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href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/novy-system-organismua-1">Systém eukaryot</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/nejnovejsi-system-organismua">***Nový systém eukaryot</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/vznik-a-vyvoj-zivota">Vznik a vývoj života</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/biologicka-evoluce">Biologická evoluce</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/prehled-dejin-biologie">Přehled dějin biologie</a></div></div></li><li class="unselected sites-header-nav-dropdown"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky">Buněčná a molekulární biologie</a><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menu" style="display:none"><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/bunka">Buňka - obecné schéma</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/deleni-bunky-a-bunecny-cyklus">Dělení buňky a buněčný cyklus</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/bunecny-metabolismus">Buněčný metabolismus (základní dráhy)</a></div><div 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href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/exprese-genu-videa">***Exprese genu (videa)</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/-regulace-genove-exprese">***Regulace genové exprese</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/-proteiny">***Proteiny</a></div><div class="sites-header-nav-dropdown-menuitem unselected"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/metody-molekularni-biologie">***Metody molekulární biologie</a></div></div></li><li class="unselected sites-header-nav-dropdown"><a class="sites-navigation-link unselected" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/mikrobiologie">Mikrobiologie a virologie</a><div 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href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/ekologie">Ekologie a ochrana přírody</a></li></ul><div style="clear: both;"></div></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="sites-chrome-main-wrapper"> <div id="sites-chrome-main-wrapper-inside"> <table id="sites-chrome-main" class="sites-layout-hbox" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td id="sites-chrome-sidebar-left" class="sites-layout-sidebar-left"> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="COMP_6695053533185273" class="sites-embed" style="width:"> <h4 class="sites-embed-title"></h4> <div class="sites-embed-content" style="padding:5px;"> <div dir="ltr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/oznameni/biomachvyhlasujesoutezocenyzatisice" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://www.biomach.cz/_/rsrc/1317144254681/config/plakat%20-%20Kopie.jpg" width="190"/></a></div> </div> </div> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="COMP_2bd" class="sites-embed"> <h4 class="sites-embed-title">SEKCE WEBU</h4> <div class="sites-embed-content sites-sidebar-nav "> <ul jotid="navList"> <li class="topLevel nav-first parent" wuid="gx:38d93edb15195263"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4" jotid="wuid:gx:38d93edb15195263" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Obecná biologie</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/obecne-vlastnosti-organismua-zivych-soustav" jotid="wuid:gx:565f09b26236a5a7" class="sites-navigation-link">Obecné vlastnosti organismů (živých soustav)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/hierarchie-organismua" jotid="wuid:gx:28801f585c780b74" class="sites-navigation-link">Hierarchie organismů</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/zakladni-strukturalni-typy-zivych-soustav" jotid="wuid:gx:71a45ffb98fc5b70" class="sites-navigation-link">Základní strukturální typy živých soustav</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/tri-domeny-zivota-na-zemi" jotid="wuid:gx:2f86a24271734d6c" class="sites-navigation-link">Tři domény života na Zemi</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/novy-system-organismua-1" jotid="wuid:gx:2a2cd4b513e1429c" class="sites-navigation-link">Systém eukaryot</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/nejnovejsi-system-organismua" jotid="wuid:gx:648568dbf678590f" class="sites-navigation-link">***Nový systém eukaryot</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/vznik-a-vyvoj-zivota" jotid="wuid:gx:4b5debb9239d5514" class="sites-navigation-link">Vznik a vývoj života</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/biologicka-evoluce" jotid="wuid:gx:6b6a3b37d1ca93a9" class="sites-navigation-link">Biologická evoluce</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/prehled-dejin-biologie" jotid="wuid:gx:63ef304f2df91252" class="sites-navigation-link">Přehled dějin biologie</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="topLevel parent" wuid="gx:5b0c8addfa661da4"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky" jotid="wuid:gx:5b0c8addfa661da4" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Buněčná a molekulární biologie</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/bunka" jotid="wuid:gx:6bab4a6ea170f15c" class="sites-navigation-link">Buňka - obecné schéma</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/deleni-bunky-a-bunecny-cyklus" jotid="wuid:gx:2f2b50b0a09faf2a" class="sites-navigation-link">Dělení buňky a buněčný cyklus</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/bunecny-metabolismus" jotid="wuid:gx:6895c3b7eb0d1507" class="sites-navigation-link">Buněčný metabolismus (základní dráhy)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/-cytoskelet-eukaryot" jotid="wuid:gx:4a9e7dcc454eb7d2" class="sites-navigation-link">***Cytoskelet eukaryot a molekulární motory</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/-chromosomy" jotid="wuid:gx:2880e8db408b218a" class="sites-navigation-link">***Chromosomy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/-rna" jotid="wuid:gx:703bad0e84aa1ac2" class="sites-navigation-link">***RNA</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/https://sites.google.com/site/biomachgbn/genetika/molekularni-genetika#TOC-P-ENOS-GENETICK-INFORMACE" class="sites-navigation-link">Exprese genu</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/exprese-genu-videa" jotid="wuid:gx:5a6659ee24ef161c" class="sites-navigation-link">***Exprese genu (videa)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/-regulace-genove-exprese" jotid="wuid:gx:36657327d4617587" class="sites-navigation-link">***Regulace genové exprese</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/-proteiny" jotid="wuid:gx:65054a3becac4d8e" class="sites-navigation-link">***Proteiny</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-bunky/metody-molekularni-biologie" jotid="wuid:gx:413b2facb5e98281" class="sites-navigation-link">***Metody molekulární biologie</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="topLevel parent" wuid="gx:7271c3294ff9e03b"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/mikrobiologie" jotid="wuid:gx:7271c3294ff9e03b" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Mikrobiologie a virologie</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/mikrobiologie/uvod-do-mikrobiologie" jotid="wuid:gx:52ad0a66a7620d5c" class="sites-navigation-link">Úvod do bakteriologie</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/mikrobiologie/bakterie" jotid="wuid:gx:24f797d3a24c5974" class="sites-navigation-link">Bakterie</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/mikrobiologie/system-bakterii" jotid="wuid:gx:2171c450ef3969a1" class="sites-navigation-link">***Systém bakterií</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/mikrobiologie/viry" jotid="wuid:gx:1d37571021cc492f" class="sites-navigation-link">Viry</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="topLevel parent" wuid="gx:1ebc692c050cabc0"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-protist" jotid="wuid:gx:1ebc692c050cabc0" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Biologie protist</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/novy-system-organismua-1" jotid="wuid:gx:2a2cd4b513e1429c" class="sites-navigation-link">Systém eukaryot</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/obecna-biologie-4/nejnovejsi-system-organismua" jotid="wuid:gx:648568dbf678590f" class="sites-navigation-link">***Nový systém eukaryot</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-protist/nizci-rostliny" jotid="wuid:gx:29492ff74c9894af" class="sites-navigation-link">„Nižší rostliny“</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div class="current-bg" jotid="wuid:gx:6c59a5b92fb21697" dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;">„Prvoci“ </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="topLevel parent" wuid="gx:5f672d8b9de61073"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin" jotid="wuid:gx:5f672d8b9de61073" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Biologie rostlin a hub</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/uvod-do-biologie-rostlin" jotid="wuid:gx:2afbe907cd4ed562" class="sites-navigation-link">Úvod do biologie rostlin</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/rostlinna-bunka" jotid="wuid:gx:122cba4853056e5b" class="sites-navigation-link">Rostlinná buňka</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/rostlinna-pletiva" jotid="wuid:gx:57e21cd1fe0007f9" class="sites-navigation-link">Rostlinná pletiva</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/-sekundarni-stavba-rostlinnych-organua" jotid="wuid:gx:66c6879b2a81a60a" class="sites-navigation-link">***Sekundární stavba rostlinných orgánů</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/rostlinne-organy" jotid="wuid:gx:7723dafb70fdc805" class="sites-navigation-link">Rostlinné orgány</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/vodni-rezim-rostlin" jotid="wuid:gx:5f33986d13917707" class="sites-navigation-link">Vodní režim rostlin</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/metabolismus-rostlin" jotid="wuid:gx:61b2d7539976eec3" class="sites-navigation-link">Metabolismus rostlin</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/ruast-a-vyvoj-rostlin-pohyby-rostlin" jotid="wuid:gx:175a457c065e4af8" class="sites-navigation-link">Růst a vývoj rostlin</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/pohyby-rostlin" jotid="wuid:gx:21f36095fad15329" class="sites-navigation-link">Pohyby rostlin</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/rozmnozovani-rostlin" jotid="wuid:gx:20ca9ff026ffdffd" class="sites-navigation-link">Rozmnožování rostlin</a> </div></li> <li class="parent closed" wuid="gx:3b4fa33c8f1d107b"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 19px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/system-a-evoluce-rostlin" jotid="wuid:gx:3b4fa33c8f1d107b" class="sites-navigation-link">Systém a evoluce rostlin</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/system-a-evoluce-rostlin/mechorosty" jotid="wuid:gx:90f0f28e5d9fcf2" class="sites-navigation-link">Mechorosty</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/system-a-evoluce-rostlin/kapradorosty" jotid="wuid:gx:5b6a9e7a2beee3a1" class="sites-navigation-link">Kapraďorosty</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/system-a-evoluce-rostlin/vyssi-rostliny" jotid="wuid:gx:4472fc7a191f158" class="sites-navigation-link">Vyšší rostliny</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/system-a-evoluce-rostlin/nahosemenne-rostliny" jotid="wuid:gx:5cad1fc58bbd5d37" class="sites-navigation-link">Nahosemenné rostliny</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/system-a-evoluce-rostlin/krytosemenne-rostliny" jotid="wuid:gx:1ed80e53abfbd0c3" class="sites-navigation-link">Krytosemenné rostliny</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://sites.google.com/site/biomachgbn/biologie-zivocichua/-mimikry#TOC-MIMIKRY-U-ROSTLIN" class="sites-navigation-link">***Mimikry rostlin</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-rostlin/biologie-hub" jotid="wuid:gx:22fddf3f9f36a796" class="sites-navigation-link">Biologie hub</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="topLevel parent" wuid="gx:31ed72bf22b641d9"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua" jotid="wuid:gx:31ed72bf22b641d9" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Biologie živočichů</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/uvod-do-zoologie" jotid="wuid:gx:4fa7407b386e8355" class="sites-navigation-link">Úvod do zoologie</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/system-a-evoluce-zivocichua" jotid="wuid:gx:4814c147ae539075" class="sites-navigation-link">Systém a evoluce živočichů</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/mnohobunecni---uvod" jotid="wuid:gx:18eb90dc1bf62fed" class="sites-navigation-link">Rozmnožování a vývin mnohobuněčných</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/tkane-mnohobunecnych" jotid="wuid:gx:34738e4bad17fc90" class="sites-navigation-link">Tkáně mnohobuněčných</a> </div></li> <li class="parent closed" wuid="gx:66c138194c91900b"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 19px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/fylogeneze-organovych-soustav" jotid="wuid:gx:66c138194c91900b" class="sites-navigation-link">Fylogeneze orgánových soustav</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/fylogeneze-organovych-soustav/fylogeneze-operne-soustavy-1" jotid="wuid:gx:69935c7f26a4178a" class="sites-navigation-link">Fylogeneze opěrné soustavy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/fylogeneze-organovych-soustav/fylogeneze-svalove-soustavy" jotid="wuid:gx:11e8464728b56ded" class="sites-navigation-link">Fylogeneze svalové soustavy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/fylogeneze-organovych-soustav/fylogeneze-trvic-soustavy" jotid="wuid:gx:63baf97d4bdb571b" class="sites-navigation-link">Fylogeneze trávicí soustavy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/fylogeneze-organovych-soustav/fylogeneze-dychaci-soustavy" jotid="wuid:gx:401b4465a7bf3a0d" class="sites-navigation-link">Fylogeneze dýchací soustavy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/fylogeneze-organovych-soustav/fylogeneze-vylucovaci-soustavy" jotid="wuid:gx:2f607e989a6b4416" class="sites-navigation-link">Fylogeneze vylučovací soustavy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/fylogeneze-organovych-soustav/fylogeneze-nervove-soustavy" jotid="wuid:gx:175b683cd4af2a9d" class="sites-navigation-link">Fylogeneze nervové soustavy</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/diblastica" jotid="wuid:gx:6d108d7a9952b42f" class="sites-navigation-link">Diblastica</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/schizocoelia" jotid="wuid:gx:59e100b8335ef265" class="sites-navigation-link">Schizocoelia</a> </div></li> <li class="parent closed" wuid="gx:17ef153e4c4dbe98"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 19px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/pseudocoelia" jotid="wuid:gx:17ef153e4c4dbe98" class="sites-navigation-link">Pseudocoelia</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/pseudocoelia/-vrtejsi-acanthocephala" jotid="wuid:gx:633b8038333dbb64" class="sites-navigation-link">***Vrtejši (Acanthocephala)</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/krouzkovci" jotid="wuid:gx:3c3f2102768449a8" class="sites-navigation-link">Kroužkovci</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/bradatice-ploutvenky" jotid="wuid:gx:116fe7288de44e5a" class="sites-navigation-link">Bradatice, ploutvenky</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/drapkovci-zelvusky" jotid="wuid:gx:7f058ca656ca4453" class="sites-navigation-link">Drápkovci, želvušky</a> </div></li> <li class="parent closed" wuid="gx:91d1d248aae7e8b"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 19px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/clenovci" jotid="wuid:gx:91d1d248aae7e8b" class="sites-navigation-link">Členovci</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/clenovci/trojlalocnatci" jotid="wuid:gx:65503af9d2f9563b" class="sites-navigation-link">Trojlaločnatci</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/clenovci/klepitkatci" jotid="wuid:gx:5482d8c453f6bd54" class="sites-navigation-link">Klepítkatci</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/clenovci/zabernati" jotid="wuid:gx:73ea00fc5167b6f8" class="sites-navigation-link">Korýši</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/clenovci/vzdusnicovci" jotid="wuid:gx:5be2775a72ae3d02" class="sites-navigation-link">Vzdušnicovci</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 57px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/clenovci/vzdusnicovci/hmyz" jotid="wuid:gx:6362ac99b671b8e5" class="sites-navigation-link">Hmyz</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/mekkysi" jotid="wuid:gx:33cf811c028fef6f" class="sites-navigation-link">Měkkýši</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/chapadlovci-ploutvenky-bradatice" jotid="wuid:gx:475aba219de1e27b" class="sites-navigation-link">Mechovky, chapadlovky, ramenonožci</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/ostnokozci" jotid="wuid:gx:34991adb19357627" class="sites-navigation-link">Ostnokožci</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/sumysovci-rypohlavci" jotid="wuid:gx:55fb32a3158aa3f7" class="sites-navigation-link">Sumýšovci, rypohlavci, liliovci</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/polostrunatci" jotid="wuid:gx:3d92b4ecf1d0eb96" class="sites-navigation-link">Polostrunatci</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/strunatci-plastenci-bezlebecni-obratlovci" jotid="wuid:gx:2f605f58d164465f" class="sites-navigation-link">Strunatci (pláštěnci, bezlebeční, obratlovci)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/kruhost-cyclostomata" jotid="wuid:gx:7d8a801cc690db26" class="sites-navigation-link">Kruhoústí (Cyclostomata)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/paryby-chondrichtes" jotid="wuid:gx:611a8df39b81a264" class="sites-navigation-link">Paryby (Chondrichthyes)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/ryby-pisces" jotid="wuid:gx:197c738120bfeefa" class="sites-navigation-link">Paprskoploutvé ryby (Actinopterygii)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/svaloploutvi-sarcopterygii" jotid="wuid:gx:224b75cf51f5117b" class="sites-navigation-link">Svaloploutví (Sarcopterygii)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/obojzivelnici-amphibia" jotid="wuid:gx:532ba55866dd28e8" class="sites-navigation-link">Obojživelníci (Amphibia)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/plazi-reptilia" jotid="wuid:gx:257fd6f0d2c2cae7" class="sites-navigation-link">Plazi (Reptilia)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/ptaci-aves-1" jotid="wuid:gx:7964ad387db4399f" class="sites-navigation-link">Ptáci (Aves)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/savci-mammalia" jotid="wuid:gx:3f8f0480b3b8bd92" class="sites-navigation-link">Savci (Mammalia)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/-mimikry" jotid="wuid:gx:7d108eeebcebf6e1" class="sites-navigation-link">***Mimikry</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/-mimikry-videa" jotid="wuid:gx:6803182a82e048dc" class="sites-navigation-link">***Mimikry (videa)</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/-uvod-do-parazitologie" jotid="wuid:gx:412a4ed9000e2e1b" class="sites-navigation-link">*** Úvod do parazitologie</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/-paraziticti-cervi-helminti" jotid="wuid:gx:73cc18c021feb89f" class="sites-navigation-link">***Parazitičtí červi (= helminti)</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="topLevel parent" wuid="gx:7c358757bb77aaa2"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka" jotid="wuid:gx:7c358757bb77aaa2" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Biologie člověka</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/operna-soustava" jotid="wuid:gx:103b2cc1b0d34d73" class="sites-navigation-link">Opěrná soustava</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/pohybova-soustava" jotid="wuid:gx:1798e2ba5cbfd28a" class="sites-navigation-link">Pohybová soustava</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/telni-tekutiny" jotid="wuid:gx:2e2f7461f1d3f309" class="sites-navigation-link">Tělní tekutiny</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/imunitni-system" jotid="wuid:gx:6118368e8e03545a" class="sites-navigation-link">Imunitní systém</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/obehovy-a-mizni-system" jotid="wuid:gx:7d8813a97b4d6e36" class="sites-navigation-link">Oběhový a mízní systém</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/dychaci-system" jotid="wuid:gx:11e2795a344f2c" class="sites-navigation-link">Dýchací systém</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/travici-system" jotid="wuid:gx:67afc0c7e932ecc8" class="sites-navigation-link">Trávicí systém</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/metabolismus" jotid="wuid:gx:483535a19bb20723" class="sites-navigation-link">Metabolismus</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/exkrece-a-vylucovaci-system" jotid="wuid:gx:4fdd3890c1ccf644" class="sites-navigation-link">Vylučovací systém</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/kozni-system-termoregulace" jotid="wuid:gx:1ca453a92d0b1181" class="sites-navigation-link">Kožní systém</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/termoregulace" jotid="wuid:gx:59652f10f9d199da" class="sites-navigation-link">Termoregulace</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/nervova-soustava" jotid="wuid:gx:6e60d01ba012c7ce" class="sites-navigation-link">Nervová soustava</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/soustava-zlaz-s-vnitrni-sekreci" jotid="wuid:gx:7af6ebd6d797038c" class="sites-navigation-link">Soustava žláz s vnitřní sekrecí</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/smyslove-organy" jotid="wuid:gx:1e37f3d097628c0c" class="sites-navigation-link">Smyslové orgány</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/rozmnozovani-a-ontogeneze" jotid="wuid:gx:3b6432f0ca3cfe00" class="sites-navigation-link">Rozmnožování a ontogeneze</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/fylogeneze-cloveka" jotid="wuid:gx:6a4c9b7087ae6a98" class="sites-navigation-link">Fylogeneze člověka</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-cloveka/-evolucni-vyhody-a-nevyhody-moderniho-cloveka" jotid="wuid:gx:afc2ca8f4bf75f7" class="sites-navigation-link">***Evoluční výhody a nevýhody moderního člověka</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="topLevel parent" wuid="gx:7622f11a2ae923ec"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika" jotid="wuid:gx:7622f11a2ae923ec" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Genetika</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/zakladni-pojmy" jotid="wuid:gx:38cd32d5f09fa1de" class="sites-navigation-link">Základní pojmy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/alelova-analyza-mendelovy-zakony" jotid="wuid:gx:23dfe72f87de3810" class="sites-navigation-link">Alelová analýza, Mendelovy zákony</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/genove-interakce" jotid="wuid:gx:68afb956443624c7" class="sites-navigation-link">Genové interakce</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/monogenni-polygenni-dedicnost" jotid="wuid:gx:5a99411d87afed1a" class="sites-navigation-link">Monogenní a polygenní dědičnost</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/kvantitativni-genetika" jotid="wuid:gx:4f4b0dcb83130428" class="sites-navigation-link">***Kvantitativní genetika</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/vazba-genua" jotid="wuid:gx:c9a97612ad41c23" class="sites-navigation-link">Vazba genů</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/gonozomalni-a-mimojaderna-dedicnost" jotid="wuid:gx:8dc0b3811e202e2" class="sites-navigation-link">Gonozomální dědičnost</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/mimojaderna-ded" jotid="wuid:gx:13eb31b0b9047576" class="sites-navigation-link">Mimojaderná dědičnost</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/genetika-populaci" jotid="wuid:gx:328179a07f0a561a" class="sites-navigation-link">Genetika populací</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/faktory-narusujici-genetickou-rovnovahu" jotid="wuid:gx:26fa84707c30a04e" class="sites-navigation-link">Faktory narušující genetickou rovnováhu</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/geneticke-inzenyrstvi" jotid="wuid:gx:68f056b993d8f106" class="sites-navigation-link">Genetické inženýrství</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/genetika-cloveka" jotid="wuid:gx:1b8a828f4d1cbfa5" class="sites-navigation-link">Genetika člověka</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/-rodokmenova-analyza" jotid="wuid:gx:44b637a60b8f14bf" class="sites-navigation-link">***Rodokmenová analýza, typy dědičnosti, dědičné choroby</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/-geneticke-poradenstvi" jotid="wuid:gx:5bfbf090502289af" class="sites-navigation-link">***Genetické poradenství</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/molekularni-genetika" jotid="wuid:gx:649c77fa595ad672" class="sites-navigation-link">Molekulární genetika</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/-chromosomy" jotid="wuid:gx:2880e8db408b218a" class="sites-navigation-link">***Chromosomy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/-onkogenetika" jotid="wuid:gx:5162b5f63038d7c3" class="sites-navigation-link">***Onkogenetika</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/genetika/ulohy-z-genetiky" jotid="wuid:gx:2f98b7c351c8ecb5" class="sites-navigation-link">***Úlohy z genetiky</a> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="topLevel parent" wuid="gx:48c3568d62947ddb"><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 0px;"><div class="expander"></div><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/ekologie" jotid="wuid:gx:48c3568d62947ddb" class="sites-navigation-link topLevel">Ekologie a ochrana přírody</a> </div><ul> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/ekologie/organismus-a-prostredi" jotid="wuid:gx:50cdee26dbf2c880" class="sites-navigation-link">Organismus a prostředí</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/ekologie/abioticke-faktory-prostredi" jotid="wuid:gx:73d8152df7fe5c8b" class="sites-navigation-link">Abiotické faktory prostředí</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/ekologie/populace" jotid="wuid:gx:16847e145a9ac922" class="sites-navigation-link">Populace</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-zivocichua/-uvod-do-parazitologie" jotid="wuid:gx:412a4ed9000e2e1b" class="sites-navigation-link">*** Úvod do parazitologie</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/ekologie/spolecenstva-biomy" jotid="wuid:gx:390ab3a315891541" class="sites-navigation-link">Společenstva, biomy</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/ekologie/ekosystem" jotid="wuid:gx:65e24e0f0eb500e5" class="sites-navigation-link">Ekosystém</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/ekologie/biosfera" jotid="wuid:gx:7b74af881deba655" class="sites-navigation-link">Biosféra</a> </div></li> <li class=""><div dir="ltr" style="padding-left: 38px;"><a 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</div></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="COMP_9603928254165764" class="sites-embed" style="width:"> <h4 class="sites-embed-title">DALŠÍ MATERIÁLY</h4> <div class="sites-embed-content" style="padding:5px;"> <div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align:left"><font size="3">›</font><b> </b><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/uloziste-test">Testy</a> | </b><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/poznavacka">Poznávačky</a></b></div> <div style="text-align:left"><font size="3">›</font><b> </b><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/literatura">Literatura</a> | </b><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/odkazy">Odkazy</a></b><font size="3"><br/> </font><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/banner.1315598093925"><b> </b></a></div></div> </div> </div> <div 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.gbn.cz/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Gymnázium Benešov</a></b></div> <div><b><b><b><span style="font-size:12px;font-weight:normal"><font size="3">›</font><b> </b></span></b></b></b><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.natur.cuni.cz/biologie/ucitelstvi/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Katedra učitelství a didaktiky biologie PřF UK v Praze</a></b></div> <div><b><b><b><span style="font-size:12px;font-weight:normal"><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/autorsky-tym" style="color:rgb(220, 41, 30)"></a></b></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-weight:normal"><font size="3">›</font></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-weight:normal"><b> </b></span></b></b></b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.sciencedaily.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><b>ScienceDaily</b></a> | <b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://osel.cz/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">OSEL</a> | </b><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biolib.cz/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Biolib</a></b></div> <hr/> <img alt="Zjistit Google Pagerank" border="0" height="15" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://rank.webatlas.cz/pagerank.php?typ=gpr&ch=c33945a1&url=www.biomach.cz" title="Pagerank" width="80"/> <img alt="Zjistit S-rank" border="0" height="15" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://rank.webatlas.cz/pagerank.php?typ=sr&ch=c33945a1&url=www.biomach.cz" title="S-rank" width="80"/></div> </div> </div> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="COMP_08407910261303186" class="sites-embed" style="width:"> <h4 class="sites-embed-title">POČÍTADLO PŘÍSTUPŮ</h4> <div class="sites-embed-content" style="padding:5px;"> <div dir="ltr"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://toplist.cz/count.asp?id=165939&logo=mc&start=19" style="margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;display:block;margin-right:auto;text-align:left"/></div> </div> </div> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="sites-embed-align-left-wrapping-off"><div class="sites-embed-border-on sites-embed sites-embed-full-width" style="width:100%;"><h4 class="sites-embed-title">Autoři stránky</h4><div class="sites-embed-content sites-embed-type-recentauthors"><div class="sites-sidebar-recent-activity"><div><ul><li><span class="sites-admininfobox-hovercard" uid="106406879167989730529">Tomáš Macháček</span><div><span class="sites-text-secondary">červenec 14, 2011</span></div></li><li><span class="sites-admininfobox-hovercard" uid="105651635655358063961">vojtechova.iveta</span><div><span class="sites-text-secondary">červenec 12, 2011</span></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div> </td> <td id="sites-canvas-wrapper"> <div id="sites-canvas"> <div id="goog-ws-editor-toolbar-container"> </div> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="title-crumbs" style=""> <a dir="ltr" href="/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-protist">Biologie protist</a>‎ > ‎ </div> <h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="sites-page-title-header" style="" align="left"> <span id="sites-page-title" dir="ltr">„Prvoci“</span> </h3> <div id="sites-canvas-main" class="sites-canvas-main"> <div id="sites-canvas-main-content"> <table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" cellspacing="0" class="sites-layout-name-one-column sites-layout-hbox"><tbody><tr><td class="sites-layout-tile sites-tile-name-content-1"><div dir="ltr"><div> <span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0);font-size:medium"><div class="sites-embed-align-left-wrapping-off"><div class="sites-embed-border-off sites-embed" style="width:250px;"><div class="sites-embed-content sites-embed-type-toc"><div class="goog-toc sites-embed-toc-maxdepth-6"><p>Obsah</p><ol class="goog-toc"><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-CHARAKTERISTIKA-PRVOK-"><strong>1 </strong>CHARAKTERISTIKA PRVOKŮ</a></li><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-P-EHLED-Z-KLADN-CH-SKUPIN-PRVOK-"><strong>2 </strong>PŘEHLED ZÁKLADNÍCH SKUPIN PRVOKŮ</a><ol class="goog-toc"><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-BI-KOVCI-Flagellata-"><strong>2.1 </strong>BIČÍKOVCI (Flagellata)</a></li><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-KO-ENONO-CI-Rhizopoda-"><strong>2.2 </strong>KOŘENONOŽCI (Rhizopoda)</a></li><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-V-TRUSOVCI-Apicomplexa-"><strong>2.3 </strong>VÝTRUSOVCI (Apicomplexa)</a></li><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-HMYZOMORKY-Microsporidia-"><strong>2.4 </strong>HMYZOMORKY (Microsporidia)</a></li><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-V-TRUSENKY-Myxozoa-"><strong>2.5 </strong>VÝTRUSENKY (Myxozoa)</a></li></ol></li><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-EKOLOGIE-PRVOK-"><strong>3 </strong>EKOLOGIE PRVOKŮ</a></li><li class="goog-toc"><a href="#TOC-GALERIE-VYBRAN-CH-Z-STUPC-"><strong>4 </strong>GALERIE VYBRANÝCH ZÁSTUPCŮ</a></li></ol></div></div></div></div> <h3><a name="TOC-CHARAKTERISTIKA-PRVOK-"></a><span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0);font-size:medium"><strong>CHARAKTERISTIKA PRVOKŮ</strong></span></h3> <span style="color:rgb(204,0,0);font-size:medium"><span style="color:rgb(204,0,0);font-size:medium"><div class="sites-embed-align-right-wrapping-on"><div class="sites-embed-border-on sites-embed" style="width:400px;"><h4 class="sites-embed-title">Pohlavní rozmnožování: konjugace (typická pro bakterie nebo nálevníky - např. trepka)</h4><div class="sites-embed-content sites-embed-type-text"><div class="sites-embed-content-textbox"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"> <div dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"><img style="text-align:center;zoom:1;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" border="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://www.biomach.cz/_/rsrc/1310513512555/biologie-protist/prvoci/06b_konjugace%20bez%20textu.png?height=237&width=320" width="320" height="237"/></div> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"> </div> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"><font face="arial,sans-serif"><strong><font color="#444444">(1)</font></strong> 2 jedinci (konjuganti) se k sobě přiblíží buněčnými ústy</font></div> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"><font face="arial,sans-serif"><strong><font color="#444444">(2)</font></strong> makronukleus zaniká</font></div> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"><font face="arial,sans-serif"><strong><font color="#444444">(3)</font></strong> mikronukleus (2n) projde meiózou <span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;font-size:12pt"><font color="#000000"><font color="#444444" size="2">→</font> </font><font color="#444444" size="2" face="arial,sans-serif">vzniknou 4 jádra (n)</font></span></font></div> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;font-size:12pt"><font color="#444444" size="2" face="arial,sans-serif"><strong><font color="#444444">(4)</font></strong> 3 jádra zaniknou</font></span></div> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font color="#444444"><font face="arial,sans-serif"><strong><font color="#444444">(5)</font></strong> zbyde 1 jádro - mitóza <span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font color="#000000"><font color="#444444">→ <font face="arial,sans-serif">vzniknou 2 jádra (n) (migratorní = blíže k ústům, A a C <span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font color="#000000"><font color="#444444">×</font> </font><font color="#444444" face="arial,sans-serif">stacionární = dál od úst, B a D); <font face="arial,sans-serif">vymění si migratorní jádra</font></font></span></font></font></font></span></font></font></span></div> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font color="#444444"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font color="#000000"><font color="#444444"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font face="arial,sans-serif"><strong><font color="#444444">(6)</font></strong> migratorní a stacionární jádra splynou v jedno (2n)</font></span></font></font></span></font></span></div> <div style="text-align:left;display:block"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font color="#444444"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font color="#000000"><font color="#444444"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif"><font face="arial,sans-serif"><strong><font color="#444444">(7)</font></strong> jedinci se rozestupují od sebe (dále jádro a následně i oba konjuganti prochází mitotickým dělením, tvoří se makronukleus a nakonec vzniknou z každého konjuganta 4 jedinci)</font></span></font></font></span></font></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span> <div style="margin:5px 10px;zoom:1;display:inline;float:right"></div> </span></span></div> <ul> <li>tělo tvořeno pouze jedinou buňkou, která zajišťuje všechny projevy života: pohyb, příjem potravy, metabolismus, vyměšování, rozmnožování, růst, dráždivost (reakce na podněty)</li> <li>mohou vznikat mnohojaderné útvary – <strong>plazmódia </strong>(= buněčná hmota s mnoha jádry obklopená buněčnou membránou; vznik dělením jader bez následného dělení buňky)</li> <li><u>tělo</u>: pelikula, schránky, cysty</li> <li><u>pohyb</u>: panožky, bičík, brvy</li> <li>potravu přijímají celým povrchem těla nebo fagocytózou <span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;font-size:10pt"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">→</font></span> <strong>potravní vakuola</strong>; někdy <strong>buněčná ústa</strong> a <strong>buněčná řiť</strong></li> <li><strong>pulzující vakuola</strong> = osmoregulátor sladkovodních</li> <li>dva typy jader u nálevníků: <strong>makronukleus</strong> (vegetativní), <strong>mikronukleus</strong> (generativní)</li> <li><u>smysly</u>: <strong>stigma</strong> (světločivná skvrna), <strong>myonemy </strong>(plazmatická vlákna, která se mohou stahovat), <strong>trichocysty</strong> (buněčný jed)</li> <li>vakuoly, mitochondrie, ribozomy, ...</li> <li><u>rozmnožování</u>:</li> <div>1) <strong>nepohlavní</strong> – dělení podélné a příčné, pučení, schizogonie (rozdělení mateřského org. na více dceřinných org.), sporogonie (rozpad spor)</div> <div>2) <strong>pohlavní</strong> – méně obvyklé, zvýšení životaschopnosti, po oplození zastavení vývoje (encystace); kopulace, konjugace (horizontální výměna genetické informace mezi dvěma buňkami)</div></ul> <h3><a name="TOC-1"></a><span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0);font-size:medium"><strong><br/> </strong></span></h3> <h3><a name="TOC-P-EHLED-Z-KLADN-CH-SKUPIN-PRVOK-"></a><span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0);font-size:medium"><strong>PŘEHLED ZÁKLADNÍCH SKUPIN PRVOKŮ</strong></span></h3> <div><font color="#cc0000" size="3"><strong> <div style="margin:5px 10px;zoom:1;display:inline;float:right"></div> <div style="margin:5px 10px;zoom:1;display:inline;float:right"></div> </strong></font></div> <h4><a name="TOC-BI-KOVCI-Flagellata-"></a><span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0)"><strong>BIČÍKOVCI (Flagellata)</strong></span></h4> <div><font color="#cc0000"><strong> <div style="margin:5px 10px;zoom:1;display:inline;float:right"></div> <div style="margin:5px 10px;zoom:1;display:inline;float:right"></div> </strong></font></div> <ul> <li>přechod mezi rostlinami a živočichy</li> <li>živočišní nemají plastidy</li> <li>pohyb: jeden nebo více bičíků</li> <li>podélné dělení</li> <li>stigma</li> <li><u>zástupci</u>:</li> <div><strong>BODO</strong> (2 bičíky, stojaté vody, organické nečistoty)</div> <div><strong>TRUBÉNKY</strong> (1 bičík, límeček z pelikuly, kolonie)</div> <div><strong>TRYPANOZÓMA SPAVIČNÁ</strong> (cizopasí v tělních tekutinách <span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;font-size:10pt"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">→</font></span> undulující membrána, moucha tse-tse, spavá nemoc)</div> <div><strong>BIČENKA POŠEVNÍ</strong> (4 bičíky, choroba trichomoniáza)</div> <div><strong>LAMBLIE</strong> (8 bičíků, 2 jádra, horečky a průjmy, hlavně v jižní Evropě)</div></ul> <h4><a name="TOC-KO-ENONO-CI-Rhizopoda-"></a><strong><font color="#cc0000">KOŘENONOŽCI (Rhizopoda)</font></strong></h4> <ul> <li>pohyb: panožky</li> <li>fagocytóza, někteří mají schránky</li> <li><u>zástupci</u>: </li> <div><strong>MĚŇAVKY</strong> (m. zubní, m. velká, m. bahenní, m. střevní, m. úplavičná)</div> <div><strong>KRYTENKY</strong> (sladkovodní, chitinové schránky; rozlitka hrušková)</div> <div><strong>DÍRKONOŠCI</strong> (v moři, Ca schránky; penízek – nummulitové vápence, kulovinka – globigerinové bahno)</div> <div><strong>SLUNIVKY</strong> (sladké vody, rašeliniště, schránka z oxidu křemičitého nebo z chitinu)</div> <div><strong>MŘÍŽOVCI</strong> (plankton teplých moří, schránka z oxidu křemičitého nebo z chitinu, symbióza s řasami; radiolárové bahno)</div></ul> <h4><a name="TOC-V-TRUSOVCI-Apicomplexa-"></a><span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0)"><strong>VÝTRUSOVCI (Apicomplexa)</strong></span></h4> <ul> <li>specializovaní parazité (přichycovací aparát, redukce organel a smyslů, rozmnožování)</li> <li>pronikají do hostitelské buňky (apikální komplex organel) </li> <li>pohlavní i nepohlavní stadia (nepohlavní stadia jsou invazivní) </li> <li>velmi časté je střídání hostitelů </li> <li><u>zástupci</u>: </li> <div><strong>KOKCIDIE</strong> (buňky střeva a žlučovodů zajícovců, kteří jsou cekotrofní > často propuká onemocnění kokcidióza)</div> <div><strong>TOXOPLAZMA</strong> (patří mezi kokcidie, napadá různé části těla, má ji v sobě 40 % obyvatelstva)</div> <div><strong>KRVINKOVKY</strong> (zimnička – malárie, nepohlavní stadia napadají buňky jater a červené krvinky, v nichž se množí, komár Anopheles)</div></ul> <h4><a name="TOC-HMYZOMORKY-Microsporidia-"></a><strong><font color="#cc0000">HMYZOMORKY (Microsporidia)</font></strong></h4> <ul> <li>cizopasníci bezobratlých, členovců nebo ryb</li> <li>aktivní stadium (měňavkovitý tvar)</li> <li>spory mají buněčný obsah obtočený pólovým vláknem</li> <li><u>zástupci</u>:</li> <strong>HMYZOMORKY</strong> (h. včelí, h. bourcová)</ul> <h4><a name="TOC-V-TRUSENKY-Myxozoa-"></a><span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0)"><strong>VÝTRUSENKY (Myxozoa)</strong></span></h4> <ul> <li>cizopasí v mezibuněčných prostorách studenokrevných živočichů</li> <li>měňavkovitá aktivní stadia</li> <li>spory vznikají z více buněk, mají 1–6 pólových váčků</li> <li><u>zástupci</u>: </li> <strong>RYBOMORKY</strong> (r. pstruží, r. parmová; napadají svaly, vytváří boule, „parmový mor“)</ul> <div><strong><font color="#cc0000">NÁLEVNÍCI (Ciliophora)</font></strong></div> <ul> <li>klidová stadia (cysty, spory)</li> <li>pohyb pomocí řasinek (brvy)</li> <li>na povrchu těla pelikula z dvojité membrány</li> <li>v pelikule trichocysty („buněčný jed“)</li> <li>dvě jádra: vegetativní (= makronukleus; životní funkce), generativní (= mikronukleus; rozmnožování)</li> <li>pulzující vakuola, buněčná ústa, buněčný jícen, buněčná řiť</li> <li>konjugace, příčné dělení</li> <li><u>zástupci</u>:</li> <div><strong>TREPKA</strong> (zdržují se u bakteriální blány na hladině, potrava)</div> <div><strong>BOBOVKA</strong> (typicky prodloužené některé brvy)</div> <div><strong>VEJCOVKA</strong></div> <div><strong>VÍŘENKA</strong> (přisedlá, brvami víří vodu a přihání si potravu)</div> <div><strong>MRSKAVKA</strong> (přisedlá, více veg. a gen. jader uspořádaných do korálkovitého řetězce)</div> <div><strong>KEŘENKA</strong> (tvoří přisedlé kolonie)</div> <div><strong>BACHOŘEC</strong> (bachor a čepec přežvýkavců, brvy jen v několika kruzích, symbióza)</div> <div><strong>SLÁVINKA</strong></div> <div><strong>ROURNATKY</strong> (rozmnožují se pučením, brvy mají pouze dceřinná stadia – čerstvě oddělené pupeny)</div></ul> <h3><a name="TOC-2"></a><strong><font color="#cc0000" size="3"><br/> </font></strong></h3> <h3><a name="TOC-EKOLOGIE-PRVOK-"></a><strong><font color="#cc0000" size="3">EKOLOGIE PRVOKŮ</font></strong></h3> <ul> <li>konzumenti I. („býložravci“) a II. řádu (predátoři), reducenti</li></ul> <div>┌ prvoci <strong>saprofytičtí</strong> = živí se odumřelými organickými zbytky, bioindikátory – bodo, nálevníci</div> <div>├ prvoci <strong>komenzální</strong> = žijí ve střevech obratlovců, neškodí – měňavka střevní</div> <div>├ prvoci <strong>symbiotičtí</strong> = prospívají si s hostitelem navzájem – bachořci</div> <div>└ prvoci <strong>parazitičtí</strong> = škodí hostiteli, původci chorob – výtrusovci, hmyzomorky, výtrusenky</div><h3><a name="TOC-3"></a><font color="#cc0000"><br/></font></h3><h3><a name="TOC-GALERIE-VYBRAN-CH-Z-STUPC-"></a><font color="#cc0000">GALERIE VYBRANÝCH ZÁSTUPCŮ</font></h3><div><div style="display:block;text-align:left"><div style="display:block;text-align:left"><div style="display:block;text-align:left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-protist/prvoci/09_ko%C5%99enono%C5%BEci2.png?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1"></a><img border="0" height="273" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://www.biomach.cz/_/rsrc/1310512540116/biologie-protist/prvoci/09_ko%C5%99enono%C5%BEci2.png?height=273&width=400" width="400"/><img border="0" height="278" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://www.biomach.cz/_/rsrc/1310512664350/biologie-protist/prvoci/11_hmyzomorky%2Cv%C3%BDtrusenky2.png?height=278&width=400" width="400"/></div></div><div style="display:block;text-align:left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918/http://www.biomach.cz/biologie-protist/prvoci/08_bi%C4%8D%C3%ADkovci.png?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1"><div style="display:block;text-align:left"><br/></div><div style="display:block;text-align:left"><br/></div></a><img border="0" height="400" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://www.biomach.cz/_/rsrc/1310512586469/biologie-protist/prvoci/10_v%C3%BDtrusovci2.png?height=400&width=276" width="276"/><img border="0" height="400" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://www.biomach.cz/_/rsrc/1310512724820/biologie-protist/prvoci/12_n%C3%A1levn%C3%ADci2.png?height=400&width=284" width="284"/><img border="0" height="400" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014014918im_/http://www.biomach.cz/_/rsrc/1310512449472/biologie-protist/prvoci/08_bi%C4%8D%C3%ADkovci.png?height=400&width=323" width="323"/></div><div style="display:block;text-align:left"><br/></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div id="sites-canvas-bottom-panel"> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="COMP_page-subpages"> </div> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="COMP_page-attachments" style="display:none" class="sites-canvas-bottom-no-items"> <div id="sites-attachment-wrapper" class="sites-canvas-bottom-panel-wrapper"> <div jotid="sites-attachment-inner" style="display:none;" class="sites-attachment-inner"> <ul id="JOT_ATTACH_container"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="page-comments"></a> <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="COMP_page-comments" style="display:none;" class="sites-canvas-bottom-no-items"> <div id="sites-comment-wrapper" class="sites-canvas-bottom-panel-wrapper"> <div> <h3 id="sites-comment-header"> <strong>Komentáře</strong> </h3> </div> <div id="sites-comment-inner" class="sites-comment-inner"> <div jotid="comments" class="sites-comments"> <div id="_wuid_" jotid="template" class="sites-comment" style="display:none"> <div><strong>_displayNameOrEmail_</strong> - 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