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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of dance</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assyrian_wedding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Assyrian_wedding.jpg/250px-Assyrian_wedding.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Assyrian_wedding.jpg/375px-Assyrian_wedding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Assyrian_wedding.jpg/500px-Assyrian_wedding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>Ornamented <a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">canes</a> (<i>qopala</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Handkerchief" title="Handkerchief">handkerchiefs</a> (<i>yalekhta</i>) may be wielded by the dancers.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Assyrian folk dances</b> are sets of <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dances</a> that are performed throughout the world by <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>, mostly on occasions such as weddings, community parties and other jubilant events.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Assyrian folk dances are mainly made up of <a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle dances</a> like ballet that are performed in a line, which may be straight, curved, or both. Most of the dances allow unlimited number of participants, with the exception of the <i>Sabre Dance</i>, which require three at most. Assyrian dances would vary from weak to strong, depending on the mood and <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> of a song. </p><p>Assyrian folk dances belong to five <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">metric groups</a>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> (10 dances), <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> (6 dances), <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> (13 dances), <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>9</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> (1 dance), <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>10</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> (1 dance). The tempo would usually range from slow (70 beats per minute) to very fast (140 beats).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique">Technique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assyriankhigga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Assyriankhigga.jpg/220px-Assyriankhigga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Assyriankhigga.jpg/330px-Assyriankhigga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Assyriankhigga.jpg/440px-Assyriankhigga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Traditional_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional clothing">Lore clothing</a> may be worn in the <a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">folk dance</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>All Assyrians dances, with the exception of the <i>Sabre Dance</i>, are done in a connected circle. Most Assyrian circle dances are lateral, vining and open-ended, where more and more participants can join the dance. In an open floor space, the lines assume open circular shapes where they tend to curve and acquire <a href="/wiki/Spiral" title="Spiral">spiral</a> shapes as determined by floor space availability.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are only five ways of moving the body; <i>Step, leap, run, hop</i> and <i>jump</i>. The legs are also used to stamp, stomp and kick. The arms are used predominantly and they'd usually move independently of the legs. Arm gestures include <a href="/wiki/Deflection_(physics)" title="Deflection (physics)">bouncing</a>, swinging forward and back, moving side-to-side, lifting above the head and <a href="/wiki/Clapping" title="Clapping">clapping</a>. </p><p>In many dances, the torso, along with the shoulders and arms, bounce up and down rhythmically. <a href="/wiki/Stomp_(strike)" title="Stomp (strike)">Stomps</a> and stamps are also executed in Assyrian folk dances. Knee bends, deep <a href="/wiki/Squatting_position" title="Squatting position">squats</a> and leg extensions are a regular occurrence in Assyrian dance.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The connections include, hand-to-hand, hand to shoulder, and hand to hip, with hand-to-hand being the most popular. The hand-to-hand type has three connections; The "W", the "V" and the "T". The "W" arm hold is the most common where the arms are raised into the "W" position (or, at least, it appears to look like the letter W). The "T" dance is where hands are placed on other participants's shoulders. This is the least common dance of the three.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dances">Dances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fast_pace">Fast pace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fast pace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b>Siskany</b></i>: The Siskany dance involves the participants briskly shaking their shoulders where they move their limbs energetically, with an emphasis on their feet in a zippy manner. Sometimes the khigga beat is geared up to this to indicate a climactic end. The pulsating tempo is consanguineous to the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a> found in western music. The dance technique is virtually like the khigga one, albeit it is in a faster fashion. Alternatively, a simpler form involves the dancers plainly going forwards and backwards to the beat with stomps, as if they are rocking or swinging. The dance goes by the time signature of <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and the tempo is around 120-135bpm.</li> <li><i><b>Gubbare</b></i>: Mostly danced at the end of a party. The music is fast, lively and upbeat, akin to a <a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">jig</a>. The music accompanying the dance is typically in the <a href="/wiki/Major_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Major key">major key</a>. <a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">Pinkies</a> interlock, dancers repeatedly go forward and back in motion in the circle. Popular song in a gubareh beat is <i>Tom Tom</i> by <a href="/wiki/Linda_George_(Assyrian_singer)" title="Linda George (Assyrian singer)">Linda George</a>. Gubareh is in <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and its tempo is around 125-135bpm.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bablakavid.ogg/220px--Bablakavid.ogg.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="Bablakavid.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bablakavid.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Bablakavid.ogg/Bablakavid.ogg.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Bablakavid.ogg" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Bablakavid.ogg/Bablakavid.ogg.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Bablakavid.ogg/Bablakavid.ogg.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Bablakavid.ogg/Bablakavid.ogg.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Bablakavid.ogg/Bablakavid.ogg.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><i>Bablaka</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><b>Bablaka</b></i>: Fervently danced, with pinkies interlocking, where they (hands and arms too) move up and down energetically and perennially.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But unlike <i>gubareh</i>, the participant is more stable where they will not prance forward and backwards in the dance floor. Motion is intemperately focused on arms, shoulders and hands in <i>bablaka</i>. Dancers may also rhythmically bend knees. The beat is virtually homogeneous to <i>gubareh</i>. It also danced at the end of parties. The meter is <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and tempo is around 125-130bpm.</li> <li><i><b>Belaty</b></i>: The dance is accompanied by a moderately fast-paced <a href="/wiki/Arab_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab pop">Arabic rhythm</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Belly_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Belly dancing">belly dancing</a> music). Dancers would connect hand-to-hand in the circle, lift legs to the beat whilst making a slight leap and kick their legs to the sides in the air (this would repeat). An example of a notable song with a belaty beat is <i>Ahela Yoni</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ashur_Bet_Sargis" title="Ashur Bet Sargis">Ashur Bet Sargis</a>. Becoming somewhat rare and unwonted recently, songs traditionally in its rhythm are now played and danced to in the <i>Bagiyeh</i> or <i>Peda</i> beat. The beat is 125-135bpm. <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tovlama" title="Tovlama">Tolama</a></b></i>: Lively and energetic dance where the participants constantly jump and kick legs in the air repeatedly (similar in fashion to <i>belaty</i> and <i>gubareh</i>), whilst also moving their torso forward and backwards. It also danced at the end of parties after Gubbareh, but it is not as commonly practiced as Gubbareh. Notable song in this beat is <i>Shoshonla</i> by <a href="/wiki/Shamiram_Urshan" title="Shamiram Urshan">Shamiram Urshan</a>. The time signature is <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and temp is 125-140bpm.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90.png/220px-%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90.png/330px-%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90.png/440px-%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>Assyrian traditional costumes, with the lead dancer bearing a sword</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sword_dance" title="Sword dance">Sabre dance</a></b></i>: A <a href="/wiki/Solo_dance" title="Solo dance">solo dance</a> that usually involves one to three participants. As the dance starts, the <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a> bearer dances by himself, waving his sword and holding his shield (a shield is optional, though). The dance represents the symbolic surrender of the <a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">bride</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Groom" class="mw-redirect" title="Groom">groom</a> and his family. In weddings, it is performed by the closest male relatives of the couple. The rhythm is a <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> duple meter, and this gives a "springy" feeling to the dance.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderate_pace">Moderate pace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Moderate pace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Khigga" title="Khigga">Khigga</a></b></i>: The simplest and most common dance beat in Assyrian music. Individuals hold hands with the line or circle following around the dance floor where they gently move one leg forward, backward and repeat with the next leg. Its music is the first beat that is played when welcoming the <a href="/wiki/Bride" title="Bride">bride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groom" class="mw-redirect" title="Groom">groom</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">reception</a> hall. A notable song with this beat is <i>Moralon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Evin_Agassi" title="Evin Agassi">Evin Agassi</a>. Furthermore, the term <i>khigga</i> is also occasionally used to denote all the Assyrian folk circle dances, i.e. "Khigga'd belaty" ("khigga of belaty"), "khigga'd gubareh", etc. It is generally danced from right to left by <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Assyrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Assyrians">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Assyrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Assyrian">Iranian Assyrians</a>. Khigga goes by the <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">time signature</a> of <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> with moderate <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> between 105-115bpm. Rhythm is similar to that of a <a href="/wiki/Swing_(jazz_performance_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (jazz performance style)">shuffle</a> beat. <ul><li><i><b>Heavy Khigga (Khigga Yaqoora)</b></i>: Virtually the same dance as above, except the tempo is 'heavier' where the participants would make more ardent and exaggerated moves, as its name suggests, namely knee bending. It is not to be confused with <i>Siskani</i>, as that dance beat is faster and has distinguishing techniques. It is danced from right to left by Assyrians from Iraq and Iran, and left to right by Assyrians from Syria. Connection is always made by hands. Examples of songs having this beat is <i>Zayno Mala</i> by David Simon. Heavy khigga goes by the <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">time signature</a> of <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> with <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> between 115-120bpm.</li> <li><i><b>Khigga'd Suria (Syrian Khigga) or Beriyeh</b></i>: Danced by <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Assyrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Assyrian">Assyrians from Syria</a>, it is a standard khigga that is generally accompanied by a faster beat, usually at around 110-120bpm. Dancers connect by pinkies, where they repeatedly wave their connected pinkies whilst taking a few steps forwards and one step backwards. It is generally danced from left to right. The dance technique is similar to <i>gubareh</i>, but it lacks the fast-paced multiple forward-steps and leg kicking. It is danced during the entrance of the bride and groom at weddings.</li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tamzara" title="Tamzara">Tanzara</a></b></i>: Legend has it that the dance was brought to Anatolia by the Ancient <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a> during their conquest of the region in the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian empire">Assyrian empire</a> in commemoration to the god of food and vegetation. Dancers connect by holding hands in the circle or line, go forwards and backwards by making a little knee bending. Uncommon than above dances. The time signature is <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and tempo is 115-125bpm.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kochari" title="Kochari">Kochari</a></b></i>: The notable attribute of this dance is that the participants are connected by arms-on-arms (akin to <a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">dabke</a>). Each leg makes a kick in a repetitive manner. Common among Assyrians in Syria. Very rare among other Assyrians. <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 110-120bpm</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slow_pace">Slow pace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Slow pace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b>Sheikhani</b></i>: One of the older dances, Sheikhani is laid-back, albeit bouncy, and slightly slower than khigga. The main movement is <a href="/wiki/Two-step_(dance_move)" title="Two-step (dance move)">two-step</a>. The two-step begins with the right foot (right-left-right) and is then repeated with the left foot (left-right-left). Hands are interlocked, left arm is bent at the elbow and pressed against the back, right arm held forward against the back of the dancer in front. The dancers go forward a couple steps in, with their arms at their sides and at the same time, kick into the center. After that, they immediately step back out. A notable song with a sheikhani beat is <i>Wye Wye Minakh</i> by <a href="/wiki/Sargon_Gabriel" title="Sargon Gabriel">Sargon Gabriel</a>. Sheykhani is <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> in time signature and is 90-105bpm. Rhythm is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Dembow" class="mw-redirect" title="Dembow">dembow</a>.</li> <li><i><b>Bagiye</b></i>: Evolved from Sheikhani, Bagiyeh has a move where the dancers slowly turn to face the back of the dancer in front or side of them, leisurely kick both legs in the air, then brusquely raise hands into air whilst making a sharp rotation. The dancers would turn to the right; their hands are hooked to one another by the fingers, the right arm is bent in front of the body, and the left arm is bent in behind the back. Although similar, bagiye is more sluggish and elaborate than sheikhany. There is a homogeneous variant of this dance called <i><b>Peda</b></i> with particularised sets of songs, popularised by singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Adwar_Mousa" title="Adwar Mousa">Adwar Mousa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. The dance beat has gotten popular in the late 2000s and 2010s, with songs traditionally in the <i>belaty</i> rhythm being incorporated into this beat. Notable song with a bagiyeh beat is <i>Yalekhta</i> by Linda George. Notable song affiliated with peda is <i>Narineh</i> by <a href="/wiki/Sargon_Gabriel" title="Sargon Gabriel">Sargon Gabriel</a>. Bagiyeh is <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> in time signature and is 80-95bpm.</li> <li><i><b>Georgina</b></i>: A <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Kurdish</a>-inspired dance that's slow-paced and usually accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Sentimental_ballad" title="Sentimental ballad">sentimental ballads</a> (one popular song being <i>Zereneh</i> by <a href="/wiki/Janan_Sawa" title="Janan Sawa">Janan Sawa</a>). The music tends have a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish music">Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Kurdish</a> flavour. Dancers hold the pinkie or little finger and move them rhythmically (akin to <i>bablaka</i>, albeit gently). It is more common among Chaldean Assyrians. The tempo is around 70bpm-80bpm. <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>3</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>.</li> <li><i><b>Chobi</b></i>: A modern circle dance found in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi music">Iraqi music</a>. It is also practiced by <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Assyrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Assyrians">Iraqi Assyrians</a>. The dance is similar to <i>khigga</i>, but it would have more pronounced leg elevation and swaying. Each leg swiftly kicks to the air and repeats. Arms sway forwards and backwards. Songs may usually be in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Arabic">Iraqi Arabic</a>, but a few Assyrian songs such as <i>Teela Teela</i> by Evin Agassi would have this rhythm. The tempo is around 95bpm-100bpm.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>Arabanoo</b></i>: A slow circle dance where dancers interconnect with pinkies and sway tardily around in a circle. Mostly practiced among Urmian Assyrians. It is not to confused with Georgina as this dance is slower and more serene in comparison. <i>Aywateh</i> by Evin Agassi utilizes this beat. Uncommon. <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 52-66bpm</li> <li><i><b>Azia Tamma</b></i>: Similar to <i>sheikhani</i> in terms of pace, but with more steps that go forward and backwards (or reverse) a notch. Not common. <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 82-88bpm</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_dances">Other dances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other dances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These Assyrian folk dances are rarely danced, but they're still practiced within some tribes and/or special events: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><i><b>Akmale</b></i></li> <li><i><b>Azrabukeh</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 116-126bpm</li> <li><i><b>Bet-Karkhan</b></i></li> <li><i><b>Beriyo</b></i></li> <li><i><b>Chalakhan</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 126-132bpm</li> <li><i><b>Demale</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 63-69bpm</li> <li><i><b>Dimdimma</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> or <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 72-76 (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>), 118-122bpm (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>)</li> <li><i><b>Hareigooleh</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 116-124bpm</li> <li><i><b>Hoberban</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 130-134bpm</li> <li><i><b>Janiman</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>10</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 60-66bpm</li> <li><i><b>Mamer</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 122-130bpm</li> <li><i><b>Janiman</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>10</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 60-66bpm</li> <li><i><b>Hoberban</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 130-134bpm</li> <li><i><b>Mamyana</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 68-74bpm</li> <li><i><b>Shapshapa</b></i></li> <li><i><b>Shara</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 92-100bpm</li> <li><i><b>Sinjiyeh</b></i></li> <li><i><b>Zingirta</b></i>: <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, 120-150bpm</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrtos" title="Syrtos">Sirto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horon_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horon (dance)">Horon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(dance)" title="Bar (dance)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_dro" title="An dro">An dro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Music of Iraq</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aina.org/articles/tafd.pdf">30 Assyrian Folk Dances by Peter Pnuel BetBasoo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrian_folk_dance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrae, W. Farbige kemik aus Assur, Fig. 29, s.24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stauder, W. Harfen Und Leiern Vorderasiens im Babylonischer under Assyrischer Zeit, s. 51-55, 36-38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engel, Carl. The Musik of the most ancient nation, London, 1864.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anca_Giurchescu" title="Anca Giurchescu">Anca Giurchescu</a>, Sunni Bloland; Romanian Traditional Dance; Wild Flower Press; Mill Valley, California; 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subhi Anwar Rashid, Mesopotamien, Abb 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolf Laban, The Mastery of Movement; Boston: Plays; 1950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subhi Anwar Rashid, Mesopotamien (Musikgeschichte in Bildern, Leipzig 1984, S. 130 Abb 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subhi Anwar Rashid, The History of Musical Instruments in Old Iraq, Fig. 41 (In Arabic)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dance" title="Template:Dance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dance" title="Template talk:Dance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">Dance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_dance_articles" title="Index of dance articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_dance" title="Outline of dance">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dances" title="List of dances">List of dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dancers" title="List of dancers">List of dancers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solo_dance" title="Solo dance">Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partner_dance" title="Partner dance">Partner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Close_embrace" title="Close embrace">close embrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_position" title="Closed position">closed position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_position" title="Open position">open position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_dance" title="Slow dance">slow dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_dance" title="Contra dance">contra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_dance" title="Line dance">line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_dance" title="Round dance">round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">square</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_dance" title="Social dance">Social</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dance" title="Ceremonial dance">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_dance" title="Competitive dance">Competitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstatic_dance" title="Ecstatic dance">Ecstatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_dance" title="Erotic dance">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go_go_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Go go dance">Go go dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_(dance)" title="Grinding (dance)">Grinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoochie_coochie" title="Hoochie coochie">Hoochie coochie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_dance" title="Lap dance">Lap dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Burlesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Burlesque">Neo-Burlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_dance" title="Pole dance">Pole dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">Striptease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_dance" title="Table dance">Table dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twerking" title="Twerking">Twerking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_and_fad_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Novelty and fad dances">Novelty and fad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_dance" title="Sacred dance">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_dance" title="Street dance">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_dance" title="War dance">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_styles" title="List of dance styles">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">Acro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballroom_dance" title="Ballroom dance">Ballroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_dance" title="Formation dance">formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belly_dance" title="Belly dance">Belly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_(funk_dance)" title="Boogaloo (funk dance)">Boogaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakdancing" title="Breakdancing">Breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_dance" title="Contemporary dance">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country%E2%80%93western_dance" title="Country–western dance">Country–western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop dance">Hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_dance" title="Historical dance">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_dance" title="Jazz dance">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_dance" title="Latin dance">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_dance" title="Lyrical dance">Lyrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_dance" title="Postmodern dance">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_(dance)" title="Swing (dance)">Swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">Tap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-step_(dance_move)" title="Two-step (dance move)">Two-step</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_technique" title="Category:Dance technique">Technique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_technique" title="Ballet technique">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choreography_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choreography (dance)">Choreography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connection_(dance)" title="Connection (dance)">Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_theory" title="Dance theory">Dance theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_technique" title="Graham technique">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_and_follow" title="Lead and follow">Lead and follow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_move" title="Dance move">Moves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_dance_moves" title="Glossary of dance moves">glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicality" title="Musicality">Musicality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_technique" title="Pointe technique">Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_dance" title="Pole dance">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_dance" title="Sequence dance">Sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotting_(dance_technique)" title="Spotting (dance technique)">Spotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnout_(ballet)" title="Turnout (ballet)">Turnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_(dance_and_gymnastics)" title="Turn (dance and gymnastics)">Turns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic,_regional,_and_folk_dances_by_origin" title="List of ethnic, regional, and folk dances by origin">Regional</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_national_dances" title="List of national dances">national<br />dances</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_dance" title="African dance">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_dances" title="List of Albanian dances">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_folk_dances" title="Arab folk dances">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dance" title="Armenian dance">Armenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Australia" title="Dance in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_folk_dance" title="Austrian folk dance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances" title="Azerbaijani dances">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_traditional_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian traditional dance">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian dances">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_dance" title="Burmese dance">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cameroon" title="Dance in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Canada" title="Dance in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_China" title="Dance in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian dances">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_from_Cuba" title="Dance from Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_folk_dance" title="Danish folk dance">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_dances" title="European dances">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_chain_dance" title="Faroese chain dance">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dance" title="Georgian dance">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_dances" title="Greek dances">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dance">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_India" title="Dance in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia" title="Dance in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Dances in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_folk_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli folk dancing">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_dance" title="Italian folk dance">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_traditional_dance" title="Japanese traditional dance">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_dance" title="Korean dance">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Malaysia" title="Dance in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk dance of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Nepal" title="Dance in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_folk_dance" title="Dutch folk dance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian dances">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine dance">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_folk_dances" title="Polish folk dances">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_folk_dance" title="Pontic Greek folk dance">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_dance" title="Romani dance">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_dance" title="Russian folk dance">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_dances" title="Serbian dances">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Singapore" title="Dance in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Dance in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Thailand" title="Dance in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish dance">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dance" title="Ukrainian dance">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">African-American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Uzbekistan" title="Dance in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Venezuela" title="Dance in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Vietnamese dance">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Dance of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Zimbabwe" title="Dance in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance" title="Category:Dance">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physically_integrated_dance" title="Physically integrated dance">Dance and disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_and_health" title="Dance and health">Dance and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_awards" title="List of dance awards">Dance awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_costume" title="Dance costume">Dance costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_etiquette" title="Dance etiquette">Dance etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_notation" title="Dance notation">Dance notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_mythology_and_religion" title="Dance in mythology and religion">Dance in mythology and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_occupations" title="List of dance occupations">Dance occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_on_television" title="Dance on television">Dance on television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_research" title="Dance research">Dance research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_science" title="Dance science">Dance science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_technology" title="Dance technology">Dance technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_troupe" title="Dance troupe">Dance troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_mania" title="Dancing mania">Dancing mania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_dance" title="History of dance">History of dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_dance" title="Women in dance">Women in dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Assyrian_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Assyrian_people_footer" title="Template:Assyrian people footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Assyrian_people_footer" title="Template talk:Assyrian people footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Assyrian_people_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Assyrian people footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Assyrian_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian people</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Identity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_continuity" title="Assyrian continuity">Assyrian continuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian%E2%80%93Chaldean%E2%80%93Syriac_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora">Assyrian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholics" title="Chaldean Catholics">Chaldean Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terms_for_Syriac_Christians" title="Terms for Syriac Christians">Terms for Syriac Christians</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Assyrians_(gold_and_blue_Assur).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Assyrian flag"><img alt="The Assyrian flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians_%28gold_and_blue_Assur%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_flag" title="Assyrian flag">Assyrian flag</a><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Syriac-Aramaic_People.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Syriac-Aramean flag"><img alt="The Syriac-Aramean flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_Syriac-Aramaic_People.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Syriac-Aramaic_People.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_Syriac-Aramaic_People.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Syriac-Aramaic_People.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_Syriac-Aramaic_People.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Syriac-Aramaic_People.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Aramean-Syriac_flag" title="Aramean-Syriac flag">Aramean-Syriac flag</a><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaldean_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chaldean flag"><img alt="The Chaldean flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chaldean_flag.svg/100px-Chaldean_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chaldean_flag.svg/150px-Chaldean_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chaldean_flag.svg/200px-Chaldean_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_flag" title="Chaldean flag">Chaldean flag</a><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> (518–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac Catholic Church</a> (1662–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Evangelical_Church" title="Assyrian Evangelical Church">Assyrian Evangelical Church</a> (1870–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Pentecostal_Church" title="Assyrian Pentecostal Church">Assyrian Pentecostal Church</a> (1940–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac Rite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a> (1552–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a> (1692–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient Church of the East</a> (1968–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a><br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suret_language" title="Suret language">Assyrian Neo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suret_language" title="Suret language">Chaldean Neo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turoyo_language" title="Turoyo language">Turoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Bohtan" title="Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan">Bohtan Neo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Hertevin" title="Neo-Aramaic dialect of Hertevin">Hertevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Senaya" title="Christian Neo-Aramaic dialect of Senaya">Senaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mla%E1%B8%A5s%C3%B4_language" title="Mlaḥsô language">Mlaḥsô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_culture" title="Assyrian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian folk/pop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mesopotamia" title="Music of Mesopotamia">Music of Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_sacral_music" title="Syriac sacral music">Syriac sacral music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian clothing">Clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Assyrian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Assyrian people">History</a><br /><small>(including<br />related<br />contexts)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Assyria" title="Timeline of ancient Assyria">Ancient Assyria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Assyrian_period" title="Early Assyrian period">Early Assyrian period</a> (2600–2025 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Assyrian_period" title="Old Assyrian period">Old Assyrian period</a> (2025–1364 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian Empire</a> (1363–912 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> (911–609 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-imperial_Assyria" title="Post-imperial Assyria">Post-imperial Assyria</a> (609 BCE–240 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Ancient Mesopotamian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arameans" title="Arameans">Arameans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_tribes" title="List of Assyrian tribes">Assyrian tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical<br />antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a> (312–63 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a> (247 BCE–224 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Osroene</a> (132 BCE–244 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Wars" title="Syrian Wars">Syrian Wars</a> (66 BCE–217 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Roman Syria</a> (64 BCE–637 CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiabene" title="Adiabene">Adiabene</a> (15–116)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria_(Roman_province)" title="Assyria (Roman province)">Roman Assyria</a> (116–118)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Christianization</a> (1st to 3rd c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorian_schism" title="Nestorian schism">Nestorian schism</a> (5th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a> (<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon" title="Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon">410</a>-<a href="/wiki/Schism_of_1552" title="Schism of 1552">1552</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoristan" title="Asoristan">Asoristan</a> (226–651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_Wars" title="Byzantine–Sasanian Wars">Byzantine–Sasanian Wars</a> (502–628)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia">Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia</a> (630s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of Syria</a> (630s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> (750–1258)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Mosul" title="List of rulers of Mosul">Emirs of Mosul</a> (905–1383)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid amirate</a> (945–1055)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> (1098–1268)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> (1258–1335)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalayirid_Sultanate" title="Jalayirid Sultanate">Jalayirid Sultanate</a> (1335–1432)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu</a> (1375–1468)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a> (1453–1501)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Assyrian_people#Islamic_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Assyrian people">Safavid Empire</a> (1508–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Assyrian_people#Islamic_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Assyrian people">Ottoman Empire</a> (1555–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism_of_1552" title="Schism of 1552">Schism of 1552</a> (16th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1843_and_1846_massacres_in_Hakkari" title="1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari">Massacres of Badr Khan</a> (1840s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Diyarbekir_(1895)" title="Massacres of Diyarbekir (1895)">Massacres of Diyarbekir</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_nationalism" title="Assyrian nationalism">Rise of nationalism</a> (19th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a> (1914–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_independence_movement" title="Assyrian independence movement">Independence movement</a> (1919–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simele_massacre" title="Simele massacre">Simele massacre</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Iraq#Post-Saddam_Iraq" title="Assyrians in Iraq">Post-Saddam Iraq</a> (2003–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by ISIL">Genocide of Christians by ISIL</a> (2014–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_population_by_country" title="Assyrian population by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Homeland</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_settlements" title="List of Assyrian settlements">Settlements</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Iraq" title="Assyrians in Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains" title="Nineveh Plains">Nineveh Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qaraqosh" title="Qaraqosh">Qaraqosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alqosh" title="Alqosh">Alqosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Keppe" title="Tel Keppe">Tel Keppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartella" title="Bartella">Bartella</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankawa" title="Ankawa">Ankawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqlawa" title="Shaqlawa">Shaqlawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakho" title="Zakho">Zakho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Iran" title="Assyrians in Iran">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmas" title="Salmas">Salmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Syria" title="Assyrians in Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate">Al-Hasakah Governorate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tamer" title="Tell Tamer">Tell Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabur_(Euphrates)" title="Khabur (Euphrates)">Khabur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Turkey" title="Assyrians in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakkari_(historical_region)" title="Hakkari (historical region)">Hakkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F" title="Elazığ">Elazığ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardin_Province" title="Mardin Province">Mardin Province</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maz%C4%B1da%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Mazıdağı">Mazıdağı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur_Abdin" title="Tur Abdin">Tur Abdin</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian%E2%80%93Chaldean%E2%80%93Syriac_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Armenia" title="Assyrians in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Australians" title="Assyrian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Belgium" title="Assyrians in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Canadians" title="Assyrian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Finland" title="Assyrians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_France" title="Assyrians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Georgia" title="Assyrians in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Assyrians" title="German Assyrians">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Greece" title="Assyrians in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Israel" title="Assyrians in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Jordan" title="Assyrians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Lebanon" title="Assyrians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Mexicans" title="Assyrian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Assyrians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_New_Zealand" title="Assyrians in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Assyrians in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Russia" title="Assyrians in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians/Syriacs_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrians/Syriacs in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Assyrians" title="British Assyrians">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_Eastern_people_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrians in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_nationalism" title="Assyrian nationalism">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Democratic_Movement" title="Assyrian Democratic Movement">Assyrian Democratic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Democratic_Organization" title="Assyrian Democratic Organization">Assyrian Democratic Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Universal_Alliance" title="Assyrian Universal Alliance">Assyrian Universal Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawronoye" title="Dawronoye">Dawronoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Syriac Union Party (Syria)">Syriac Union Party (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Union_Party_(Lebanon)" title="Syriac Union Party (Lebanon)">Syriac Union Party (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutoro" title="Sutoro">Sutoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle_Eastern_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_Eastern_music" title="Template:Middle Eastern music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_Eastern_music" title="Template talk:Middle Eastern music"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Bedouin_music" title="Bedouin music">Bedouin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khaliji_(music)" title="Khaliji (music)">khaliji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samri" title="Samri">samri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sawt_(music)" title="Sawt (music)">sawt</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_music" title="Coptic music">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_hip_hop" title="Middle Eastern hip hop">Hip hop</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_hip_hop" title="Arabic hip hop">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hip_hop" title="Egyptian hip hop">Egyptian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_hip_hop" title="Iranian hip hop">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_hip_hop" title="Israeli hip hop">Israeli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jewish_hip_hop" title="Jewish hip hop">Jewish</a>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_hip_hop" title="Lebanese hip hop">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hip_hop" title="Palestinian hip hop">Palestinian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_hip_hop" title="Turkish hip hop">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Iranian classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman classical music">Ottoman classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">Pop</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_music" title="Luri music">Luri music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bahrain" title="Music of Bahrain">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt" title="Music of Egypt">Egyptian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Coptic_music" title="Coptic music">Coptic</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Music of the United Arab Emirates">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iraq" title="Music of Iraq">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel" title="Music of Israel">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jordan" title="Music of Jordan">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kuwait" title="Music of Kuwait">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lebanon" title="Music of Lebanon">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oman" title="Music of Oman">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Qatar" title="Music of Qatar">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Music of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Syria" title="Music of Syria">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yemen" title="Music of Yemen">Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Dance</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Arab_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab dance">Arab</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Assyrian folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belly_dance" title="Belly dance">belly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_folk_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli folk dancing">Israeli folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance" title="Jewish dance">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian dance">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_folk_dance" title="Pontic Greek folk dance">Pontic Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish dance">Turkish</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastgah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dastgah">Dastgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantezi" title="Fantezi">Fantezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_in_Arabian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm in Arabian music">Iqa'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanto_(music)" title="Kanto (music)">Kanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khigga" title="Khigga">Khigga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Arabic maqam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_maqam" title="Iraqi maqam">Iraqi maqam</a>), <a href="/wiki/Turkish_makam" title="Turkish makam">Turkish makam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_in_Turkish_music" title="Rhythm in Turkish music">Usul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Circle_dance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Circle_dance" title="Template:Circle dance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Circle_dance" title="Template talk:Circle dance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Circle_dance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Circle dance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Circle_dance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">Circle dance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana_(dance)" title="Adana (dance)">Adana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_dro" title="An dro">An dro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Assyrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khigga" title="Khigga">khigga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballu_tundu" title="Ballu tundu">Ballu tundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berd" title="Berd">Berd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachua" title="Cachua">Cachua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dabke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_of_Universal_Peace" title="Dances of Universal Peace">Dances of Universal Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroese dance">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganggangsullae" title="Ganggangsullae">Ganggangsullae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost dance">Ghost dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halay" title="Halay">Halay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hora_(dance)" title="Hora (dance)">Hora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karik%C3%A1z%C3%B3" title="Karikázó">Karikázó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorovod" title="Khorovod">Khorovod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolo_(dance)" title="Kolo (dance)">Kolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6rt%C3%A1nc" title="Körtánc">Körtánc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Kurdish dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letkajenkka" title="Letkajenkka">Letkajenkka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayim_Mayim" title="Mayim Mayim">Mayim Mayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_folk_dance" title="Pontic Greek folk dance">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrtos" title="Syrtos">Syrtos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamzara" title="Tamzara">Tamzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantella" title="Tarantella">Tarantella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabal_chongba" title="Thabal chongba">Thabal chongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tresenica" title="Tresenica">Tresenica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barmaley_Fountain" title="Barmaley Fountain">Barmaley Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumambulation" title="Circumambulation">Circumambulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstatic_dance" title="Ecstatic dance">Ecstatic dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Participation dance">Participation dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_a_Ring_o%27_Roses" title="Ring a Ring o' Roses">Ring a Ring o' Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_dance" title="Sacred dance">Sacred dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Wosien" title="Bernhard Wosien">Bernhard Wosien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_dances" title="List of dances">List of dances</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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