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vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Becoming_the_heir-presumptive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Becoming the heir-presumptive</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Becoming_the_heir-presumptive-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Becoming the heir-presumptive subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Becoming_the_heir-presumptive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Danish_succession_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Danish_succession_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The Danish succession crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Danish_succession_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appointment_as_an_heir-presumptive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment_as_an_heir-presumptive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Appointment as an heir-presumptive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment_as_an_heir-presumptive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Early reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Accession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Schleswig_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Schleswig_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second Schleswig War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Schleswig_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constitutional_struggle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_struggle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Constitutional struggle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_struggle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Last years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Death and succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Father-in-Law_of_Europe"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Father-in-Law_of_Europe""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>"Father-in-Law of Europe"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Father-in-Law_of_Europe"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles,_styles,_honours,_and_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles,_styles,_honours,_and_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Titles, styles, honours, and arms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Titles,_styles,_honours,_and_arms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Titles, styles, honours, and arms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Titles,_styles,_honours,_and_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Titles_and_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles_and_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Titles and styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles_and_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian IX of Denmark</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_IX_van_Denemarke" title="Christiaan IX van Denemarke – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Christiaan IX van Denemarke" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX_D%C4%93na_Cyning" title="Christian IX Dēna Cyning – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Christian IX Dēna Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83" title="كريستيان التاسع ملك الدنمارك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريستيان التاسع ملك الدنمارك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristi%C3%A1n_IX_de_Dinamarca" title="Cristián IX de Dinamarca – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cristián IX de Dinamarca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX_Kristian_(Danimarka_kral%C4%B1)" title="IX Kristian (Danimarka kralı) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="IX Kristian (Danimarka kralı)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9)" title="دوققوزونجو کریستیان (دانمارک) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوققوزونجو کریستیان (دانمارک)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD_IX" title="Крысціян IX – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крысціян IX" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_IX" title="Кристиан IX – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кристиан IX" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristijan_IX,_kralj_Danske" title="Kristijan IX, kralj Danske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kristijan IX, kralj Danske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX" title="Christian IX – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Christian IX" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristi%C3%A0_IX" title="Cristià IX – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristià IX" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi%C3%A1n_IX." title="Kristián IX. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kristián IX." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_9." title="Christian 9. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Christian 9." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX." title="Christian IX. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christian IX." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX" title="Christian IX – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Christian IX" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%98%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Χριστιανός Θ΄ της Δανίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χριστιανός Θ΄ της Δανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristi%C3%A1n_IX_de_Dinamarca" title="Cristián IX de Dinamarca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristián IX de Dinamarca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristiano_la_9-a_(Danio)" title="Kristiano la 9-a (Danio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristiano la 9-a (Danio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_IX.a_Danimarkakoa" title="Kristian IX.a Danimarkakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristian IX.a Danimarkakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85" title="کریستیان نهم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کریستیان نهم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX" title="Christian IX – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christian IX" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristi%C3%A1n_IX_de_Dinamarca" title="Cristián IX de Dinamarca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cristián IX de Dinamarca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%88_9%EC%84%B8" title="크리스티안 9세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리스티안 9세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6_IX" title="Քրիստիան IX – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրիստիան IX" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristijan_IX." title="Kristijan IX. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kristijan IX." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_la_9ma_di_Dania" title="Christian la 9ma di Dania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Christian la 9ma di Dania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX_dari_Denmark" title="Christian IX dari Denmark – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Christian IX dari Denmark" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristj%C3%A1n_9." title="Kristján 9. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kristján 9." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_IX_di_Danimarca" title="Cristiano IX di Danimarca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristiano IX di Danimarca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="כריסטיאן התשיעי, מלך דנמרק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כריסטיאן התשיעי, מלך דנמרק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_IX" title="კრისტიან IX – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრისტიან IX" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="IX Кристиан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="IX Кристиан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianus_IX_(rex_Daniae)" title="Christianus IX (rex Daniae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christianus IX (rex Daniae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristijonas_IX" title="Kristijonas IX – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kristijonas IX" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX._Kereszt%C3%A9ly_d%C3%A1n_kir%C3%A1ly" title="IX. Keresztély dán király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IX. Keresztély dán király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_IX_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Кристијан IX Дански – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кристијан IX Дански" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83" title="كريستيان التاسع ملك الدنمارك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كريستيان التاسع ملك الدنمارك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX_dari_Denmark" title="Christian IX dari Denmark – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Christian IX dari Denmark" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_IX_van_Denemarken" title="Christiaan IX van Denemarken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christiaan IX van Denemarken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B39%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E7%8E%8B)" title="クリスチャン9世 (デンマーク王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリスチャン9世 (デンマーク王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX._(Denemark)" title="Christian IX. (Denemark) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Christian IX. (Denemark)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX_av_Danmark" title="Christian IX av Danmark – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Christian IX av Danmark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_IX_av_Danmark" title="Kristian IX av Danmark – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kristian IX av Danmark" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrystian_IX" title="Chrystian IX – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chrystian IX" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_IX_da_Dinamarca" title="Cristiano IX da Dinamarca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristiano IX da Dinamarca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_IX" title="Kristian IX – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kristian IX" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_al_IX-lea_al_Danemarcei" title="Christian al IX-lea al Danemarcei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Christian al IX-lea al Danemarcei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_IX" title="Кристиан IX – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кристиан IX" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX_o_Denmark" title="Christian IX o Denmark – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Christian IX o Denmark" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Christian IX of Denmark – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christian IX of Denmark" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi%C3%A1n_IX." title="Kristián IX. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kristián IX." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristijan_IX._Danski" title="Kristijan IX. Danski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kristijan IX. Danski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_IX_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Кристијан IX Дански – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристијан IX Дански" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_IX" title="Kristian IX – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kristian IX" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_IX_av_Danmark" title="Kristian IX av Danmark – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kristian IX av Danmark" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_9_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="พระเจ้าคริสเตียนที่ 9 แห่งเดนมาร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าคริสเตียนที่ 9 แห่งเดนมาร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX._Christian" title="IX. Christian – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IX. Christian" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_IX" title="Кристіан IX – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кристіан IX" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C4%90an_M%E1%BA%A1ch" title="Christian IX của Đan Mạch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Christian IX của Đan Mạch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="基斯頓九世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基斯頓九世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="克里斯蒂安九世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克里斯蒂安九世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q151305#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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title="Christian IX">Christian IX</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of Denmark from 1863 to 1906</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Christian IX</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_IX_of_Denmark_color_altered.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Christian_IX_of_Denmark_color_altered.jpg/220px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark_color_altered.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Christian_IX_of_Denmark_color_altered.jpg/330px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark_color_altered.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Christian_IX_of_Denmark_color_altered.jpg/440px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark_color_altered.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1246" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Christian IX, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900–06</span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Denmark">King of Denmark</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Danish_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Style of the Danish sovereign">more...</a>) </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 1863 – <span class="nowrap">29 January 1906</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dukes_of_Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dukes of Schleswig">Duke of Schleswig</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_dukes_of_Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dukes of Holstein">Holstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lauenburg" title="Duke of Lauenburg">Lauenburg</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 1863 – 30 October 1864</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick X & II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1864)" title="Treaty of Vienna (1864)">Lost to Prussia and Austria</a></i></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1818-04-08</span>)</span>8 April 1818<br /><a href="/wiki/Gottorf_Castle" title="Gottorf Castle">Gottorf Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schleswig,_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 January 1906<span style="display:none">(1906-01-29)</span> (aged 87)<br /><a href="/wiki/Amalienborg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalienborg Palace">Amalienborg Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">15 February 1906<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Roskilde Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="26 May 1842">1842</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="29 September 1898">1898</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Issue">Detail</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederik VIII, King of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I,_King_of_the_Hellenes" class="mw-redirect" title="George I, King of the Hellenes">George I, King of the Hellenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)">Maria Feodorovna, Empress of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Thyra_of_Denmark" title="Princess Thyra of Denmark">Thyra, Crown Princess of Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Valdemar_of_Denmark" title="Prince Valdemar of Denmark">Prince Valdemar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Caroline_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_IX_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian IX's signature"><img alt="Christian IX's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Christian_IX_of_Denmark.svg/125px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Christian_IX_of_Denmark.svg/188px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Christian_IX_of_Denmark.svg/250px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="139" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christian IX</b> (8 April 1818 – 29 January 1906) was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">King of Denmark</a> from 15 November 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was concurrently <a href="/wiki/List_of_dukes_of_Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dukes of Schleswig">Duke of Schleswig</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_dukes_of_Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dukes of Holstein">Holstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Saxe-Lauenburg">Lauenburg</a>. </p><p>A younger son of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a>, Christian grew up in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a> as a prince of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a>, a junior branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a> which had ruled Denmark since 1448. Although having close family ties to the <a href="/wiki/Danish_royal_family" title="Danish royal family">Danish royal family</a>, he was originally not in the immediate line of <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Danish_throne" title="Succession to the Danish throne">succession to the Danish throne</a>. Following the early death of his father in 1831, Christian grew up in Denmark and was educated at the Military Academy of <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. After unsuccessfully seeking the hand of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom</a> in marriage, he married his double second cousin, <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a>, in 1842. </p><p>In 1852, Christian was chosen as heir-presumptive to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Danish throne</a> in light of the expected extinction of the senior line of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>. Upon the death of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII of Denmark</a> in 1863, Christian (who was Frederick's second cousin and husband of Frederick's paternal first cousin, Louise of Hesse-Kassel) acceded to the throne as the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">Danish monarch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">House of Glücksburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The beginning of his reign was marked by the Danish defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a> and the subsequent loss of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg which made the king immensely unpopular. The following years of his reign were dominated by political disputes, for Denmark had only become a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> in 1849 and the balance of power between the sovereign and parliament was still in dispute. In spite of his initial unpopularity and the many years of political strife, in which the king was in conflict with large parts of the population, his popularity recovered towards the end of his reign, and he became a national icon due to the length of his reign and the high standards of personal morality with which he was identified. </p><p>Christian's six children with Louise married into other European royal families, earning him the <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquet</a> "the <a href="/wiki/Father-in-law_of_Europe" title="Father-in-law of Europe">father-in-law of Europe</a>". Among his descendants are King <a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe of Belgium</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald V of Norway">Harald V of Norway</a>, Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri of Luxembourg</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> of the United Kingdom, and King <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe VI of Spain">Felipe VI of Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_family">Birth and family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg">Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gottorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gottorf.jpg/220px-Gottorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gottorf.jpg/330px-Gottorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gottorf.jpg/440px-Gottorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Prince Christian's birthplace <a href="/wiki/Gottorf_Castle" title="Gottorf Castle">Gottorf Castle</a> in Schleswig-Holstein, seat of the royal governors of the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a> (2007)</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>Christian IX was born between 10 and 11 a.m. on 8 April 1818 at the residence of his maternal grandparents, <a href="/wiki/Gottorf_Castle" title="Gottorf Castle">Gottorf Castle</a>, near the town of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig,_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a>, at the time a <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> under the Crown of Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-kongeligedaab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kongeligedaab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born as a prince of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a>, he was the fourth son of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Caroline_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke280_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke280-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named after his mother's cousin <a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark</a>, the later King Christian VIII, who was also his <a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">godfather</a>. Together with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Amalie_of_Augustenborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline Amalie of Augustenborg">Caroline Amalie of Augustenborg</a>, he had traveled from <a href="/wiki/Augustenborg,_Denmark" title="Augustenborg, Denmark">Augustenborg</a> to Gottorp so that he could hold his godson at the christening, which was held at the end of May in the chapel of Gottorp Castle.<sup id="cite_ref-kongeligedaab_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kongeligedaab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prins_Vilhelm_1785-1831.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Prins_Vilhelm_1785-1831.jpg/170px-Prins_Vilhelm_1785-1831.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Prins_Vilhelm_1785-1831.jpg/255px-Prins_Vilhelm_1785-1831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Prins_Vilhelm_1785-1831.jpg/340px-Prins_Vilhelm_1785-1831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2796" data-file-height="3534" /></a><figcaption>Prince Christian's father <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a>, from 1825 <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Duke of Glücksburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prince Christian's father was the head of the ducal house of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a>, a junior male branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>. The family descended from King <a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III of Denmark</a>'s younger son, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Younger,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg" class="mw-redirect" title="John the Younger, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg">John the Younger, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg</a>, whose grandson <a href="/wiki/August_Philipp,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Duke August Philipp</a> severed his ties with Denmark and emigrated to Germany where he acquired the <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manor</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haus_Beck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haus Beck (page does not exist)">Haus Beck</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>, after which the lineage was named Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen199250_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen199250-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sons and their descendants went into <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> service, until his great-great-grandson, Prince Christian's father, again went into Danish military service, where he was stationed in Holstein.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen199263_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen199263-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was there that he had met and married Prince Christian's mother, who was a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel">Landgrave Charles of Hesse</a>, an originally German prince, who, however, had grown up at the Danish court and had married <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">King Frederick V</a>'s youngest daughter, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Denmark_(1750%E2%80%931831)" title="Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831)">Princess Louise of Denmark</a>. Prince Charles had made a career in Denmark, where he was a Danish <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Royal Governor</a> of the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen199248_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen199248-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through his father, Prince Christian was thus a direct male-line descendant of King <a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III of Denmark</a> and an (albeit junior) <a href="/wiki/Agnatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic">agnatic</a> descendant of <a href="/wiki/Hedvig_of_Holstein" title="Hedvig of Holstein">Hedvig of Holstein</a> (countess of Oldenburg), mother of King <a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I of Denmark</a>, who was the "Semi-Salic" heiress of her brother <a href="/wiki/Adolf_of_Schauenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf of Schauenburg">Adolf of Schauenburg</a>, last Schauenburg duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein. As such, Prince Christian was eligible to succeed in the twin duchies of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, but not first in line. Through his mother, he was thus a great-grandson of Frederick V, great-great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II of Great Britain</a> and a descendant of several other monarchs, but had no direct claim to any European throne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyksborg_slot_9-7-2005_nr_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lyksborg_slot_9-7-2005_nr_2.jpg/220px-Lyksborg_slot_9-7-2005_nr_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lyksborg_slot_9-7-2005_nr_2.jpg/330px-Lyksborg_slot_9-7-2005_nr_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lyksborg_slot_9-7-2005_nr_2.jpg/440px-Lyksborg_slot_9-7-2005_nr_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1562" data-file-height="1094" /></a><figcaption>Prince Christian's childhood home, <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BCcksburg_Castle" title="Glücksburg Castle">Glücksburg Castle</a> in Schleswig-Holstein, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">eponymous ducal branches</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a> (2005).</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, the young prince grew up with his parents and many brothers and sisters at his maternal grandparents' residence at <a href="/wiki/Gottorf_Castle" title="Gottorf Castle">Gottorf Castle</a>, the habitual seat of the royal governors of the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a>. However, in 1824, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karoline_af_Nassau-Saarbr%C3%BCcken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Karoline af Nassau-Saarbrücken (page does not exist)">dowager duchess of Glücksburg</a>, widow of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Henry_William,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Henry William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (page does not exist)">Frederick Henry William</a>, the last duke of the <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg_(elder_line)" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (elder line)">elder line of the house Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Glücksburg</a>, who had himself died in 1779, died. <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BCcksburg_Castle" title="Glücksburg Castle">Glücksburg Castle</a>, located a little south of <a href="/wiki/Flensburg_Fjord" class="mw-redirect" title="Flensburg Fjord">Flensburg Fjord</a>, not far from city of <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a>, was now empty, and on 6 June 1825, Duke Friedrich Wilhelm was appointed Duke of <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a> by his brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">King Frederick VI of Denmark</a>. Duke Friedrich Wilhelm subsequently changed his title to Duke of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a> and thus founded <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">the younger Glücksburg</a> line.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen199278-82_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen199278-82-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Subsequently, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BCcksburg_Castle" title="Glücksburg Castle">Glücksburg Castle</a>, where Prince Christian was <a href="/wiki/Child_raising" class="mw-redirect" title="Child raising">raised</a> with his siblings under their father's supervision. The Duke wrote to a friend: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I raise my sons with rigor, that these may learn to obey, without, however, failing to make them available to the requirements and demands of the present.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> However, Duke Friedrich Wilhelm died of a cold that had developed into pneumonia at the age of just 46 on 17 February 1831 and, at the Duke's own discretion, scarlet fever, which had previously affected two of his children. His death left the duchess widowed with ten children and no money. Prince Christian was twelve years old when his father died. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederik_VI_and_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Frederik_VI_and_family.jpg/170px-Frederik_VI_and_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Frederik_VI_and_family.jpg/255px-Frederik_VI_and_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Frederik_VI_and_family.jpg/340px-Frederik_VI_and_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4506" data-file-height="5249" /></a><figcaption>Prince Christian's surrogate father, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI of Denmark</a>, whose queen <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Marie of Hesse-Kassel">Marie of Hesse-Kassel</a> was his aunt and the two princesses his cousins.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the early death of his father, King Frederick VI, together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld_(1786-1834)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1786-1834) (page does not exist)">Prince William of Hesse-Philippstal-Barchfeld</a>, a close friend of the Duke, became <a href="/wiki/Legal_guardian" title="Legal guardian">legal guardians</a> of Prince Christian and his nine siblings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, Prince Christian wanted to be educated as a <a href="/wiki/Naval_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval officer">naval officer</a>, but during King Frederick VI's visit to Gottorp in 1831, shortly after Duke Wilhelm's funeral, the king agreed with his mother that Prince Christian would be sent to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> to receive an <a href="/wiki/Army_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Army officer">army officer</a> training. Subsequently, in 1832, the year after his father's death, the 14-year-old Prince Christian moved to Copenhagen to be educated at the Land Cadet Academy, where he stayed at the house of Colonel Linde, the head of the Land Cadet Academy. He received private lessons at the academy and was rarely with the other <a href="/wiki/Cadets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadets">cadets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, the sonless royal couple took good care of the boy, as <a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Marie of Hesse-Kassel">Queen Marie</a> was his mother's sister and King Frederick VI his mother's cousin. Also, in 1838, Prince Christian's eldest brother, <a href="/wiki/Karl,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Duke Karl of Glücksborg</a>, married the king and queen's youngest daughter, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Vilhelmine_Marie_of_Denmark" title="Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark">Princess Vilhelmine Marie</a>, which further strengthened the bonds between them. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Det_Gule_Palae_Copenhagen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Det_Gule_Palae_Copenhagen.jpg/220px-Det_Gule_Palae_Copenhagen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Det_Gule_Palae_Copenhagen.jpg/330px-Det_Gule_Palae_Copenhagen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Det_Gule_Palae_Copenhagen.jpg/440px-Det_Gule_Palae_Copenhagen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption>Prince Christian's longtime home, the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Palace,_Copenhagen" title="Yellow Palace, Copenhagen">Yellow Palace</a> in Copenhagen (2006).</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1835, Prince Christian was <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confirmation (Lutheran Church)">confirmed</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Church,_Copenhagen" title="Garrison Church, Copenhagen">Garrison Church</a> in Copenhagen. The following year, after completing his military education, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Rittmeister" class="mw-redirect" title="Rittmeister">rittmeister</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horse_Guards_(Denmark)" title="Royal Horse Guards (Denmark)">Royal Horse Guards</a> and was then housed in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horse_Guards_Barracks_(Copenhagen)" title="Royal Horse Guards Barracks (Copenhagen)">Royal Horse Guards Barracks</a> by <a href="/wiki/Frederiksholms_Kanal" title="Frederiksholms Kanal">Frederiksholms Kanal</a> in central Copenhagen. There he lived under simple conditions until King Frederick VI in 1839 granted him a home in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Palace,_Copenhagen" title="Yellow Palace, Copenhagen">Yellow Palace</a>, an <a href="/wiki/18th-century" class="mw-redirect" title="18th-century">18th-century</a> <a href="/wiki/Town_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Town house">town house</a> at 18 <a href="/wiki/Amaliegade" title="Amaliegade">Amaliegade</a>, immediately adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Amalienborg" title="Amalienborg">Amalienborg</a> Palace complex, the principal residence of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_royal_family" title="Danish royal family">Danish royal family</a> in the district of <a href="/wiki/Frederiksstaden" title="Frederiksstaden">Frederiksstaden</a> in central <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, where he came to live until 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1839 to 1841, Prince Christian studied <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law" title="Constitutional law">constitutional law</a> and history with his half-cousin <a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_William_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel">Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> in Germany. It was there that in December 1839 he received the news of the death of his benefactor King Frederick VI and the accession of his mother's cousin, <a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">King Christian VIII</a>. During the holidays he went on various excursions in Germany and also traveled to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. In 1841 he returned to Copenhagen. On the way home, he paid a visit to the court in Berlin, where he rejected an otherwise flattering offer from King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William IV of Prussia">Frederick William IV of Prussia</a> to join the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-524_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-524-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Becoming_the_heir-presumptive">Becoming the heir-presumptive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Becoming the heir-presumptive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dronning_victoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dronning_victoria.jpg/170px-Dronning_victoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dronning_victoria.jpg/255px-Dronning_victoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dronning_victoria.jpg/340px-Dronning_victoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption>Prince Christian's first marriage prospect, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> of the United Kingdom.</figcaption></figure> <p>As a young man, in 1838, Prince Christian, representing Frederick VI, attended the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Coronation of Queen Victoria">coronation of Queen Victoria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his stay in London, he unsuccessfully sought the hand of the young British queen in marriage. Even though she chose to follow her family's wishes and preferred to marry her cousin, <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, the young queen had a good impression of her third cousin Prince Christian, who 25 years later would become father-in-law to her eldest son, the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Prince of Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992117-118_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992117-118-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_IX_with_his_wife_Louise_Hesse-Kassel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Christian_IX_with_his_wife_Louise_Hesse-Kassel.jpg/220px-Christian_IX_with_his_wife_Louise_Hesse-Kassel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Christian_IX_with_his_wife_Louise_Hesse-Kassel.jpg/330px-Christian_IX_with_his_wife_Louise_Hesse-Kassel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Christian_IX_with_his_wife_Louise_Hesse-Kassel.jpg/440px-Christian_IX_with_his_wife_Louise_Hesse-Kassel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Prince Christian and <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Louise</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Instead, Prince Christian entered into a marriage that was to have great significance for his future. In 1841 he was engaged to his second cousin Princess <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince William of Hesse-Kassel">Prince William of Hesse-Kassel</a>, who was a Danish general and the governor of Copenhagen. Prince William was married to <a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Christian VIII of Denmark</a>'s sister <a href="/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Denmark" title="Princess Charlotte of Denmark">Princess Charlotte of Denmark</a>, and Louise was thus the new king's niece and was closely related to the royal family. Like Prince Christian himself she was a great-granddaughter of both <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V of Denmark</a> and Landgrave <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Hesse-Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel">Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel</a>, and thus his double second cousin. Their wedding was celebrated on 26 May 1842 in her parents' residence in <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII%27s_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick VIII's Palace">Frederick VIII's Palace</a> at <a href="/wiki/Amalienborg" title="Amalienborg">Amalienborg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bride and groom took their <a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">bridal tour</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Duchy of Holstein</a>, where they visited Prince Christian's older brother, <a href="/wiki/Karl,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Duke Karl of Glücksburg</a>, and his wife, Frederick VI's daughter <a href="/wiki/Princess_Vilhelmine_Marie_of_Denmark" title="Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark">Duchess Vilhelmine</a>, who had not been able to attend the wedding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992120_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992120-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Louise was a wise and energetic woman who exercised a strong influence over her husband. After the wedding, the couple moved into the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Palace,_Copenhagen" title="Yellow Palace, Copenhagen">Yellow Palace</a>, where their first five children were born between 1843 and 1853: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Prince Frederick</a> in 1843, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Princess Alexandra</a> in 1844, <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">Prince William</a> in 1845, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)">Princess Dagmar</a> in 1847 and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Thyra_of_Denmark" title="Princess Thyra of Denmark">Princess Thyra</a> in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke69_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke69-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family was still quite unknown and lived a relatively modest life by royal standards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Danish_succession_crisis">The Danish succession crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Danish succession crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Danish_royal_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish royal family tree">Danish royal family tree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig-Holstein Question">Schleswig-Holstein Question</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_VIII_af_Wilhelm_Marstrand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Christian_VIII_af_Wilhelm_Marstrand.jpg/170px-Christian_VIII_af_Wilhelm_Marstrand.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Christian_VIII_af_Wilhelm_Marstrand.jpg/255px-Christian_VIII_af_Wilhelm_Marstrand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Christian_VIII_af_Wilhelm_Marstrand.jpg/340px-Christian_VIII_af_Wilhelm_Marstrand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Louise</a>'s uncle, <a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Christian VIII of Denmark</a>, faced a complex <a href="/wiki/Succession_crisis" title="Succession crisis">succession crisis</a> during his reign.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a>, it became increasingly clear that the Danish monarchy was facing a <a href="/wiki/Succession_crisis" title="Succession crisis">succession crisis</a>. When King Christian VIII succeeded his first cousin King Frederick VI in 1839, the elder male line of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a> was obviously on the point of extinction, as the king's only son and heir-apparent <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Crown Prince Frederick</a> seemed incapable of fathering children and the king's only brother <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Denmark">Prince Ferdinand</a>'s marriage to King Frederick VI's daughter was childless.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997182_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997182-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Frederick VII's childlessness presented a thorny dilemma and the question of succession to the Danish throne proved complex, as the rules of succession in the different parts of the Danish monarchy united under the king's rule, the Kingdom of Denmark proper and the three duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg">Saxe-Lauenburg</a>, not being the same, the possibility of a separation of the crown of Denmark from its duchies became probable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenthøj2014136-37_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenthøj2014136-37-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herzogt%C3%BCmer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Herzogt%C3%BCmer.png/220px-Herzogt%C3%BCmer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Herzogt%C3%BCmer.png/330px-Herzogt%C3%BCmer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Herzogt%C3%BCmer.png/440px-Herzogt%C3%BCmer.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2395" /></a><figcaption>The duchies of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lauenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Lauenburg">Lauenburg</a> before 1864.</figcaption></figure> <p>The succession in the Kingdom of Denmark was regulated by the <i><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Law" title="King's Law">Lex Regia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Kongeloven</i>; <i>Law of The King</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolutist</a> constitution of <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark and Norway</a> promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III</a> in 1665.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the Lex Regia, Denmark had adopted the <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a>, but restricted the succession to the <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatic descent">agnatic descendants</a> of Frederick III, who was the first <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarch</a> of Denmark (before him, the kingdom was officially <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective</a>). Agnatic descent from Frederick III would end with the death of the childless Frederick VII and his equally childless uncle, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Denmark">Prince Ferdinand</a>. At that point, the Lex Regia provided for a <a href="/wiki/Semi-Salic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-Salic">Semi-Salic</a> succession, which stipulated that after the extinction of all-male descendance, including all collateral male lines, a female agnate (such as a daughter) of the last male holder of the property would inherit, and after her, her own male heirs according to the Salic order. There were, however, several ways to interpret to whom the crown could pass, since the provision was not entirely clear as to whether a claimant to the throne could be the closest female relative or not. In the duchy of Holstein, where the king reigned as duke, the rules of succession also followed the Salic law, but did not limit the succession to the agnatic descendants of Frederick III. As there were several junior male lines of the House of Oldenburg, who were however not descendants of Frederick III, there were thus numerous agnatic descendants with succession rights in the Duchy of Holstein, who were however not eligible to succeed to the Danish throne. In addition, the two duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were permanently joined to each other by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ribe" title="Treaty of Ribe">Treaty of Ribe</a> of 1460, which proclaimed that the two duchies should be "Forever Undivided". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SprogforholdSlesvig.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SprogforholdSlesvig.png/220px-SprogforholdSlesvig.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SprogforholdSlesvig.png/330px-SprogforholdSlesvig.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/SprogforholdSlesvig.png/440px-SprogforholdSlesvig.png 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption>The linguistic distribution in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a> around 1840.</figcaption></figure> <p>The already complicated dynastic question of the succession was made even more complex as it took place against a background of equally complicated political issues. The movements of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> and liberalism had been on the rise in Europe since the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a>. Whereas the concepts of nation and <a href="/wiki/Homeland" title="Homeland">homeland</a> increasingly replaced dynastic questions for the nationalists, aristocratic privileges and the concept of an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute ruler</a> of divine right were poorly accepted by the liberals. Denmark and the Duchies were no exception, and the political movement of <a href="/wiki/National_liberalism" title="National liberalism">national liberalism</a> had been on the rise since the <a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a>. While the Danish and German national liberals were united in their liberal political aspirations and in their opposition to the absolutist rule of the House of Oldenburg, the two political movements were heavily opposed in the national question. It mainly concerned the question of the affiliation of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a>. Constitutionally, the Duchy of Schleswig was a Danish <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a>, which had become increasingly independent from Denmark during the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>. <a href="/wiki/Linguistically" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistically">Linguistically</a>, however, Danish, German and <a href="/wiki/North_Frisian_language" title="North Frisian language">North Frisian</a> existed as <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernaculars</a> in different parts of the Duchy, and German functioned as the language of law and the ruling class. </p><p>The Danish national liberals insisted that Schleswig as a fief had belonged to Denmark for centuries and aimed to restore the southern frontier of Denmark on the <a href="/wiki/Eider_(river)" title="Eider (river)">Eider river</a>, the historic border between Schleswig and Holstein. The Danish nationalists thus aspired to incorporate the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom, in the process separating it from the duchy of Holstein, which should be allowed to pursue its own destiny as a member of the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> or possibly a new united Germany. With the claim of the total integration of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom, the Danish national liberals opposed the German national liberals, whose goal was the union of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, their joint independence from Denmark and their membership in the German Confederation as an autonomous German state. The German nationalists thus sought to confirm Schleswig's association with Holstein, in the process detaching Schleswig from Denmark and bringing it into the German Confederation. </p><p>There was burgeoning nationalism within both Denmark and the German-speaking parts of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>. This meant that a resolution to keep the two Duchies together and as a part of the Danish kingdom could not satisfy the conflicting interests of both Danish and German nationalists, and hindered all hopes of a peaceful solution. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_August_af_Augustenborg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christian_August_af_Augustenborg.jpg/170px-Christian_August_af_Augustenborg.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christian_August_af_Augustenborg.jpg/255px-Christian_August_af_Augustenborg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christian_August_af_Augustenborg.jpg/340px-Christian_August_af_Augustenborg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christian_August_II,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretender</a> to the duchies during the succession crisis.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the nations of Europe looked on, the numerous descendants of <a href="/wiki/Hedvig_of_Holstein" title="Hedvig of Holstein">Hedvig of Holstein</a> began to vie for the Danish throne. Frederick VII belonged to the senior branch of Hedvig's descendants. In the event of extinction of the senior branch, the house of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a> would become the most senior branch of the House of Oldenburg, but it did not descend from King Frederick III. However, in the duchies, <a href="/wiki/Christian_August_II,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a>, claimed the position of <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">heir</a> to the throne of the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holstein" title="Holstein">Holstein</a>, being head of the house of Augustenburg, and thus became a symbol of the nationalist German independence movement in Schleswig-Holstein. </p><p>The closest female relatives of Frederick VII were his paternal aunt, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Charlotte_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark">Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark</a>, who had married a scion of the <a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">cadet branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hesse" title="House of Hesse">House of Hesse</a>, and her children. However, they were not agnatic descendants of the royal family, so were not eligible to succeed in Schleswig-Holstein. </p><p>The dynastic female heir reckoned most eligible according to the original law of primogeniture of Frederick III was <a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline of Denmark">Caroline of Denmark</a> (1793–1881), the childless eldest daughter of the late king <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a>. Along with another childless daughter, <a href="/wiki/Vilhelmine_Marie_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark">Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark</a> (1808–1891), Duchess of Glücksburg; the next heir was Louise, sister of Frederick VI, who had married the Duke of Augustenburg. The chief heir to that line was the selfsame <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Schleswig-Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick VIII of Schleswig-Holstein">Frederick of Augustenburg</a>, but his turn would have come only after the death of two childless princesses who were very much alive in 1863. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">House of Glücksburg</a> also held a significant interest in the succession to the throne. A more junior branch of the royal family, they were also descendants of Frederick III through the daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V of Denmark</a>. Lastly, there was yet a more junior agnatic branch that was eligible to succeed in Schleswig-Holstein. There was Christian himself and his three older brothers, the eldest of whom, Karl, was childless, but the others had produced children, and male children at that. </p><p>Prince Christian had been a foster "grandson" of the "grandchildless" royal couple Frederick VI and his Queen consort Marie (Marie Sophie Friederike of Hesse). Familiar with the royal court and the traditions of the recent monarchs, their young ward Prince Christian was a nephew of Queen Marie and a first cousin once removed of Frederick VI. He had been brought up as a Dane, having lived in Danish-speaking lands of the royal dynasty and not having become a German nationalist, which made him a relatively good candidate from the Danish point of view. As junior agnatic descendant, he was eligible to inherit Schleswig-Holstein, but was not the first in line. As a descendant of Frederick III, he was eligible to succeed in Denmark, although here too, he was not first in line. </p> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%">Family of Christian IX of Denmark </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid crimson;vertical-align:text-top;" title="White; Border-width:3px"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:1em;height:1em;background:white; border-width:3px;color:inherit;"> </span></span> – Kings of Denmark<br /><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid red;vertical-align:text-top;" title="White; Border-width:3px"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:1em;height:1em;background:white; border-width:3px;color:inherit;"> </span></span> – Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg<br /><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid tomato;vertical-align:text-top;" title="White; Border-width:3px"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:1em;height:1em;background:white; border-width:3px;color:inherit;"> </span></span> – Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg<br /><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid darkorange;vertical-align:text-top;" title="White; Border-width:3px"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:1em;height:1em;background:white; border-width:3px;color:inherit;"> </span></span> – Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:red"><a href="/wiki/John_II,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg" title="John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg">John II</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:red"><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg" title="Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg">Alexander</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><b><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III of Denmark</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:tomato"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_G%C3%BCnther,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Günther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Ernest Günther</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:darkorange"><a href="/wiki/August_Philipp,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">August Philipp</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">Christian V of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_William_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Prince Frederick William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Prince Frederick William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:darkorange"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Frederick Louis</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark" title="Frederick IV of Denmark">Frederick IV of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:tomato"><a href="/wiki/Christian_August,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Christian August</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:darkorange"><a href="/wiki/Peter_August,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Peter August</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark" title="Christian VI of Denmark">Christian VI of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:tomato"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Christian_I,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Frederick Christian I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Frederick Christian I</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Karl_Anton_August_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:tomato"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Christian_II,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Frederick Christian II</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:darkorange"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Karl_Ludwig,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Friedrich Karl Ludwig</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Christian_VII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VII of Denmark">Christian VII of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Denmark_(1750%E2%80%931831)" title="Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831)">Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831)</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark">Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark</a></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:darkorange"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Friedrich Wilhelm</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Auguste_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark">Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Caroline_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Christian VIII of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Charlotte_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark">Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Denmark" title="Princess Caroline of Denmark">Princess Caroline of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:tomato"><a href="/wiki/Christian_August_II,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Christian August II</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:black">(Prince Christian)<br /><b>CHRISTIAN IX OF DENMARK</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:2px; border-color:crimson"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII of Denmark</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">House of Oldenburg, 1863</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment_as_an_heir-presumptive">Appointment as an heir-presumptive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Appointment as an heir-presumptive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1852)" title="London Protocol (1852)">London Protocol (1852)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Succession_(Denmark)" title="Act of Succession (Denmark)">Act of Succession (Denmark)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Dagmar,_Prince_Vilhelm,_Christian_IX_of_Denmark_and_Princess_Alexandra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Princess_Dagmar%2C_Prince_Vilhelm%2C_Christian_IX_of_Denmark_and_Princess_Alexandra.jpg/170px-Princess_Dagmar%2C_Prince_Vilhelm%2C_Christian_IX_of_Denmark_and_Princess_Alexandra.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Princess_Dagmar%2C_Prince_Vilhelm%2C_Christian_IX_of_Denmark_and_Princess_Alexandra.jpg/255px-Princess_Dagmar%2C_Prince_Vilhelm%2C_Christian_IX_of_Denmark_and_Princess_Alexandra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Princess_Dagmar%2C_Prince_Vilhelm%2C_Christian_IX_of_Denmark_and_Princess_Alexandra.jpg/340px-Princess_Dagmar%2C_Prince_Vilhelm%2C_Christian_IX_of_Denmark_and_Princess_Alexandra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption>Prince Christian as <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> with his children <a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)">Dagmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">William</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra</a> in 1861.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1851, the Russian emperor recommended that Prince Christian advance in the Danish succession. And in 1852, the thorny question of Denmark's succession was finally resolved by the <a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1852)" title="London Protocol (1852)">London Protocol</a> of 8 May 1852, signed by the United Kingdom, France, Russia, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and Austria, and ratified by Denmark and Sweden. Christian was chosen as <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> to the throne after Frederick VII's uncle, and thus would become king after the extinction of the most senior line to the Danish throne. A justification for this choice was his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a>, who as daughter of the closest female relative of Frederick VII was closely related to the royal family. Louise's mother and brother, and elder sister too, renounced their rights in favor of Louise and her husband. Prince Christian's wife was thereafter the closest female heiress of Frederick VII. </p><p>The decision was implemented by the Danish Law of Succession of 31 July 1853—more precisely, the <i>Royal Ordinance settling the Succession to the Crown on Prince Christian of Glücksburg</i> which designated him as second-in-line to the <a href="/wiki/Danish_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish throne">Danish throne</a> following King Frederick VII's uncle. Consequently, Prince Christian and his family were granted the titles of Prince and Princess of Denmark and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">style</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Highness" title="Highness">Highness</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernstorff_Slot_Feb06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bernstorff_Slot_Feb06.jpg/220px-Bernstorff_Slot_Feb06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bernstorff_Slot_Feb06.jpg/330px-Bernstorff_Slot_Feb06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bernstorff_Slot_Feb06.jpg/440px-Bernstorff_Slot_Feb06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernstorff_Palace" title="Bernstorff Palace">Bernstorff Palace</a>, Prince Christian's summer residence as <a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">heir presumptive</a> (<a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>As second-in-line, Prince Christian continued to live in the Yellow Palace with his family. However, as a consequence of their new status, the family were now also granted the right to use <a href="/wiki/Bernstorff_Palace" title="Bernstorff Palace">Bernstorff Palace</a> north of Copenhagen as their summer residence. It became Princess Louise's favorite residence, and the family often stayed there. It was also at Bernstorff that their youngest son, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Valdemar_of_Denmark" title="Prince Valdemar of Denmark">Prince Valdemar</a>, was born in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke69_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke69-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the occasion of Prince Valdemar's <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>, Prince Christian and his family were granted the style of <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a></i>. Although their economy had improved, the financial situation of the family was still relatively strained. </p><p>However, Prince Christian's appointment as successor to the throne was not met with undivided enthusiasm. His relationship with the king was cool, partly because the colorful King Frederick VII did not like the straightforward, military prince, and had preferred to see Christian's eldest son, the young Prince Frederick, take his place, partly because Prince Christian and Princess Louise openly showed their disapproval of the king's <a href="/wiki/Morganatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Morganatic">morganatic</a> third wife, the actress Louise Rasmussen, who received the title <a href="/wiki/Countess_Danner" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Danner">Countess Danner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997182_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997182-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Politically, Prince Christian also had little influence during his tenure as second-in-line. This was partly due to the distrust of the Countess Danner, partly due to Christian's perceived conservatism, which earned him the distrust of the powerful <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Denmark)" title="National Liberal Party (Denmark)">National Liberal Party</a>. It was not before 1856 that the politician <a href="/wiki/Carl_Christoffer_Georg_Andr%C3%A6" title="Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ">Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ</a>, to whom Prince Christian always felt close, secured him a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Denmark)" title="Council of State (Denmark)">Council of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997183_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997183-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The year 1863 became rich in significant events for Prince Christian and his family. On 10 March, his eldest daughter, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Princess Alexandra</a> married the Prince of Wales (the future King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> of the United Kingdom). On 20 March, his second son, Prince William was elected <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Hellenes" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Hellenes">King of the Hellenes</a> and ascended the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Greece" title="Monarchy of Greece">Greek throne</a> taking the name of King George I.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke69_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke69-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And in June 1863, Prince Christian himself became <i>heir-presumptive</i> upon the death of the elderly Prince Ferdinand before eventually becoming King Christian IX on 15 November that year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_reign">Early reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Early reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accession">Accession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Accession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2_rigdalers_Denmark_1863.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2_rigdalers_Denmark_1863.png/220px-2_rigdalers_Denmark_1863.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2_rigdalers_Denmark_1863.png/330px-2_rigdalers_Denmark_1863.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2_rigdalers_Denmark_1863.png/440px-2_rigdalers_Denmark_1863.png 2x" data-file-width="2752" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption>2 <a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">rigsdaler</a> – death of <a href="/wiki/Frederik_VII_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik VII of Denmark">Frederik VII</a> and accession of Christian IX<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>During the last years of the reign of King Frederick VII, his health was increasingly poor, and in the autumn of 1863, during a visit to the <a href="/wiki/Dannevirke" title="Dannevirke">Dannevirke</a> fortification, he contracted a severe cold, which after his return to <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BCcksburg_Castle" title="Glücksburg Castle">Glücksburg Castle</a> turned into <a href="/wiki/Erysipelas" title="Erysipelas">erysipelas</a>. Shortly after, on 15 November, King Frederick VII died unexpectedly at the age of 55 after a sixteen-year reign, thus ending the 415-year reign of the main line of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a> on the Danish throne. Upon the death of Frederick VII, Christian succeeded to the throne at the age of 45. He was proclaimed king from the balcony of <a href="/wiki/Christiansborg_Palace" title="Christiansborg Palace">Christiansborg Palace</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Council_President_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council President (Denmark)">Council President</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Christian_Hall" title="Carl Christian Hall">Carl Christian Hall</a> on 16 November 1863 as Christian IX. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Carl_Magnussen_-_Herzog_Friedrich_VIII_von_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Christian_Carl_Magnussen_-_Herzog_Friedrich_VIII_von_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg/170px-Christian_Carl_Magnussen_-_Herzog_Friedrich_VIII_von_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Christian_Carl_Magnussen_-_Herzog_Friedrich_VIII_von_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg/255px-Christian_Carl_Magnussen_-_Herzog_Friedrich_VIII_von_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Christian_Carl_Magnussen_-_Herzog_Friedrich_VIII_von_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg/340px-Christian_Carl_Magnussen_-_Herzog_Friedrich_VIII_von_Schleswig-Holstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Schleswig_and_Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick VIII of Schleswig and Holstein">Prince Frederick of Augustenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">pretender</a> to the duchies as <i>Frederick VIII</i> (1863).</figcaption></figure> <p>Christian and Denmark was immediately plunged into a crisis over the <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig-Holstein Question">possession and status of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein</a>. Already in November 1863, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Schleswig_and_Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick VIII of Schleswig and Holstein">Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a> (1829–1880) (the future father-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II of Germany">Wilhelm II of Germany</a>) claimed the twin-duchies in <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">succession</a> after King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII</a> and proclaimed himself <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Schleswig-Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick VIII of Schleswig-Holstein">Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein</a>. Frederick of Augustenburg (as he was commonly known) had become the symbol of the nationalist German independence movement in <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> after his father (in exchange for money) renounced his claims as <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of Succession">heir</a> to the throne of the duchies of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holstein" title="Holstein">Holstein</a>. In view of the London protocol of 8 May 1852, which concluded the <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="First War of Schleswig">First War of Schleswig</a>, and his father's concurrent renunciation to claims to the throne, Frederick's claim was not recognized by the parties to the protocol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Schleswig_War">Second Schleswig War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Second Schleswig War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Denmark_and_Germany" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Denmark and Germany">Denmark and Germany</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p>Under pressure, Christian signed the November Constitution, a treaty that made Schleswig part of Denmark. This resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a> between Denmark and a Prussian/Austrian alliance in 1864. The <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1864" title="London Conference of 1864">Peace Conference</a> broke up without having arrived at any conclusion; the outcome of the war was unfavorable to Denmark and led to the incorporation of Schleswig into Prussia in 1865. Holstein was likewise incorporated into Austria in 1865, then Prussia in 1866, following further conflict between Austria and <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>. </p><p>Following the loss, Christian IX went behind the backs of the Danish government to contact the Prussians, offering that the whole of Denmark could join the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a>, if Denmark could stay united with Schleswig and Holstein. This proposal was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a>, who feared that the ethnic strife in Schleswig between Danes and Germans would then stay unresolved. Christian IX's negotiations were not publicly known until published in the 2010 book <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dommedag_Als&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dommedag Als (page does not exist)">Dommedag Als</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Buk-Swienty" title="Tom Buk-Swienty">Tom Buk-Swienty</a>, who had been given access to the royal archives by Queen <a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_reign">Later reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_struggle">Constitutional struggle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Constitutional struggle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_IX_af_Henrik_Olrik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Christian_IX_af_Henrik_Olrik.jpg/180px-Christian_IX_af_Henrik_Olrik.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Christian_IX_af_Henrik_Olrik.jpg/270px-Christian_IX_af_Henrik_Olrik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Christian_IX_af_Henrik_Olrik.jpg/360px-Christian_IX_af_Henrik_Olrik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="3512" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Olrik" title="Henrik Olrik">Henrik Olrik</a>, 1871</figcaption></figure> <p>The defeat of 1864 cast a shadow over Christian IX's rule for many years and his attitude to the Danish case—probably without reason—was claimed to be half-hearted. This unpopularity was worsened as he sought unsuccessfully to prevent the spread of democracy throughout Denmark by supporting the authoritarian and conservative prime minister <a href="/wiki/Estrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrup">Estrup</a>, whose rule 1875–94 was by many seen as a semi-dictatorship. However, he signed a treaty in 1874 that allowed Iceland, then a Danish possession, to have its own constitution, albeit one under Danish rule. In 1901, he reluctantly asked <a href="/wiki/Johan_Henrik_Deuntzer" title="Johan Henrik Deuntzer">Johan Henrik Deuntzer</a> to form a government and this resulted in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Deuntzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Deuntzer">Cabinet of Deuntzer</a>. The cabinet consisted of members of the <a href="/wiki/Venstre_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Venstre Reform Party">Venstre Reform Party</a> and was the first Danish government not to include the conservative party <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8jre" title="Højre">Højre</a>, even though Højre never had a majority of the seats in the <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing</a>. This was the beginning of the Danish tradition of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentarism">parliamentarism</a> and clearly bettered his reputation for his last years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997185–88_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997185–88-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another reform occurred in 1866, when the Danish constitution was revised so that Denmark's upper chamber would have more power than the lower. Social security also took a few steps forward during his reign. Old age pensions were introduced in 1891 and unemployment and family benefits were introduced in 1892. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_years">Last years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Last years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spite of the King's initial unpopularity and the many years of political strife, where the king was in conflict with large parts of the population, his popularity recovered towards the end of his reign, and he became a national icon due to the length of his reign and the high standards of personal morality with which he was identified.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997188_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997188-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_wedding_anniversary" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden wedding anniversary">golden wedding anniversary</a> of King Christian and Queen Louise in 1892 thus became a great and authentic tribute from the people to the king and queen which contrasted profoundly with the sober marking of their <a href="/wiki/Silver_wedding_anniversary" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver wedding anniversary">silver wedding anniversary</a> in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992166_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992166-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904, the King became aware of the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Einar_Holb%C3%B8ll" title="Einar Holbøll">Einar Holbøll</a>, a postal clerk in Denmark, who conceived the idea of selling <a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a> at post offices across Denmark to raise badly needed funding to help those afflicted with <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, which was occurring in alarming proportions in Denmark. The King approved of Holbøll's idea and subsequently the Danish post office produced the world's first Christmas seal, which generated more than $40,000 in funding. The Christmas seal portrayed an image of his wife, <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Queen Louise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ostler35-38_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ostler35-38-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_succession">Death and succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Death and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kong_Christian_9.s_bis%C3%A6ttelse_16._februar_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Kong_Christian_9.s_bis%C3%A6ttelse_16._februar_1906.jpg/220px-Kong_Christian_9.s_bis%C3%A6ttelse_16._februar_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Kong_Christian_9.s_bis%C3%A6ttelse_16._februar_1906.jpg/330px-Kong_Christian_9.s_bis%C3%A6ttelse_16._februar_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Kong_Christian_9.s_bis%C3%A6ttelse_16._februar_1906.jpg/440px-Kong_Christian_9.s_bis%C3%A6ttelse_16._februar_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>King Christian IX's <a href="/wiki/Funeral_procession" title="Funeral procession">funeral procession</a> at <a href="/wiki/Christiansborg_Palace_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Christiansborg Palace Square">Christiansborg Palace Square</a> on 16 February 1906.</figcaption></figure> <p>Queen Louise died at age 81 on 29 September 1898 at <a href="/wiki/Bernstorff_Palace" title="Bernstorff Palace">Bernstorff Palace</a> near <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. King Christian IX survived his wife by seven years, and died peacefully of old age, at age 87, on 29 January 1906 at his residence, <a href="/wiki/Christian_IX%27s_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian IX's Palace">Christian IX's Palace</a> at <a href="/wiki/Amalienborg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalienborg Palace">Amalienborg Palace</a> in Copenhagen, after a reign of 42 years and 75 days. After <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lying in state</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Christiansborg_Palace_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Christiansborg Palace Chapel">chapel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Christiansborg_Palace" title="Christiansborg Palace">Christiansborg Palace</a> in Copenhagen, he was interred on 16 February 1906 beside Queen Louise in <i><a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral#Christian_IX's_Chapel" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Christian IX's Chapel</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Roskilde Cathedral</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a>, the traditional burial site for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">Danish monarchs</a> since the 15th century. </p><p>After his death, a competition was announced for a double <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> for him and Queen Louise to be placed in <i><a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral#Frederick_V's_Chapel" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Frederick V's Chapel</a></i>. The competition was won by the artist <a href="/wiki/Jens_Ferdinand_Willumsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jens Ferdinand Willumsen">Jens Ferdinand Willumsen</a>, but his proposal was deemed too controversial and was not accepted. Instead, two completely different artists were assigned the task, the Dano-Icelandic sculptor <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Eriksen" title="Edvard Eriksen">Edvard Eriksen</a> and the Danish architect <a href="/wiki/Hack_Kampmann" title="Hack Kampmann">Hack Kampmann</a>. They created a large sarcophagus in white <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> flanked by three graceful sculptures symbolizing <i>Remembrance</i>, <i>Love</i> and <i>Grief</i>. </p><p>Upon King Christian IX's death, Crown Prince Frederick ascended the throne at the age of 62 as King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII</a>. </p> <table style="margin:auto"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_Christmas_Seal,_1906_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Denmark_Christmas_Seal%2C_1906_issue.jpg/190px-Denmark_Christmas_Seal%2C_1906_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Denmark_Christmas_Seal%2C_1906_issue.jpg/285px-Denmark_Christmas_Seal%2C_1906_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Denmark_Christmas_Seal%2C_1906_issue.jpg/380px-Denmark_Christmas_Seal%2C_1906_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>Christian IX appeared on a Denmark <a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seal</a>, issued the same year as his death in 1906</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark,_First_Christmas_Seal,_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Denmark%2C_First_Christmas_Seal%2C_1904.jpg/190px-Denmark%2C_First_Christmas_Seal%2C_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Denmark%2C_First_Christmas_Seal%2C_1904.jpg/285px-Denmark%2C_First_Christmas_Seal%2C_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Denmark%2C_First_Christmas_Seal%2C_1904.jpg/380px-Denmark%2C_First_Christmas_Seal%2C_1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Queen Louise</a> on the Danish Christmas seal of 1904, the world's first <a href="/wiki/Christmas_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seal">Christmas seal</a> </figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Father-in-Law_of_Europe""><span id=".22Father-in-Law_of_Europe.22"></span>"Father-in-Law of Europe"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: "Father-in-Law of Europe""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christian's family links with Europe's royal families earned him the <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquet</a> "the <a href="/wiki/Father-in-law_of_Europe" title="Father-in-law of Europe">father-in-law of Europe</a>". Four of Christian's children sat on the thrones (either as monarchs or as consorts) of Denmark, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>. His youngest son, Valdemar, was on 10 November 1886 elected as new Prince of Bulgaria by <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)#Grand_National_Assembly" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">The 3rd Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria</a>, but Christian IX refused to allow Prince Valdemar to receive the election.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="margin:auto"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Their_parents%27_Golden_Jubilee_in_1882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Their_parents%27_Golden_Jubilee_in_1882.jpg/240px-Their_parents%27_Golden_Jubilee_in_1882.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Their_parents%27_Golden_Jubilee_in_1882.jpg/360px-Their_parents%27_Golden_Jubilee_in_1882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Their_parents%27_Golden_Jubilee_in_1882.jpg/480px-Their_parents%27_Golden_Jubilee_in_1882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Six children of Christian IX and Queen Louise, 1882. From left: <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">King George I of Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)">Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra, Princess of Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederik_VIII_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik VIII of Denmark">Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Thyra_of_Denmark" title="Princess Thyra of Denmark">Princess Thyra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Valdemar_of_Denmark" title="Prince Valdemar of Denmark">Prince Valdemar</a>.</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 200px; height: 200px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 400px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danish_West_Indies_1904_10_Daler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Christian IX, on a 10 Daler coin of the Danish West Indies (1904)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Danish_West_Indies_1904_10_Daler.jpg/400px-Danish_West_Indies_1904_10_Daler.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Danish_West_Indies_1904_10_Daler.jpg/600px-Danish_West_Indies_1904_10_Daler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Danish_West_Indies_1904_10_Daler.jpg/800px-Danish_West_Indies_1904_10_Daler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5757" data-file-height="2905" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Danish_West_Indies_1904_10_Daler.jpg" title="File:Danish West Indies 1904 10 Daler.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Christian IX, on a 10 Daler coin of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a> (1904)</div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The great dynastic success of the six children was to a great extent not attributable to Christian himself but the result of the ambitions of his wife <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Louise of Hesse-Kassel">Louise of Hesse-Kassel</a>. An additional factor was that Denmark was not one of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Powers">Great Powers</a>, so the other powers did not fear that the <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">balance of power</a> in Europe would be upset by a marriage of one of its royalty to another royal house. </p><p>Christian's grandsons included <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine I of Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> of the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Christian X of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">Haakon VII of Norway</a>. </p><p>Today, members of most of Europe's reigning and ex-reigning royal families are direct <a href="/wiki/Royal_descendants_of_Queen_Victoria_and_King_Christian_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and King Christian IX">descendants of Christian IX</a>. Namely, six of the ten current <a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe#Table_of_monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">hereditary European monarchs</a> are descended from Christian: King <a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X of Denmark</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> of the United Kingdom, King <a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe of Belgium</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald V of Norway">Harald V of Norway</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe VI of Spain">Felipe VI of Spain</a> and Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Henri_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri of Luxembourg">Henri of Luxembourg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles,_styles,_honours,_and_arms"><span id="Titles.2C_styles.2C_honours.2C_and_arms"></span>Titles, styles, honours, and arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Titles, styles, honours, and arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles_and_styles">Titles and styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Titles and styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his reign, <a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Danish_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Style of the Danish sovereign">the King's full style</a> was: <i><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">His Majesty</a> Christian IX, <a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">By the Grace of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Denmark">King of Denmark</a>, of <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Wends" title="King of the Wends">the Wends</a> and of <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Goths" title="King of the Goths">the Goths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Schleswig" title="Duke of Schleswig">Duke of Schleswig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Holstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Holstein">Holstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Stormarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Stormarn">Stormarn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Dithmarschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Dithmarschen">Dithmarschen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lauenburg" title="Duke of Lauenburg">Lauenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Oldenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Titles_of_European_hereditary_rulers_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Titles_of_European_hereditary_rulers-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/King_Christian_IX_Land" title="King Christian IX Land">King Christian IX Land</a> in Greenland is named after him. </p><p><b>National orders and decorations</b><sup id="cite_ref-Statskalendar_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statskalendar-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Dannebrog" title="Order of the Dannebrog">Grand Cross of the Dannebrog</a>, <i>28 June 1840</i>; Grand Commander in Diamonds, <i>15 November 1863</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Elephant" title="Order of the Elephant">Knight of the Elephant</a>, <i>22 June 1843</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Honour_of_the_Order_of_the_Dannebrog" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog">Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog</a></li></ul> <p><b>Foreign orders and decorations</b><sup id="cite_ref-Statskalendar02_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statskalendar02-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Anhalt_Duchies.png/15px-Flag_of_Anhalt_Duchies.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Anhalt_Duchies.png/23px-Flag_of_Anhalt_Duchies.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Anhalt_Duchies.png/30px-Flag_of_Anhalt_Duchies.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Ascania" title="House of Ascania">Ascanian duchies</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Albert_the_Bear" title="Order of Albert the Bear">Order of Albert the Bear</a>, <i>18 January 1854</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary"><img alt="Kingdom of Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_Hungary_%281848-1849%2C_1867-1869%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281848-1849%2C_1867-1869%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_Hungary_%281848-1849%2C_1867-1869%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281848-1849%2C_1867-1869%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_Hungary_%281848-1849%2C_1867-1869%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281848-1849%2C_1867-1869%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Stephen_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Stephen of Hungary">Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen</a>, <i>1867</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/46px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span>Baden:<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_Fidelity" title="House Order of Fidelity">House Order of Fidelity</a>, <i>1877</i></li> <li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Berthold_the_First" title="Order of Berthold the First">Order of Berthold the First</a>, <i>1877</i></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Kingdom of Bavaria: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Hubert">Knight of St. Hubert</a>, <i>1888</i><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a>, <i>10 September 1862</i><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="439" /></span></span> </span>Empire of Brazil: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Pedro_I" title="Order of Pedro I">Order of Pedro I</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"><img alt="Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/45px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg"><img alt="Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Meiningen" title="Saxe-Meiningen"><img alt="Saxe-Meiningen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/45px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ernestine_duchies" title="Ernestine duchies">Ernestine duchies</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Saxe-Ernestine_House_Order" title="Saxe-Ernestine House Order">Saxe-Ernestine House Order</a>, <i>October 1838</i><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/45px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Redeemer" title="Order of the Redeemer">Grand Cross of the Redeemer</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Kingdom of Hawaii: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Kamehameha_I_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of Kamehameha I (decoration)">Order of Kamehameha I</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/19px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/29px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/38px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hesse_and_by_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse and by Rhine">Hesse-Darmstadt</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Order" title="Ludwig Order">Ludwig Order</a>, <i>1 October 1863</i><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse"><img alt="Hesse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Electorate of Hesse">Hesse-Kassel</a>: <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_the_Golden_Lion_(Hesse)" class="mw-redirect" title="House Order of the Golden Lion (Hesse)">Grand Cross of the Golden Lion</a>, <i>22 September 1842</i><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Kingdom of Italy: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Knight of the Annunciation</a>, <i>9 November 1864</i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Empire of Japan: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Chrysanthemum" title="Order of the Chrysanthemum">Order of the Chrysanthemum</a>, <i>24 September 1886</i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/45px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a>: <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_the_Wendish_Crown" title="House Order of the Wendish Crown">Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown</a>, with Crown in Ore, <i>6 February 1872</i><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281864-1867%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Imperial_Orders#Imperial_Order_of_the_Mexican_Eagle" title="Mexican Imperial Orders">Grand Cross of the Mexican Eagle</a>, with Collar, <i>1865</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Monaco: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Charles" title="Order of Saint Charles">Grand Cross of St. Charles</a>, <i>7 February 1864</i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span>Principality of Montenegro: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Danilo_I" title="Order of Prince Danilo I">Order of Prince Danilo I</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg/45px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Nassau: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Gold_Lion_of_the_House_of_Nassau" title="Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau">Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau</a>, <i>September 1859</i><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Order of the Netherlands Lion">Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Ottoman Empire: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Highest_Privilege_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Order of the Highest Privilege (Ottoman Empire)">Yüksek İmtiyaz Nişanı</a>, in Diamonds, <i>1885</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span>Kingdom of Portugal: <ul><li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Christ_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Christ (Portugal)">Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Tower_and_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Tower and Sword">Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_Vila_Vi%C3%A7osa" title="Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa">Grand Cross of Our Lady of Conception</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Black_Eagle" title="Order of the Black Eagle">Knight of the Black Eagle</a>, <i>8 December 1866</i><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Eagle" title="Order of the Red Eagle">Grand Cross of the Red Eagle</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Wallachia_and_Moldavia_%281859_-_1862%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Wallachia_and_Moldavia_%281859_-_1862%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Wallachia_and_Moldavia_%281859_-_1862%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Wallachia_and_Moldavia_%281859_-_1862%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Wallachia_and_Moldavia_%281859_-_1862%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Principalities_of_Wallachia_and_Moldavia_%281859_-_1862%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities of Romania">Romania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Grand Cross of the Star of Romania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russian Empire: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Andrew" title="Order of St. Andrew">Knight of St. Andrew</a>, <i>1842</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Alexander_Nevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Alexander Nevsky">Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the White Eagle (Russia)">Knight of the White Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Anna" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Anna">Knight of St. Anna</a>, 1st Class</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus_(House_of_Romanov)" title="Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)">Knight of St. Stanislaus</a>, 1st Class</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/35px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/45px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span>Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Falcon" title="Order of the White Falcon">Grand Cross of the White Falcon</a>, <i>1878</i><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/35px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/45px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Kingdom of Saxony: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rue_Crown" title="Order of the Rue Crown">Knight of the Rue Crown</a>, <i>1888</i><sup id="cite_ref-Sachsen1901_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sachsen1901-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="563" /></span></span> </span>Principality of Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Takovo" title="Order of the Cross of Takovo">Grand Cross of the Cross of Takovo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Siam_%281855%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Elephant" title="Order of the White Elephant">Grand Cross of the White Elephant</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Restoration (Spain): <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Knight of the Golden Fleece</a>, <i>22 March 1864</i><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/35px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/46px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/21px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/32px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/41px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden-Norway">Sweden-Norway</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Seraphim" title="Order of the Seraphim">Knight of the Seraphim</a>, with Collar, <i>8 June 1848</i><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Olav" title="Order of St. Olav">Grand Cross of St. Olav</a>, <i>29 July 1869</i><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Norwegian_Lion" title="Order of the Norwegian Lion">Knight of the Norwegian Lion</a>, <i>10 September 1904</i><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia_%281959%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Tunis" title="Beylik of Tunis">Tunisia</a>: Husainid Family Order, in Diamonds</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath</a> (civil), <i>20 March 1863</i><sup id="cite_ref-p209_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p209-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter</a>, <i>17 June 1865</i><sup id="cite_ref-p63_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p63-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Chain" title="Royal Victorian Chain">Royal Victorian Chain</a>, <i>8 April 1904</i><sup id="cite_ref-p415_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p415-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/35px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/46px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span>Württemberg: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Order of the Crown (Württemberg)">Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown</a>, <i>1888</i><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <p><b>Honorary military appointments</b> </p> <ul><li>Honorary General of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">Swedish Army</a>, <i>1872</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sweden-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden-Norway">Sweden-Norway</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arms">Arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Sovereign, Christian IX used the greater (royal) <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark" title="Coat of arms of Denmark">coat of arms of Denmark</a>. The arms were changed in 1903, as Iceland from then was represented by a falcon rather than its traditional stockfish arms. </p> <table border="0" style="margin:auto; width:50%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_(1819%E2%80%931903).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281819%E2%80%931903%29.svg/200px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281819%E2%80%931903%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281819%E2%80%931903%29.svg/300px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281819%E2%80%931903%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281819%E2%80%931903%29.svg/400px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281819%E2%80%931903%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </th> <th width="50%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_(1903%E2%80%931948).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg/200px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg/300px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg/400px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_%281903%E2%80%931948%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">Royal arms from 1863 to 1903 </td> <td style="text-align: center">Royal arms from 1903 to 1906 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_IX_of_Denmark_with_family_(Tuxen).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Christian_IX_of_Denmark_with_family_%28Tuxen%29.jpg/650px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark_with_family_%28Tuxen%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="650" height="409" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Christian_IX_of_Denmark_with_family_%28Tuxen%29.jpg/975px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark_with_family_%28Tuxen%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Christian_IX_of_Denmark_with_family_%28Tuxen%29.jpg/1300px-Christian_IX_of_Denmark_with_family_%28Tuxen%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Family_of_Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="The Family of Christian IX of Denmark">The Family of Christian IX of Denmark</a> gathered in the Garden Hall of <a href="/wiki/Fredensborg_Palace" title="Fredensborg Palace">Fredensborg Palace</a> in 1883. Painting by <a href="/wiki/Laurits_Tuxen" title="Laurits Tuxen">Laurits Tuxen</a> (1883–86).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issue">Issue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Descendants_of_Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark">Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Royal_descendants_of_Queen_Victoria_and_of_King_Christian_IX" title="Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Christian IX">Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Christian IX</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Birth</th> <th>Death</th> <th>Spouse</th> <th>Children </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII of Denmark</a></td> <td>3 June 1843</td> <td>14 May 1912 <p>(aged 68) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Sweden" title="Louise of Sweden">Princess Louise of Sweden</a> (m. 1869)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Christian X of Denmark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">Haakon VII of Norway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Denmark_(1875%E2%80%931906)" title="Princess Louise of Denmark (1875–1906)">Louise, Princess Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harald_of_Denmark" title="Prince Harald of Denmark">Prince Harald of Denmark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark" title="Princess Ingeborg of Denmark">Princess Ingeborg, Duchess of Västergötland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Thyra_of_Denmark_(1880%E2%80%931945)" title="Princess Thyra of Denmark (1880–1945)">Princess Thyra of Denmark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustav_of_Denmark" title="Prince Gustav of Denmark">Prince Gustav of Denmark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Dagmar_of_Denmark" title="Princess Dagmar of Denmark">Princess Dagmar, Mrs. Castenskiold</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Princess Alexandra of Denmark</a></td> <td>1 December 1844</td> <td>20 November 1925 <p>(aged 80) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII of the United Kingdom</a> (m. 1863)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale" title="Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale">Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V of the United Kingdom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Louise,_Princess_Royal" title="Louise, Princess Royal">Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom">Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maud_of_Wales" title="Maud of Wales">Maud, Queen of Norway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexander_John_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Alexander John of Wales">Prince Alexander John of Wales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a></td> <td>24 December 1845</td> <td>18 March 1913 <p>(aged 67) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olga_Constantinovna_of_Russia" title="Olga Constantinovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia</a> (m. 1867)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine I of Greece</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince George of Greece and Denmark">Prince George of Greece and Denmark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Georgievna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia">Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark">Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark">Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna of Russia</a><br />Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark<br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark">Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Christopher_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark">Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)">Princess Dagmar of Denmark</a></td> <td>26 November 1847</td> <td>13 October 1928 <p>(aged 80) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia" title="Alexander III of Russia">Alexander III of Russia</a> (m. 1866)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia">Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_George_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia">Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Xenia_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Michael_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia">Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Olga_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia">Olga Alexandrovna, Duchess Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Thyra_of_Denmark" title="Princess Thyra of Denmark">Princess Thyra of Denmark</a></td> <td>29 September 1853</td> <td>26 February 1933 <p>(aged 79) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Crown_Prince_of_Hanover" title="Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover">Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover and Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale</a> (m. 1878)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Hanover" title="Princess Marie Louise of Hanover">Marie Louise, Margravine of Baden</a><br />George William, Hereditary Prince of Hanover<br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_of_Hanover_(1882%E2%80%931963)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Alexandra of Hanover (1882–1963)">Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a><br />Princess Olga of Hanover and Cumberland<br />Prince Christian of Hanover and Cumberland<br /><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick">Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Valdemar_of_Denmark" title="Prince Valdemar of Denmark">Prince Valdemar of Denmark</a></td> <td>27 October 1858</td> <td>14 January 1939 <p>(aged 80) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1865%E2%80%931909)" title="Princess Marie of Orléans (1865–1909)">Princess Marie of Orléans</a> (m. 1885)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aage,_Count_of_Rosenborg" title="Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg">Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Axel_of_Denmark" title="Prince Axel of Denmark">Prince Axel of Denmark</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Erik,_Count_of_Rosenborg" title="Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg">Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Viggo,_Count_of_Rosenborg" title="Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg">Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret_of_Denmark" title="Princess Margaret of Denmark">Margaret, Princess René of Bourbon-Parma</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Christian IX of Denmark</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Karl_Anton_August_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Louis,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Frederick Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Countess_Charlotte_of_Dohna-Leistenau" title="Countess Charlotte of Dohna-Leistenau">Countess Charlotte of Dohna-Leistenau</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Count_Karl_Leopold_von_Schlieben" title="Count Karl Leopold von Schlieben">Count Karl Leopold von Schlieben</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Countess_Friederike_von_Schlieben" title="Countess Friederike von Schlieben">Countess Friederike von Schlieben</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Countess Marie Eleonore von Lehndorff</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Christian IX of Denmark</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel">Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Mary_of_Great_Britain" title="Princess Mary of Great Britain">Princess Mary of Great Britain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Caroline_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel">Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Denmark_(1750%E2%80%931831)" title="Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831)">Princess Louise of Denmark</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Great_Britain" title="Louise of Great Britain">Princess Louisa of Great Britain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In spite of the fact that Denmark lost the duchies as a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1864)" title="Treaty of Vienna (1864)">Treaty of Vienna</a> in 1864, this style continued to be used until the 1972 accession of Queen <a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Titles_of_European_hereditary_rulers_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Titles_of_European_hereditary_rulers-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monarchies.onlinewebshop.net/Schleswig_Glucksburg_Royal_Family.htm">"Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Royal Family"</a>. Monarchies of Europe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg+Royal+Family&rft.pub=Monarchies+of+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmonarchies.onlinewebshop.net%2FSchleswig_Glucksburg_Royal_Family.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com/tag/christian-ix-of-denmark/">"HM King Christian IX of Denmark"</a>. European Royal History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HM+King+Christian+IX+of+Denmark&rft.pub=European+Royal+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropeanroyalhistory.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fchristian-ix-of-denmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kongeligedaab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kongeligedaab_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongeligedaab_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindøBoelskifte2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hindø, Lone; Boelskifte, Else (2007). "Døbt i Gottorp Sloskapel" [Baptised in the Gottorp Castle Chapel]. <i>Kongelig Dåb. Fjorten generationer ved Rosenborg-døbefonten</i> [<i>Royal Baptisms. Fourteen generations at the Rosenborg baptismal font</i>] (in Danish). Forlaget Hovedland. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7070-014-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7070-014-6"><bdi>978-87-7070-014-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=D%C3%B8bt+i+Gottorp+Sloskapel&rft.btitle=Kongelig+D%C3%A5b.+Fjorten+generationer+ved+Rosenborg-d%C3%B8befonten&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Forlaget+Hovedland&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-87-7070-014-6&rft.aulast=Hind%C3%B8&rft.aufirst=Lone&rft.au=Boelskifte%2C+Else&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burke280-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burke280_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery-Massingberd1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Massingberd" title="Hugh Massingberd">Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh</a>, ed. (1977). <i>Burke's Royal Families of the World</i>. Vol. 1: Europe & Latin America. London: <a href="/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Burke's Peerage Ltd">Burke's Peerage Ltd</a>. p. 280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85011-023-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85011-023-8"><bdi>0-85011-023-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burke%27s+Royal+Families+of+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage+Ltd&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-85011-023-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen199250-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen199250_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBramsen1992">Bramsen 1992</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen199263-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen199263_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBramsen1992">Bramsen 1992</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen199248-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen199248_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBramsen1992">Bramsen 1992</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen199278-82-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen199278-82_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBramsen1992">Bramsen 1992</a>, p. 78-82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorsøe1889">Thorsøe 1889</a>, p. 523.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://henrypoole.com/hall_of_fame/hm-king-christian-ix-of-denmark/">"HM King Christian IX of Denmark"</a>. Henry Poole & Co. 17 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HM+King+Christian+IX+of+Denmark&rft.pub=Henry+Poole+%26+Co.&rft.date=2013-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhenrypoole.com%2Fhall_of_fame%2Fhm-king-christian-ix-of-denmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-524-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889523-524_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorsøe1889">Thorsøe 1889</a>, p. 523-524.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorsøe1889524_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThorsøe1889">Thorsøe 1889</a>, p. 524.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992117-118-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992117-118_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBramsen1992">Bramsen 1992</a>, p. 117-118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992120-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992120_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBramsen1992">Bramsen 1992</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burke69-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burke69_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burke69_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burke69_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery-Massingberd1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Massingberd" title="Hugh Massingberd">Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh</a>, ed. (1977). <i>Burke's Royal Families of the World</i>. Vol. 1: Europe & Latin America. London: <a href="/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Burke's Peerage Ltd">Burke's Peerage Ltd</a>. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85011-023-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85011-023-8"><bdi>0-85011-023-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burke%27s+Royal+Families+of+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage+Ltd&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-85011-023-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997182-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997182_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997182_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScocozza1997">Scocozza 1997</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenthøj2014136-37-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenthøj2014136-37_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenthøj2014">Glenthøj 2014</a>, p. 136-37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkman1957" class="citation journal cs1">Ekman, Ernst (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/237987">"The Danish Royal Law of 1665"</a>. <i>The Journal of Modern History</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 102–107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F237987">10.1086/237987</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2801">0022-2801</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145652129">145652129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=The+Danish+Royal+Law+of+1665&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=102-107&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145652129%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-2801&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F237987&rft.aulast=Ekman&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1086%2F237987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoelseth.com/royalty/denmark/dkres18530731.html">Royal Ordinance settling the Succession to the Crown on Prince Christian of Glücksburg</a>. from <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoelseth.com/royalty/royalty.html">Hoelseth's Royal Corner</a></i>. Retrieved 7 November 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997183-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997183_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScocozza1997">Scocozza 1997</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Year: 1863; Quantity released: 101,000 coin; Weight: 28.893 gram; Composition: Silver 87.5%; Diameter: 39.5 mm – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces23580.html">https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces23580.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politiken.dk/kultur/article1038865.ece">Hemmeligt arkiv: Kongen tilbød Danmark til tyskerne efter 1864</a> 18 August 2010 (politiken.dk)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997185–88-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997185–88_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScocozza1997">Scocozza 1997</a>, pp. 185–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997188-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScocozza1997188_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScocozza1997">Scocozza 1997</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992166-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBramsen1992166_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBramsen1992">Bramsen 1992</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ostler35-38-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ostler35-38_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ostler1947">Ostler, 1947</a>, pp. 35–38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.statsbiblioteket.dk/mediestream/avis/record/doms_aviser_page%3Auuid%3Ac554e698-c934-4b12-9c14-b6a587993c1a">"Udlandet i 1886"</a>. <i>Randers Amtsavis og Adressekontors Efterretninger</i> (in Danish): 1. 3 January 1887.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Randers+Amtsavis+og+Adressekontors+Efterretninger&rft.atitle=Udlandet+i+1886.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1887-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.statsbiblioteket.dk%2Fmediestream%2Favis%2Frecord%2Fdoms_aviser_page%253Auuid%253Ac554e698-c934-4b12-9c14-b6a587993c1a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.statsbiblioteket.dk/mediestream/avis/record/doms_aviser_page%3Auuid%3Ad2587edc-154d-4acd-93e5-ad638ea210c6">"Da Prins Valdemar skulde være Fyrste af Bulgarien"</a>. <i>Ærø Avis. Kongelig priviligeret Adresse-, politisk og Avertissements-Tidende</i> (in Danish): 1. 14 July 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%86r%C3%B8+Avis.+Kongelig+priviligeret+Adresse-%2C+politisk+og+Avertissements-Tidende&rft.atitle=Da+Prins+Valdemar+skulde+v%C3%A6re+Fyrste+af+Bulgarien.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1913-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.statsbiblioteket.dk%2Fmediestream%2Favis%2Frecord%2Fdoms_aviser_page%253Auuid%253Ad2587edc-154d-4acd-93e5-ad638ea210c6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHein_Bruins" class="citation web cs1">Hein Bruins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinbruins.nl/Christian.html">"Descendants of King Christian IX of Denmark"</a>. heinbruins.nl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Descendants+of+King+Christian+IX+of+Denmark&rft.pub=heinbruins.nl&rft.au=Hein+Bruins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheinbruins.nl%2FChristian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Titles_of_European_hereditary_rulers-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Titles_of_European_hereditary_rulers_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Titles_of_European_hereditary_rulers_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eurulers.altervista.org/denmark.html">"Denmark"</a>. <i>Titles of European hereditary rulers</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200210010251/http://eurulers.altervista.org/denmark.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hessen</i> (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen</i> (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCibrario1869" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cibrario, Luigi (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2aP6enNFoYC&q=Ordine%20supremo%20della%20Santissima%20Annunziata&pg=PA112"><i>Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri</i></a> (in Italian). 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Neustrelitz: Druck und Debit der Buchdruckerei von G. F. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VOAxAQAAMAAJ">"Seccion IV: Ordenes del Imperio"</a>, <i>Almanaque imperial para el año 1866</i> (in Spanish), 1866, pp. 214–236, 242–243<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seccion+IV%3A+Ordenes+del+Imperio&rft.btitle=Almanaque+imperial+para+el+a%C3%B1o+1866&rft.pages=214-236%2C+242-243&rft.date=1866&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVOAxAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/85f531dc217b875f80ac4aab2c93bf36.pdf">Sovereign Ordonnance of 7 February 1864</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10021632?page=24">Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau</a></i> (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi: İ.DH. 957-75653, HR.TO.336–89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a 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Dresden: Heinrich. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030492006&view=1up&seq=44&skin=2021">4</a> – via hathitrust.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6niglich+Orden&rft.btitle=Staatshandbuch+f%C3%BCr+den+K%C3%B6nigreich+Sachsen%3A+1901&rft.place=Dresden&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Heinrich&rft.date=1901&rft.au=Sachsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000976079&search=&lang=es">"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro"</a>, <i>Guóa Oficial de España</i> (in Spanish), 1900, p. 167<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caballeros+de+la+insigne+orden+del+tois%C3%B3n+de+oro&rft.btitle=Gu%C3%B3a+Oficial+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pages=167&rft.date=1900&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemerotecadigital.bne.es%2Fissue.vm%3Fid%3D0000976079%26search%3D%26lang%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0464.html"><i>Sveriges statskalender</i></a> (in Swedish), 1905, p. 440<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span> – via runeberg.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sveriges+statskalender&rft.pages=440&rft.date=1905&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fstatskal%2F1905%2F0464.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/norkal/1890/0355.html"><i>Norges Statskalender</i></a> (in Norwegian), 1890, pp. 593–594<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span> – via runeberg.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norges+Statskalender&rft.pages=593-594&rft.date=1890&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnorkal%2F1890%2F0355.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=33000&sek=32999">"The Order of the Norwegian Lion"</a>, <i>The Royal House of Norway</i>. 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(1906) <i>The Knights of England</i>, <b>I</b>, London, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n299/mode/2up">p. 209</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p63-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p63_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n151/mode/2up">p. 63</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p415-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p415_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n505/mode/2up">p. 415</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Pc5CAAAAYAAJ/page/n63">Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg</a></i> (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/statskal/1905/0147.html"><i>Sveriges statskalender</i></a> (in Swedish), 1905, p. 123<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span> – via runeberg.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sveriges+statskalender&rft.pages=123&rft.date=1905&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fstatskal%2F1905%2F0147.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAronson2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theo_Aronson" title="Theo Aronson">Aronson, Theo</a> (2014). <i>A Family of Kings: The descendants of Christian IX of Denmark</i> (2nd ed.). London: Thistle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1910198124" title="Special:BookSources/978-1910198124"><bdi>978-1910198124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Family+of+Kings%3A+The+descendants+of+Christian+IX+of+Denmark&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thistle+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1910198124&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.aufirst=Theo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeécheHall2014" class="citation book cs1">Beéche, Arturo E.; Hall, Coryne (2014). <i>APAPA: King Christian IX of Denmark and His Descendants</i>. East Richmond Heights, California: Eurohistory. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0985460341" title="Special:BookSources/978-0985460341"><bdi>978-0985460341</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=APAPA%3A+King+Christian+IX+of+Denmark+and+His+Descendants&rft.place=East+Richmond+Heights%2C+California&rft.pub=Eurohistory&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0985460341&rft.aulast=Be%C3%A9che&rft.aufirst=Arturo+E.&rft.au=Hall%2C+Coryne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBramsen1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bramsen, Bo (1992). <i>Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt</i> [<i>The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants</i>] (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Forlaget Forum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-553-1843-6" title="Special:BookSources/87-553-1843-6"><bdi>87-553-1843-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huset+Gl%C3%BCcksborg.+Europas+svigerfader+og+hans+eftersl%C3%A6gt.&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Forlaget+Forum&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=87-553-1843-6&rft.aulast=Bramsen&rft.aufirst=Bo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaffanjon1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Chaffanjon" title="Arnaud Chaffanjon">Chaffanjon, Arnaud</a> (1980). <i>Histoires de familles royales : Victoria d'Angleterre – Christian IX de Danemark et leurs descendances de 1840 à nos jours</i> (in French). Paris: <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_(publishing_house)" title="Ramsay (publishing house)">Ramsay</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782859561840" title="Special:BookSources/9782859561840"><bdi>9782859561840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoires+de+familles+royales+%3A+Victoria+d%27Angleterre+%E2%80%93+Christian+IX+de+Danemark+et+leurs+descendances+de+1840+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Ramsay&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9782859561840&rft.aulast=Chaffanjon&rft.aufirst=Arnaud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabricius-Møller2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fabricius-Møller, Jes (2013). <i>Dynastiet Glücksborg, en Danmarkshistorie</i> [<i>The Glücksborg Dynasty, a history of Denmark</i>] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Gad. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788712048411" title="Special:BookSources/9788712048411"><bdi>9788712048411</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynastiet+Gl%C3%BCcksborg%2C+en+Danmarkshistorie&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Gad&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9788712048411&rft.aulast=Fabricius-M%C3%B8ller&rft.aufirst=Jes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenthøj2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Glenthøj, Rasmus (2014). <i>1864 : Sønner af de Slagne</i> [<i>1864 : Sons of the defeated</i>] (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gads_Forlag" title="Gads Forlag">Gads Forlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8712-04919-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-8712-04919-7"><bdi>978-8712-04919-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1864+%3A+S%C3%B8nner+af+de+Slagne&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Gads+Forlag&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8712-04919-7&rft.aulast=Glenth%C3%B8j&rft.aufirst=Rasmus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLercheMandal2003" class="citation book cs1">Lerche, Anna; Mandal, Marcus (2003). <i>A royal family : the story of Christian IX and his European descendants</i>. Copenhagen: Aschehoug. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788715109577" title="Special:BookSources/9788715109577"><bdi>9788715109577</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+royal+family+%3A+the+story+of+Christian+IX+and+his+European+descendants&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9788715109577&rft.aulast=Lerche&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Mandal%2C+Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlden-Jørgensen2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Olden-Jørgensen, Sebastian (2003). <i>Prinsessen og det hele kongerige. Christian IX og det glücksborgske kongehus</i> [<i>The princess and the whole kingdom. Christian IX and the royal house of Glücksburg</i>] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Gad. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8712040517" title="Special:BookSources/8712040517"><bdi>8712040517</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prinsessen+og+det+hele+kongerige.+Christian+IX+og+det+gl%C3%BCcksborgske+kongehus&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Gad&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=8712040517&rft.aulast=Olden-J%C3%B8rgensen&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ostler1947" class="citation book cs1">Ostler, Fred J. (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seal-society.org/sites/default/files/pdf/news/88/holboll%2011-47%20coronet%20article.pdf"><i>Father of the Christmas Seal</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Coronet Printing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Father+of+the+Christmas+Seal&rft.pub=Coronet+Printing&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Ostler&rft.aufirst=Fred+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seal-society.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fnews%2F88%2Fholboll%252011-47%2520coronet%2520article.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScocozza1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scocozza, Benito (1997). "Christian 9.". <i>Politikens bog om danske monarker</i> [<i>Politiken's book about Danish monarchs</i>] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag. pp. 182–189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-567-5772-7" title="Special:BookSources/87-567-5772-7"><bdi>87-567-5772-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christian+9.&rft.btitle=Politikens+bog+om+danske+monarker&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pages=182-189&rft.pub=Politikens+Forlag&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=87-567-5772-7&rft.aulast=Scocozza&rft.aufirst=Benito&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorsøe1889" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thorsøe, Alexander (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/dbl/3/0525.html">"Christian 9."</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Carl_Frederik_Bricka" title="Carl Frederik Bricka">Bricka, Carl Frederik</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dansk_Biografisk_Leksikon" title="Dansk Biografisk Leksikon">Dansk biografisk Lexikon, tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537–1814</a></i> (in Danish). Vol. III (1st ed.). Copenhagen: <a href="/wiki/Gyldendal" title="Gyldendal">Gyldendal</a>. pp. 523–526.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christian+9.&rft.btitle=Dansk+biografisk+Lexikon%2C+tillige+omfattende+Norge+for+tidsrummet+1537%E2%80%931814&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pages=523-526&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Thors%C3%B8e&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fdbl%2F3%2F0525.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Kiste1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_der_Kiste" title="John Van der Kiste">Van der Kiste, John</a> (1996). <i>Northern crowns : the kings of modern Scandinavia</i>. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780750911382" title="Special:BookSources/9780750911382"><bdi>9780750911382</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+crowns+%3A+the+kings+of+modern+Scandinavia&rft.place=Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780750911382&rft.aulast=Van+der+Kiste&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark" class="extiw" title="commons:Christian IX of Denmark"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Christian IX of Denmark</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050403232709/http://kongehuset.dk/artikel.php?dogtag=k_en_his_chrix">The Danish Monarchy's official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/christian-ix/">Christian IX</a> at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at <a href="/wiki/Amalienborg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalienborg Palace">Amalienborg Palace</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Christian IX."><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Christian_IX.">"Christian IX." </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christian+IX.&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+IX+of+Denmark" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Christian IX</div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 8 April 1818</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 29 January 1906</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Denmark">King of Denmark</a> </b><br />1863–1906 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Schleswig#House_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg_(1863–1865)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Schleswig">Duke of Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Schleswig-Holstein#House_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg_(1863–1865)" title="List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein">Holstein</a> </b><br />1863–1864 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Titles <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">mediatised</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saxony#Dukes_of_Saxe-Lauenburg_(1401–1876)" title="List of rulers of Saxony">Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg</a> </b><br />1863–1864 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of Prussia">William I</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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id="Monarchs_of_Denmark" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_monarchs" title="List of Danish monarchs">Monarchs of Denmark</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kn%C3%BDtlinga" title="House of Knýtlinga">Knýtlinga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="c._916_–_1042" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 916 – 1042</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harthacnut_I_of_Denmark" title="Harthacnut I of Denmark">Сanute I</a> (Harthacnut)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorm_the_Old" title="Gorm the Old">Gorm the Old</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth" title="Harald Bluetooth">Harald I Bluetooth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn I</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_II_of_Denmark" title="Harald II of Denmark">Harald II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnut" title="Cnut">Canute II</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harthacnut" title="Harthacnut">Canute III</a> (Harthacanute)<sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/120px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/180px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/240px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1177" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Fairhair_dynasty" title="Fairhair dynasty">Fairhair</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1042–1047" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">1042–1047</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Good" title="Magnus the Good">Magnus the Good</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Estridsen" title="House of Estridsen">Estridsen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1047–1375" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">1047–1375</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_II_of_Denmark" title="Sweyn II of Denmark">Sweyn II Estridsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hen" title="Harald Hen">Harald III Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canute_IV_of_Denmark" title="Canute IV of Denmark">Canute IV the Saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_I_of_Denmark" title="Olaf I of Denmark">Olaf I Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_I_of_Denmark" title="Eric I of Denmark">Eric I Evergood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels,_King_of_Denmark" title="Niels, King of Denmark">Niels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_II_of_Denmark" title="Eric II of Denmark">Eric II the Memorable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_III_of_Denmark" title="Eric III of Denmark">Eric III Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_III_of_Denmark" title="Sweyn III of Denmark">Sweyn III Grathe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Canute_V_of_Denmark" title="Canute V of Denmark">Canute V</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_I_of_Denmark" title="Valdemar I of Denmark">Valdemar I the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canute_VI_of_Denmark" title="Canute VI of Denmark">Canute VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemar_II_of_Denmark" title="Valdemar II of Denmark">Valdemar II the Victorious</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_the_Young" title="Valdemar the Young">Valdemar the Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_IV_of_Denmark" title="Eric IV of Denmark">Eric IV Plough-tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel,_King_of_Denmark" title="Abel, King of Denmark">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_I_of_Denmark" title="Christopher I of Denmark">Christopher I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_V_of_Denmark" title="Eric V of Denmark">Eric V Klipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_VI_of_Denmark" title="Eric VI of Denmark">Eric VI Menved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_II_of_Denmark" title="Christopher II of Denmark">Christopher II</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Christoffersen_of_Denmark" title="Eric Christoffersen of Denmark">Eric Christoffersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemar_III_of_Denmark" title="Valdemar III of Denmark">Valdemar III</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#999">Interregnum</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemar_IV_of_Denmark" title="Valdemar IV of Denmark">Valdemar IV Atterdag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bj%C3%A4lbo" title="House of Bjälbo">Bjälbo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1376–1387" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">1376–1387</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Denmark" title="Olaf II of Denmark">Olaf II</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Estridsen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1376–1412" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">1376–1412</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margrethe I</a></i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">Pomerania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1397–1439" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">1397–1439</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric VII of Pomerania</a></i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Palatinate-Neumarkt" title="House of Palatinate-Neumarkt">Palatinate-Neumarkt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1440–1448" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">1440–1448</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher III of Bavaria</a></i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><b>Senior branch</b><br />1448–1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_II_of_Denmark" title="Christian II of Denmark">Christian II</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Denmark" title="Frederick I of Denmark">Frederick I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">Christian V</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark" title="Frederick IV of Denmark">Frederick IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark" title="Christian VI of Denmark">Christian VI</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_VII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VII of Denmark">Christian VII</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Christian VIII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a></b><br />since 1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Christian X</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_IX" title="Frederik IX">Frederik IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicates Danish monarchs who were also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">monarchs of Norway</a>.</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">monarch of England</a>.</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">monarch of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Icelandic_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Icelandic monarchs">monarch of Iceland</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Iceland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Iceland" title="Template:Monarchs of Iceland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Iceland" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Iceland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Iceland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Iceland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Iceland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Iceland">Monarchs of Iceland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Possession of Norway</a> (1262–1814)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV" title="Haakon IV">Haakon IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_the_Lawmender" title="Magnus the Lawmender">Magnus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_II_of_Norway" title="Eric II of Norway">Eric II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_V" title="Haakon V">Haakon V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Eriksson" title="Magnus Eriksson">Magnus VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_VI" title="Haakon VI">Haakon VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Denmark" title="Olaf II of Denmark">Olaf IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_of_Bavaria" title="Christopher of Bavaria">Christopher I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Knutsson" title="Karl Knutsson">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_I_of_Denmark" title="Christian I of Denmark">Christian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_Denmark" title="John, King of Denmark">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_II_of_Denmark" title="Christian II of Denmark">Christian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Denmark" title="Frederick I of Denmark">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_III_of_Denmark" title="Christian III of Denmark">Christian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">Christian V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark" title="Frederick IV of Denmark">Frederick IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark" title="Christian VI of Denmark">Christian VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">Frederick V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VII of Denmark">Christian VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Possession of Denmark</a> (1814–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">Christian VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Christian X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Kingdom of Iceland</a> (1918–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Kristján X (Christian X)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princes_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Template:Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Template talk:Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations indicate descent from <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Duke Philip</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg_(elder_line)" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (elder line)">elder Glücksburg line</a>; generations beyond 6 start anew with <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Duke Friedrich Wilhelm</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">junior line</a>, a 6th generation descendant of <a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Princess Augusta</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Karl</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Friedrich</a>^</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian IX of Denmark</a>^,**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Julius_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Prince Julius of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Prince Julius</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Johann_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Prince Johann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein">Friedrich Ferdinand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">Frederick VIII of Denmark</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Valdemar_of_Denmark" title="Prince Valdemar of Denmark">Prince Valdemar</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Friedrich,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Wilhelm Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein">Wilhelm Friedrich</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Albrecht,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Hans Albrecht, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein">Hans Albrecht</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Peter, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein">Peter</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Prinz_zu_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Christoph Prinz zu Schleswig-Holstein">Christoph</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>^ also a <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a> until 1825</i><br /><i>* also a <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">prince of Schleswig</a>-<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a></i><br /><i>** also a <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">prince of Denmark</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Danish_princes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danish_princes" title="Template:Danish princes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danish_princes" title="Template talk:Danish princes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danish_princes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danish princes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Danish_princes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_princes_of_Denmark" title="List of princes of Denmark">Danish princes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>The generations are numbered from the implementation of hereditary monarchy by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III</a> in 1660.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">King Christian V</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">Prince George, Duke of Cumberland</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/100px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/150px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/200px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1177" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark" title="Frederick IV of Denmark">King Frederick IV</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Christian_of_Denmark_(1675%E2%80%931695)" title="Prince Christian of Denmark (1675–1695)">Prince Christian</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_of_Denmark" title="Prince Charles of Denmark">Prince Charles</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_of_Denmark" title="Prince William of Denmark">Prince William</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince William, Duke of Gloucester">Prince William, Duke of Gloucester</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark" title="Christian VI of Denmark">King Christian VI</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_Denmark" title="Frederick V of Denmark">King Frederick V</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VII of Denmark">King Christian VII</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark">Hereditary Prince Frederick</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">King Frederick VI</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Christian VIII of Denmark">King Christian VIII</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Denmark">Hereditary Prince Ferdinand</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">King Frederick VII</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King Christian IX</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VIII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VIII of Denmark">King Frederick VIII</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">King George I of Greece</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Valdemar_of_Denmark" title="Prince Valdemar of Denmark">Prince Valdemar</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">King Christian X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII" title="Haakon VII">King Haakon VII of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harald_of_Denmark" title="Prince Harald of Denmark">Prince Harald</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustav_of_Denmark" title="Prince Gustav of Denmark">Prince Gustav</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">King Constantine I of Greece</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince George of Greece and Denmark">Prince George</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Nicholas_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark">Prince Nicholas</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark">Prince Andrew</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Christopher_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark">Prince Christopher</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aage,_Count_of_Rosenborg" title="Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg">Prince Aage</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Axel_of_Denmark" title="Prince Axel of Denmark">Prince Axel</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Erik,_Count_of_Rosenborg" title="Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg">Prince Erik</a></i><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_Viggo,_Count_of_Rosenborg" title="Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg">Prince Viggo</a></i><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_IX" title="Frederik IX">King Frederik IX</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark">Hereditary Prince Knud</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_V" title="Olav V">King Olav V of Norway</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gorm_of_Denmark" title="Prince Gorm of Denmark">Prince Gorm</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Oluf_of_Rosenborg" title="Count Oluf of Rosenborg">Prince Oluf</a></i><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Greece" title="George II of Greece">King George II of Greece</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Greece" title="Alexander of Greece">King Alexander I of Greece</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Greece" title="Paul of Greece">King Paul I of Greece</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Peter_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark">Prince Peter</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span> <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark">Prince Michael</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Georg_of_Denmark" title="Prince Georg of Denmark">Prince Georg</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Flemming_of_Rosenborg" title="Count Flemming of Rosenborg">Prince Flemming</a></i><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henrik_of_Denmark" title="Prince Henrik of Denmark">Prince Henrik</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Ingolf_of_Rosenborg" title="Count Ingolf of Rosenborg">Prince Ingolf</a></i><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Christian_of_Rosenborg" title="Count Christian of Rosenborg">Prince Christian</a></i><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece" title="Constantine II of Greece">King Constantine II of Greece</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">King Frederik X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Joachim_of_Denmark" title="Prince Joachim of Denmark">Prince Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlos,_Crown_Prince_of_Greece" title="Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece">Crown Prince Pavlos of Greece</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Nikolaos_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark">Prince Nikolaos</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippos_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark">Prince Philippos</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian,_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark" title="Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark">Crown Prince Christian of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Vincent_of_Denmark" title="Prince Vincent of Denmark">Prince Vincent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Nikolai_of_Monpezat" title="Count Nikolai of Monpezat">Prince Nikolai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Felix_of_Monpezat" title="Count Felix of Monpezat">Prince Felix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Henrik_of_Monpezat" title="Count Henrik of Monpezat">Prince Henrik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Constantine_Alexios_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark">Prince Constantine-Alexios</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Achileas-Andreas_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Achileas-Andreas of Greece and Denmark">Prince Achileas-Andreas</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Odysseas-Kimon_of_Greece_and_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Odysseas-Kimon of Greece and Denmark">Prince Odysseas-Kimon</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Aristidis-Stavros_of_Greece_and_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Aristidis-Stavros of Greece and Denmark">Prince Aristidis-Stavros</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span> Also prince of Norway<br /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span> Also prince of Greece<br /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span> Also prince of Iceland<br /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span> Also prince of the United Kingdom<br /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span> Not Danish prince by birth, but created prince of Denmark<br /><i>Princes that lost their title are shown in italics</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151305#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151305#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151305#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066751801">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/216149066622265602405">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/73023/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119071126">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81056683">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15537978f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15537978f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Christian IX <re di Danimarca>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MUSV016064">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074430408">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98056654">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dgjdjl15w9wwx">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810662044205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007309658605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/479723">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/26311d47-3ba2-4861-8af1-154f38a7e9c5">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119071126.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1284008169">DDB</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119071126">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/073010146">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569254">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6c85pwt">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/53124">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/386008">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&oldid=1254489479">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&oldid=1254489479</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_IX_of_Denmark" title="Category:Christian IX of Denmark">Christian IX of Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1818_births" title="Category:1818 births">1818 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1906_deaths" title="Category:1906 deaths">1906 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_monarchs_of_Denmark" title="Category:19th-century monarchs of Denmark">19th-century monarchs of Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_monarchs_of_Denmark" title="Category:20th-century monarchs of Denmark">20th-century monarchs of Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Roskilde_Cathedral" title="Category:Burials at Roskilde Cathedral">Burials at Roskilde Cathedral</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dukes_of_Schleswig" title="Category:Dukes of Schleswig">Dukes of Schleswig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dukes_of_Holstein" title="Category:Dukes of Holstein">Dukes of Holstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dukes_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Category:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg">Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg_(Denmark)" title="Category:House of Glücksburg (Denmark)">House of Glücksburg (Denmark)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Category:House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Schleswig,_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Category:People from Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein">People from Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Princes_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Category:Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Princes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protestant_monarchs" title="Category:Protestant monarchs">Protestant monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Commanders_of_the_Order_of_the_Dannebrog" title="Category:Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog">Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Cross_of_Honour_of_the_Order_of_the_Dannebrog" title="Category:Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog">Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary" title="Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary">Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Cross_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" title="Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour">Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Saint-Charles" title="Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles">Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion">Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania">Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Crosses_of_the_Order_of_Christ_(Portugal)" title="Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)">Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_Vila_Vi%C3%A7osa" title="Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa">Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Russia)" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)">Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_St._Anna,_1st_class" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class">Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_of_the_Golden_Fleece_of_Spain" title="Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain">Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_of_the_Order_of_the_Norwegian_Lion" title="Category:Knights of the Order of the Norwegian Lion">Knights of the Order of the Norwegian Lion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extra_Knights_Companion_of_the_Garter" title="Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter">Extra Knights Companion of the Garter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Honorary_Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" title="Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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