Android Developers Blog: Celebrating 5 years of Kotlin on Android

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url('data:image/png;base64,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'); background-position: bottom right 70px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto 100%; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 980px; padding: 0 60px; position: relative; } .adb-hero-back-icon { display: inline-block; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: middle; } .adb-hero-title { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; padding: 24px 24px 0px 112px; } .adb-hero-title a { color: #FFFFFF; font-family: Google Sans, Noto Sans, Android Euclid, Roboto, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; } .adb-hero-summary { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding: 8px 24px 8px 112px; } .adb-hero-summary a { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); } .adb-hero-description { color: #6f7172; font-size: 16px; margin: 0; max-width: 440px; padding-bottom: 32px; } .adb-hero-search { position: absolute; top: 19.35%; right: 1.94%; } .adb-hero-search .searchBox input { border: 1px solid #80868B; border-radius: 4px; color: white; } .adb-hero-search .searchBox input::placeholder { color: #F1F3F4; font-weight: 500; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; padding-left: 12px; } .adb-hero-link { position: absolute; right: 1.67%; top: 64.52%; } .adb-hero-link a { font-family: Google Sans, Noto Sans, Android Euclid, Roboto, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; color: #D7EFFE; letter-spacing: 1.4px; } .adb-hero-arrow { display: inline-flex; font-size: 24px; vertical-align: middle; } .adb-socials-box { display: flex; position: absolute; right: 1.67%; } .adb-socials-category, .adb-socials-divider { display: flex; align-items: center; } .adb-socials-divider { color: #DADCE0; font-size: 40px; font-weight: 100; margin: 0 20px; } .adb-socials-category img, .adb-footer-social-links img { height: 24px; } .adb-footer-social-links-img { margin-right: 20px; } .adb-hero-subscribe, .adb-hero-subscribe:visited { background-color: #90c653; color: #fff; display: inline-block; border-radius: 3px; margin: 25px 0 60px; padding: 13px 32px; text-transform: uppercase; } .adb-hero-subscribe:hover, .adb-hero-subscribe:focus { background-color: #333; } .adb-footer { margin: 32px auto 64px; } .adb-footer-more { border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0; border-top: 1px solid #f0f0f0; padding: 30px 0; } .adb-footer-more a { color: #000; display: inline-block; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 300; margin-right: 16px; } .adb-footer-social { float: right; margin-top: -62px; } .adb-footer-social a { background-color: #ccc; background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto 16px; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; height: 36px; margin-left: 16px; transition: background-color .1s; width: 36px; } .adb-footer-social-youtube { background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAYCAQAAAAxWje/AAABLUlEQVQ4y6WUvUoDYRBFr42gCdhK8AV8BwsVC0FQfIQUgr5DIKJoGy1CfAaDq1hIGn8K2xDSaBc1wUJJEYmbkDXssdi1Mrvfst9tZ+bAzNwZSZLEAmvsUKTCBQ80eaWLyxiAMS5dXmhyT5UyBfIsM68/McM1aXRDJgCUSKsTSWQZpAa4ZMUmNtoSRxGhbd4TAI7F1eSIxBwVfAPgUtSjAJLEEk+xgLroxAEkpikyigS0RS8eIEks8hgB6ImhGSAxxS5fE9JGwksCkCRyOP/SfPFjC0jawl5UC9ZDbBvXuB+zxjezkZ5NRnJirHxmtLIjDq2O6UBsWJ3zut1D+WZWEqepAaVg0hlqqcpr4VMNbbpKngJlqtzRoMUnfTx8fDz6fNCiwS3n4VtfIRdU/gLTrSb7DGWLcQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg'); } .adb-footer-social-youtube:hover { background-color: #f44336; } .adb-footer-social-gplus { background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACEAAAAUCAQAAACpWpz6AAABJUlEQVQ4EZXBTUoCYQDH4X9hTS3Cja0Kyb2X6BCJoLlr1aKwK1QHCMMzWLiqTcuWXaAWQWIlU1DQh4QJ+Wt4X95x0hGn55FCeGzSpMUXXW45ocSC/oMiHUZ1KCgZZqkzyZaSoM7QgCd8BlgXLGo6ijgv7JJRgAxV3jjDUwwMOXh0sK5ZUQRZ5hQLQw4VrA/WlBCGHJpY+0oMQw5trLxCjNtTgFiij5VSiHFHChBL9LFSCjGurgCxRBsrrxA+Pj4+Pl2sQ0VgyKGJdaAYNLAqisCQQxnrk5xGkKOHlVUEhhw8HrFuWFUEaa6wLvUHhoYo4LxSZVkBlihzh7OuaagR9YzPD0PHmo5ZakzSIKVk2OCBUe/sMKPkmKfEKS16fHPPOduklcAvR50zMVwhTI4AAAAASUVORK5CYII='); } .adb-footer-social-gplus:hover { background-color: #f44336; } .adb-footer-social-twitter { background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABoAAAAWCAQAAAB0gUQ+AAABI0lEQVQ4EY3BQShDAQDH4f+zTSyJuLgoLlwclYOTHCwHu9ouiLRScpUmNwduDkpCSTs4LAeJhINoOTo4ctHkskyJtf20vWbe3tvb+z7JFUGibLHPMj0qoYEWSYzRKkdMkKbsm3m6WSRFuyQeuKNNNoTJU61ABL8kssAjvbKgiTR2V+ywJol3ijJMY+gP4zhLEpDEGWUpwvhUQgwnh/hURIT/3thjjmGWcBKViSCXeBWSiWdO+MGbPpm4watPfDIRxasLVXCANwuqwCDGK/V80akKGjnmmgLutmXFOvV80CUrAiRxNys7DCY5J4OzXdVCP7c4OcIvO5oJkSCHXZ5VDFkxwilP5HB2z6Cc0EGcF6plSTAqNxgMMEWcTTZYYYYhAqrpF0uh1zgYi1hVAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); } .adb-footer-social-twitter:hover { background-color: #55acee; } .adb-footer-social span { display: none; } .adb-footer-related { padding-top: 8px; } .adb-footer-related a { color: #999; font-size: 12px; white-space: nowrap; } .adb-footer-related a:not(:last-child)::after { content: '|'; cursor: default; margin: 0 7px 0 10px; } .adb-footer-section { margin: 48px auto; max-width: 700px; } .adb-footer-title { font-weight: 500; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-transform: uppercase; color: #3C4043; margin-bottom: 24px; } .adb-footer-columns { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } .adb-other-blogs-title img { margin-right: 8px; vertical-align: -12px; } .adb-footer-social-label { display: flex !important; align-items: center; } .adb-footer-column a, .adb-footer-social-label, #footer-subscribe .tab h2 { color: #000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.25px; padding: .85em 0; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; display: table; margin: 0; page-break-inside: avoid; } .adb-footer-btm a { color: #000; font-family: Google Sans, Noto Sans, Android Euclid, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.25px; opacity: .7; transition: opacity .1s; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; display: table; margin: 0; page-break-inside: avoid; } .adb-footer-column a { opacity: .7; transition: opacity .1s; } .adb-footer-column a:hover { opacity: 1; } .adb-footer-social-links { margin: 0 0 20px; } #footer-subscribe .widget { margin: 0; } #footer-subscribe .tab { display: flex; align-items: center; } #footer-subscribe .tab img { height: 16px; } .adb-label-view-more-toggle { cursor: pointer; } .adb-label-view-more-toggle::after { content: '\00e5c5'; float: right; font: 2em / .7 Material Icons; opacity: .6; } .adb-label-view-more-toggle.active::after { transform: rotate(180deg); } /** Desktop **/ @media (max-width: 900px) { .col-right { display: none; } .col-main { margin-right: 0; min-width: initial; } .cols-wrapper { min-width: initial; } .adb-hero-inner { background-image: none; } } /** ADB header breakpoint **/ @media (max-width: 768px) { .adb-header-links { display: none; } .dropdown-nav { display: none; } .adb-header { padding: 12px; text-align: center; } } @media (max-width: 1196px) { .breakpoint-hide { display:none; } .more-dropdown { height: 50px; display: flex; align-items: center; } } @media (max-width: 915px) { .adb-header { height: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: none; } .adb-header-tags { display:none; } .more-dropdown { display:none; } .dropdown-nav { display: none; } .adb-hero-summary, .adb-hero-link, .adb-socials-category { display: none; } .adb-hero-title { padding-left: 152px; } .adb-hero-logo { height: 52px; top: 12px; left: 120px; } .adb-footer-section { margin: 0 auto; } .adb-footer-btm { margin: 0 24px 40px; } .adb-hero-area { min-height: 76px; } .adb-burger-box { display:inline; position: absolute; top: 17px; margin-left: 24px; font-size: 32px; color: white; } .adb-hero-title a{ margin-left: 40px; } } /** Tablet **/ @media (max-width: 712px) { .header-outer, .cols-wrapper { padding: 0 40px; } /* ADB */ .adb-hero-inner { padding: 0 40px; } .adb-hero-title { font-size: 16px; padding-left: 132px; } .adb-hero-logo { left: 100px; } .adb-hero-back, .adb-hero-back:link, .adb-hero-back:visited { margin-left: 36px; } .adb-other-blogs-list { columns: auto; } .adb-other-blogs-title { font-size: 20px; } .adb-other-blogs-title img { height: auto; vertical-align: -6px; width: 32px; } .adb-footer-section { margin: 0 24px; } .adb-footer-more { padding-bottom: 75px; } .adb-footer-social { float: none; margin-bottom: 35px } .adb-footer-social .adb-footer-social-youtube { margin-left: 0; } } /** Small tablet **/ @media (max-width: 600px) { .header-inner .google-logo { top: 32px; margin-top: 0; } .header-inner .google-logo img { height: 56px; width: auto; /* height: auto; width: 188px; */ /* Override any optical adjustments at desktop size. */ top: 0 !important; } .header-left { left: 0; top: inherit; bottom: 24px; } .adb-footer-columns { display: block; } .adb-footer-column { margin-bottom: 48px; } .adb-footer-column a { opacity: 1; } .adb-footer-social-label { padding: 0; } .adb-footer-column .widget a { padding: 0; } .footer-newsletter { margin-top: 16px; } .subscribe-btn { width: 100%; } .adb-hero-search { display: none; } .adb-search-box { display:inline; position: absolute; top: 24px; right: 24px; font-size: 24px; color: white; } } /** Mobile **/ @media (max-width: 480px) { .header-outer, .cols-wrapper { padding: 0 16px; } .adb-hero-logo { height: 28px; top: 24px; left: 76px; } .adb-hero-back, .adb-hero-back:link, .adb-hero-back:visited { margin-left: 16px; } .cols-wrapper { margin-top: 0; overflow-x: auto; } .post-header .publishdate, .post .post-content { font-size: 16px; } .post .post-content { line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: 30px; } .post { margin-top: 30px; } .byline-author { display: block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 6px; } #main .post .title a { font-weight: 500; color: #4c4c4c; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .70); } #main .post .post-header { padding-bottom: 12px; } #main .post .post-header .published { margin-bottom: -8px; margin-top: 3px; } .post .read-more { display: block; margin-top: 14px; } .post .tr-caption { font-size: 12px; } #main .post .title a { font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; } .post-content iframe { /* iframe won't keep aspect ratio when scaled down. */ max-height: 240px; } .post-content .separator img, .post-content .tr-caption-container img { margin-left: -16px; max-width: 100%; } .post-content table { table-layout: fixed; width: 100%; } /** List page tweaks. **/ .list-page .post-original { display: none; } .list-page .post-summary { display: block; } .list-page .comment-container { display: none; } .list-page .label-footer { display: none; } .list-page #main .post .post-footer { border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; margin: -16px 0 0 0; padding: 0 0 20px 0; } .list-page .post .share { display: none; } /** Detail page tweaks. **/ .detail-page .post-footer .cmt_iframe_holder { padding-top: 32px !important; } .detail-page .label-footer { margin-bottom: 0; } .detail-page #main .post .post-footer { padding-bottom: 0; } .detail-page #comments { display: none; } /* ADB */ body { font-size: 17px !important; } .adb-header-console { display: none; } .adb-hero-inner { padding: 0 16px; } .adb-hero-title { color: #4c4c4c; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .70); font-weight: 500; line-height: 30px; padding-left: 80px; } .adb-detail__info p { margin-top: 32px; } .adb-detail__title, .adb-detail__title h1 { font-size: 24px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0; } .adb-detail hr { margin: 16px 0 32px; } .icon-sidebar { margin-bottom: 8px; } .adb-detail__content em { display: block; margin-bottom: 12px; } } /* Fixed-position sidebar for larger screens */ @media screen and (min-height: 700px) and (min-width: 1100px) { .col-right .section { max-height: calc(100vh - 197px); overflow: auto; } .col-right.scroll-start { left: 50%; margin-left: 241px; position: fixed; top: 96px; } .col-right.scroll-end { bottom: 485px; position: absolute; top: auto; } } [data-about-pullquote], [data-is-preview], [data-about-syndication] { display: none; } #imgFull { display: block; margin: 10px auto; width: 90%; border: 0; padding: 0; } #imgHalf { display: block; margin: 10px auto; width: 50%; border: 0; padding: 0; } 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</a> <a href='https://X.com/GooglePlayBiz' title='Follow GooglePlaydBiz on X'> <img alt='Follow GooglePlayBiz on X' class='sidebar-icon' src='https://developers.google.com/static/homepage-assets/images/x.svg'/> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class='content-wrap'> <div class='full-width section' id='Body'> <div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='adb-container--large'> <div class='adb-detail'> <div class='adb-detail__info'> <p> 17 August 2022 </p> </div> <div class='adb-detail__title'> <h1>Celebrating 5 years of Kotlin on Android</h1> </div> <hr/> <div class='icon-sidebar'> <span class='share-text'>Share this post</span> <a class='icon-link' href='https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2022/08/celebrating-5-years-of-kotlin-on-android.html&title=Celebrating 5 years of Kotlin on Android' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'> <img alt='Share on LinkedIn' 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name="twitter:image"></meta><p><i>Posted by Márton Braun, Developer Relations Engineer</i></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRKysS-6n5YNTJAtLz2PkRNV5XsFnSlod6hwTvKRHbUb0W5pE8RszvmTfFK6GNbh2TKa3dbTP1AjB4pI0NB3agCRb1F4MbP5LQb6Q-8oveLb-mDjqFteWaZnIaztK4W1yONSJ5M6ffWAt-qu9CAu04v0PBIg6OIm9kFHMX6kolmf3zkagX2MIDDOtn/s1999/Kotlin%20Header.png"><img border="0" data-original-height="601" data-original-width="1999" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRKysS-6n5YNTJAtLz2PkRNV5XsFnSlod6hwTvKRHbUb0W5pE8RszvmTfFK6GNbh2TKa3dbTP1AjB4pI0NB3agCRb1F4MbP5LQb6Q-8oveLb-mDjqFteWaZnIaztK4W1yONSJ5M6ffWAt-qu9CAu04v0PBIg6OIm9kFHMX6kolmf3zkagX2MIDDOtn/w640-h192/Kotlin%20Header.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p>Five years ago, at the 2017 Google I/O Keynote, we did something we had never done before: we <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C3-HcP5xBI" target="_blank">announced official support</a> for a new programming language to build Android apps with: <b><a href="https://developer.android.com/kotlin " target="_blank">Kotlin</a></b>. It was great to see how excited the Android developer community was about this announcement.</p><br />Since then, JetBrains and Google have been collaborating around the development of Kotlin, and the <a href="https://kotlinfoundation.org/" target="_blank">Kotlin Foundation</a> was co-founded by the two companies.<p> <iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="375" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9C3-HcP5xBI" title="5 years of Kotlin: I/O cutdown" width="800"></iframe>As highlighted in those initial I/O announcements, Kotlin is interoperable, mature, production-ready, and open source. It also has outstanding IDE support, as JetBrains develops both the language and its tooling.<br /><br />Now, five years have passed since the <a href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/05/google-io-2017-empowering-developers-to.html" target="_blank">original announcement</a>. To celebrate the amazing language that now powers modern Android app development, we’re taking a quick look at the journey of Kotlin on Android. This post includes quotes from a handful of people who were involved in making Kotlin on Android a success, who are joining us for this celebration.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span>Early years</span></h3>The Kotlin adoption story started before official support from Google, within the Android developer community. The excitement in the community was one of the main reasons to invest in official support.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsVs3gLAn8nVDgcpFLGikGGeQhuRy8hKSJPaXinGhe43QbvM524kaF0ei3jzl6Y0UbMim1j6vl2JOHXpZk4PRqEfm3nEnGNlQrpVmZmzg64h2Jq2h7Mtv1Me49OScEZhKn-JOCgP18qn4UlR5Jd4XWQYDR4opBeYudo5OqCrZCSf8zZ6KFSoAqQ4o9/s1999/Christina.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1999" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsVs3gLAn8nVDgcpFLGikGGeQhuRy8hKSJPaXinGhe43QbvM524kaF0ei3jzl6Y0UbMim1j6vl2JOHXpZk4PRqEfm3nEnGNlQrpVmZmzg64h2Jq2h7Mtv1Me49OScEZhKn-JOCgP18qn4UlR5Jd4XWQYDR4opBeYudo5OqCrZCSf8zZ6KFSoAqQ4o9/w640-h360/Christina.png" width="640" /></a></div><i>“The decision by Google to add support for Kotlin, I think we underestimate how wild of a notion that was at the time. The odds of another company that size making a similar decision based on community support and enthusiasm is very low.“ (<b>Christina Lee</b>, Android engineer at Pinterest, Kotlin and Android GDE)<br /></i><br />After the 2017 announcement, Android Studio started shipping with built-in support for Kotlin. Lots of documentation and samples were updated to use Kotlin.<br /><br />In 2018, we <a href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/02/introducing-android-ktx-even-sweeter.html" target="_blank">launched</a> the <a href="https://developer.android.com/kotlin/ktx" target="_blank">Android KTX libraries</a>, which provide Kotlin-friendly extensions wrapping the APIs of the Android framework and several AndroidX libraries. Tooling improved further, too, with Kotlin-specific live templates, lint checks, and optimizations in <a href="https://developer.android.com/studio/build/shrink-code" target="_blank">R8</a> and <a href="https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik" target="_blank">ART</a>. The <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/kotlin/packages" target="_blank">reference documentation</a> for Android was also published in Kotlin for the first time.<div><br /></div><div><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span>Going Kotlin-first</span></h3>At Google I/O 2019, we committed to <a href="https://developer.android.com/kotlin/first" target="_blank">Kotlin-first</a> Android development, further increasing our investments in the language.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGLw9Cea1FFS0JWalJ_n7mwb_ytXK6dAqRUi8pBOYOGdkY5TWBvUino7puh8FUEXr0tKmVSejDjFEZKh2nSqKANRssO_6J7VTLWyIEVSzQNz5S0q3aD8OaAPUK3HI2psVYY0C-KQM40QRsVfDHcKcVfZya2GBuHQK-NuUom2Z649IT48NuKnEhVmSt/s1999/Egor.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1999" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGLw9Cea1FFS0JWalJ_n7mwb_ytXK6dAqRUi8pBOYOGdkY5TWBvUino7puh8FUEXr0tKmVSejDjFEZKh2nSqKANRssO_6J7VTLWyIEVSzQNz5S0q3aD8OaAPUK3HI2psVYY0C-KQM40QRsVfDHcKcVfZya2GBuHQK-NuUom2Z649IT48NuKnEhVmSt/w640-h360/Egor.png" width="640" /></a></div><i>“If you look at a Kotlin new users graph, you immediately notice the two most significant spikes – one in May 2017 and another in May 2019. We have an inside joke about it: ‘Marketing a programming language is easy. All you have to do is make the largest operating system in the world call it an official language during the annual keynote’” (<b>Egor Tolstoy</b>, Kotlin Product Lead at JetBrains)</i><br /><br />Being Kotlin-first means that we now design our documentation, samples, training content, new libraries and tools for the Kotlin language first, while still supporting users of the Java programming language.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW19ITlrdzOPl4Hzwt28aLhe-e8g3ZyVGFEp_zRiAPlI_UjtmkfRg65wk39y5nlZhZpevZexiSgHldpG0czircpL0vuoNEH_J_3itZWG6tDLotY1iAw5oAkvVoYFpTd22JhF0-yPW33M-ah1izprok5D6m3IzJr7RKjKHKw_gn-AAzd3t6RMlYOGEH/s1999/Yigit.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1999" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW19ITlrdzOPl4Hzwt28aLhe-e8g3ZyVGFEp_zRiAPlI_UjtmkfRg65wk39y5nlZhZpevZexiSgHldpG0czircpL0vuoNEH_J_3itZWG6tDLotY1iAw5oAkvVoYFpTd22JhF0-yPW33M-ah1izprok5D6m3IzJr7RKjKHKw_gn-AAzd3t6RMlYOGEH/w640-h360/Yigit.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><span id="docs-internal-guid-f8b6d3a9-7fff-200f-1d4a-c989fa2e18d8"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0.75pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><i>”Now when we want to start a <a href="https://developer.android.com/jetpack" target="_blank">Jetpack</a> Library, we are writing it in Kotlin unless we have a very, very, very good reason not to do that. It’s clear that Kotlin is the first-class language.” (<b>Yigit Boyar</b>, early proponent of Kotlin within Google, currently leading the development of a handful of Jetpack libraries)</i></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0.75pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p></span><span style="text-align: center;">Some examples of Kotlin-first Jetpack libraries are </span><a href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/07/getting-on-same-page-with-paging-3.html" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">Paging 3</a><span style="text-align: center;"> and </span><a href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/09/prefer-storing-data-with-jetpack.html" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">DataStore</a><span style="text-align: center;">, which are both powered by </span><a href="https://developer.android.com/kotlin/coroutines" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">coroutines</a><span style="text-align: center;"> and </span><a href="https://developer.android.com/kotlin/flow" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">Flows</a><span style="text-align: center;"> for asynchronous operations.</span><div><div><div><div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0.75pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0.75pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><a href="https://developer.android.com/jetpack/compose" target="_blank">Jetpack Compose</a>, Android’s modern UI toolkit is our greatest commitment to Kotlin so far, as it’s Kotlin-only. It’s powered by a Kotlin compiler plugin, and it makes extensive use of advanced language features like coroutines, top-level functions, and trailing la<span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">mbdas.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 0.75pt; margin-top: 0pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4QMa_K7rP9B3MTAFh7E6XhvqBG0CDe13rWKanfpKQ8t31uKjn_wlnCJ2ywk5WqT8MYFBQyIhiIghZak8HB4dJ-SSmkXc3s7O-x3THjaIZm5-ow9ThUQZ37AfIfCZ2PlqXwux5gjJIYMTzWJCQTjKpqsf_DquAehPQE2CraKIWk3OabD37sRm4m5R/s1999/Florina.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1999" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4QMa_K7rP9B3MTAFh7E6XhvqBG0CDe13rWKanfpKQ8t31uKjn_wlnCJ2ywk5WqT8MYFBQyIhiIghZak8HB4dJ-SSmkXc3s7O-x3THjaIZm5-ow9ThUQZ37AfIfCZ2PlqXwux5gjJIYMTzWJCQTjKpqsf_DquAehPQE2CraKIWk3OabD37sRm4m5R/w640-h360/Florina.png" width="640" /></a></div></span><i>“Kotlin is here to stay and Compose is our bet for the future. Right now, for developers that are starting to learn Android, we’re already recommending the <a href="https://developer.android.com/courses/android-basics-compose/course" target="_blank">Android Basics with Compose course</a>.” (<b>Florina Muntenescu</b>, Jetpack Compose developer relations lead)</i></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4QMa_K7rP9B3MTAFh7E6XhvqBG0CDe13rWKanfpKQ8t31uKjn_wlnCJ2ywk5WqT8MYFBQyIhiIghZak8HB4dJ-SSmkXc3s7O-x3THjaIZm5-ow9ThUQZ37AfIfCZ2PlqXwux5gjJIYMTzWJCQTjKpqsf_DquAehPQE2CraKIWk3OabD37sRm4m5R/s1999/Florina.png"><span style="color: black;"><i><br /></i></span></a><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span>Kotlin beyond Android</span></h3>Even though Kotlin is a great fit for Android, it’s a general-purpose language and not solely for use on Android. For teams within Google, Kotlin is now generally available to use for both Android and server-side projects. Thousands of Google engineers are writing Kotlin code, and our internal codebase contains more than 8.5 million lines of Kotlin code to date. This number has been increasing rapidly as well, doubling year over year.<br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPrgi-gW-WdtF329nHDcdwptfw6D7EybaNddlKw0Iq8qwXmsx3N4-ErhRKJiQNV_24YLmm81ZWm7CGFKmhp4ZsHQURlae_6jqxnZWR-cCbL7T-eGnzS2EjUxOh8wxoYxcqyd0w-ihTVBmgwAefZlh7Zo6bIZHw2jk3dmZv6V54S9XZayLwWQwVKRiN/s8001/AndroidKotlin_socialmedia_editedimage-07.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4501" data-original-width="8001" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPrgi-gW-WdtF329nHDcdwptfw6D7EybaNddlKw0Iq8qwXmsx3N4-ErhRKJiQNV_24YLmm81ZWm7CGFKmhp4ZsHQURlae_6jqxnZWR-cCbL7T-eGnzS2EjUxOh8wxoYxcqyd0w-ihTVBmgwAefZlh7Zo6bIZHw2jk3dmZv6V54S9XZayLwWQwVKRiN/w640-h360/AndroidKotlin_socialmedia_editedimage-07.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><i>“We’ve been working to bring Kotlin to Google engineers for the last few years by adding Kotlin support to all the tools they use. This includes the build system, static analysis tools, libraries and APIs. We’ve talked a lot about encouraging developers to use Kotlin for Android app development, and we strongly encourage using Kotlin for server-side development as well.” </i><i>(<b>Kevin Bierhoff</b>, lead of the Kotlin at Google team, which supports Google engineers writing Kotlin code)</i></div><br /><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development/use-grpc-with-kotlin" target="_blank">gRPC Kotlin</a> and <a href="https://developers.googleblog.com/2021/11/announcing-kotlin-support-for-protocol.html" target="_blank">Kotlin for protocol buffers</a> are examples of Kotlin projects Google uses both in Android apps and on servers that have been open sourced and are now receiving community adoption and contributions. Kotlin is also supported on <a href="https://cloud.google.com/kotlin" target="_blank">Google Cloud</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /><h3 style="text-align: left;">Collaboration with JetBrains</h3>There is close collaboration between JetBrains and Google around the development of Kotlin. The <a href="https://kotlinfoundation.org/" target="_blank">Kotlin Foundation</a> was co-founded by the two companies, and it ensures that the language and ecosystem age well.<br /><br />Google engineers have also been working on improving the compiler and on creating important tooling for the language.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: right;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjtlgfsNQZWT1MgEpcBaHVGDdzEOEtS83dU323a9k8razpPiAcXaKGqWVPuQymR4DOqAQtslI9RSUEM5mRov-juor9JQVoPev515HrvRxpdZAjmXzVEWkcKGIVMkt4Ue6wPwUWkihIu_9CVtldm1ogg6mWs4eGyJCYOlbDhR8ecdvphkFgq5MsstGE/s1999/Jeffrey.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1999" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjtlgfsNQZWT1MgEpcBaHVGDdzEOEtS83dU323a9k8razpPiAcXaKGqWVPuQymR4DOqAQtslI9RSUEM5mRov-juor9JQVoPev515HrvRxpdZAjmXzVEWkcKGIVMkt4Ue6wPwUWkihIu_9CVtldm1ogg6mWs4eGyJCYOlbDhR8ecdvphkFgq5MsstGE/w640-h360/Jeffrey.png" width="640" /></a></div><i>“My team is helping JetBrains with rewriting the Kotlin compiler right now, and we also work on <a href="https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2021/09/accelerated-kotlin-build-times-with.html" target="_blank">Kotlin Symbol Processing</a>, which is the first compiler-related Kotlin project that’s been completely done at Google. We work more closely with JetBrains than some other parts of Google." (<b>Jeffrey van Gogh</b>, member of the Kotlin Foundation, lead of the Kotlin engineering team at Google)</i><br /><br />JetBrains and Google also coordinate new releases of the language and the accompanying tooling so that developers are able to use the latest releases as smoothly as possible.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjotgv_FnFRhRD6vqoN012lSBIClwO4b9K9h0gfZ4ZFAq5LvaXP472Ue_TKQEmg2P837jtbHKyy_NdP2J9O8-hs7woEXcimRbwhS9cbQluYRvOlbSYK8n--y2RmBxBFGCAMpPAlxVdfOfogXl5OetH4-AW1nUQdOdZ-Lfw6n2IJp1-9Rs1lwccycZCa/s1999/Lillia.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1999" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjotgv_FnFRhRD6vqoN012lSBIClwO4b9K9h0gfZ4ZFAq5LvaXP472Ue_TKQEmg2P837jtbHKyy_NdP2J9O8-hs7woEXcimRbwhS9cbQluYRvOlbSYK8n--y2RmBxBFGCAMpPAlxVdfOfogXl5OetH4-AW1nUQdOdZ-Lfw6n2IJp1-9Rs1lwccycZCa/w640-h360/Lillia.png" width="640" /></a></div><i>“The collaboration gets stronger over time, and I’m really excited to see its impact on Kotlin’s future. Our coordinated pre-release checks are getting better and better." (<b>Liliia Abdulina</b>, Kotlin QA team lead at JetBrains)</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i><br /></i><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span>Learn more and share your own stories</span></h3>You can read more stories about Kotlin from our interviewees in <span><a href="https://medium.com/androiddevelopers/5-years-of-kotlin-on-android-the-extra-bits-a7dcd17480a9" style="background-color: white;" target="_blank">the accompanying Medium post.</a> </span>We’d also love to hear your stories of learning and adopting Kotlin for Android development! Share them on social media using the hashtag <b>#Hi5KotlinOnAndroid</b>!<br /><br />Finally, let’s appreciate these kind words about Kotlin’s accomplishments to conclude our story.<br /><br /><i>“Technology can really change people's lives and it can really make people happier at work. We normally focus on ‘there's null safety’ or ‘there's type inference’ or all these other technical parts. But when you take a step back, there's a whole story in there about all of the people who had their passion for coding ignited or reignited because Kotlin is such a wonderful language. It's just so impressive that the team is able to do what they're able to do and that the community is as good as it is." </i><i>(<b>Christina Lee</b>, Android engineer at Pinterest, GDE for Android and Kotlin)<br /></i><br />Have a nice Kotlin on Android!<br /><br /><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">*Java is a trademark or registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.<br /></span></i><div><br /></div><p></p><p></p></div></div></div><p></p></div><p></p> </div> <hr/> <div class='blog-label-container'> <a class='blog-label' href='https://android-developers.googleblog.com/search/label/Kotlin?max-results=12'> <span>Kotlin</span> </a> <a class='blog-label' href='https://android-developers.googleblog.com/search/label/latest?max-results=12'> <span>latest</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-pager pagination' id='blog-pager'> <a class='blog-pager-newer-link page-button' 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Android Developers Blog: Celebrating 5 years of Kotlin on Android