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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Disponibile in 22 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="حلزونية (فيزياء الجسيمات) - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلزونية (فيزياء الجسيمات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicitat_(f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules)" title="Helicitat (física de partícules) - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Helicitat (física de partícules)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helizit%C3%A4t" title="Helizität - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Helizität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicity_(particle_physics)" title="Helicity (particle physics) - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Helicity (particle physics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicidad_(f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas)" title="Helicidad (física de partículas) - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Helicidad (física de partículas)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="مارپیچگی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارپیچگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helisiteetti_(hiukkasfysiikka)" title="Helisiteetti (hiukkasfysiikka) - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Helisiteetti (hiukkasfysiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_(physique_des_particules)" title="Hélicité (physique des particules) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hélicité (physique des particules)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պարույրություն - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարույրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC_(%E7%B4%A0%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90)" title="ヘリシティー (素粒子) - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘリシティー (素粒子)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%84%A0%EB%8F%84" title="나선도 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나선도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helisitet" title="Helisitet - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Helisitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skr%C4%99tno%C5%9B%C4%87_(fizyka_cz%C4%85stek_elementarnych)" title="Skrętność (fizyka cząstek elementarnych) - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skrętność (fizyka cząstek elementarnych)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicitate" title="Helicitate - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Helicitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Спиральность частицы - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спиральность частицы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vija%C4%8Dnost" title="Vijačnost - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vijačnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Хелицитет - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хелицитет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicitet" title="Helicitet - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helicitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarmall%C4%B1k_(par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k_fizi%C4%9Fi)" title="Sarmallık (parçacık fiziği) - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sarmallık (parçacık fiziği)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Кисәкчек спиральлеге - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кисәкчек спиральлеге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Спіральність частинки - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спіральність частинки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E5%BA%A6" title="螺旋度 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="螺旋度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>L'<b>elicità</b> classica di una <a href="/wiki/Fisica_delle_particelle" title="Fisica delle particelle">particella</a> è definita come la proiezione del suo <a href="/wiki/Vettore_(matematica)" title="Vettore (matematica)">vettore</a> di <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spin</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57ce74ecbbc0e198d0bb4b1b2ffc0cb9669b72e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {s}}}"></span> nella direzione del suo impulso (<a href="/wiki/Quantit%C3%A0_di_moto" title="Quantità di moto">quantità di moto</a>) <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/84fee53c81592db54e0fe6c6f9eba002bb1dc74b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.415ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}"></span> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H={\frac {{\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {p}}}{\left\|{\vec {p}}\right\|}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mo symmetric="true">‖</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo symmetric="true">‖</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H={\frac {{\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {p}}}{\left\|{\vec {p}}\right\|}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f6d17e2878b20a053db9a619a6839f3f0b2d592" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:10.226ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H={\frac {{\vec {s}}\cdot {\vec {p}}}{\left\|{\vec {p}}\right\|}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Il nome «elicità» deriva dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco</a> <i>ἕλιξ</i> (hélix), voluta, serpeggiamento, spira.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalla definizione consegue che se il vettore di spin punta nella stessa direzione del vettore momento, allora l'elicità sarà positiva, altrimenti negativa. </p><p>In meccanica quantistica, una misura dello spin in una direzione particolare (in questo caso la direzione del moto) può avere solo un numero finito di esiti. Una particella a spin S che si muove lungo la direzione z, avrà pertanto S<small>z</small> = S, S-1, S-2, ..., -S. In particolare, una particella a spin 1/2 può avere solo elicita ±1/2. Per una particella a spin 1, sono possibili tre orientazioni: -1,0,1. </p><p>In relatività ristretta esiste la possibilità che una particella sia senza <a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">massa</a>. Tuttavia, per particelle prive di massa alcune orientazioni non sono disponibili. Per esempio, usando la teoria delle rappresentazioni del <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_di_Lorentz" title="Gruppo di Lorentz">gruppo di Lorentz</a>, è possibile dimostrare che l'orientazione S<small>z</small>=0 non è disponibile per una particella priva di massa con spin 1. Pertanto, l'elicità di un <a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">fotone</a> può essere solo ±1. In generale, per particelle prive di massa l'elicità coincide con la <a href="/wiki/Chiralit%C3%A0_(fisica)" title="Chiralità (fisica)">chiralità</a> moltiplicata per il modulo dello spin. Nel caso di una particella priva di massa a spin 1/2, se l'elicità è -1/2, la chiralità è -1 (chiralità sinistrorsa) mentre se l'elicità è +1/2, la chiralità è +1 (chiralità destrorsa). Queste relazioni valgono assumendo la <a href="/wiki/Costante_di_Planck" title="Costante di Planck">costante di Planck ridotta</a> ħ pari a 1 (<a href="/wiki/Sistema_naturale" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema naturale">sistema naturale</a>). Nel <a href="/wiki/Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Sistema internazionale di unità di misura">Sistema internazionale di unità di misura</a>, l'elicità di una particella a spin 1/2 è ±ħ/2. </p><p>Analogamente, l'elicità di un fotone è ±1 mentre l'elicità di una particella con massa a spin 1 può essere -1,0,+1. </p><p>L'elicità di una particella <i>non</i> è in generale un <a href="/wiki/Invariante_di_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Invariante di Lorentz">invariante di Lorentz</a>. Infatti, mediante una trasformazione di Lorentz che manda <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/84fee53c81592db54e0fe6c6f9eba002bb1dc74b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.415ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -{\vec {p}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -{\vec {p}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5324b98133c7b5f3439b8494cf4536e920bd0070" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.133ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -{\vec {p}}}"></span>, si può cambiare il segno dell'elicità della particella. Questa operazione non è possibile per particelle di massa nulla poiché esse si propagano con la velocità della luce e dunque non è possibile fare una trasformazione di Lorentz <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/84fee53c81592db54e0fe6c6f9eba002bb1dc74b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.415ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -{\vec {p}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -{\vec {p}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5324b98133c7b5f3439b8494cf4536e920bd0070" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.133ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -{\vec {p}}}"></span> . Segue di conseguenza che per queste particelle l'elicità è una grandezza Lorentz-invariante. In conclusione, se la <a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">massa</a> è diversa da zero allora l'elicità <i>non</i> è una quantità Lorentz-invariante mentre se la massa è uguale a zero, l'elicità è una quantità Lorentz-invariante. </p><p>Il caso dei <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrini</a> è particolarmente interessante. Se trascuriamo la massa dei neutrini, l'elicità dei neutrini prodotti dalle interazioni deboli vale -1/2 (elicità sinistrorsa). Ciò è stato dimostrato dall'<a href="/wiki/Esperimento_di_Goldhaber" title="Esperimento di Goldhaber">esperimento di Goldhaber</a> nel 1957. Grazie alle <a href="/wiki/Oscillazione_del_neutrino" title="Oscillazione del neutrino">oscillazioni del neutrino</a>, però, oggi sappiamo che i neutrini sono particelle massive. Pertanto, è sbagliato identificare elicità e chiralità per questo tipo di particelle. I neutrini che partecipano alla interazioni deboli, hanno chiralità uguale a -1 (chiralità sinistrorsa) e la probabilità che essi siano osservati in un sistema di riferimento con un'elicità di segno opposto rispetto alla chiralità (ovvero con elicità destrorsa) è diversa da zero. Questo fenomeno è molto raro nei neutrini, dove la massa è praticamente trascurabile, ma è frequente in particelle più pesanti come gli <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettroni</a> o i <a href="/wiki/Muone" title="Muone">muoni</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elicit%C3%A0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elicit%C3%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Mark Thomson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/840462909"><span style="font-style:italic;">Modern particle physics</span></a>, 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-107-03426-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-107-03426-6">978-1-107-03426-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/840462909">840462909</a>. <small>URL consultato il 15 giugno 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grecoantico.com/dizionario-greco-antico.php?lemma=ELIX100"><span style="font-style:italic;">DIZIONARIO GRECO ANTICO - Greco antico - Italiano</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.grecoantico.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 marzo 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etimo.it/?term=elica&find=Cerca"><span style="font-style:italic;">Etimologia : elica, elice;</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">etimo.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 marzo 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elicit%C3%A0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elicit%C3%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (1955): <i>Pierre Curie</i>, <a href="/wiki/Parigi" title="Parigi">Parigi</a>, Éditions Dënoel; traduzione italiana <a href="/w/index.php?title=CUEN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUEN (la pagina non esiste)">CUEN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli">Napoli</a>, 1998. L'edizione originale è del 1925.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> (1894): <i>Sur la symétrie dans les phénomenes physiques, symétrie d'un champ eléctrique et d'un champ magnétique</i>, Journal de Physique 3me serie 3, 393-415.</li> <li>István Hargittai e Magdolna Hargittai (1995): <i>Symmetry Through the Eyes of a Chemist</i>, 2ª edizione, <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, Kluwer.</li> <li>István Hargittai e Magdolna Hargittai (2000): <i>In Our Own Image</i>, New York, Kluwer. Jenann, Ismael (2001): Essays on Symmetry, New York, Garland.</li> <li>Alan Holden (1971): <i>Shapes, Space and Symmetry</i>, New York, Columbia University Press; ristampa New York, Dover, 1991.</li> <li>Joe Rosen (1975): <i>Symmetry Discovered</i>, Londra, Cambridge University Press; ristampa New York, Dover, 2000.</li> <li>Joe Rosen (1983): <i>A Symmetry Primer for Scientists</i>, New York, <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>.</li> <li>Alexei Vasil'evich Shubnikov e Vladimir Alexandrovich Koptsik (1974): <i>Symmetry in Science and Art</i>, New York, Plenum Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weyl" title="Hermann Weyl">Hermann Weyl</a> (1952): <i>Symmetry</i>. Princeton University Press, 1952. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0691023743" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-02374-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elicit%C3%A0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elicit%C3%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">Spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">Fotone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_di_Dirac" title="Gamma di Dirac">Gamma di Dirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legge_di_conservazione" title="Legge di conservazione">Legge di conservazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmetria_(fisica)" title="Simmetria (fisica)">Simmetria (fisica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiralit%C3%A0_(fisica)" title="Chiralità (fisica)">Chiralità (fisica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasformazioni_di_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Trasformazioni di Lorentz">Trasformazioni di Lorentz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elicit%C3%A0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elicit%C3%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/elicit%C3%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:elicità">Wikizionario</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/elicit%C3%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:elicità">elicità</a></b>»</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Fisica" title="Portale:Fisica">Portale Fisica</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gravitation_space_source_(elaboration).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Relatività"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gravitation_space_source_%28elaboration%29.png/25px-Gravitation_space_source_%28elaboration%29.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gravitation_space_source_%28elaboration%29.png/38px-Gravitation_space_source_%28elaboration%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gravitation_space_source_%28elaboration%29.png/50px-Gravitation_space_source_%28elaboration%29.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Relativit%C3%A0" title="Portale:Relatività">Portale Relatività</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elicità&oldid=138404021">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elicità&oldid=138404021</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Teorie_relativistiche" title="Categoria:Teorie relativistiche">Teorie relativistiche</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Meccanica_quantistica" title="Categoria:Meccanica quantistica">Meccanica quantistica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Simmetria" title="Categoria:Simmetria">Simmetria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Fisica_delle_particelle" title="Categoria:Fisica delle particelle">Fisica delle particelle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Fisica_nucleare" title="Categoria:Fisica nucleare">Fisica nucleare</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Leggi_di_conservazione" title="Categoria:Leggi di conservazione">Leggi di conservazione</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria nascosta: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pagine_che_utilizzano_collegamenti_magici_ISBN" title="Categoria:Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN">Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 19 mar 2024 alle 14:18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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