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Davies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mastered_by_John_R._T._Davies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mosaic_Records_Box_Sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mosaic_Records_Box_Sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Mosaic Records Box Sets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mosaic_Records_Box_Sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronological_Classics_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronological_Classics_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Chronological Classics Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronological_Classics_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LP_Compilations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LP_Compilations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>LP Compilations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LP_Compilations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_arranger_for_Benny_Goodman_Orchestra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_arranger_for_Benny_Goodman_Orchestra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>As arranger for Benny Goodman Orchestra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_arranger_for_Benny_Goodman_Orchestra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fletcher Henderson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="فليتشير هندرسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فليتشير هندرسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="فلیچیر هندرسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فلیچیر هندرسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A7%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Φλέτσερ Χέντερσον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φλέτσερ Χέντερσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%B2%98_%ED%97%A8%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A8" title="플레처 헨더슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플레처 헨더슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פלטשר הנדרסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלטשר הנדרסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="فليتشير هندرسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فليتشير هندرسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="フレッチャー・ヘンダーソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレッチャー・ヘンダーソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хендерсон, Флетчер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хендерсон, Флетчер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fletcher Henderson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American jazz pianist and bandleader (1897–1952)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Fletcher Henderson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fletcher_Henderson_(1943_publicity_photo).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Fletcher_Henderson_%281943_publicity_photo%29.jpg/220px-Fletcher_Henderson_%281943_publicity_photo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Fletcher_Henderson_%281943_publicity_photo%29.jpg/330px-Fletcher_Henderson_%281943_publicity_photo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Fletcher_Henderson_%281943_publicity_photo%29.jpg/440px-Fletcher_Henderson_%281943_publicity_photo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1646" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Henderson in 1943</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">James Fletcher Hamilton Henderson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">"Smack" Henderson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1897-12-18</span>)</span>December 18, 1897<br /><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert,_Georgia" title="Cuthbert, Georgia">Cuthbert, Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 29, 1952<span style="display:none">(1952-12-29)</span> (aged 55)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Musician</li><li>arranger</li><li>bandleader</li><li>composer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument</th><td class="infobox-data note">Piano</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1921–1950</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>James Fletcher Hamilton Henderson</b> (December 18, 1897 – December 29, 1952)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American pianist, bandleader, arranger and composer, important in the development of <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swing_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (genre)">swing music</a>. He was one of the most prolific black musical arrangers and, along with <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>, is considered one of the most influential arrangers and bandleaders in jazz history. Henderson's influence was vast. He helped bridge the gap between the <a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a> and the swing eras. He was often known as "Smack" Henderson (because of smacking sounds he made with his lips).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_family_and_education"><span id="Early_life.2C_family_and_education"></span>Early life, family and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, family and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fletcher_Henderson_House;_Cuthbert,_GA_(NRHP).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fletcher_Henderson_House%3B_Cuthbert%2C_GA_%28NRHP%29.JPG/220px-Fletcher_Henderson_House%3B_Cuthbert%2C_GA_%28NRHP%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fletcher_Henderson_House%3B_Cuthbert%2C_GA_%28NRHP%29.JPG/330px-Fletcher_Henderson_House%3B_Cuthbert%2C_GA_%28NRHP%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fletcher_Henderson_House%3B_Cuthbert%2C_GA_%28NRHP%29.JPG/440px-Fletcher_Henderson_House%3B_Cuthbert%2C_GA_%28NRHP%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4498" data-file-height="3372" /></a><figcaption>Built by his father in 1888, the <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson_House" title="Fletcher Henderson House">Fletcher Henderson House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert,_Georgia" title="Cuthbert, Georgia">Cuthbert, Georgia</a>, where Henderson was born in 1897. The house was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Randolph_County,_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Randolph County, Georgia">National Register of Historic Places</a> on June 17, 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>James Fletcher Hamilton Henderson was born in <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert,_Georgia" title="Cuthbert, Georgia">Cuthbert, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised in a middle-class <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> family. His father, Fletcher Hamilton Henderson (1857–1943), was the principal of the nearby Howard Normal Randolph School from 1880 until 1942. <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson_House" title="Fletcher Henderson House">Their home</a> is a historic site.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henderson's mother, a teacher, taught him and his brother <a href="/wiki/Horace_Henderson" title="Horace Henderson">Horace</a> to play the piano. He began lessons by age six. His father would occasionally lock Fletcher in his room to practice for hours.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By age 13, Henderson possessed a keen ability to read music and sense pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He pursued the studies with his mother and further engaged himself in lessons on European art.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although a talented musician, Henderson initially dedicated himself to mathematics and science. At age 18, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and changed his name to Fletcher Henderson, giving up James, his grandfather's name.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Clark_Atlanta_University" title="Clark Atlanta University">Atlanta University</a><sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (where he was a member of the fraternity <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha" title="Alpha Phi Alpha">Alpha Phi Alpha</a>) and graduated in 1920 with a bachelor's degree in chemistry and mathematics.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduation, Henderson moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> with the intention of attending <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> for a master's degree in chemistry. However, there is no evidence that he actually enrolled. He did land a part-time job as a lab assistant in a downtown <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> chemistry firm, but this only lasted a year.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In New York City, Henderson shared an apartment with a pianist who worked as a musician in a <a href="/wiki/Riverboat" title="Riverboat">riverboat</a> orchestra. When his roommate was too sick to perform, Henderson substituted, and this soon led to a job as a full-time replacement. In late 1920, he found work as a song demonstrator with the Pace and Handy Music Co.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henderson now found that music would be more profitable than chemistry and left his job as a laboratory chemist to begin a life in music. When <a href="/wiki/Harry_Pace" title="Harry Pace">Harry Pace</a> left the company to start <a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Records" title="Black Swan Records">Black Swan Records</a>, he took Henderson with him to be musical director, a job which lasted from 1921 until 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1920 to 1923, he primarily played piano accompaniment for blues singers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henderson toured with the Black Swan Troubadours featuring <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Waters" title="Ethel Waters">Ethel Waters</a> from October 1921 to July 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After hearing cornetist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> (then around 20 years old) in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> while on tour in April 1922, Henderson sent him an offer, but Armstrong refused because Henderson would not hire <a href="/wiki/Zutty_Singleton" title="Zutty Singleton">Zutty Singleton</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henderson's activities up to the end of 1923 were mainly recording dates for Black Swan and other labels.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His band at this point was only a pick-up unit for recordings, not a regular working band. In January 1924, the recording band became the house band at the Club Alabam at 216 W. 44th St.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite many erroneous publications indicating otherwise, this 1924 band was Henderson's first working band.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FletcherHendersonOrchestra1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/FletcherHendersonOrchestra1925.jpg/220px-FletcherHendersonOrchestra1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/FletcherHendersonOrchestra1925.jpg/330px-FletcherHendersonOrchestra1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/FletcherHendersonOrchestra1925.jpg/440px-FletcherHendersonOrchestra1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>Henderson (middle) with his orchestra in 1925. <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins" title="Coleman Hawkins">Coleman Hawkins</a> is sitting on the floor to the extreme left with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> above him to the right. <a href="/wiki/Don_Redman" title="Don Redman">Don Redman</a> is at the extreme right.</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 1924, the band began a brief engagement at the <a href="/wiki/Roseland_Ballroom" title="Roseland Ballroom">Roseland Ballroom</a>. Although only meant to stay for a few months,<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the band was brought back for the autumn season. Henderson called on Armstrong for a second time to join the band. On October 13, 1924, history was made when Henderson's band began their re-engagement at Roseland, with Armstrong now in the orchestra. The band quickly became known as the best African American band in New York. By late 1924, the arrangements by <a href="/wiki/Don_Redman" title="Don Redman">Don Redman</a> were featuring more solo work.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Redman arranged Armstrong's repertoire with the <a href="/wiki/King_Oliver%27s_Creole_Jazz_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band">King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band</a>, such as turning "Dippermouth Blues" into "Sugar Foot Stomp".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armstrong played in the band for only a year,<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because he could not grow accustomed to the arrangements and to the "pretension" of the other band members.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henderson's band boasted the formidable arranging talents of Don Redman.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Redman's departure from the band in 1927, Henderson took on some of the arranging, but <a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a> was Redman's replacement as saxophone player and arranger from 1930 to 1931, and Henderson also bought scores from freelance musicians (including John Nesbitt from <a href="/wiki/McKinney%27s_Cotton_Pickers" title="McKinney's Cotton Pickers">McKinney's Cotton Pickers</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henderson developed his arranging skills from 1931 to the mid-1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-AMG_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMG-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His band around 1925 included Armstrong, Howard Scott, <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins" title="Coleman Hawkins">Coleman Hawkins</a> (who started with Henderson in 1923, playing the tuba parts on a bass saxophone, and quickly moving to tenor saxophone and a leading solo role), <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Dixon_(musician)" title="Charlie Dixon (musician)">Charlie Dixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Marshall" title="Kaiser Marshall">Kaiser Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buster_Bailey" title="Buster Bailey">Buster Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Chambers" title="Elmer Chambers">Elmer Chambers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Green_(musician)" title="Charlie Green (musician)">Charlie Green</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Escudero" title="Ralph Escudero">Ralph Escudero</a>. In 1925, with Henry Troy, he wrote "<a href="/wiki/Gin_House_Blues" title="Gin House Blues">Gin House Blues</a>", recorded by <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a>, among others. His other compositions include "<a href="/wiki/Soft_Winds" title="Soft Winds">Soft Winds</a>". Henderson recorded extensively in the 1920s for nearly every label, including <a href="/wiki/Vocalion_Records" title="Vocalion Records">Vocalion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Records" title="Paramount Records">Paramount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajax_Records_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajax Records (Quebec)">Ajax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Records" title="Pathé Records">Pathé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perfect_Records" title="Perfect Records">Perfect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edison_Records" title="Edison Records">Edison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emerson_Records" title="Emerson Records">Emerson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Records" title="Brunswick Records">Brunswick</a>, and the dime-store labels <a href="/wiki/Banner_Records" title="Banner Records">Banner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriole_Records_(U.S.)" title="Oriole Records (U.S.)">Oriole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regal_Records_(1921)" title="Regal Records (1921)">Regal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameo_Records" title="Cameo Records">Cameo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romeo_Records" title="Romeo Records">Romeo</a>. From 1925 to 1930, he recorded primarily for Columbia and Brunswick/Vocalion under his own name and a series of acoustic recordings as the Dixie Stompers for <a href="/wiki/Harmony_Records" title="Harmony Records">Harmony Records</a> and associated dime-store labels (<a href="/wiki/Diva_Records" title="Diva Records">Diva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Velvet_Tone_Records" title="Velvet Tone Records">Velvet Tone</a>). Besides playing at the Roseland, Henderson played at the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Ballroom" title="Savoy Ballroom">Savoy Ballroom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>, playing until 3:30 in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1930s, he recorded for Columbia, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Records_(1930s_label)" title="Crown Records (1930s label)">Crown</a> (as "Connie's Inn Orchestra"), <a href="/wiki/ARC_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="ARC Records">ARC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melotone_Records_(US)" title="Melotone Records (US)">Melotone</a>, Perfect, Oriole, Vocalion), <a href="/wiki/Bluebird_Records" title="Bluebird Records">Bluebird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Records">Victor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a>. Starting in the early 1920s, he recorded popular hits and jazz tunes. In 1924, he and his band recorded 80 sides. His version of the pop tune "I Can't Get the One I Want", recorded about June 19, 1924, was issued on at least 23 labels. </p><p>In addition to Armstrong, lead trumpeters included <a href="/wiki/Red_Allen" title="Red Allen">Henry "Red" Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Smith_(musician)" title="Joe Smith (musician)">Joe Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rex_Stewart" title="Rex Stewart">Rex Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Ladnier" title="Tommy Ladnier">Tommy Ladnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doc_Cheatham" title="Doc Cheatham">Doc Cheatham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Eldridge" title="Roy Eldridge">Roy Eldridge</a>. Lead saxophonists included <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins" title="Coleman Hawkins">Coleman Hawkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buster_Bailey" title="Buster Bailey">Buster Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chu_Berry" title="Chu Berry">Chu Berry</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Ra" title="Sun Ra">Sun Ra</a> also worked as an arranger during the 1940s, during Henderson's engagement at the <a href="/wiki/Club_DeLisa" title="Club DeLisa">Club DeLisa</a> in Chicago. Other jazz musicians who also played with Henderson included trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Cootie_Williams" title="Cootie Williams">Cootie Williams</a> and trombonist <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morton" title="Benny Morton">Benny Morton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Henderson's band was popular, he had little success in managing it and was still little-known outside of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His lack of recognition outside of Harlem had to do more with the times in which he lived, apparently lackluster management, and the hard times that resulted after the 1929 stock market crash. Henderson had a knack for finding talent, but he did not have much luck keeping it.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On many occasions he lost talented members to other bandleaders. He also had trouble with finances. When the band split up in 1934, he was forced to sell some of his popular arrangements to <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> to keep them together.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After about 1931, his own arrangements became influential. In addition to arrangements for his band, he wrote arrangements for <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Hill" title="Teddy Hill">Teddy Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isham_Jones" title="Isham Jones">Isham Jones</a> and Benny Goodman. His shoulder was injured in an auto accident in 1928. His wife, Leora, blamed the accident for his diminishing success.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She said that <a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(record_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hammond (record producer)">John Hammond</a> and Goodman bought Henderson's arrangements to support him, that Goodman always gave Henderson credit for the arrangements and said that he played them better than his own. In addition, Goodman and Hammond organized broadcasts and recordings to help Henderson when he was ill.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benny_Goodman">Benny Goodman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Benny Goodman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1935, Goodman's Orchestra was selected as a house band for the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> radio program <i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Dance_(radio)" title="Let's Dance (radio)">Let's Dance</a></i>. Since Goodman needed new charts every week for the show, his brother-in-law John Hammond suggested that he purchase some from Henderson.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of Goodman's hits from the <a href="/wiki/Swing_era" title="Swing era">swing era</a> were played by Henderson and his own band in the late 1920s and early 1930s, usually as head arrangements, which he transcribed from his own records and then sold to Goodman. However, his brother <a href="/wiki/Horace_Henderson" title="Horace Henderson">Horace Henderson</a> recounted that the clarinetist made heavy demands on Henderson for fresh charts when his band was engaged for the <i>Let's Dance</i> show in 1934–1935, and that he himself helped his brother complete some of them.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The singer <a href="/wiki/Helen_Ward_(singer)" title="Helen Ward (singer)">Helen Ward</a> also stated that Henderson was delighted to hear the Goodman Orchestra realize his creations with such impeccable musicianship. </p><p>In 1939, Henderson disbanded his band and joined Goodman's,<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first as pianist and arranger and then working full-time as staff arranger.<sup id="cite_ref-AMG_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMG-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henderson re-formed bands of his own several times in the 1940s and toured with <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Waters" title="Ethel Waters">Ethel Waters</a> again in 1948 and 1949. </p><p>Henderson suffered a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> in 1950,<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in partial paralysis that ended his career as a pianist.<sup id="cite_ref-AMG_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMG-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in New York City in 1952, 11 days after his 55th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contributions">Contributions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henderson, along with Don Redman, established the formula for <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two broke the band into sections (sax section, trumpet section, etc.). These sections worked together to create a unique sound. Sometimes, the sections would play in <a href="/wiki/Call-and-response" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-and-response">call-and-response</a> style, and at other times one section would play supporting riffs behind the other.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henderson was also responsible for bringing <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> from Chicago to New York City in October 1924, thus flipping the focal point of jazz in the history of the United States (although Armstrong left the band in November 1925 and returned to Chicago).<sup id="cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also played a key role in bringing improvisatory jazz styles from <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> and other areas of the country to New York, where they merged with a dance-band tradition that relied heavily on arrangements written out in musical notation.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henderson created a band that was capable of playing dance music and complex arrangements. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Metcalf" title="Louis Metcalf">Louis Metcalf</a> said: "The sight of Fletcher Henderson's men playing behind music stands brought on a learning-to-read-music kick in Harlem which hadn't cared before it. There were two years of real concentration. Everybody greeted you with 'How's studying?<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A museum was established in Henderson's memory in his native Cuthbert, Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CD_Compilations">CD Compilations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: CD Compilations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mastered_by_John_R._T._Davies">Mastered by <a href="/wiki/John_R._T._Davies" title="John R. T. Davies">John R. T. Davies</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mastered by John R. T. Davies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1924–1925 <i>The Complete Louis Armstrong With Fletcher Henderson 1924–1925</i> (Forte F 38001/2/3)</li> <li>1925–1929 <i>Fletcher Henderson 1925–29</i> (JSP Records 311) [Columbia singles]</li> <li>1925–1926 <i>The Harmony & Vocalion Sessions Volume 1 1925–1926</i> (Timeless Records CBC 1-064)</li> <li>1927–1928 <i>The Harmony & Vocalion Sessions Volume 1 1927–1928</i> (Timeless Records CBC 1-069)</li> <li>1931–1933 <i>Yeah Man!</i> (Hep Records CD 1016)</li> <li>1934 <i>Wild Party!</i> (Hep Records CD 1009)</li> <li>1924–1937 <i>Wrappin' It Up</i> (Marshall Cavendish, Jazz Greats CD 031)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mosaic_Records_Box_Sets"><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Records" title="Mosaic Records">Mosaic Records</a> Box Sets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mosaic Records Box Sets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1923–1934 <i>Classic Coleman Hawkins Sessions 1922-1947</i> (MD8-251) [Contains 59 performances by Fletcher Henderson and His Orchestra under various pseudonyms]</li> <li>1936–7 <i>Classic Chu Berry Columbia And Victor Sessions</i> (MD7-236) [Contains 24 performances by Fletcher Henderson and His Orchestra]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chronological_Classics_Series"><a href="/wiki/Chronological_Classics" title="Chronological Classics">Chronological Classics Series</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chronological Classics Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1921–23 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #794)</li> <li>1923–00 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #697)</li> <li>1923–24 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #683)</li> <li>1924–01 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #673)</li> <li>1924–02 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #657)</li> <li>1924–03 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #647)</li> <li>1924–25 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #633)</li> <li>1925–26 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #610)</li> <li>1926–27 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #597)</li> <li>1927–00 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #580)</li> <li>1927–31 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #572)</li> <li>1931–00 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #555)</li> <li>1931–32 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #546)</li> <li>1932–34 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #535)</li> <li>1934–37 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #527)</li> <li>1937–38 <i>- The Chronological F H & His Orchestra</i> (Classics #519)</li> <li>1941 <i>- The Chronological Horace Henderson 1940/F H & His Orchestra 1941</i> (Classics #648)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1924–1925 <i>Do That Thing</i> (Frog, DGF87) [pre-electric recordings for Vocalion and Pathé]</li> <li>1927–1936 <i>The Indispensable Fletcher Henderson</i> (RCA, Jazz Tribune – N° 30) [Victor recordings]</li> <li>1931–1934 <i>Tidal Wave (The Original Decca Recordings)</i>, <a href="/wiki/GRP_Records" title="GRP Records">GRP</a>, 1994</li> <li><i>Ken Burns Jazz: Fletcher Henderson</i>, <a href="/wiki/Legacy_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Legacy Records">Columbia/Legacy</a>, 2000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LP_Compilations">LP Compilations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: LP Compilations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Frustration" class="mw-redirect" title="A Study in Frustration">A Study in Frustration</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a>, 1961 [4-LP box set]</li> <li><i>Hocus Pocus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bluebird_Records" title="Bluebird Records">Bluebird Records</a>, 1992</li> <li><i>First Impressions 1924–1931 Vol. 1</i>, <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a> Jazz Heritage Series, DL 9227</li> <li><i>Swing's the Thing 1931–1934 Vol. 2</i>, Decca Jazz Heritage Series, DL 79228</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_arranger_for_Benny_Goodman_Orchestra">As arranger for Benny Goodman Orchestra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: As arranger for Benny Goodman Orchestra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Sing, Sing, Sing</i> (1992) (<a href="/wiki/Bluebird_Records" title="Bluebird Records">Bluebird</a>/RCA)</li> <li><i>The Harry James Years, Vol. 1</i> (1993) (Bluebird/RCA)</li> <li><i>The Best of the Big Bands</i> [under Goodman's name] (1933–1946/1989) (Columbia)</li> <li><i>Genius of the Electric Guitar</i> (Recorded under Goodman sextet's name, released under Charlie Christian's name) (1939–1941/1990) (Columbia)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCohassey1996" class="citation web cs1">Cohassey, John (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Fletcher_Henderson.aspx">"Fletcher Henderson"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Fletcher+Henderson&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Cohassey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FFletcher_Henderson.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMancuso1996" class="citation book cs1">Mancuso, Chuck (1996). <i>Popular Music and the Underground: Foundations of Jazz, Blues, Country & Rock 1900 – 1950</i>. Durham Companies Publishing. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8403-9088-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8403-9088-2"><bdi>0-8403-9088-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Music+and+the+Underground%3A+Foundations+of+Jazz%2C+Blues%2C+Country+%26+Rock+1900+%E2%80%93+1950&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Durham+Companies+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8403-9088-2&rft.aulast=Mancuso&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeddings" class="citation web cs1">Meddings, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doctorjazz.co.uk/draftcards4.html#banddcfhhj">"WWI Draft Registration Cards 4"</a>. <i>Doctorjazz.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Doctorjazz.co.uk&rft.atitle=WWI+Draft+Registration+Cards+4&rft.aulast=Meddings&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doctorjazz.co.uk%2Fdraftcards4.html%23banddcfhhj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LarkinJazz-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LarkinJazz_4-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_Larkin1992" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Larkin_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin Larkin (writer)">Colin Larkin</a>, ed. (1992). "Fletcher Henderson". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Popular_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Popular Music">The Guinness Who's Who of Jazz</a></i> (First ed.). <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Publishing">Guinness Publishing</a>. p. 198/9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85112-580-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85112-580-8"><bdi>0-85112-580-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fletcher+Henderson&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Who%27s+Who+of+Jazz&rft.pages=198%2F9&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Guinness+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-85112-580-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vanishinggeorgia.com/2019/10/06/fletcher-henderson-house-1888-cuthbert/">"Fletcher Henderson House, 1888, Cuthbert"</a>. <i>Vanishing Georgia</i>. National Register of Historic Places. October 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vanishing+Georgia&rft.atitle=Fletcher+Henderson+House%2C+1888%2C+Cuthbert&rft.date=2019-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvanishinggeorgia.com%2F2019%2F10%2F06%2Ffletcher-henderson-house-1888-cuthbert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrothers2014" class="citation book cs1">Brothers, Thomas (2014). <i>Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism</i>. New York City: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06582-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06582-4"><bdi>978-0-393-06582-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+Armstrong%3A+Master+of+Modernism&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06582-4&rft.aulast=Brothers&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_henderson_fletcher.htm">"Fletcher Henderson, in <i>Jazz</i> (film by Ken Burns), Selected Artist Biography"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS.org&rft.atitle=Fletcher+Henderson%2C+in+Jazz+%28film+by+Ken+Burns%29%2C+Selected+Artist+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fjazz%2Fbiography%2Fartist_id_henderson_fletcher.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/261165">Fletcher Henderson</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1973" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Walter (1973). <i>Hendersonia</i> (2 ed.). Jazz Monographs. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hendersonia&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Jazz+Monographs&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brothers (2014), p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen (1973), pp. 10–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brothers (2014), p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1973" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Walter (1973). <i>Hendersonia</i> (2nd ed.). Highland Park, New Jersey: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_C._Allen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter C. Allen (page does not exist)">Walter C. Allen</a>. pp. 76–84. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000GQRLT6">B000GQRLT6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hendersonia&rft.place=Highland+Park%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=76-84&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Walter+C.+Allen&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000GQRLT6%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrothers2014" class="citation book cs1">Brothers, Thomas (2014). <i>Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism</i>. New York City: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06582-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06582-4"><bdi>978-0-393-06582-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+Armstrong%3A+Master+of+Modernism&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06582-4&rft.aulast=Brothers&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brothers (2014), pp. 122–23, 141–42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen (1973), pp. 112–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_henderson_fletcher.htm">"Fletcher Henderson, in <i>Jazz</i> (film by Ken Burns), Selected Artist Biography"</a>. <i>PBS.org</i>. September 25, 1934<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS.org&rft.atitle=Fletcher+Henderson%2C+in+Jazz+%28film+by+Ken+Burns%29%2C+Selected+Artist+Biography&rft.date=1934-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fjazz%2Fbiography%2Fartist_id_henderson_fletcher.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMG-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMG_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanow,_Scott1952" class="citation web cs1">Yanow, Scott (December 29, 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fletcher-henderson-mn0000152490/biography">"Fletcher Henderson Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fletcher+Henderson+Biography&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.date=1952-12-29&rft.au=Yanow%2C+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Ffletcher-henderson-mn0000152490%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallen2003" class="citation book cs1">Kallen, Stuart A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/historyofjazz0000kall"><i>The History of Jazz</i></a>. San Diego: Lucent Books. pp. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59018-125-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59018-125-6"><bdi>978-1-59018-125-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Jazz&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pages=44-45&rft.pub=Lucent+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-59018-125-6&rft.aulast=Kallen&rft.aufirst=Stuart+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjazz0000kall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gottlieb" title="Robert Gottlieb">Gottlieb, Robert</a> (ed.), <i>Reading Jazz: A Gathering of Autobiography, Reportage, and Criticism from 1919 to Now</i>, Pantheon Books, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirestone1993" class="citation book cs1">Firestone, Ross (1993). <i>Swing, Swing, Swing: The Life and Times of Benny Goodman</i>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393311686" title="Special:BookSources/9780393311686"><bdi>9780393311686</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swing%2C+Swing%2C+Swing%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Benny+Goodman&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780393311686&rft.aulast=Firestone&rft.aufirst=Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/musician.php?id=7571#.ULXIVYfhpMs">"Fletcher Henderson"</a>. <i>Musicians.allaboutjazz.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Musicians.allaboutjazz.com&rft.atitle=Fletcher+Henderson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusicians.allaboutjazz.com%2Fmusician.php%3Fid%3D7571%23.ULXIVYfhpMs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magee, Jeffrey (2000). "Before Louis: When Fletcher Henderson Was the 'Paul Whiteman of the Race'". <i>American Music</i> 18.4: 391–425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025063649/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/entity.php?id=10466">"Jazz Near You –"</a>. <i>Allaboutjazz.com</i>. March 17, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/entity.php?id=10466">the original</a> on October 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allaboutjazz.com&rft.atitle=Jazz+Near+You+%E2%80%93&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutjazz.com%2Fphp%2Fentity.php%3Fid%3D10466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFletcher+Henderson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Walter C. Allen, <i>Hendersonia – The Music of Fletcher Henderson and his Musicians – a Bio-Discography</i> (1973)</li> <li>Jeffrey Magee, <i>The Uncrowned King of Swing: Fletcher Henderson and Big Band Jazz</i> (2004)</li> <li>Margery Dews, "Remembering: The Remarkable Henderson Family"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunther_Schuller" title="Gunther Schuller">Gunther Schuller</a>, <i>The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 1930–1945</i> (The History of Jazz, Vol. 2) (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yanow" title="Scott Yanow">Scott Yanow</a>, <i>Swing: Third Ear – The Essential Listening Companion</i> (2000)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syncopatedtimes.com/profiles-in-jazz-fletcher-henderson/">Fletcher Henderson</a>. Profiles in Jazz by Scott Yanow</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syncopatedtimes.com/fletcher-henderson-1897-1952/">"Fletcher Henderson 1897–1952"</a>. Red Hot Jazz Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1787">Fletcher Henderson</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/103284">Fletcher Henderson recordings</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Discography_of_American_Historical_Recordings" title="Discography of American Historical Recordings">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505559#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505559#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505559#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073576175">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42025439">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/78320/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvmHyFTqCvpJdCHDFjV4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128879793">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81097889">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13895127b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13895127b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Henderson, Fletcher"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/LO1V266626">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35341354">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002158397&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1287777">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p097913626">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f47d1c94-c3e3-4c84-a42a-6c33e0032839">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/103284">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/918258">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/128879793">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/115121145">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10568926">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66t0n35">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&oldid=1256691213">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Henderson&oldid=1256691213</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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