin.jpg</span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum" title="Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum">Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Catholic Church at Shigu Road (112 Shigu Road)</li> <li>Central Hotel (237 E. Zhongshan Road)</li> <li>Central Stadium (present day Nanjing Physical Education Institute)</li> <li>China Bank of Communications Nanjing Branch (1 E. Zhongshan Road)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dahua_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dahua Theatre (page does not exist)">Dahua Theatre</a> (67 S. Zhongshan Road)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Former_Central_Government_Building_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Former Central Government Building Group (page does not exist)">Former Central Government Building Group</a> along N. Zhongshan Road</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Former_Foreign_Embassies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Former Foreign Embassies (page does not exist)">Former Foreign Embassies</a> in Gu Lou Area</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huiwen_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huiwen Institute (page does not exist)">Huiwen Institute</a> Bell Tower (196 Zhongshan Road)</li> <li>Jiangsu Art Gallery (Former National Art Gallery)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lizhi_She&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lizhi She (page does not exist)">Lizhi She</a> (307 E. Zhongshan Road)</li> <li>Macklin Hospital (321 Zhongshan Road, present day <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu_Lou_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gu Lou Hospital (page does not exist)">Gu Lou Hospital</a>)</li> <li>Nanjing Museum Complex</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Officials_Residence_Cluster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Officials Residence Cluster (page does not exist)">Officials Residence Cluster</a> along Yihe Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_(Nanjing)" title="Presidential Palace (Nanjing)">Presidential Palace, Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain_Observatory" title="Purple Mountain Observatory">Purple Mountain Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church,_Nanjing" title="St. Paul's Church, Nanjing">St. Paul's Church</a> (396 S. Taiping Road)</li> <li>The Complex of Former <a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a> (39 E. Beijing Road)</li> <li>The Complex of Former <a href="/wiki/National_Central_University" title="National Central University">Central University</a></li> <li>The Complex of Former <a href="/wiki/Jinling_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinling University">Jinling University</a></li> <li>Yangzi Hotel (2 Baoshan Road)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Mausoleum" title="Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum">Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum</a> and its surrounding area</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinling_Hotel" title="Jinling Hotel">Jinling Hotel</a> On Zhongshan (19th) Avenue</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangsu_TV_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangsu TV Tower (page does not exist)">Jiangsu TV Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge">Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=River-crossing_Victory_Monument&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="River-crossing Victory Monument (page does not exist)">River-crossing Victory Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Harbor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Harbor (page does not exist)">Nanjing Harbor</a> on Latitude 8th Street</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_galleries">Museums and galleries</h3></div> <p>See <a href="#Culture_and_Art">Culture and Art</a> above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Mochou_Lake6.jpg" class="new" title="File:Mochou Lake6.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="200">File:Mochou Lake6.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Classical buildings in the Mochou Lake</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xuanwuhu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Xuanwuhu.jpg/200px-Xuanwuhu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Xuanwuhu.jpg/300px-Xuanwuhu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Xuanwuhu.jpg/400px-Xuanwuhu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Xuanwu Lake</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bailu_Zhou_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bailu Zhou Park (page does not exist)">Bailu Zhou Park</a> (White Aigret Islet Park)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baima_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Baima Park">Baima Park</a> (White Horse Park)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hongshan_Zoological_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hongshan Zoological Park (page does not exist)">Hongshan Zoological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiuhua_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiuhua Hill (page does not exist)">Jiuhua Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochou_Lake" title="Mochou Lake">Mochou Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Mountain" class="mw-disambig" title="Purple Mountain">Purple Mountain</a> Scenic Area</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingliang_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingliang Hill (page does not exist)">Qingliang Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qixia_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qixia Hill (page does not exist)">Qixia Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiuqiu_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiuqiu Park (page does not exist)">Xiuqiu Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Garden" title="Xu Garden">Xu Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_Lake" title="Xuanwu Lake">Xuanwu Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulong_Tan_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulong Tan Park (page does not exist)">Ulong Tan Park</a> (Black Dragon Pond)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanzi_Ji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanzi Ji (page does not exist)">Yanzi Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhua_Tai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuhua Tai (page does not exist)">Yuhua Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhan_Garden" class="mw-disambig" title="Zhan Garden">Zhan Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhenzhu_Spring_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhenzhu Spring Park (page does not exist)">Zhenzhu Spring Park</a> (Pearl Spring Park)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_He_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheng He Park (page does not exist)">Zheng He Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Botanical_Garden,_Mem._Sun_Yat-Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen">Zhongshan Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yue_Ya_(Crescent)_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yue Ya (Crescent) Lake (page does not exist)">Yue Ya (Crescent) Lake</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Markets_and_shopping_areas">Markets and shopping areas</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzi_Miao" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzi Miao">Fuzi Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunan_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunan Road (page does not exist)">Hunan Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiekou_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Xinjiekou (disambiguation)">Xinjiekou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyangmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyangmen (page does not exist)">Zhongyangmen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_places_of_interests">Other places of interests</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangshan_Hot_Spring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangshan Hot Spring (page does not exist)">Tangshan Hot Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangxin_Islet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangxin Islet (page does not exist)">Jiangxin Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangshan_Tomb_Stone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangshan Tomb Stone (page does not exist)">Yangshan Tomb Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Crossing_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Crossing Nanjing">Yangtze River Crossing Nanjing</a>, tallest <a href="/wiki/Electricity_pylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity pylon">electricity pylons</a> built of concrete.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <p>Nanjing has been the educational center in southern China for more than 1700 years. Currently, it boasts of some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region, which are listed as follows: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National">National</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing University</a> (南京大学) (originated in 258, Part of National Central University 国立中央大学 1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast University</a> (东南大学) (Part of National Central University 国立中央大学, founded in 1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohai_University" title="Hohai University">Hohai University</a> (河海大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Agricultural_University" title="Nanjing Agricultural University">Nanjing Agricultural University</a> (南京农业大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Pharmaceutical_University" title="China Pharmaceutical University">China Pharmaceutical University</a> (中国药科大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Science_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing University of Science & Technology">Nanjing University of Science & Technology</a> (南京理工大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics">Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a> (南京航空航天大学)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public">Public</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing University of Technology">Nanjing University of Technology</a> (南京工业大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Forestry_University" title="Nanjing Forestry University">Nanjing Forestry University</a> (南京林业大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Medical_University" title="Nanjing Medical University">Nanjing Medical University</a> (南京医科大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Normal_University" title="Nanjing Normal University">Nanjing Normal University</a> (南京师范大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a>(南京中医药大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Finance_%26_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing University of Finance & Economics">Nanjing University of Finance & Economics</a> (南京财经大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Posts_and_Telecommunications" title="Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications">Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications</a> (南京邮电大学)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_University_of_Information_Science_%26_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (page does not exist)">Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology</a> (南京信息工程大学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Institute_of_Physical_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Institute of Physical Education">Nanjing Institute of Physical Education</a> (南京体育学院)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Arts_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Arts Institute">Nanjing Arts Institute</a> (南京艺术学院)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Audit_University" title="Nanjing Audit University">Nanjing Audit University</a> (南京审计学院)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Xiaozhuang_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Xiaozhuang College (page does not exist)">Nanjing Xiaozhuang College</a> (南京晓庄学院)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinling_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinling Institute of Technology (page does not exist)">Jinling Institute of Technology</a> (金陵科技学院)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private">Private</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiang_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjiang College">Sanjiang College</a> (三江学院)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins-Nanjing_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopkins-Nanjing Center">Hopkins-Nanjing Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Schools">High Schools</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Canadian_Academy_at_the_Nanjing_Foreign_Language_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Canadian Academy at the Nanjing Foreign Language School (page does not exist)">Grand Canadian Academy at the Nanjing Foreign Language School</a> (南京外国语学校中加国际高中)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Foreign_Language_School" title="Nanjing Foreign Language School">Nanjing Foreign Language School</a> (南京外国语学校)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Affiliated_to_Nanjing_Normal_University" title="High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University">High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University</a> (南京师范大学附属中学)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinling_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinling High School">Jinling High School</a> (金陵中学)</li> <li>Nanjing No.13 Middle School (南京第十三中学)</li> <li>Nanjing No.1 Middle School (南京第一中学)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhonghua_Middle_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhonghua Middle School (page does not exist)">Zhonghua Middle School</a> (中华中学)</li> <li>Nanjing No.9 Middle School (南京第九中学)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2></div> <p>Nanjing currently has 18 sister cities (areas), namely: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barranquilla" title="Barranquilla">Barranquilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Malacca Town">Malacca Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a> (Nov 02, 1978, The 1st pair of Twin Cities between America and People's Republic of China)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Daejeon" title="Daejeon">Daejeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Nanjing">Treaty of Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Nanking_(book)" title="The Rape of Nanking (book)">The Rape of Nanking (book)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population">List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=83285&refer=&units=metric">Nanjing, China</a>. Weatherbase.com. Last accessed January 17, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, vols. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7066" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑/卷066">66</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7094" class="extiw" title="s:zh:資治通鑑/卷094">94</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMote,_F.W.1999" class="citation book cs1">Mote, F.W. (1999). <i>Imperial China (900-1800)</i>. Harvard University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China+%28900-1800%29&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Mote%2C+F.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">Largest Cities Through History</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJiang,_Zanchu1995" class="citation book cs1">Jiang, Zanchu (1995). <i>Nanjing shi hua</i>. Nanjing: Nanjing chu ban she. ISBN 7-80614-159-6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nanjing+shi+hua&rft.place=Nanjing&rft.pub=Nanjing+chu+ban+she&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Zanchu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANanjing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nanjing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nanjing">Nanjing</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nanjing.gov.cn">Nanjing Government website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nanjing.jiangsu.net">Jiangsu Network</a> Nanjing city guide with open directory</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikitravel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Wikitravel (page does not exist)">Template:Wikitravel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synotrip.com/nanjing/">Nanjing travel guide</a> Synotrip</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br />1368-1420 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br />1928-1937 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> (wartime)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br />1945-1949 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> <br /><small>for the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> <br /><small>for the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></small></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Jiangsu_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jiangsu" title="Template:Jiangsu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jiangsu" title="Template talk:Jiangsu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jiangsu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jiangsu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Jiangsu_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Jiangsu" title="List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nanjing" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nanjing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuanwu District, Nanjing">Xuanwu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinhuai District">Qinhuai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianye District">Jianye District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Nanjing">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou District">Pukou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhe District">Luhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qixia District">Qixia District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhuatai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhuatai District">Yuhuatai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangning District">Jiangning District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lishui District">Lishui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaochun District">Gaochun District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Binhu District">Binhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huishan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huishan District">Huishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishan_District,_Wuxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Xishan District, Wuxi">Xishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangxi District">Liangxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinwu_District,_Wuxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinwu District, Wuxi">Xinwu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yunlong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunlong District">Yunlong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Xuzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Xuzhou">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiawang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiawang District">Jiawang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongshan District">Tongshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Quanshan District">Quanshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining_County,_Jiangsu" title="Suining County, Jiangsu">Suining County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_County" title="Pei County">Pei County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_County,_Jiangsu" title="Feng County, Jiangsu">Feng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhonglou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhonglou District">Zhonglou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianning District">Tianning District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinbei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinbei District">Xinbei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujin District">Wujin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jintan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jintan District">Jintan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gusu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gusu District">Gusu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huqiu District">Huqiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzhong District">Wuzhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangcheng District, Suzhou">Xiangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiang_District,_Suzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujiang District, Suzhou">Wujiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chongchuan District">Chongchuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Nantong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Nantong">Tongzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen District">Haimen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai%27an" title="Hai'an">Hai'an City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudong_County" title="Rudong County">Rudong County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haizhou_District,_Lianyungang" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhou District, Lianyungang">Haizhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lianyun District">Lianyun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganyu District">Ganyu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanyun_County" title="Guanyun County">Guanyun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donghai_County" title="Donghai County">Donghai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guannan_County" title="Guannan County">Guannan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingjiangpu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingjiangpu District">Qingjiangpu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huai'an District">Huai'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyin_District,_Huai%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyin District, Huai'an">Huaiyin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongze_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongze District">Hongze District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhu_County" title="Jinhu County">Jinhu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuyi_County" title="Xuyi County">Xuyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianshui_County" title="Lianshui County">Lianshui County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinghu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinghu District">Tinghu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yandu District">Yandu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dafeng District">Dafeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheyang_County" title="Sheyang County">Sheyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funing_County,_Jiangsu" title="Funing County, Jiangsu">Funing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binhai_County" title="Binhai County">Binhai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangshui_County" title="Xiangshui County">Xiangshui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianhu_County" title="Jianhu County">Jianhu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangling District">Guangling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanjiang_District,_Yangzhou" title="Hanjiang District, Yangzhou">Hanjiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangdu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangdu District">Jiangdu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoying_County" title="Baoying County">Baoying County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkou District">Jingkou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Runzhou District">Runzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dantu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dantu District">Dantu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hailing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hailing District">Hailing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaogang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaogang District">Gaogang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangyan District">Jiangyan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sucheng District">Sucheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suyu District">Suyu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuyang_County" title="Shuyang County">Shuyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyang_County" title="Siyang County">Siyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihong_County" title="Sihong County">Sihong County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Major_cities_of_Greater_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Major cities of Greater China (page does not exist)">Template:Major cities of Greater China</a> </p><p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nanjing&params=32_03_N_118_46_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°03′N</span> <span class="longitude">118°46′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.050°N 118.767°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.050; 118.767</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&oldid=196849064">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&oldid=196849064</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Articles_lacking_sources_from_December_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Articles lacking sources from December 2007 (page does not exist)">Articles lacking sources from December 2007</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Articles_needing_cleanup_from_September_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Articles needing cleanup from September 2007 (page does not exist)">Articles needing cleanup from September 2007</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Cleanup_tagged_articles_without_a_reason_field_from_September_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from September 2007 (page does not exist)">Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from September 2007</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_pages_needing_cleanup_from_September_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from September 2007 (page does not exist)">Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from September 2007</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2006 (page does not exist)">Articles needing additional references from August 2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Jiangsu" title="Category:Cities in Jiangsu">Cities in Jiangsu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nanjing" title="Category:Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sub-provincial_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_capitals_in_China" title="Category:Provincial capitals in China">Provincial capitals in China</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_invalid_date_parameter_in_template" title="Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template">Articles with invalid date parameter in template</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_sources" title="Category:All articles lacking sources">All articles lacking sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_missing_files" title="Category:Articles with missing files">Articles with missing files</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_no_coordinates" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates">Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2008" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2008" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hatnote_templates_targeting_a_nonexistent_page" title="Category:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page">Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2007" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 March 2008, at 20:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>.</span></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanjing&oldid=196849064&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-b8qcj","wgBackendResponseTime":1618,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.883","walltime":"1.398","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10522,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":113420,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14326,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":29053,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 934.986 1 -total"," 25.15% 235.119 1 Template:Infobox_Settlement"," 16.44% 153.751 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.47% 116.621 42 Template:Main_other"," 11.40% 106.559 3 Template:Navbox"," 11.32% 105.818 1 Template:Jiangsu"," 10.45% 97.738 2 Template:Cite_book"," 9.95% 93.069 18 Template:Flagicon"," 8.39% 78.434 1 Template:Unreferenced"," 7.80% 72.911 3 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.418","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9973583,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-b8qcj","timestamp":"20241125175255","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Nanjing","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjing","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16666","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16666","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-17T10:20:25Z","dateModified":"2008-03-08T20:55:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7f\/Fireflies_at_Linggu_Temple%2C_20160627.jpg","headline":"capital city of Jiangsu Province, China, former capital of the Republic of China and China's Ming dynasty"}</script> </body> </html>