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<span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydride_ion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydride_ion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hydride ion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydride_ion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_hydrides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_hydrides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types of hydrides</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_hydrides-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of hydrides subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_hydrides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ionic_hydrides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ionic_hydrides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ionic hydrides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ionic_hydrides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Covalent_hydrides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Covalent_hydrides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Covalent hydrides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Covalent_hydrides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interstitial_hydrides_or_metallic_hydrides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interstitial_hydrides_or_metallic_hydrides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Interstitial hydrides or metallic hydrides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interstitial_hydrides_or_metallic_hydrides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_metal_hydride_complexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_metal_hydride_complexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Transition metal hydride complexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_metal_hydride_complexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Protides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deuterides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deuterides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Deuterides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deuterides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tritides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tritides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Tritides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tritides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mixed_anion_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mixed_anion_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Mixed anion compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mixed_anion_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appendix_on_nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appendix_on_nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Appendix on nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Appendix_on_nomenclature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Appendix on nomenclature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Appendix_on_nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Precedence_convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precedence_convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Precedence convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precedence_convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydride</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidried" title="Hidried – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hidried" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="هيدريد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيدريد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Гідрыды – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гідрыды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Хидрид – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хидрид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrid" title="Hidrid – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hidrid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrur" title="Hidrur – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hidrur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydridy" title="Hydridy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hydridy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrid" title="Hydrid – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hydrid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydride" title="Hydride – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hydride" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCdriidid" title="Hüdriidid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hüdriidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Υδρίδια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδρίδια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidruro" title="Hidruro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidruro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrido" title="Hidrido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hidrido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="هیدرید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیدرید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrure" title="Hydrure – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydrure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%ADd" title="Hidríd – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hidríd" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="수소화물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수소화물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հիդրիդներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիդրիդներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="हाइड्राइड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइड्राइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidridi" title="Hidridi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hidridi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrida" title="Hidrida – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidrida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idruro" title="Idruro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idruro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93" title="הידריד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הידריד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჰიდრიდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰიდრიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гидридтер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гидридтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C4%ABdi" title="Hidrīdi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hidrīdi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidridek" title="Hidridek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hidridek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Хидрид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хидрид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydride" title="Hydride – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hydride" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="水素化合物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水素化合物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gidridlar" title="Gidridlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gidridlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrid" title="Hydrid – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hydrid" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wodorki" title="Wodorki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wodorki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidreto" title="Hidreto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hidreto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrur%C4%83" title="Hidrură – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hidrură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Гидриды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидриды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydride" title="Hydride – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hydride" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrid_(zl%C3%BA%C4%8Denina)" title="Hydrid (zlúčenina) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydrid (zlúčenina)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrid" title="Hidrid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hidrid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrid" title="Hidrid – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hidrid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrid" title="Hidrid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hidrid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydridi" title="Hydridi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hydridi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrid" title="Hydrid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hydrid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮไดรด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮไดรด์" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about binary compounds of hydrogen with another element. For the anion of hydrogen, see <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_anion" title="Hydrogen anion">Hydrogen anion</a>.</div><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Molecule with a hydrogen bound to a more electropositive element or group</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, a <b>hydride</b> is formally the <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> (H<sup>−</sup>), a hydrogen ion with two electrons.<sup id="cite_ref-hydron_Also_contains_definitions_of:_hydride,_hydro_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hydron_Also_contains_definitions_of:_hydride,_hydro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and has been more frequently in the past) applied to all <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compounds</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Covalent_bond" title="Covalent bond">covalently bound</a> H <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a>. In this broad and potentially archaic sense, <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O) is a hydride of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> is a hydride of <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, etc. In covalent compounds, it implies hydrogen is attached to a less <a href="/wiki/Electronegative" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronegative">electronegative</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">element</a>. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NaH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/NaH.jpg/220px-NaH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/NaH.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption>Sodium hydride as an example of hydride salt</figcaption></figure> <p>Almost all of the elements form <a href="/wiki/Binary_compounds_of_hydrogen" title="Binary compounds of hydrogen">binary compounds with hydrogen</a>, the exceptions being <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Massey2000_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massey2000-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-redbook2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redbook2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Exotic_atom#exotic_molecules" title="Exotic atom">Exotic molecules</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Positronium_hydride" title="Positronium hydride">positronium hydride</a> have also been made. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bonds">Bonds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bonds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bonds between hydrogen and the other elements range from being highly ionic to somewhat covalent. Some hydrides, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Boranes" title="Boranes">boron hydrides</a>, do not conform to classical <a href="/wiki/Electron_counting" title="Electron counting">electron counting</a> rules and the bonding is described in terms of multi-centered bonds, whereas the interstitial hydrides often involve <a href="/wiki/Metallic_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Metallic bond">metallic bonding</a>. Hydrides can be discrete <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oligomer" title="Oligomer">oligomers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ionic_solid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic solid">ionic solids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemisorption" title="Chemisorption">chemisorbed</a> monolayers,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> bulk metals (interstitial), or other materials. While hydrides traditionally react as <a href="/wiki/Lewis_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis base">Lewis bases</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reducing_agent" title="Reducing agent">reducing agents</a>, some metal hydrides behave as hydrogen-atom donors and act as acids. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TTMSS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/TTMSS.png/200px-TTMSS.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/TTMSS.png/300px-TTMSS.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/TTMSS.png/400px-TTMSS.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane" title="Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane">Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane</a> is an example of a hydride with a weak bond to H. It is used as a source of hydrogen atoms.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katalysezyklus-Wilkinson.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Katalysezyklus-Wilkinson.png/370px-Katalysezyklus-Wilkinson.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Katalysezyklus-Wilkinson.png/555px-Katalysezyklus-Wilkinson.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Katalysezyklus-Wilkinson.png/740px-Katalysezyklus-Wilkinson.png 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="2679" /></a><figcaption>Metal hydrides (e.g. H<sub>2</sub>RhCl(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> derived from <a href="/wiki/Wilkinson%27s_catalyst" title="Wilkinson's catalyst">Wilkinson's catalyst</a>) are intermediates in hydrogenation catalysis.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Hydrides such as <a href="/wiki/Sodium_borohydride" title="Sodium borohydride">sodium borohydride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithium_aluminium_hydride" title="Lithium aluminium hydride">lithium aluminium hydride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diisobutylaluminium_hydride" title="Diisobutylaluminium hydride">diisobutylaluminium hydride</a> (DIBAL) and <a href="/wiki/Super_hydride" class="mw-redirect" title="Super hydride">super hydride</a>, are commonly used as <a href="/wiki/Reducing_agent" title="Reducing agent">reducing agents</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">chemical synthesis</a>. The hydride adds to an electrophilic center, typically unsaturated carbon.</li> <li>Hydrides such as <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydride" title="Sodium hydride">sodium hydride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydride" title="Potassium hydride">potassium hydride</a> are used as strong <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">bases</a> in <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">organic synthesis</a>. The hydride reacts with the weak <a href="/wiki/Bronsted_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronsted acid">Bronsted acid</a> releasing H<sub>2</sub>.</li> <li>Hydrides such as <a href="/wiki/Calcium_hydride" title="Calcium hydride">calcium hydride</a> are used as <a href="/wiki/Desiccant" title="Desiccant">desiccants</a>, i.e. drying agents, to remove trace water from organic solvents. The hydride reacts with water forming <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a> salt. The dry solvent can then be distilled or vacuum transferred from the "solvent pot".</li> <li>Hydrides are important in storage battery technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Nickel-metal_hydride_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel-metal hydride battery">nickel-metal hydride battery</a>. Various metal hydrides have been examined for use as a means of hydrogen storage for <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cell</a>-powered electric cars and other purposed aspects of a <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_economy" title="Hydrogen economy">hydrogen economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Hydride complexes are catalysts and catalytic intermediates in a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic cycles. Important examples include <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenation" title="Hydrogenation">hydrogenation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroformylation" title="Hydroformylation">hydroformylation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrosilylation" title="Hydrosilylation">hydrosilylation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrodesulfurization" title="Hydrodesulfurization">hydrodesulfurization</a> catalysts. Even certain enzymes, the <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenase" title="Hydrogenase">hydrogenase</a>, operate via hydride intermediates. The energy carrier <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide">nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide</a> reacts as a hydride donor or hydride equivalent.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydride_ion">Hydride ion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hydride ion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_anion" title="Hydrogen anion">Hydrogen anion</a></div> <p>Free hydride anions exist only under extreme conditions and are not invoked for homogeneous solution. Instead, many compounds have hydrogen centres with hydridic character. </p><p>Aside from <a href="/wiki/Electride" title="Electride">electride</a>, the hydride ion is the simplest possible <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a>, consisting of two <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a>. Hydrogen has a relatively low <a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity" title="Electron affinity">electron affinity</a>, 72.77 kJ/mol and reacts exothermically with protons as a powerful <a href="/wiki/Lewis_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis base">Lewis base</a>. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H- + H+ -> H2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H- + H+ -> H2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33a1a86d9d19f671f213d7f5aa1b04c79d2123c7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.241ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H- + H+ -> H2}}}" /></span><span style="padding-left:3em;"> </span><span class="texhtml"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">Δ<i>H</i></a> = −1676 kJ/mol</span></dd></dl> <p>The low electron affinity of hydrogen and the strength of the H–H bond (<span class="texhtml">Δ<i>H</i><sub>BE</sub> = 436 kJ/mol</span>) means that the hydride ion would also be a strong <a href="/wiki/Reducing_agent" title="Reducing agent">reducing agent</a> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 + 2e- <=> 2H-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 + 2e- <=> 2H-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5675c7201c9f32458798df2c7416b686f813c421" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:19.182ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 + 2e- <=> 2H-}}}" /></span><span style="padding-left:3em;"> </span><span class="texhtml"><a href="/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential" title="Standard electrode potential"><i>E</i><sup>⊖</sup></a> = −2.25 V</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_hydrides">Types of hydrides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types of hydrides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the general definition, every element of the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a> (except some <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gases</a>) forms one or more hydrides. These substances have been classified into three main types according to the nature of their <a href="/wiki/Chemical_bond" title="Chemical bond">bonding</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Ionic hydrides</i>, which have significant <a href="/wiki/Ionic_bonding" title="Ionic bonding">ionic bonding</a> character.</li> <li><i>Covalent hydrides</i>, which include the hydrocarbons and many other compounds which <a href="/wiki/Covalent_bond" title="Covalent bond">covalently bond</a> to hydrogen atoms.</li> <li><i>Interstitial hydrides</i>, which may be described as having <a href="/wiki/Metallic_bonding" title="Metallic bonding">metallic bonding</a>.</li></ul> <p>While these divisions have not been used universally, they are still useful to understand differences in hydrides. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ionic_hydrides">Ionic hydrides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ionic hydrides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are stoichiometric compounds of hydrogen. Ionic or saline hydrides are composed of hydride bound to an electropositive metal, generally an <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth metal</a>. The divalent <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">lanthanides</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">ytterbium</a> form compounds similar to those of heavier alkaline earth metals. In these materials the hydride is viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Pseudohalide" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudohalide">pseudohalide</a>. Saline hydrides are insoluble in conventional solvents, reflecting their non-molecular structures. Ionic hydrides are used as bases and, occasionally, as reducing <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reagents</a> in <a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">organic synthesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Acetophenone" title="Acetophenone">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C(O)CH<sub>3</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydride" title="Potassium hydride">KH</a> → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C(O)CH<sub>2</sub>K + H<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Typical solvents for such reactions are <a href="/wiki/Ethers" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethers">ethers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Protic_solvent" title="Protic solvent">protic solvents</a> cannot serve as a medium for ionic hydrides because the hydride ion is a stronger <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">base</a> than <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a> and most <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl">hydroxyl</a> anions. Hydrogen gas is liberated in a typical acid-base reaction. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaH + H2O -> H2_{(g)}{}+ NaOH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NaH</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NaH + H2O -> H2_{(g)}{}+ NaOH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79239ee74aad094fd73cf5f7ac5996850c6cf901" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.505ex; width:31.386ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NaH + H2O -> H2_{(g)}{}+ NaOH}}}" /></span></dd> <dd>Δ<i>H</i> = −83.6 kJ/mol, <a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy" title="Gibbs free energy">Δ<i>G</i></a> = −109.0 kJ/mol</dd></dl> <p>Often alkali metal hydrides react with metal halides. <a href="/wiki/Lithium_aluminium_hydride" title="Lithium aluminium hydride">Lithium aluminium hydride</a> (often abbreviated as LAH) arises from reactions of <a href="/wiki/Lithium_hydride" title="Lithium hydride">lithium hydride</a> with <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_chloride" title="Aluminium chloride">aluminium chloride</a>. </p> <dl><dd>4 <a href="/wiki/Lithium_hydride" title="Lithium hydride">LiH</a> + AlCl<sub>3</sub> → LiAlH<sub>4</sub> + 3 LiCl</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Covalent_hydrides">Covalent hydrides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Covalent hydrides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to some definitions, covalent hydrides cover all other compounds containing hydrogen. Some definitions limit hydrides to hydrogen centres that formally react as hydrides, i.e. are nucleophilic, and hydrogen atoms bound to metal centers. These hydrides are formed by all the true non-metals (except zero group elements) and the elements like Al, Ga, Sn, Pb, Bi, Po, etc., which are normally metallic in nature, i.e., this class includes the hydrides of p-block elements. In these substances the hydride bond is formally a <a href="/wiki/Covalent_bond" title="Covalent bond">covalent bond</a> much like the bond made by a proton in a <a href="/wiki/Weak_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Weak acid">weak acid</a>. This category includes hydrides that exist as discrete molecules, polymers or oligomers, and hydrogen that has been chem-adsorbed to a surface. A particularly important segment of covalent hydrides are <a href="/wiki/Complex_metal_hydride" title="Complex metal hydride">complex metal hydrides</a>, powerful soluble hydrides commonly used in synthetic procedures. </p><p>Molecular hydrides often involve additional ligands; for example, <a href="/wiki/Diisobutylaluminium_hydride" title="Diisobutylaluminium hydride">diisobutylaluminium hydride</a> (DIBAL) consists of two aluminum centers bridged by hydride ligands. Hydrides that are soluble in common solvents are widely used in organic synthesis. Particularly common are <a href="/wiki/Sodium_borohydride" title="Sodium borohydride">sodium borohydride</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">NaBH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Lithium_aluminium_hydride" title="Lithium aluminium hydride">lithium aluminium hydride</a> and hindered reagents such as DIBAL. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interstitial_hydrides_or_metallic_hydrides">Interstitial hydrides or metallic hydrides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Interstitial hydrides or metallic hydrides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metal_Hydride_for_Hydrogen_Storage-Ovonic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Metal_Hydride_for_Hydrogen_Storage-Ovonic.jpg/220px-Metal_Hydride_for_Hydrogen_Storage-Ovonic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Metal_Hydride_for_Hydrogen_Storage-Ovonic.jpg/330px-Metal_Hydride_for_Hydrogen_Storage-Ovonic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Metal_Hydride_for_Hydrogen_Storage-Ovonic.jpg/440px-Metal_Hydride_for_Hydrogen_Storage-Ovonic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Metal hydride for hydrogen storage applications</figcaption></figure> <p>Interstitial hydrides most commonly exist within metals or alloys. They are traditionally termed "compounds" even though they do not strictly conform to the definition of a compound, more closely resembling common alloys such as steel. In such hydrides, hydrogen can exist as either atomic or diatomic entities. Mechanical or thermal processing, such as bending, striking, or annealing, may cause the hydrogen to precipitate out of solution by degassing. Their bonding is generally considered <a href="/wiki/Metallic_bonding" title="Metallic bonding">metallic</a>. Such bulk transition metals form interstitial binary hydrides when exposed to hydrogen. These systems are usually <a href="/wiki/Non-stoichiometric_compound" title="Non-stoichiometric compound">non-stoichiometric</a>, with variable amounts of hydrogen atoms in the lattice. In materials engineering, the phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_embrittlement" title="Hydrogen embrittlement">hydrogen embrittlement</a> results from the formation of interstitial hydrides. Hydrides of this type form according to either one of two main mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the adsorption of dihydrogen, succeeded by the cleaving of the H-H bond, the delocalisation of the hydrogen's electrons, and finally the diffusion of the protons into the metal lattice. The other main mechanism involves the electrolytic reduction of ionised hydrogen on the surface of the metal lattice, also followed by the diffusion of the protons into the lattice. The second mechanism is responsible for the observed temporary volume expansion of certain electrodes used in electrolytic experiments. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> absorbs up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen at room temperatures, forming <a href="/wiki/Palladium_hydride" title="Palladium hydride">palladium hydride</a>. This material has been discussed as a means to carry hydrogen for vehicular <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cells</a>. Interstitial hydrides show certain promise as a way for safe <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_storage" title="Hydrogen storage">hydrogen storage</a>. Neutron diffraction studies have shown that hydrogen atoms randomly occupy the octahedral interstices in the metal lattice (in an fcc lattice there is one octahedral hole per metal atom). The limit of absorption at normal pressures is PdH0.7, indicating that approximately 70% of the octahedral holes are occupied.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many interstitial hydrides have been developed that readily absorb and discharge hydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. They are usually based on <a href="/wiki/Intermetallic" title="Intermetallic">intermetallic</a> compounds and solid-solution alloys. However, their application is still limited, as they are capable of storing only about 2 weight percent of hydrogen, insufficient for automotive applications.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAHCRU.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/PAHCRU.png/220px-PAHCRU.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/PAHCRU.png/330px-PAHCRU.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/PAHCRU.png/440px-PAHCRU.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption>Structure of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">[HRu<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>(CO)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">18</sub>]<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span>, a metal cluster with an interstitial hydride ligand (small turquoise sphere at center).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_metal_hydride_complexes">Transition metal hydride complexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transition metal hydride complexes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_hydride" title="Transition metal hydride">Transition metal hydride</a></div> <p>Transition metal hydrides include compounds that can be classified as <i>covalent hydrides</i>. Some are even classified as interstitial hydrides<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and other bridging hydrides. Classical transition metal hydride feature a single bond between the hydrogen centre and the transition metal. Some transition metal hydrides are acidic, e.g., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">HCo(CO)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Fe(CO)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span>. The anions <a href="/wiki/Potassium_nonahydridorhenate" title="Potassium nonahydridorhenate">potassium nonahydridorhenate</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">[ReH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">9</sub>]<sup>2−</sup></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410" /><span class="chemf nowrap">[FeH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>]<sup>4−</sup></span> are examples from the growing collection of known molecular <a href="/wiki/Homoleptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoleptic">homoleptic</a> metal hydrides.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/Pseudohalide" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudohalide">pseudohalides</a>, hydride ligands are capable of bonding with positively polarized hydrogen centres. This interaction, called <a href="/wiki/Dihydrogen_bond" title="Dihydrogen bond">dihydrogen bonding</a>, is similar to <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bonding" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen bonding">hydrogen bonding</a>, which exists between positively polarized protons and electronegative atoms with open lone pairs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protides">Protides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Protides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrides containing <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen#Hydrogen-1_(Protium)" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">protium</a> are known as <i>protides</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deuterides">Deuterides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Deuterides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrides containing <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> are known as <i>deuterides</i>. Some deuterides, such as <a href="/wiki/Lithium_deuteride" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium deuteride">LiD</a>, are important fusion fuels in <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">thermonuclear weapons</a> and useful moderators in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tritides">Tritides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tritides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrides containing <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> are known as <i>tritides.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mixed_anion_compounds">Mixed anion compounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mixed anion compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mixed_anion_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed anion compounds">Mixed anion compounds</a> exist that contain hydride with other anions. These include boride hydrides, <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrides">carbohydrides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydridonitrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydridonitrides">hydridonitrides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxyhydrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyhydrides">oxyhydrides</a> and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appendix_on_nomenclature">Appendix on nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Appendix on nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Protide</i>, <i>deuteride</i> and <i>tritide</i> are used to describe ions or compounds that contain <a href="/wiki/Isotopic_enrichment" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotopic enrichment">enriched</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen-1">hydrogen-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a>, respectively. </p><p>In the classic meaning, hydride refers to any <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compound</a> hydrogen forms with other elements, ranging over <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic table group">groups</a> 1–16 (the <a href="/wiki/Binary_compounds_of_hydrogen" title="Binary compounds of hydrogen">binary compounds of hydrogen</a>). The following is a list of the nomenclature for the hydride derivatives of main group compounds according to this definition:<sup id="cite_ref-redbook2005_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redbook2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth</a> metals: metal hydride</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a>: <a href="/wiki/Borane" title="Borane">borane</a>, BH<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_hydride" title="Aluminium hydride">alumane</a>, AlH<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gallane" title="Gallane">gallane</a>, GaH<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">indium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indigane" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigane">indigane</a>, InH<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thallane" title="Thallane">thallane</a>, TlH<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alkane" title="Alkane">alkanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkene" title="Alkene">alkenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkyne" title="Alkyne">alkynes</a>, and all <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Silane" title="Silane">silane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Germane" title="Germane">germane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stannane" title="Stannane">stannane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>: <a href="/wiki/Plumbane" title="Plumbane">plumbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> ("azane" when <a href="/wiki/Substituent" title="Substituent">substituted</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">hydrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Phosphine" title="Phosphine">phosphine</a> (note "phosphane" is the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry_2005" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005">IUPAC</a> recommended name)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arsine" title="Arsine">arsine</a> (note "arsane" is the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry_2005" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005">IUPAC</a> recommended name)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stibine" title="Stibine">stibine</a> (note "stibane" is the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry_2005" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005">IUPAC</a> recommended name)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bismuthine" title="Bismuthine">bismuthine</a> (note "bismuthane" is the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_inorganic_chemistry_2005" title="IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005">IUPAC</a> recommended name)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helium_hydride_ion" title="Helium hydride ion">helium hydride</a> (only exists as an ion)</li></ul> <p>According to the convention above, the following are "hydrogen compounds" and not "hydrides":<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>: <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_water" title="Properties of water">water</a> ("oxidane" when substituted; synonym: hydrogen oxide), <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a> ("sulfane" when substituted)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_selenide" title="Hydrogen selenide">hydrogen selenide</a> ("selane" when substituted)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_telluride" title="Hydrogen telluride">hydrogen telluride</a> ("tellane" when substituted)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_polonide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen polonide">hydrogen polonide</a> ("polane" when substituted)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogens</a>: hydrogen halides</li></ul> <p>Examples: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_hydride" title="Nickel hydride">nickel hydride</a>: used in <a href="/wiki/NiMH_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="NiMH battery">NiMH batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium_hydride" title="Palladium hydride">palladium hydride</a>: electrodes in <a href="/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion">cold fusion</a> experiments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_aluminium_hydride" title="Lithium aluminium hydride">lithium aluminium hydride</a>: a powerful reducing agent used in organic chemistry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_borohydride" title="Sodium borohydride">sodium borohydride</a>: selective specialty reducing agent, hydrogen storage in <a href="/wiki/Direct_borohydride_fuel_cell" title="Direct borohydride fuel cell">fuel cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydride" title="Sodium hydride">sodium hydride</a>: a powerful base used in organic chemistry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diborane" title="Diborane">diborane</a>: reducing agent, rocket fuel, semiconductor dopant, catalyst, used in organic synthesis; also <a href="/wiki/Borane" title="Borane">borane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentaborane" title="Pentaborane">pentaborane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decaborane" title="Decaborane">decaborane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsine" title="Arsine">arsine</a>: used for <a href="/wiki/Doping_(semiconductor)" title="Doping (semiconductor)">doping</a> <a href="/wiki/Semiconductors" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductors">semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stibine" title="Stibine">stibine</a>: used in <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> industry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphine" title="Phosphine">phosphine</a>: used for <a href="/wiki/Fumigation" title="Fumigation">fumigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silane" title="Silane">silane</a>: many industrial uses, e.g. manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Composite_material" title="Composite material">composite materials</a> and water repellents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">coolant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a>, many other industrial uses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a>: component of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, important source of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a></li> <li>Chemically, even <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbons</a> could be considered hydrides.</li></ul> <p>All metalloid hydrides are highly flammable. All solid non-metallic hydrides except <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> are highly flammable. But when hydrogen combines with halogens it produces acids rather than hydrides, and they are not flammable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precedence_convention">Precedence convention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Precedence convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_inorganic_nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC inorganic nomenclature">IUPAC convention</a>, by precedence (stylized electronegativity), hydrogen falls between <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen group">group 15</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">group 16</a> elements. Therefore, we have NH<sub>3</sub>, "nitrogen hydride" (ammonia), versus H<sub>2</sub>O, "hydrogen oxide" (water). This convention is sometimes broken for polonium, which on the grounds of polonium's metallicity is often referred to as "polonium hydride" instead of the expected "hydrogen polonide". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parent_hydride" title="Parent hydride">Parent hydride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydron_(chemistry)" title="Hydron (chemistry)">Hydron</a> (hydrogen cation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronium" title="Hydronium">Hydronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_ion" title="Hydrogen ion">Hydrogen ion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydride_compressor" title="Hydride compressor">Hydride compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhydrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhydrides">Superhydrides</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hydron_Also_contains_definitions_of:_hydride,_hydro-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hydron_Also_contains_definitions_of:_hydride,_hydro_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/H02904">"hydron (H02904)"</a>. <i>IUPAC</i>. 24 February 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.H02904">10.1351/goldbook.H02904</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUPAC&rft.atitle=hydron+%28H02904%29&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fgoldbook.H02904&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoldbook.iupac.org%2Fterms%2Fview%2FH02904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Helium_hydride" class="mw-redirect" title="Helium hydride">Helium hydride</a> exists as an ion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Neonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neonium">Neonium</a> is an ion, and the HNe excimer exists also.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Argonium" title="Argonium">Argonium</a> exists as an ion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kryptonium_ion" title="Kryptonium ion">Kryptonium ion</a> exist as a cation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997" class="citation book cs1">Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). <i>Chemistry of the elements</i> (2nd ed.). Boston, Mass: Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-3365-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-3365-4"><bdi>0-7506-3365-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48138330">48138330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+elements&rft.place=Boston%2C+Mass&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48138330&rft.isbn=0-7506-3365-4&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee2008-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lee2008_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2008" class="citation book cs1">Lee, J.D. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0m6dIGxmAfwC"><i>Concise Inorganic Chemistry</i></a> (5th ed.). Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-265-1554-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-265-1554-7"><bdi>978-81-265-1554-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-265-1554-7&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0m6dIGxmAfwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massey2000-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Massey2000_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMassey2000" class="citation book cs1">Massey, A.G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ujUvAQAAIAAJ"><i>Main Group Chemistry</i></a>. Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-49039-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-49039-5"><bdi>978-0-471-49039-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Main+Group+Chemistry&rft.series=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-471-49039-5&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=A.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DujUvAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-redbook2005-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-redbook2005_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-redbook2005_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf"><i>Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry ("The Red Book")</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IUPAC Recommendations. 2005. Par. IR-6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Inorganic+Chemistry+%28%22The+Red+Book%22%29&rft.series=IUPAC+Recommendations&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fbooks%2Frbook%2FRed_Book_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChatgilialogluFerreriLandaisTimokhin2018" class="citation journal cs1">Chatgilialoglu, Chryssostomos; Ferreri, Carla; Landais, Yannick; Timokhin, Vitaliy I. (2018). "Thirty Years of (TMS)<sub>3</sub>SiH: A Milestone in Radical-Based Synthetic Chemistry". <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. <b>118</b> (14): <span class="nowrap">6516–</span>6572. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.chemrev.8b00109">10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00109</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29938502">29938502</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49413857">49413857</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Thirty+Years+of+%28TMS%29%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3ESiH%3A+A+Milestone+in+Radical-Based+Synthetic+Chemistry&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6516-%3C%2Fspan%3E6572&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A49413857%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29938502&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.chemrev.8b00109&rft.aulast=Chatgilialoglu&rft.aufirst=Chryssostomos&rft.au=Ferreri%2C+Carla&rft.au=Landais%2C+Yannick&rft.au=Timokhin%2C+Vitaliy+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrochalaEdwards2004" class="citation journal cs1">Grochala, Wojciech; Edwards, Peter P. (2004-03-01). "Thermal Decomposition of the Non-Interstitial Hydrides for the Storage and Production of Hydrogen". <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. <b>104</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">1283–</span>1316. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr030691s">10.1021/cr030691s</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15008624">15008624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Thermal+Decomposition+of+the+Non-Interstitial+Hydrides+for+the+Storage+and+Production+of+Hydrogen&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1283-%3C%2Fspan%3E1316&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr030691s&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15008624&rft.aulast=Grochala&rft.aufirst=Wojciech&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Peter+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1975" class="citation book cs1">Brown, H. C. (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/organicsyntheses0000brow"><i>Organic Syntheses via Boranes</i></a></span>. New York: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-11280-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-11280-1"><bdi>0-471-11280-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organic+Syntheses+via+Boranes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-471-11280-1&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=H.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Forganicsyntheses0000brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Palladium_hydride" title="Palladium hydride">Palladium hydride</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZüttel2003" class="citation journal cs1">Züttel, Andreas (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1369-7021%2803%2900922-2">"Materials for hydrogen storage"</a>. <i>Materials Today</i>. <b>6</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">24–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1369-7021%2803%2900922-2">10.1016/s1369-7021(03)00922-2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Materials+Today&rft.atitle=Materials+for+hydrogen+storage&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs1369-7021%2803%2900922-2&rft.aulast=Z%C3%BCttel&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fs1369-7021%252803%252900922-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacksonJohnsonLewisRaithby1980" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Peter F.; Johnson, Brian F. G.; Lewis, Jack; Raithby, Paul R.; McPartlin, Mary; Nelson, William J. H.; Rouse, Keith D.; Allibon, John; Mason, Sax A. (1980). "Direct location of the interstitial hydride ligand in [HRu6(CO)18]– by both X-ray and neutron analyses of [Ph4As][HRu6(CO)18] by Both X-ray and Neutron Analyses of [Ph4As][HRu6(CO)18]". <i>Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications</i> (7): 295. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fc39800000295">10.1039/c39800000295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Chemical+Society%2C+Chemical+Communications&rft.atitle=Direct+location+of+the+interstitial+hydride+ligand+in+%5BHRu6%28CO%2918%5D%E2%80%93+by+both+X-ray+and+neutron+analyses+of+%5BPh4As%5D%5BHRu6%28CO%2918%5D+by+Both+X-ray+and+Neutron+Analyses+of+%5BPh4As%5D%5BHRu6%28CO%2918%5D&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=295&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fc39800000295&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Peter+F.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Brian+F.+G.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Jack&rft.au=Raithby%2C+Paul+R.&rft.au=McPartlin%2C+Mary&rft.au=Nelson%2C+William+J.+H.&rft.au=Rouse%2C+Keith+D.&rft.au=Allibon%2C+John&rft.au=Mason%2C+Sax+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Dedieu (Editor) Transition Metal Hydrides 1991, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-18768-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-18768-2">0-471-18768-2</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>W. M. Mueller, J. P. Blackledge, G. G. Libowitz, <i>Metal Hydrides</i>, Academic Press, N.Y. and London, (1968)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydride&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydride" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hydride">hydride</a></b></i> in 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ion">Monatomic anion</a> <a href="/wiki/Ionic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic compound">compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Group 1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">Group 13</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boride" title="Boride">B</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aluminide" title="Aluminide">Al</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallide (page does not exist)">Ga</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indide (page does not exist)">In</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thallide" title="Thallide">Tl</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">Group 14</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carbide" title="Carbide">C</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silicide" title="Silicide">Si</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Germanide" title="Germanide">Ge</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stannide" title="Stannide">Sn</a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plumbide" title="Plumbide">Pb</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">Group 15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pnictide" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnictide">Pnictides</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">N<sup>3−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phosphide" title="Phosphide">P<sup>3−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arsenide" title="Arsenide">As<sup>3−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antimonide" title="Antimonide">Sb<sup>3−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bismuthide" title="Bismuthide">Bi<sup>3−</sup></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">Group 16</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chalcogenide" title="Chalcogenide">Chalcogenides</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">O<sup>2−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">S<sup>2−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selenide" title="Selenide">Se<sup>2−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telluride_(chemistry)" title="Telluride (chemistry)">Te<sup>2−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polonide" title="Polonide">Po<sup>2−</sup></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Group 17</a> (<a href="/wiki/Halide" title="Halide">Halides</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride">F<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">Cl<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bromide" title="Bromide">Br<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">I<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></a></span></li> <li><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Astatide" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatide">At<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></a></span></li></ul> 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