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id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ang_Kasunduan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ang_Kasunduan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ang Kasunduan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ang_Kasunduan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Ang Kasunduan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ang_Kasunduan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kasunduan_sa_Paris_(1898)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasunduan_sa_Paris_(1898)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kasunduan sa Paris (1898)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasunduan_sa_Paris_(1898)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paunang_pagsasaalang-alang_ng_kalayaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paunang_pagsasaalang-alang_ng_kalayaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Paunang pagsasaalang-alang ng kalayaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paunang_pagsasaalang-alang_ng_kalayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komonwelt_ng_Philipinas_(1934–1942,_1945–1946)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komonwelt_ng_Philipinas_(1934–1942,_1945–1946)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Komonwelt ng Philipinas (1934–1942, 1945–1946)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komonwelt_ng_Philipinas_(1934–1942,_1945–1946)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pananakop_ng_Hapones_(1942–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pananakop_ng_Hapones_(1942–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Pananakop ng Hapones (1942–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pananakop_ng_Hapones_(1942–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panahon_ng_Republika_(1946)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panahon_ng_Republika_(1946)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Panahon ng Republika (1946)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panahon_ng_Republika_(1946)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_Probisyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Probisyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mga Probisyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_Probisyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_limitasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_limitasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mga limitasyon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_limitasyon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga limitasyon</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_limitasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ang_Tugon_ng_Pamahalaang_Pilipino_sa_Kasunduan_ng_Mga_Batas_Militar_ng_Estados_Unidos_at_Pilipinas_noong_1947" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ang_Tugon_ng_Pamahalaang_Pilipino_sa_Kasunduan_ng_Mga_Batas_Militar_ng_Estados_Unidos_at_Pilipinas_noong_1947"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ang Tugon ng Pamahalaang Pilipino sa Kasunduan ng Mga Batas Militar ng Estados Unidos at Pilipinas noong 1947</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ang_Tugon_ng_Pamahalaang_Pilipino_sa_Kasunduan_ng_Mga_Batas_Militar_ng_Estados_Unidos_at_Pilipinas_noong_1947-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_Sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mga Sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_Sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliograpiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliograpiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliograpiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliograpiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_panlabas_na_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mga panlabas na link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kasunduan ng Maynila (1946)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 13 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_(1946)" title="اتفاقية مانيلا (1946) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتفاقية مانيلا (1946)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Manila_(1946)" title="Treaty of Manila (1946) – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Treaty of Manila (1946)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Manila_(1946)" title="Tratado de Manila (1946) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratado de Manila (1946)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Manille" title="Traité de Manille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traité de Manille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Manila_(1946)" title="Perjanjian Manila (1946) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perjanjian Manila (1946)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulag_ti_Manila_(1946)" title="Tulag ti Manila (1946) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tulag ti Manila (1946)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattato_di_Manila_(1946)" title="Trattato di Manila (1946) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattato di Manila (1946)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A9%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84_(1946%E5%B9%B4)" title="マニラ条約 (1946年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニラ条約 (1946年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Manila_(1946)" title="Perjanjian Manila (1946) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perjanjian Manila (1946)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Manila_(1946)" title="Tratado de Manila (1946) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratado de Manila (1946)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_(1946)" title="Манильский договор (1946) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Манильский договор (1946)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_shartnomasi_1946" title="Manila shartnomasi 1946 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Manila shartnomasi 1946" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6_(1946%E5%B9%B4)" title="马尼拉条约 (1946年) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马尼拉条约 (1946年)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7837141#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapan:Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito (hindi pa naisusulat) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. 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href="/w/index.php?title=Tratado_ng_Maynila_(1946)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Tratado ng Maynila (1946)">Tratado ng Maynila (1946)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title">Treaty of Manila</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv/220px--1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="128" data-mwtitle="1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv/1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv/1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv/1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A1946-07-15_Philippines_Independence_Proclaimed.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span></span><div class="infobox-caption">July 1946 newsreel</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nilagdaan</th><td class="infobox-data">4 Hulyo 1946<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart updated">1946-07-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lokasyon</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nagkabisà</th><td class="infobox-data">22 Oktubre 1946<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart updated">1946-10-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kundisyon</th><td class="infobox-data">Exchange of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratification (hindi pa naisusulat)">ratifications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nagsilagda</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Republic of the Philippines</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depositaryo</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Philippines">Government of the Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sipi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:USStat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:USStat (hindi pa naisusulat)">Padron:USStat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaties_and_Other_International_Acts_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaties and Other International Acts Series (hindi pa naisusulat)">TIAS</a> 1568, 11 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaties_and_Other_International_Agreements_of_the_United_States_of_America_1776%E2%80%931949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776–1949 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bevans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-ph-ust000011-0003.pdf">3</a>, 7 <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Treaty_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Treaty Series (hindi pa naisusulat)">UNTS</a> 3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wika</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Manila_(1946)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Treaty of Manila (1946)">Treaty of Manila (1946)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>Kasunduan sa Maynila noong 1946</b>, na pormal na <b>Kasunduan sa Pangkalahatang Relasyon at Kasunduan</b>, ay isang kasunduan sa mga pangkalahatang ugnayan na nilagdaan noong Hulyo 4, 1946 sa <a href="/wiki/Maynila" title="Maynila">Maynila</a>, ang kabisera ng <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a>. Pinawalan nito ang soberanya ng US sa Pilipinas at kinilala ang kalayaan ng <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Republika ng Pilipinas</a>. Ang kasunduan ay nilagdaan ng Mataas na Komisyoner na si Paul V. McNutt bilang kinatawan ng <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> at si Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a> bilang kinatawan ng <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a>. </p><p>Nilagdaan ito ng Pangulo ng Estados Unidos na si <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry Truman</a> noong Agosto 14, 1946, matapos magbigay ng payo at pahintulot ng <a href="/wiki/Senado_ng_Estados_Unidos" title="Senado ng Estados Unidos">Senado ng Estados Unidos</a> noong Hulyo 31, 1946 sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatibay sa kasunduan. Napatunayan ito ng Pilipinas noong Setyembre 30, 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-bevans_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bevans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naging epektibo ang kasunduan noong Oktubre 22, 1946, nang ipinagpalitan ang pagpapatibay. Ang kasunduan ay sinamahan ng isang "pansamantalang kasunduan hinggil sa mga karatig na relasyon at representasyong diplomatiko at konsulado" (60 Stat. 1800, TIAS 1539, 6 UNTS 335) hanggang sa mapagtibay ang kasunduan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ang_Kasunduan">Ang Kasunduan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ang Kasunduan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ang Kasunduan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang mapagpasyang tagumpay ni Commodore Dewey sa Digmaan sa Look ng Maynila noong Mayo 1, 1898 ay nagmarka ng pagbagsak ng mga panlabas na panlaban sa Espanya sa Pilipinas. Ang tagumpay ni Dewey ay sinundan ng isang alyansa sa pagitan ng pwersa ng US at mga pwersang Pilipino na pinamunuan ni Heneral <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Pagpapahayag_ng_Kalayaan_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pagpapahayag ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas">idineklara ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas</a> noong Hunyo 12, 1898 at nagpatuloy na bumuo ng <a href="/wiki/Unang_Republika_ng_Pilipinas" title="Unang Republika ng Pilipinas">Unang Republika ng Pilipinas</a>. Ang proklamasyon ni Aguinaldo ng kalayaan ay hindi kinilala ng Espanya o ng EUA. </p><p>Sa oras ng proklamasyon ni Aguinaldo, itinakdang talunin ng tropa ng Pilipino ang huli ng mga Espanyol. Sa pagtatapos ng Hulyo, tinatayang kabuuang 12,000 tropa ng Estados Unidos ang dumating upang sumali sa mga pwersang Pilipino. Ang mga tensyon sa alyansa ay lumitaw sa panahong ito. Bilang pasimula, ang mga tropang Amerikano at Pilipino ay sinasabing "nagkulang sa pagkakaibigan na karaniwang naroroon sa pagitan ng mga kasama sa militar." </p><p>Ang "masakit na pagkakaiba sa mga interes" lalong naging halata kay Aguinaldo, na minsan ay tumanggi na dumalo sa isang Pang-apat na seremonya ng Hulyo sa Cavite matapos siyang tugunan ng "heneral," sa halip na "pangulo," sa nakasulat na paanyaya. Ang sinasadya sa likod ng alyansa ay direktang pinag-uusapan sa mga pag-uusap sa pagitan nina Aguinaldo, Dewey, at iba pang mga heneral ng Estados Unidos. Sa isang pagpupulong, naiulat na tahasang tinanong ni Aguinaldo, "balak bang gawin ng Estados Unidos ang Pilipinas bilang mga teritoryo?" Ang Brigadier General na si Thomas Anderson ay binalewala ang mga haka-haka ni Aguinaldo: "Hindi ko masagot iyon, ngunit sa 122 taon ay wala kaming itinatag na mga kolonya.... Iiwan ka upang gumuhit ng sariling hinuha." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kasunduan_sa_Paris_(1898)"><span id="Kasunduan_sa_Paris_.281898.29"></span>Kasunduan sa Paris (1898)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasunduan sa Paris (1898)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kasunduan sa Paris (1898)"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Pilipino%E2%80%93Amerikano" title="Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano">Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano</a> ay nagtapos sa pormal na paglipat ng kapangyarihan sa Pilipinas. Ang Proklamasyon ng Kalayaan ng Pilipinas noong Hunyo 12, 1898 ay napabayaan ng kapwa Espanya at ng US Sa halip, kapwa sumang-ayon sa isang hanay ng mga tuntunin na ibinigay ng <a href="/wiki/Kasunduan_sa_Paris_(1898)" title="Kasunduan sa Paris (1898)">Kasunduan sa Paris</a> kung saan tumutol ang Unang Republika ng Pilipinas, na minamarkahan ang pagsisimula ng Digmaang Pilipino – Amerikano. </p><p>Ang Kasunduan sa Paris noong 1898 ay isang kasunduan na ginawa noong 1898 na kinasasangkutan ng Espanya na talikuran ang halos lahat ng natitirang <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Kastila" title="Imperyong Kastila">Imperyong Espanya</a>, lalo na ang <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, at ipinadala ang <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, at ang Pilipinas sa Estados Unidos. Ang pag-sensyo ng Pilipinas ay may kasamang pagbabayad na $ 20 milyon mula sa Estados Unidos hanggang sa Espanya. Ang kasunduan ay nilagdaan noong Disyembre 10, 1898 at natapos ang <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Espanyol%E2%80%93Amerikano" title="Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano">Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano</a>. Ang Kasunduan sa Paris ay nagkabisa noong Abril 11, 1899, nang ipinagpalit ang mga dokumento ng pagpapatibay. </p><p>Ang Kasunduan ay minarkahan ang pagtatapos ng Imperyo ng Espanya, bukod sa ilang maliliit na pag-aari ng <a href="/wiki/Aprika" title="Aprika">Aprika</a>. Minarkahan nito ang simula ng edad ng Estados Unidos bilang isang kapangyarihang pandaigdigan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paunang_pagsasaalang-alang_ng_kalayaan">Paunang pagsasaalang-alang ng kalayaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Paunang pagsasaalang-alang ng kalayaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Paunang pagsasaalang-alang ng kalayaan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong 1899, itinalaga ng Pangulo ng Estados Unidos na si <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> ang Unang Komisyon ng Pilipinas na magsisiyasat at gumawa ng mga rekomendasyon sa mga isla. Kahit na nagtapos na "ang mga Pilipino ay ganap na hindi nakahanda para sa kalayaan... walang bansang Pilipinas, ngunit isang koleksyon lamang ng iba't ibang mga tao,"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kinilala nito ang pagnanasa ng Pilipinas para sa kalayaan at mga inirekumendang hakbang, tulad ng edukasyon sa publiko at isang lehislatura ng dalwang panig, upang lumikha ng isang "pagsulong sa isang posisyon sa gitna ng pinaka-sibilisadong mamamayan sa buong mundo" at sa gayon ay "isang maliwanagan na sistema ng pamahalaan kung saan masisiyahan ang mamamayan ng Pilipinas sa pinakamalaking sukat ng panuntunan sa tahanan at ang pinakamalakas na kalayaan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nakialam ang Digmaang Pilipino – Amerikano, kung saan pinakinggan ni McKinley ang mga rekomendasyon ng Komisyon, itinatag ang <a href="/wiki/Komisyong_Taft" title="Komisyong Taft">Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas</a> (Komisyong Taft), at binigyan ito ng pambatasan at limitadong mga kapangyarihan ng ehekutibo. Sa una, ito ay ang nag-iisang pambatasang katawan ng <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a>, ngunit pagkatapos ng pagpasa ng <a href="/wiki/Batas_Cooper" title="Batas Cooper">Philippine Organic Act</a> noong 1902, ang Komisyon ay gumana bilang isang bahay ng isang pambatasan na bicameral. </p><p>Sa pagtatapos ng kanyang termino, si <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> "ay naniwala na ang Estados Unidos ay hindi maaaring panatilihin ang pangmatagalang imperyalismo dahil sa mga ideyal na pamamahala sa sarili at sistemang partido nito." </p><p>Bukod dito, maraming mga Republikano at karamihan sa mga Demokratiko ang nagsimulang humiling para sa isang agarang pangako ng US ng tuluyang kalayaan, na nag-ambag ng Estados Unidos sa wakas na kalayaan ng Pilipinas. </p><p>Noong 1916, ipinasa ng Kongreso ang <a href="/wiki/Batas_Jones_(1916)" title="Batas Jones (1916)">Batas Jones</a>, na nagsisilbing bagong organikong kilos, o konstitusyon, para sa Pilipinas. Ang paunang salita nito ay nakasaad na ang kalaunan ng kalayaan ng Pilipinas ay magiging patakaran ng Amerika, napapailalim sa pagtatatag ng isang matatag na gobyerno. Inalis nito ang Komisyon mula sa matataas na kapulungan ng lehislatura at pinalitan ito ng isang nahalal na senado, kung kaya binago ang <a href="/wiki/Lehislaturang_Pilipino" title="Lehislaturang Pilipino">Lehislatura ng Pilipinas</a> sa unang ganap na nahalal na lupon ng Pilipinas at ang gobyerno Estados Unidos. Gayunpaman, ang <a href="/wiki/Ehekutibong_sangay" title="Ehekutibong sangay">sangay ng ehekutibo</a> ay nagpatuloy na pinamumunuan ng isang itinalagang <a href="/wiki/Mga_Gobernador-Heneral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas">Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas</a>, na palaging magiging isang Amerikano.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noong 1934, ipinasa ng Kongreso ang <a href="/wiki/Batas_Tydings%E2%80%93McDuffie" title="Batas Tydings–McDuffie">Batas Tydings–McDuffie</a> upang maitaguyod ang proseso upang ang Pilipinas ay maging isang malayang bansa pagkatapos ng sampung taong panahon ng paglipat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Komonwelt_ng_Philipinas_(1934–1942,_1945–1946)"><span id="Komonwelt_ng_Philipinas_.281934.E2.80.931942.2C_1945.E2.80.931946.29"></span>Komonwelt ng Philipinas (1934–1942, 1945–1946)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Komonwelt ng Philipinas (1934–1942, 1945–1946)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Komonwelt ng Philipinas (1934–1942, 1945–1946)"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong 1934, si <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Senado_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas">Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas</a>, ay namuno sa isang "misyon sa Kalayaan ng Pilipinas" sa <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, DC</a>. Matagumpay nitong na-lobby ang Kongreso at humantong sa pagpasa ng Tydings – McDuffie Act, na opisyal na ang Philippine Independence Act, na inilalagay ang paggalaw ng proseso para sa Pilipinas upang maging isang malayang bansa pagkatapos ng sampung taong panahon ng paglipat. Sa ilalim ng batas, ang <a href="/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_Pilipinas" title="Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas">Konstitusyon ng 1935 ng Pilipinas</a> ay naisulat at ang <a href="/wiki/Komonwelt_ng_Pilipinas" title="Komonwelt ng Pilipinas">Komonwelt ng Pilipinas</a> ay itinatag, na may unang direktang nahalal na <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Pilipinas" title="Pangulo ng Pilipinas">Pangulo ng Pilipinas</a> (ang tuwirang halalan sa <a href="/wiki/Lehislaturang_Pilipino" title="Lehislaturang Pilipino">Lehislatura ng Pilipinas</a> ay ginanap mula 1907).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang Pansariling Pamhalaan, na itinatag noong 1935 ay nagtatampok ng isang napakalakas na ehekutibo, isang unicameral na <a href="/wiki/Kapulungang_Pambansa_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapulungang Pambansa ng Pilipinas">pambansang pagpupulong</a>, at isang kataas-taasang korte na buong Pilipino sa unang pagkakataon mula pa noong 1901. </p><p>Noong 1935, nanalo si Quezon sa halalan upang punan ang bagong nilikha na tanggapan ng Pangulo, at isang gobyerno ang nabuo batay sa mga prinsipyo na mababaw na katulad sa Konstitusyon ng US. Nagsimula ang bagong gobyerno sa isang ambisyosong agenda ng pagtaguyod ng batayan para sa pambansang depensa, higit na kontrol sa ekonomiya, mga reporma sa edukasyon, pagpapabuti ng transportasyon, ang kolonisasyon ng isla ng Mindanao, at pagsusulong ng lokal na kapital at industriyalisasyon. Gayunpaman, nahaharap din ang Commonwealth sa agrarian kaguluhan, isang hindi tiyak na sitwasyon diplomatiko at militar sa <a href="/wiki/Timog-silangang_Asya" title="Timog-silangang Asya">Timog-silangang Asya</a>, at walang katiyakan sa antas ng pangako ng Estados Unidos sa hinaharap na Republika ng Pilipinas.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noong 1939 at 1940, ang Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas ay binago upang maibalik ang isang bicameral na Kongreso at payagan ang muling halalan ng Quezon, na dating pinaghigpitan sa isang solong, anim na taong termino. </p><p>Sa mga taon ng Komonwelt, nagpadala ang Pilipinas ng isang nahalal na Komisyonado ng Residente sa <a href="/wiki/Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Estados_Unidos" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Estados Unidos">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan</a> ng US, tulad ng ginagawa ngayon ng <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> at iba pang mga Teritoryo ng Estados Unidos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pananakop_ng_Hapones_(1942–1945)"><span id="Pananakop_ng_Hapones_.281942.E2.80.931945.29"></span>Pananakop ng Hapones (1942–1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pananakop ng Hapones (1942–1945)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Pananakop ng Hapones (1942–1945)"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sinalakay ng mga Hapones ang Pilipinas noong huling bahagi ng 1941, na kumpletong nakontrol ang mga isla noong Mayo 1942. Ang pananakop ay nagpatuloy sa loob ng tatlong taon hanggang sa pagsuko ng Japan, at ang pamahalaang Komonwelt ay nagpatapon mula 1942 hanggang 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panahon_ng_Republika_(1946)"><span id="Panahon_ng_Republika_.281946.29"></span>Panahon ng Republika (1946)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Panahon ng Republika (1946)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Panahon ng Republika (1946)"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Natapos ang Commonwealth nang kinilala ng Estados Unidos ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas noong Hulyo 4, 1946, na naka-iskedyul ayon sa Tyding-McDuffie Act at Artikulo XVIII ng <a href="/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_Pilipinas" title="Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas">1935 Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alinsunod sa Batas ng Tydings – McDuffie, naglabas si Pangulong Harry S. Truman ng Proklamasyon 2695 ng Hulyo 4, 1946 na opisyal na kinikilala ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas. Sa parehong araw, nilagdaan ang Kasunduan sa Maynila. </p><p>Gayunpaman, ang ekonomiya ay nanatiling nakasalalay sa Estados Unidos.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bilang isang paunang kondisyon para sa pagtanggap ng mga gawad para sa rehabilitasyon ng giyera mula sa Estados Unidos, sumang-ayon ang Pilipinas sa <a href="/wiki/Bell_Trade_Act" title="Bell Trade Act">Bell Trade Act</a>, kung hindi man kilala bilang Philippine Trade Act. Pinagbigyan nito ang mga mas kanais-nais na taripa sa kalakalan ng US at naipon ang piso sa dolyar ng US.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_Probisyon">Mga Probisyon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Probisyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mga Probisyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tinalikuran ng Kasunduan sa Maynila ang pagmamay-ari ng US ng Pilipinas at kinilala ang Republika ng Pilipinas. Naglalaman ito ng maraming probisyon na nagtatag ngunit nililimitahan din ang buong soberanya ng Pilipinas. </p><p>Naglalaman ang kasunduan ng maraming pangunahing mga probisyon: </p> <ul><li><i>Ang pagkilala ng kapangyarihan:</i> Ang Estados Unidos kinikilala ang <a href="/wiki/Kasarinlan" title="Kasarinlan">pagsasarili</a> ng Republika ng Pilipinas at kinikilala ang kontrol ng pamahalaan sa pamamagitan ng ang na Filipino mga tao.</li> <li><i>Base militar sa pagpapanatili:</i> Ang Estados Unidos mananatili base militar at mga kaugnay na mga ari-arian at ang karapatan upang humingi ng "mutuwal proteksyon ng Estados Unidos ng Amerika at ng Republika ng Pilipinas" bilang sumang-ayon sa pamamagitan ng ang pamahalaan ng Pilipinas.</li> <li><i>Diplomatikong representasyon:</i> Ang Estados Unidos ay maaaring magbigay ng pansamantalang diplomatikong representasyon sa ngalan ng Pilipinas kapag ito ay hiniling sa pamamagitan ng kanyang pamahalaan at sumang-ayon sa pamamagitan ng Estados Unidos.</li> <li><i>Pansamantalang panghukuman impluwensiya:</i> mga Pagpapasya sa lahat ng mga kaso na nakabinbin bago ang US kataas-Taasang Hukuman bago ang pagsasarili tungkol sa pamahalaan ng Pilipinas at ang mga tao ay magkakabisa. Walang mga bagong mga kaso na nagmula sa Pilipinas ay maaaring isampa sa US kataas-Taasang Hukuman.</li> <li><i>Pagsunod sa lahat ng mga patuloy na mga obligasyon sa US at ang Kasunduan sa Paris (1898)</i>: Ang Pilipinas ay nagkaroon upang sumunod sa anumang patuloy na obligasyon ng na kasunduan, na kasama ang:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Kalayaan ng relihiyon para sa lahat ng Pilipino</li> <li>Karapatan ng mga espanyol sa mga mamamayan sa Pilipinas upang lumitaw bago ang hukuman at makatanggap ng pantay na paggamot sa harap ng batas</li> <li>Pinapanatili ang bisa ng mga espanyol sa mga patent at copyright</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_limitasyon">Mga limitasyon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga limitasyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Mga limitasyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noong Hulyo 4, 1946, nilagdaan ng mga kinatawan ng Estados Unidos ng Amerika at ng <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Republika ng Pilipinas</a> ang Kasunduan sa Pangkalahatang Relasyon sa pagitan ng dalawang pamahalaan. Ang kasunduan ay inilaan para sa pagkilala sa kalayaan ng Republika ng Pilipinas noong Hulyo 4, 1946, at ang pagtanggal ng soberanya ng Amerika sa mga Pulo ng Pilipinas. </p><p>Gayunpaman, bago pahintulutan ang kasunduan noong 1946, isang lihim na kasunduan ang nilagdaan sa pagitan ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas na si Osmena at ng Pangulo ng Estados Unidos na si Truman. "Sinuportahan ni Pangulong Osmena ang" mga karapatan ng US sa mga base sa kanyang bansa sa pamamagitan ng pagsuporta sa kanila sa publiko at sa pamamagitan ng pag-sign ng isang lihim na kasunduan. " Nagtapos iyon sa Kasunduan sa Mga Base ng Militar, na nilagdaan at isinumite para sa pag-apruba ng Senado ng Pilipinas ng kahalili ni Osmena, si Pangulong <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a>. </p><p>Sa kadahilanang iyon, "pinanatili ng US ang dose-dosenang mga base militar, kabilang ang ilang pangunahing mga. Bilang karagdagan, ang kalayaan ay kwalipikado sa pamamagitan ng batas na ipinasa ng <a href="/wiki/Kongreso_ng_Estados_Unidos" title="Kongreso ng Estados Unidos">Kongreso ng Estados Unidos</a>. Halimbawa, ang <a href="/wiki/Bell_Trade_Act" title="Bell Trade Act">Bell Trade Act</a> ay nagbigay ng isang mekanismo kung saan maaaring maitatag ang mga quota ng pag-import ng US sa mga artikulo ng Pilipinas na "darating, o malamang na dumating, sa malaking kumpetisyon sa mga katulad na artikulo ng produkto ng Estados Unidos." Kinakailangan din nito ang mga mamamayan at korporasyon ng Estados Unidos na bigyan ng pantay na pag-access sa mga mineral ng Amerika, kagubatan, at iba pang likas na yaman. Sa mga pagdinig sa harap ng Senate Committee on Finance, inilarawan ni Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs na si William L. Clayton ang batas na "malinaw na hindi naaayon sa pangunahing patakaran ng pang-ekonomiyang dayuhan ng bansang ito" at "malinaw na hindi naaayon sa aming pangako na bigyan ang Pilipinas ng tunay na kalayaan." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ang_Tugon_ng_Pamahalaang_Pilipino_sa_Kasunduan_ng_Mga_Batas_Militar_ng_Estados_Unidos_at_Pilipinas_noong_1947">Ang Tugon ng Pamahalaang Pilipino sa Kasunduan ng Mga Batas Militar ng Estados Unidos at Pilipinas noong 1947</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ang Tugon ng Pamahalaang Pilipino sa Kasunduan ng Mga Batas Militar ng Estados Unidos at Pilipinas noong 1947" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ang Tugon ng Pamahalaang Pilipino sa Kasunduan ng Mga Batas Militar ng Estados Unidos at Pilipinas noong 1947"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sa kabila ng mga hindi pagkakapare-pareho na ito, walang pagtutol si Roxas sa karamihan ng kasunduang kasunduan ng mga base militar ng EUA na iminungkahi ng EUA noong 1947. Narito ang ilan sa mga hinihiling na inaprubahan ni Roxas. </p> <ol><li>Ang Estados Unidos ay kukuha ng mga base militar sa 99 taon (Artikulo 29)</li> <li>Sakupin ng Clark Air Base ang 130,000 ektarya, ang Olongapo City ay isasama sa Subic Naval Base, at ang mga lugar na nakapalibot sa mga base ay nasa ilalim ng awtoridad ng US (Artikulo 3)</li> <li>Ang Estados Unidos ay magkakaroon ng access sa mga pampublikong kagamitan at iba pang mga pasilidad sa ilalim ng parehong kundisyon tulad ng sandatahang lakas ng Pilipinas (Artikulo 7)</li> <li>Humihiling ang Pilipinas ng pag-apruba ng EUA bago bigyan ng mga karapatan sa base sa mga ikatlong bansa (Artikulo 25)</li></ol> <p>Gayunman, mayroong dalawang pagkakataon na kahit si Roxas ay "nadama sa pulitika na hindi matanggap ang posisyon ng US". Una, iminungkahi ng US na magkaroon ng sarili nitong malakihang pasilidad ng militar sa Maynila kahit na makikialam ito sa paglaki ng lunsod pati na rin humantong sa "seryosong alitan sa pagitan ng mga sundalo ng US at mga lokal na mamamayan" dahil sa mapang-akit na kapaligiran sa digmaan. Ang mga tauhan ng militar ng Estados Unidos na nakabase sa Maynila ay madaling kapitan ng pagtatalo sa mga lokal at sa gayon ang pagkakaroon ng malawak na base militar ng US ay magpapalala lamang ng poot. Pangalawa, hinihingi ng US ang hurisdiksyon ng kriminal sa lahat ng mga kasapi ng mga base militar ng EUA sa Pilipinas "anuman ang biktima at kung ang pagkakasala ay nakagawa sa o fuera de la base O fuera de servicio," na mahalagang isang " muling pagkabuhay ng Extraterritorialidad. " </p><p>Tiningnan ng Kagawaran ng Estado ng Estados Unidos ang mga pagtutol ng Pilipinas na makatwiran at hinimok ang Kagawaran ng Digmaan at Navy na muling isaalang-alang ang labis na kahilingan. Matapos ang isang buwan na negosasyon, ang US ay naghahanap lamang ng mga pantubig at base aerea sa Pilipinas, na tinanggal ang pangangailangan para sa konstruksyon ng pasilidad sa Maynila. Pinuri ni Roxas ang EUA sa desisyon nitong muling isaalang-alang at sinabi na "sa bawat pangunahing bagay, ang mahahalagang interes ng Estados Unidos at ng Pilipinas ay 'magkapareho.'" </p><p>Noong Marso 17, isinumite ni Roxas ang Kasunduan sa Mga Base ng Militar sa Senado ng Pilipinas para sa pag-apruba. Sinabi ni Senador Tomas Confesor na ang mga base militar ay "itinatag dito ng Estados Unidos, hindi gaanong para sa kapakinabangan ng Pilipinas kundi para sa kanilang sarili." Binalaan niya ang kanyang mga kapwa senador, "Nasa loob kami ng orbit ng pagpapalawak ng emperyo ng Amerika. Ang imperyalismo ay hindi raw patay. " </p><p>Ang Kasunduan sa Mga Base ng Militar ay inaprubahan ng Senado ng Pilipinas noong Marso 26, 1947, kasama ang lahat ng labing walong senador na pumabor. Tatlong senador ang hindi dumalo sa sesyon bilang protesta, at tatlo pa ang pinagbawalan ng mga paratang ng pandaraya ng botante. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_Sanggunian">Mga Sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Mga Sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bevans-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bevans_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">11 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaties_and_Other_International_Agreements_of_the_United_States_of_America_1776%E2%80%931949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776–1949 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bevans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-ph-ust000011-0003.pdf">3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1297&dat=18991103&id=jNAwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WooDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5546,3586431&hl=en">"The Philippines: As viewed by President McKinley's Special Commissioners"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <b>7</b> (2214). Fredericksburg, Va. November 3, 1899.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Chapter XI: The First Philippine Commission</i>, in Worcester, Dean Conant (1914). <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12077" class="extiw" title="gutenberg:12077">"The Philippines: Past and Present (vol. 1 of 2)"</a>. Macmillan. Retrieved January 21, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schurman_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schurman Commission (hindi pa naisusulat)">Golay 1997</a>, pp. 49–50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecorpusjuris.com/constitutions/philippine-autonomy-act.php">Philippine Autonomy Act (Jones Law)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZaide1994">Zaide 1994</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFZaide1994 (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Castro, Christi-Anne, Associate Professor University of Michigan (April 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uaZnkbiJbbYC&pg=PA204"><i>Musical Renderings of the Philippine Nation</i></a>. U.S.: Oxford University Press. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-19-974640-8" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-19-974640-8">978-0-19-974640-8</a>. Retrieved July 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)#CITEREFBrands1992" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">Brands 1992</a>, pp. 158–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">MacArthur General Staff (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/ch01.htm">"The Japanese Offensive in the Philippines"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424214657/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/ch01.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2021-04-24 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/index.htm#contents"><i>Report of General MacArthur: The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific Volume I</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212181053/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/index.htm#contents">Naka-arkibo</a> 2009-02-12 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. GEN <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Keith_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Keith Johnson (hindi pa naisusulat)">Harold Keith Johnson</a>, BG Harold Nelson, Douglas MacArthur. United States Army. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/66-60005">66-60005</a>. Retrieved March 24, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060822045537/http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html">"Philippine History"</a>. DLSU-Manila. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines#CITEREFWeir1998" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Weir 1998</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines#CITEREFDolan1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Dolan 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/tl/tl012375.htm">"Balitang Beterano: Facts about Philippine Independence"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609104852/http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/tl/tl012375.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2012-06-09 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Philippine Headline News Online. Feb 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">United States. Dept. of State; Charles Irving Bevans (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yc8WAAAAYAAJ"><i>Treaties and other international agreements of the United States of America, 1776–1949</i></a>. Dept. of State; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yc8WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA475&lpg=PA473">473–476</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliograpiya">Bibliograpiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Bibliograpiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliograpiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrands1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._W._Brands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. W. Brands (hindi pa naisusulat)">Brands, Henry William</a> (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VryhDTRVClcC"><i>Bound to empire: the United States and the Philippines</i></a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-19-507104-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-19-507104-7"><bdi>978-0-19-507104-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bound+to+empire%3A+the+United+States+and+the+Philippines&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507104-7&rft.aulast=Brands&rft.aufirst=Henry+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVryhDTRVClcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKasunduan+ng+Maynila+%281946%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Citation" title="Padron:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/49072561">questia.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090623073819/http://www.questia.com/read/49072561">Naka-arkibo</a> 2009-06-23 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDolan1991" class="citation cs2">Dolan, Ronald E, pat. (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/philippines/23.htm">"Economic Relations with the United States"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/philippines/"><i>Philippines: A Country Study</i></a>, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">, nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Disyembre 28,</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Economic+Relations+with+the+United+States&rft.btitle=Philippines%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=GPO+for+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fphilippines%2F23.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKasunduan+ng+Maynila+%281946%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Citation" title="Padron:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGolay1997" class="citation book cs1">Golay, Frank H. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=up5KPgAACAAJ"><i>Face of empire: United States-Philippine relations, 1898–1946</i></a>. Ateneo de Manila University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-971-550-254-2" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-971-550-254-2"><bdi>978-971-550-254-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Face+of+empire%3A+United+States-Philippine+relations%2C+1898%E2%80%931946&rft.pub=Ateneo+de+Manila+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-971-550-254-2&rft.aulast=Golay&rft.aufirst=Frank+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dup5KPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKasunduan+ng+Maynila+%281946%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWeir1998" class="citation cs2">Weir, Fraser (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/fw5.html">"American Colony and Philippine Commonwealth 1901–1941"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/"><i>A Centennial History of Philippine Independence, 1898–1998</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Disyembre 28,</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=American+Colony+and+Philippine+Commonwealth+1901%E2%80%931941&rft.btitle=A+Centennial+History+of+Philippine+Independence%2C+1898%E2%80%931998&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=Fraser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ualberta.ca%2F~vmitchel%2Ffw5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKasunduan+ng+Maynila+%281946%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Citation" title="Padron:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_panlabas_na_link">Mga panlabas na link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga panlabas na link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Mga panlabas na link"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%207/v7.pdf"><i>TREATY OF GENERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES. SIGNED AT MANILA, ON 4 JULY 1946</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">, nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Hunyo 12,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TREATY+OF+GENERAL+RELATIONS+BETWEEN+THE+UNITED+STATES+OF+AMERICA+AND+THE+REPUBLIC+OF+THE+PHILIPPINES.+SIGNED+AT+MANILA%2C+ON+4+JULY+1946&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2Fdoc%2FPublication%2FUNTS%2FVolume%25207%2Fv7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKasunduan+ng+Maynila+%281946%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Citation" title="Padron:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&oldid=2059892">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasunduan_ng_Maynila_(1946)&oldid=2059892</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Kasaysayan_ng_Pilipinas_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="Kategorya:Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (1898–1946)">Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (1898–1946)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Kasunduan" title="Kategorya:Kasunduan">Kasunduan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Kasaysayan_ng_Maynila" title="Kategorya:Kasaysayan ng Maynila">Kasaysayan ng Maynila</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Mga nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Kategorya:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_with_unreviewed_translations" title="Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations">Pages with unreviewed translations</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 23:16, 21 Disyembre 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. 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