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The research problem is that the post-1994 governments of South Africa stated in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) that indigenous official African languages must be in the curricula of the education system. But the findings reflect that this constitutional mandate has not been accomplished in the twenty years of South Africa’s liberation. Conclusions drawn are that the former two official languages used in the education policies of the apartheid South Africa, i.e. English and Afrikaans, have continued to be used in pretended implementation of indigenous of- ficial African languages in the curricula of education of a free South Africa.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Professor Lekgotla laga Ramoupi, Ph.D."}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-09-12","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"3 - African Languages Policy in the Education of South Africa: 20 Years of Freedom or Subjugation?","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Education Systems","Higher Education in Africa"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal of Higher Education in Africa","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"CODESRIA - Council for the Development of Social Science Research in 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The research problem is that the post-1994 governments of South Africa stated in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) that indigenous official African languages must be in the curricula of the education system. But the findings reflect that this constitutional mandate has not been accomplished in the twenty years of South Africa’s liberation. Conclusions drawn are that the former two official languages used in the education policies of the apartheid South Africa, i.e. English and Afrikaans, have continued to be used in pretended implementation of indigenous of- ficial African languages in the curricula of education of a free South Africa.","publisher":"CODESRIA - Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa","publication_name":"Journal of Higher Education in Africa"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"3 - African Languages Policy in the Education of South Africa: 20 Years of Freedom or Subjugation?","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [31034455]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":105692050,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “3 - African Languages Policy in the Education of South Africa: 20 Years of Freedom or Subjugation?”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/105692050/mini_magick20230912-1-a0r276.png?1694543438" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">3 - African Languages Policy in the Education of South Africa: 20 Years of Freedom or Subjugation?</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31034455" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/ProfessorLekgotlalagaRamoupiPhD"><img alt="Profile image of Professor Lekgotla laga Ramoupi, Ph.D." class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/31034455/9117014/10168166/s65_neo_lekgotla_laga.ramoupi_ph.d..jpg" />Professor Lekgotla laga Ramoupi, Ph.D.</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Journal of Higher Education in Africa</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper focuses on the indigenous African languages policy in educa- tion debates in post-apartheid South Africa, and provides a policy review of language in education in the past 20 years of liberation in the South Africa. The research problem is that the post-1994 governments of South Africa stated in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) that indigenous official African languages must be in the curricula of the education system. But the findings reflect that this constitutional mandate has not been accomplished in the twenty years of South Africa’s liberation. Conclusions drawn are that the former two official languages used in the education policies of the apartheid South Africa, i.e. English and Afrikaans, have continued to be used in pretended implementation of indigenous of- ficial African languages in the curricula of education of a free South Africa.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":105692050,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/106526590/3_African_Languages_Policy_in_the_Education_of_South_Africa_20_Years_of_Freedom_or_Subjugation"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":105692050,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/106526590/3_African_Languages_Policy_in_the_Education_of_South_Africa_20_Years_of_Freedom_or_Subjugation"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="105692050" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/106526590/3_African_Languages_Policy_in_the_Education_of_South_Africa_20_Years_of_Freedom_or_Subjugation" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="21836180" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21836180/African_Languages_Policy_in_the_Education_of_South_Africa_20_Years_of_Freedom_or_Subjugation">African Languages Policy in the Education of South Africa: 20 Years of Freedom or Subjugation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31034455" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/ProfessorLekgotlalagaRamoupiPhD">Professor Lekgotla laga Ramoupi, Ph.D.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper focuses on the indigenous African languages policy in education debates in post-apartheid South Africa, and provides a policy review of language in education in the past 20 years of liberation in the South Africa. The research problem is that the post-1994 governments of South Africa stated in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) that indigenous official African languages must be in the curricula of the education system. But the findings reflect that this constitutional mandate has not been accomplished in the twenty years of South Africa's liberation. Conclusions drawn are that the former two official languages used in the education policies of the apartheid South Africa, i.e. English and Afrikaans, have continued to be used in pretended implementation of indigenous official African languages in the curricula of education of a free South Africa. Résumé Cet article met l'accent sur la politique des langues africaines indigènes dans les débats sur l'enseignement en Afrique du Sud post apartheid et offre une revue de la politique de la langue dans l'éducation au cours des 20 dernières années passées de libération en Afrique du Sud. 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data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Unlocking the grid: language-in-education policy realisation in post-apartheid South Africa","attachmentId":58343186,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35400285/Unlocking_the_grid_language_in_education_policy_realisation_in_post_apartheid_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35400285/Unlocking_the_grid_language_in_education_policy_realisation_in_post_apartheid_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="75327971" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75327971/Language_Contact_Language_Policy_and_Education_in_South_Africa">Language Contact, Language Policy and Education in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="189271990" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntoniusPoppelaars">Antonius Poppelaars</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Languages users may cause violence and racism: in 1976, protests against the imposition of Afrikaans at South African schools&lt;br&gt; became a massacre when the police killed 172 native protesters. But, which language to choose as language of instruction since South Africa counts eleven official languages. Therefore, this paper discusses whether English should be South Africa&#39;s sole language of instruction, to stimulate the native population&#39;s presence at universities. To support the research, governmental documents on language policy and education have been examined. Also, the linguistic diversity of South African English through language contact has been described. South Africa&#39;s language policy underlines education in vernacular languages at public schools, whereas English is used at universities. This generates a low proficiency in English; therefore, many native South Africans do not enroll at universities. The result is once again an Apartheid-like segregation, w...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Language Contact, Language Policy and Education in South Africa","attachmentId":83140181,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75327971/Language_Contact_Language_Policy_and_Education_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75327971/Language_Contact_Language_Policy_and_Education_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="18744033" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18744033/FROM_POLICY_TO_PRACTICE_A_Study_of_the_Implementation_of_the_Language_in_Education_Policy_LiEP_in_three_South_African_Primary_Schools">FROM POLICY TO PRACTICE A Study of the Implementation of the Language-in-Education Policy (LiEP) in three South African Primary Schools</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1526660" href="https://oslomet.academia.edu/HallaHolmarsdottir">Halla Holmarsdottir</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"FROM POLICY TO PRACTICE A Study of the Implementation of the Language-in-Education Policy (LiEP) in three South African Primary Schools","attachmentId":40231538,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18744033/FROM_POLICY_TO_PRACTICE_A_Study_of_the_Implementation_of_the_Language_in_Education_Policy_LiEP_in_three_South_African_Primary_Schools","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18744033/FROM_POLICY_TO_PRACTICE_A_Study_of_the_Implementation_of_the_Language_in_Education_Policy_LiEP_in_three_South_African_Primary_Schools"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":105692050,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":105692050,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_105692050" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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