CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ionstraim - Wiktionary, the free dictionary</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwiktionarymwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"448e9dfe-3425-46c8-b05e-bd51c58b4b33","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ionstraim","wgTitle":"ionstraim","wgCurRevisionId":76359430,"wgRevisionId":76359430,"wgArticleId":9615516,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[ "Pages with entries","Pages with 1 entry","Irish terms derived from Middle Irish","Irish terms derived from Latin","Irish lemmas","Irish nouns","Irish feminine nouns","Irish second-declension nouns","ga:Law","ga:Musical instruments","ga:Tools"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ionstraim","wgRelevantArticleId":9615516,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wiktionary","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":600,"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":false,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.LanguagesAndScripts":"ready","ext.gadget.Palette":"ready","ext.gadget.Site":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.LegacyScripts","ext.gadget.DocTabs","ext.gadget.RevdelInfo","ext.gadget.PagePreviews","ext.gadget.Edittools","ext.gadget.defaultVisibilityToggles","ext.gadget.UnsupportedTitles","ext.gadget.WiktGadgetPrefs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.LanguagesAndScripts%2CPalette%2CSite&only=styles&skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Wiktionary"> <meta property="og:title" content="ionstraim - Wiktionary, the free dictionary"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/ionstraim"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wiktionary/en.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wiktionary/en.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wiktionary (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wiktionary.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ionstraim"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wiktionary Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ionstraim rootpage-ionstraim skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ionstraim</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info">Archived revision by <a href="/wiki/User:Mahagaja" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Mahagaja" data-mw-revid="76359430"><bdi>Mahagaja</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Mahagaja" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Mahagaja">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Mahagaja" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Mahagaja">contribs</a>)</span> as of 19:51, 16 October 2023.</div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Irish"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Irish</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Alternative_forms"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Alternative forms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Noun"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Noun</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Declension"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Declension</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Mutation"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Mutation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irish">Irish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Irish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_forms">Alternative forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alternative forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=instr%C3%BAim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="instrúim (page does not exist)">instrúim</a></span> <span class="ib-brac">(</span><span class="ib-content"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#obsolete" title="Appendix:Glossary">obsolete</a></span><span class="ib-brac">)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Irish" class="extiw" title="w:Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="mga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=instrumint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="instrumint (page does not exist)">instrumint</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/instrumentum#Latin" title="instrumentum">īnstrūmentum</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun">Noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Noun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="ga">ionstraim</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (<i>genitive singular</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ionstraime (page does not exist)">ionstraime</a></b>, <i>nominative plural</i> <b class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ionstraimí (page does not exist)">ionstraimí</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/instrument" title="instrument">instrument</a> <span class="gloss-brac">(</span><span class="gloss-content"><span class="Latn" lang="en">musical device; tool; legal document</span></span><span class="gloss-brac">)</span> <dl><dd><span class="nyms synonym"><span class="defdate">Synonyms:</span> <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/gl%C3%A9as#Irish" title="gléas">gléas</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/uirlis#Irish" title="uirlis">uirlis</a></span></span></dd></dl></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Declension">Declension</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Declension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82739966">.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper{padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue);border:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper.inflection-table-narrow{}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper.inflection-table-no-title{border:0;padding:0}@media all and (max-width:639px){.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper.inflection-table-narrow{overflow:auto;max-width:100%;width:auto!important}}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper table{display:table;width:100%;margin:0;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-6);background:var(--wikt-palette-white)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper caption{display:table-caption;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue);text-align:left;font-size:95%;padding:0.1em 0.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper td,.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper th{padding:0.15em 0.6em;border:solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-6);border-width:0 1px 1px 0}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper td:not(.secondary):not(.separator),.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper th:not(.secondary):not(.separator){min-width:5em}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper td.secondary{background:var(--wikt-palette-lightergrey)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper th.secondary,.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper th.outer{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper .separator{height:0.5em;width:0.5em;min-height:0.5em;min-width:0.5em;padding:0;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper .separator[rowspan]{border-top:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-paleblue);border-bottom:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-paleblue)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper .separator[colspan]{border-left:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-paleblue);border-right:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-paleblue)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper table+p{padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-wrapper>p{text-align:left;margin:0.2em 0.5em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsed table,.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsed td,.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsed th{border-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsed tbody{visibility:collapse}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsed caption{margin-bottom:-0.15em}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsed>p{display:none}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsible.no-vc.inflection-table-collapsed{max-height:1.5em;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsible.no-vc.inflection-table-collapsed tbody{visibility:hidden}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-collapsible.no-vc caption{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .no-vc-spacer{display:inline-block;width:4em}.mw-parser-output .translit-on-own-line span.tr{display:block}.mw-parser-output .translit-on-own-line span.mention-gloss-paren{display:none}.mw-parser-output .translit-on-own-line span.tr+span+br{display:none}.mw-parser-output .inflection-box>table{background:none;border:0}.mw-parser-output .inflection-box>table>tbody>tr>td{padding:0 0.2em;border:0;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .inflection-box .inflection-table-wrapper{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin:0.2em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .inflection-box .inflection-table-wrapper>table.inflection-table{background:var(--wikt-palette-white)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-box.flow-vertical .inflection-table-wrapper{display:block;width:auto!important}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-red.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-red-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-red th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-red-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-red th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-red-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-scarlet.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-scarlet-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-scarlet th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-scarlet-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-scarlet th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-scarlet-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-orange.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-orange-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-orange th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-orange-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-orange th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-orange-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-amber.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-amber-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-amber th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-amber-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-amber th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-amber-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-yellow.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-yellow-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-yellow th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-yellow-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-yellow th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-yellow-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-lime.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lime-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-lime th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lime-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-lime th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lime-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-green.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-green-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-green th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-green-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-green th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-green-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-teal.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-teal-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-teal th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-teal-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-teal th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-teal-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-cyan.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-cyan-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-cyan th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-cyan-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-cyan th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-cyan-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-blue.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-blue-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-blue th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-blue-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-blue th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-blue-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-indigo.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-indigo th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-indigo th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-purple.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-purple-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-purple th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-purple-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-purple th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-purple-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-magenta.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-magenta-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-magenta th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-magenta-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-magenta th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-magenta-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-rose.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-rose-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-rose th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-rose-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-rose th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-rose-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-grey.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-grey-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-grey th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-grey-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-grey th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-grey-4)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-brown.inflection-table-no-title table{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-brown-0)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-brown th{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-brown-2)}.mw-parser-output .inflection-table-brown th.outer{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-brown-4)}</style> <div class="inflection-table-wrapper inflection-box inflection-table-narrow inflection-table-collapsible inflection-table-collapsed no-vc" style="width: fit-content"> <table class="inflection-box-content"> <caption class="inflection-table-title">Declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">ionstraim</i> (<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Irish_second-declension_nouns" title="Appendix:Irish second-declension nouns">second declension</a>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="inflection-table-wrapper inflection-table-narrow inflection-table-green inflection-table-no-title" style="width: fit-content" data-toggle-category="inflection"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82739966"> <table class="inflection-table"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" class="outer">bare forms </th></tr> <tr> <th>case </th> <th>singular </th> <th>plural </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/nominative" title="nominative">nominative</a> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><strong class="selflink">ionstraim</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ionstraimí (page does not exist)">ionstraimí</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/vocative" title="vocative">vocative</a> </td> <td>a <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><strong class="selflink">ionstraim</strong></span> </td> <td>a <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ionstraimí (page does not exist)">ionstraimí</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/genitive" title="genitive">genitive</a> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ionstraime (page does not exist)">ionstraime</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ionstraimí (page does not exist)">ionstraimí</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/dative" title="dative">dative</a> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><strong class="selflink">ionstraim</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ionstraimí (page does not exist)">ionstraimí</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="inflection-table-wrapper inflection-table-narrow inflection-table-green inflection-table-no-title" style="width: fit-content" data-toggle-category="inflection"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82739966"> <table class="inflection-table"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" class="outer">forms with the <a href="/wiki/definite_article" title="definite article">definite article</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>case </th> <th>singular </th> <th>plural </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/nominative" title="nominative">nominative</a> </td> <td>an <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><strong class="selflink">ionstraim</strong></span> </td> <td>na <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=hionstraim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="hionstraimí (page does not exist)">hionstraimí</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/genitive" title="genitive">genitive</a> </td> <td>na <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=hionstraime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="hionstraime (page does not exist)">hionstraime</a></span> </td> <td>na <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=n-ionstraim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="n-ionstraimí (page does not exist)">n-ionstraimí</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/dative" title="dative">dative</a> </td> <td>leis an <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><strong class="selflink">ionstraim</strong></span><br />don <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><strong class="selflink">ionstraim</strong></span> </td> <td>leis na <span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=hionstraim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="hionstraimí (page does not exist)">hionstraimí</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mutation">Mutation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mutation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="inflection-table-wrapper inflection-table-narrow inflection-table-orange" style="width: fit-content" data-toggle-category="inflection"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82739966"> <table class="inflection-table"> <caption class="inflection-table-title"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Irish_mutations" title="Appendix:Irish mutations">Mutated forms</a> of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">ionstraim</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>radical</th> <th>eclipsis</th> <th>with <i>h</i>-prothesis</th> <th>with <i>t</i>-prothesis </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><strong class="selflink">ionstraim</strong></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=n-ionstraim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="n-ionstraim (page does not exist)">n-ionstraim</a></span> </td> <td><span class="Latn" lang="ga"><a href="/w/index.php?title=hionstraim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="hionstraim (page does not exist)">hionstraim</a></span> </td> <td><i>not applicable</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p style="font-size:85%;"><i>Note:</i> Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.<br />All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.</p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79053813">.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-alpha ol{list-style:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-upper-alpha ol{list-style:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-roman ol{list-style:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-upper-roman ol{list-style:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-greek ol{list-style:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-disc ol{list-style:disc}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-square ol{list-style:square}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-none ol{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .reflist.nobacklinks .mw-cite-backlink,.mw-parser-output .reflist.nobacklinks li>a{display:none}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-xx-small ol{font-size:xx-small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-x-small ol{font-size:x-small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-smaller ol{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-small ol{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-medium ol{font-size:medium}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-large ol{font-size:large}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-larger ol{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-x-large ol{font-size:x-large}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-xx-large ol{font-size:xx-large}.mw-parser-output .reflist[data-column-count="2"] .mw-references-wrap{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist[data-column-count="3"] .mw-references-wrap{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist[data-column-count="4"] .mw-references-wrap{column-count:4}.mw-parser-output .reflist[data-column-count="5"] .mw-references-wrap{column-count:5}</style><div class="reflist font-size-smaller"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (<span class="None" lang="und">2019</span>), “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dil.ie/28912">instrúim</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_Irish_Language" class="extiw" title="w:Dictionary of the Irish Language">eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language</a></cite></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation-whole"><span class="cited-source">Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (<span class="None" lang="und">2019</span>), “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dil.ie/28913">in(n)struimint, indstraimint, in(n)strum(a)int</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_Irish_Language" class="extiw" title="w:Dictionary of the Irish Language">eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language</a></cite></span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&oldid=76359430">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&oldid=76359430</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_terms_derived_from_Middle_Irish" title="Category:Irish terms derived from Middle Irish">Irish terms derived from Middle Irish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_terms_derived_from_Latin" title="Category:Irish terms derived from Latin">Irish terms derived from Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_lemmas" title="Category:Irish lemmas">Irish lemmas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_nouns" title="Category:Irish nouns">Irish nouns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_feminine_nouns" title="Category:Irish feminine nouns">Irish feminine nouns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_second-declension_nouns" title="Category:Irish second-declension nouns">Irish second-declension nouns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ga:Law" title="Category:ga:Law">ga:Law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ga:Musical_instruments" title="Category:ga:Musical instruments">ga:Musical instruments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ga:Tools" title="Category:ga:Tools">ga:Tools</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_entries" title="Category:Pages with entries">Pages with entries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_1_entry" title="Category:Pages with 1 entry">Pages with 1 entry</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="The user page for the IP address you are editing as">Not logged in</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=ionstraim&returntoquery=oldid%3D76359430" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=ionstraim&returntoquery=oldid%3D76359430" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ionstraim" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Entry</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ionstraim&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion about the content page (page does not exist) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ionstraim"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>History</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">More</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >Search</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wiktionary" aria-label="Search Wiktionary" autocapitalize="none" title="Search Wiktionary [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Search the pages for this text" value="Search"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Navigation</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-text" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page"><span>Main Page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-requestedarticles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Requested_entries"><span>Requested entries</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random entry</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to find out"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-Glossary" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary"><span>Glossary</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wiktionary.org&uselang=en" title="Support us"><span>Donations</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/ionstraim" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/ionstraim" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=en" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&oldid=76359430" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=ionstraim&id=76359430&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3Dionstraim%26oldid%3D76359430"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3Dionstraim%26oldid%3D76359430"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" > <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Print/export</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=ionstraim"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=ionstraim&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other projects</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In other languages</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2023, at 19:51.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Definitions and other text are available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy.</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:About">About Wiktionary</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wiktionary.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ionstraim&oldid=76359430&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"codex-search-styles\".\n[1.43] Use a CodexModule with codexComponents to set your specific components used: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex#Using_a_limited_subset_of_components");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-gvmdc","wgBackendResponseTime":105,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.379","walltime":"0.556","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1164,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":18061,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2139,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":36567,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 535.512 1 -total"," 28.11% 150.542 1 Template:ga-decl-f2"," 27.43% 146.871 1 Template:ga-decl-noun"," 22.89% 122.554 1 Template:alt"," 21.06% 112.802 2 Template:der"," 15.32% 82.029 1 Template:inflection-box-top"," 12.55% 67.223 1 Template:reflist"," 10.02% 53.651 2 Template:R:DIL"," 9.67% 51.797 2 Template:cite-book"," 7.14% 38.216 15 Template:l-self"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.211","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11120904,"limit":104857600}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-f9nqr","timestamp":"20241125142515","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>