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}) })(jQuery); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-842 single-format-standard header-image full-width-content genesis-breadcrumbs-visible"><div class="site-container"><header class="site-header"><div class="wrap"><div class="title-area"><p class="site-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/" title="Thermo Fisher Scientific">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a></p><p class="site-description">Electron and cryo-electron microscopy stories and solutions about the advancement of cellular and structural biology</p></div><div class="widget-area header-widget-area"><section id="block-5" class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"></div></div> </div></section> <section id="block-6" class="widget widget_block"><div class="widget-wrap"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"></div></div> </div></section> </div><div class="breadcrumb"><span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/?">Accelerating Science</a></span><span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a class="breadcrumb-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/"><span class="breadcrumb-link-text-wrap">Life in Atomic Resolution</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a class="breadcrumb-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/customer-spotlights/"><span class="breadcrumb-link-text-wrap">Customer Spotlights</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-current-title">Quentin Martinez: Investigating Olfaction in Mammalian Evolution with Amira-Avizo Software</span></div></div></header> <section class="hero-banner" style="background-image:url(https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/Social-image-DudeMouse-1600.png)"> </section> <div class="site-inner"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="post-842 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-customer-spotlights category-general category-software tag-amira-software tag-amira-avizo-software tag-software entry" aria-label="Quentin Martinez: Investigating Olfaction in Mammalian Evolution with Amira-Avizo Software"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">Quentin Martinez: Investigating Olfaction in Mammalian Evolution with Amira-Avizo Software</h1> <span class="post-info-author"> By <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/author/sbaillet/" title="Posts by Séverine Baillet" rel="author">Séverine Baillet</a> </span> <span class="post-info-date"> 09.27.2022 </span> </header><div class="entry-content"><h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Amira-Avizo Software sheds light on mammalian evolution</strong></h2> <p>Anatomy can often tell the story of an animal’s evolution. High-resolution visualization of anatomical structures requires high-quality imaging as well as robust 3D reconstruction software. By combining X-ray microtomography (microCT) with <a href="https://ter.li/3vygcu">Thermo Scientific Amira-Avizo Software</a>, Quentin Martinez, PhD, was able to produce novel insights into the evolution of amphibious mammals via olfaction.</p> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Convergent evolution</strong></h2> <p>Convergent evolution describes the development of physically and/or functionally identical traits in otherwise genetically unrelated organisms. The most widely known examples are likely found in mammalian evolution (i.e., bats, dolphins, platypuses, etc.) but it occurs regularly across all areas of life, appearing in plants, fungi, animals, and even prokaryotic organisms like bacteria. Function is regularly derived from environmental stressors, leading not just to specialization, but also to a decrease in the prominence of less-essential features.</p> <div id="attachment_843" style="width: 1440px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-843" class="wp-image-843 size-full" title="Studying mammalian evolution through olfaction in mice" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-1.jpg" alt="Studying mammalian evolution through olfaction in mice" width="1430" height="223" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-1.jpg 1430w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-1-300x47.jpg 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-1-1024x160.jpg 1024w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-1-768x120.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1430px) 100vw, 1430px" /><p id="caption-attachment-843" class="wp-caption-text">X-ray microtomography combined with Thermo Scientific Amira-Avizo Software identifies the olfactory organs in the skull of a mouse (red: olfactory bulb; yellow: olfactory turbinal; green: vomeronasal organ).</p></div> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Olfaction in mammalian evolution</strong></h2> <p>Olfaction is a key component of mammalian evolution and is involved in food detection, mating, and predator avoidance. The vomeronasal organ and the olfactory turbinals are two major olfactory organs that are involved in the detection of pheromones and general odors. The olfactory bulb centralizes sensory information from these two olfactory organs.</p> <div id="attachment_845" style="width: 1141px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-845" class="size-full wp-image-845" title="Olfactory turbinals in amphibious and terrestrial mammals" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-2.jpg" alt="Olfactory turbinals in amphibious and terrestrial mammals" width="1131" height="440" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-2.jpg 1131w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-2-300x117.jpg 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-2-1024x398.jpg 1024w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-2-768x299.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1131px) 100vw, 1131px" /><p id="caption-attachment-845" class="wp-caption-text">Olfactory turbinals in amphibious and terrestrial mammals.</p></div> <p>While smell is seen as essential for many mammals, amphibious mammals are hypothesized to have reduced olfactory capacities compared to their terrestrial relatives. This is thought to be true across most amphibious mammals despite the fact that mammals independently colonized aquatic environments at least thirty times. There have been very few studies properly investigating the convergent evolution of reduced olfactory capacity in amphibious mammals.</p> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Dr. Quentin Martinez on using Amira-Avizo Software in the investigation of mammalian evolution </strong></h2> <p><a href="https://quentinmartinez.fr/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignright size-full wp-image-855" title="Dr. Quentin Martinez" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-4.jpg" alt="Dr. Quentin Martinez" width="395" height="330" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-4.jpg 395w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-4-300x251.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px" />Quentin Martinez, PhD</a>, is a post-doctoral researcher at the State Museum of Natural History in Stuttgart (SMNS), Germany and completed his doctoral research at the Institut des Sciences de l´Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM). He specializes in the evolution of olfaction and thermoregulation in vertebrates, with a particular focus on the morpho-anatomical aspects of olfactory structures. Using Amira-Avizo Software and microCT, he is able to shed light on the evolution of olfactory organs in amphibious mammals.</p> <p>“To understand the evolution of olfaction in amphibious mammals, I scan skulls or heads of museum specimens, sometimes collected more than a hundred years ago. This method allows me to access internal structures such as olfactory organs without damaging the museum specimens. I use Amira-Avizo Software to visualize, segment and quantify the olfactory organs.”</p> <p>“We demonstrated that amphibious mammals have reduced olfactory turbinals in comparison to their close terrestrial relatives. Therefore, these amphibious species have potentially reduced olfactory capacities. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917836117">We also demonstrated that this pattern is highly convergent</a>.”</p> <div id="attachment_865" style="width: 1468px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-865" class="size-full wp-image-865" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-5.jpg" alt="Amira-Avizo Software used to visualize the olfactory organs of amphibious mammals. " width="1458" height="905" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-5.jpg 1458w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-5-300x186.jpg 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-5-1024x636.jpg 1024w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-5-768x477.jpg 768w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2022/09/montpel-5-320x200.jpg 320w" sizes="(max-width: 1458px) 100vw, 1458px" /><p id="caption-attachment-865" class="wp-caption-text">Amira-Avizo Software used to visualize the olfactory organs of amphibious mammals.</p></div> <p>“Amira-Avizo Software has a very intuitive display control that allows me to change brightness and contrast to visualize hard and soft tissues. The brush tool with masking options allows me to accurately segment thin and complex structures such as turbinal bones. Finally, the generating surface has several smoothing and transparency options that give me the possibility to do great anatomical plates.”</p> <p>“Personally what I like about this software is the friendly design that helps you quickly understand how the main tools work, similar to photo or digital editing software. For example, when I teach Amira-Avizo Software to my students they very quickly become fully autonomous on the software.”</p> <p><em>Learn more about <a href="https://ter.li/3vygcu">Amira-Avizo Software</a> >></em></p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>The author acknowledges l‘Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Défi des autres savoirs, Grants DS10, ANR-17-CE02-0005 RHINOGRAD 2017, Pierre-Henri Fabre), Synthesis of Systematic Resources (SYNTHESYS, financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action, Grants GB-TAF-5737, GB-TAF-6945, and GB-TAF-1316 to the National History Museum London – NHM UK), and the Alexander von Humboldt foundation that funded this research.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Martinez, Q., J. Clavel, J. A. Esselstyn, A. S. Achmadi, C. Grohé, N. Pirot, and P.-H. Fabre. (2020). Convergent evolution of olfactory and thermoregulatory capacities in small amphibious mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 8958-8965.</p> <p>//</p> <p><em>This blog was written in collaboration between Séverine Baillet, PhD, a project manager at Thermo Fisher Scientific and Alex Ilitchev, PhD, a lead scientific editor at Thermo Fisher Scientific.</em></p>  <div class="jp-relatedposts"> <div class="related-post related-1"> <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/investigating-ocean-microeukaryotes/"><img width="310" height="274" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2024/11/Dive-into-Discovery-Blog-Header_1920x450-310x274.jpg" class="attachment-grid size-grid wp-post-image" alt="Dive-into-Discovery-Blog-Header_1920x450" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /></a> <span class="grid-content"> <h4 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/atomic-resolution/investigating-ocean-microeukaryotes/">Investigating the ocean’s micro-eukaryotic life</a></h4> <p>The importance of 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