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</nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Asbest" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Asbest" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Asbest" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anvendelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anvendelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anvendelse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anvendelse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Anvendelse</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anvendelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fjerning_av_asbest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fjerning_av_asbest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fjerning av asbest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fjerning_av_asbest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Asbest</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 77 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbes" title="Asbes – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Asbes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="أسبست – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسبست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbesto" title="Asbesto – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asbesto" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8" title="অ্যাসবেসটস – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাসবেসটস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Азбест – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Азбест" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asbestos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Азбест – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Азбест" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiant" title="Amiant – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amiant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Azbest" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asbestos" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αμίαντος – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμίαντος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Asbestos" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbesto" title="Asbesto – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asbesto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbesto" title="Asbesto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Asbesto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbesto" title="Asbesto – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Asbesto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2" title="پنبه نسوز – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنبه نسوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiante" title="Amiante – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amiante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aispeist" title="Aispeist – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aispeist" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amianto" title="Amianto – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amianto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EB%A9%B4" title="석면 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석면" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Ասբեստ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ասբեստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9" title="अदह – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अदह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Azbest" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amianto" title="Amianto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amianto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asbestos" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asbestos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amianto" title="Amianto – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amianto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%98" title="אזבסט – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזבסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಲ್ನಾರು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಲ್ನಾರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Асбес – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Асбес" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Асбест – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Асбест" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestus" title="Asbestus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Asbestus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbests" title="Azbests – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Azbests" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestas" title="Asbestas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Asbestas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbes" title="Asbes – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Asbes" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbeszt" title="Azbeszt – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Azbeszt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Азбест – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Азбест" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatosiraka" title="Vatosiraka – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatosiraka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ആസ്ബസ്റ്റോസ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആസ്ബസ്റ്റോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="اسبستس – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبستس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asbestos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Асбест – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Асбест" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကျောက်ဂွမ်း – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျောက်ဂွမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%B6%BF" title="石綿 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石綿" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86" title="ناسوځ مالوچ – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ناسوځ مالوچ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azbest" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amianto" title="Amianto – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amianto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Azbest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Асбест – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Асбест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Asbestos" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbesti" title="Asbesti – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Asbesti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇස්බැස්ටෝස් – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇස්බැස්ටෝස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Asbestos" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Azbest" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Azbest" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Азбест – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азбест" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Azbest" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asb%C3%A9stos" title="Asbéstos – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Asbéstos" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbesti" title="Asbesti – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Asbesti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கல்நார் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்நார்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0" title="రాతినార – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాతినార" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แร่ใยหิน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แร่ใยหิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbest" title="Asbest – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Asbest" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Азбест – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Азбест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ami%C4%83ng" title="Amiăng – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amiăng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A3%89" title="石棉 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石棉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A3%89" title="石棉 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石棉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A3%89" title="石棉 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石棉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104085#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asbest" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Asbest" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asbest"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asbest"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Asbest" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Asbest" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&oldid=24838789" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Asbest&id=24838789&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAsbest"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAsbest"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Asbest&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Asbestos" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104085" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Denne artikkelen er om materialet. For artikkelen om den russiske byen se <a href="/wiki/Asbest_(by)" title="Asbest (by)">Asbest (by)</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Asbestos_with_muscovite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Asbestos_with_muscovite.jpg/250px-Asbestos_with_muscovite.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Asbestos_with_muscovite.jpg/375px-Asbestos_with_muscovite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Asbestos_with_muscovite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Asbestfibre på <a href="/wiki/Muskovitt" title="Muskovitt">muskovitt</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Asbest</b> er en gruppe fibrøse <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineraler</a> som består av <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>-<a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>-<a href="/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat">silikater</a>, og fibrene har vært kjent siden <a href="/wiki/Oldtiden" title="Oldtiden">oldtiden</a>. I Norge kom det forbud mot asbest i byggemateriale og installasjoner i 1985, da asbeststøv lett dras ned i lungene og fører til alvorlige sykdommer, særlig <a href="/wiki/Kreft" title="Kreft">kreft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I USA ble asbestgruvene stengt i 2002, men det brytes fortsatt asbest i <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>. I 2021 hevdet <i>Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology</i> at det årlig ble brutt 1,3 million tonn asbest de siste årene.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Der er to hovedgrupper av asbest, <a href="/wiki/Serpentin" title="Serpentin">serpentin</a>- og amfibol-asbester. Serpentin-asbest danner flak med trådliknende struktur og er hvit av farge, «hvit asbest» som utgjør den vanligste typen asbest brukt i <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a>. Amfibol-asbestene er brun (<a href="/wiki/Amositt" title="Amositt">amositt</a>) eller blå (crocidolitt). Blå asbest regnes som den mest helsefarlige, men ble brukt som brannisolering i bygninger og båter.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mineralet finnes mange steder i metamorfe <a href="/wiki/Bergart" title="Bergart">bergarter</a>. </p><p>Asbest finnes i <a href="/wiki/Berggrunn" title="Berggrunn">berggrunnen</a> i Norge, men ikke vært utvunnet kommersielt. Asbestmaterialer brukt i Norge har i all hovedsak vært importert.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nord på <a href="/wiki/Helgelandskysten" title="Helgelandskysten">Helgelandskysten</a> (blant annet på <a href="/wiki/Mel%C3%B8y" title="Meløy">Meløy</a> og <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8d%C3%B8y" title="Rødøy">Rødøy</a>) er det funnet <a href="/wiki/Keramikk" title="Keramikk">keramikk</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Steinalderen" title="Steinalderen">steinalderen</a> inneholdende store konsentrasjoner asbest.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På Klettan nær <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ros" title="Røros">Røros</a> ble det brutt noe asbest på 1800-tallet i forbindelse med at kobberverket begynte utvinning av <a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">krom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1919 tok eierne av <a href="/wiki/Aksjeselskap" title="Aksjeselskap">aksjeselskapet</a> <i>Kulspids</i> opp et lån fra staten på kr 30 000 for å finansiere en ekspedisjon til <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> for oppkjøp av eiendom ved <a href="/wiki/Recherchefjorden" title="Recherchefjorden">Recherchefjorden</a> der det skulle finnes asbest. Lånet var rente- og avdragsfritt, så staten tok pant i selskapet og la inn <a href="/wiki/Klausul" title="Klausul">klausul</a> om at «<i>forhandlinger om salg eller anden dispositionsret over feltene, f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Pantsette" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantsette">pantsættelse</a> ikke maa indlödes uten Departementets uttrykkelige samtykke.</i>» Feltene viste seg å være fattige på asbest, så det ble aldri noen utvinning, og klausulen har sperret for eiernes ønske om salg.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:White_asbestos_(Chrysotile).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/White_asbestos_%28Chrysotile%29.jpg/250px-White_asbestos_%28Chrysotile%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/White_asbestos_%28Chrysotile%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>«Khrysotil» asbest (av gresk: <i>khrysos</i> («gull») og <i>tilos</i> («fiber») dvs. «gullfiber».<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Asbestos_fibres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Asbestos_fibres.jpg/250px-Asbestos_fibres.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Asbestos_fibres.jpg/375px-Asbestos_fibres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Asbestos_fibres.jpg/500px-Asbestos_fibres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Asbestfibre.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordet «asbest» stammer fra <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a>: <i>a</i>(ikke) <i>sbestos</i> («slukkbart») via en <a href="/wiki/Latinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinsk">latinsk</a> feiltolkning av <i>asbestos</i> («ulesket <a href="/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk">kalk</a>»).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Strabon" title="Strabon">Strabon</a> skrev om et gresk <a href="/wiki/Steinbrudd" title="Steinbrudd">steinbrudd</a> på <a href="/wiki/Evvia" title="Evvia">Evvia</a>, der fibrøs asbest-stein ble <a href="/wiki/Karding" title="Karding">kardet</a> og spunnet som ull for å bli til <a href="/wiki/Klede" title="Klede">klede</a>. Materialet egnet seg til <a href="/wiki/Veke" title="Veke">veker</a> i lys, og romerne brukte det også i byggematerialer, siden det isolerer godt og motstår <a href="/wiki/Brann" title="Brann">brann</a> og <a href="/wiki/Korrosjon" title="Korrosjon">korrosjon</a>. Asbest ble også brukt i liksvøp, håndklær, <a href="/wiki/Serviett" title="Serviett">servietter</a> og hodetøy til kvinner, for som Strabon forklarer, ble stoffet skittent, ble det kastet på ilden og dermed renset, «<i>slik linklede blir rent av å vaskes</i>». kanskje også i <a href="/wiki/Vestalinne" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestalinne">vestalinnenes</a> ild<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som ikke måtte slukkes om ikke Roma skulle gå under; </p><p>På italiensk kalles det også <i>amianto</i> («ren», «ubesmittet») fordi klede av asbestfiber ble renset ved å legges på ilden. <a href="/wiki/Karl_den_store" title="Karl den store">Karl den stores</a> <a href="/wiki/Bordduk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordduk">bordduk</a> skal ha vært av slikt klede, og han forbløffet sine bordfeller ved å kaste duken i <a href="/wiki/Peis" title="Peis">peisen</a> når han ville ha den ren.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I de siste to tusen år f.Kr. ble asbest blandet i <a href="/wiki/Keramikk" title="Keramikk">keramikk</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> produsert i nordre Fenno-<a href="/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karelen" title="Karelen">Karelen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kola" class="mw-disambig" title="Kola">Kola</a>. Allerede før 4000 f.Kr fantes det en keramisk tradisjon i nordområdene fra <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> til <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibir</a>, og ca. 2000 f.Kr dukker den første asbest-keramikken opp i <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a>. Ca 1800 f.Kr hadde den spredt seg til <a href="/wiki/Troms" title="Troms">Troms</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nordland" title="Nordland">Nordland</a>, og etter hvert så langt sør som i <a href="/wiki/Sogn_og_Fjordane" title="Sogn og Fjordane">Sogn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Overtro" class="mw-redirect" title="Overtro">Overtroen</a> ville lenge ha det til at asbest stammet fra <a href="/wiki/Salamandere" title="Salamandere">salamandere</a>, for de hoppet ofte ut av flammene når det ble gjort opp ild. I virkeligheten lå de gjemt under brenselet., men det så ut som de oppstod av ilden. <a href="/wiki/Plinius_den_eldre" title="Plinius den eldre">Plinius den eldre</a> hevdet at asbest «<i>beskytter mot alle <a href="/wiki/Trylleformular" class="mw-redirect" title="Trylleformular">trylleformler</a></i>».<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra gammelt var asbest forbeholdt <a href="/wiki/Overklasse" title="Overklasse">overklassen</a> – det var like dyrt som <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gull</a>. Noen <a href="/wiki/Arkeolog" title="Arkeolog">arkeologer</a> hevder at liksvøp ble brukt av adelige så asken deres ikke blandet seg med aske fra selve bålet.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annen bruk kan ha vært til hellige lamper i historisk tid. I medisinen ser det ut som om asbestfibre ble brukt i salver mot <a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%B8e" title="Kløe">kløe</a> og annen hudirritasjon – noe paradoksalt, siden fibre på hud fremkaller kløe. Det er imidlertid mulig at navnet «asbestos» også er brukt om et aluminiumsmineral. </p><p>Asbestfibre har vært brukt som pakninger i <a href="/wiki/Forbrenningsmotor" title="Forbrenningsmotor">forbrenningsmotorer</a>, branndrakter og <a href="/wiki/Sveising" title="Sveising">sveisehansker</a>. Fra midten av 1990-tallet har asbest vært forbudt i <a href="/wiki/Bil" title="Bil">biltilbehør</a>, inklusive til reparasjon og tetting av <a href="/wiki/Eksos" title="Eksos">eksoslekkasjer</a> (<i>Gun-Gum</i>). Erstatningsmidlene er fibre av <i>Aramid, Twaron</i> og <i><a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a></i> (kjent fra skuddsikre vester). </p><p>Den første filtersigaretten på verdensmarkedet var sigarettmerket <a href="/wiki/Kent_(sigarettmerke)" title="Kent (sigarettmerke)"><i>Kent</i></a>. Det brukte et asbestfiber i sitt <i>mikronite</i>-filter fra <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> til <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>«Dikkere» var tittelen på <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5ndverker" class="mw-redirect" title="Håndverker">håndverkere</a> som «dikket» asbest på plass mellom stein. <a href="/wiki/Norsk_Hydro" title="Norsk Hydro">Norsk Hydro</a> produserte tidligere <a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">syre</a>. Før det fantes syrefast <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">stål</a> å oppbevare syren i, reiste Hydro 15-20 meter høye <a href="/wiki/Syret%C3%A5rnet" title="Syretårnet">syretårn</a> av rød <a href="/wiki/Granitt" title="Granitt">granitt</a> på sine fabrikkområder, med asbest som tetning mellom steinene.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anvendelse">Anvendelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Anvendelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Anvendelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asbest som varmeresistent stoff ble ofte blandet med bindemidler som <a href="/wiki/Sement" title="Sement">sement</a> eller limstoffer, og valset ut til plater eller matter. Det ble brukt til bremsesko og -klosser, pakninger i motorer og maskiner, rundt glødelegemer i <a href="/wiki/Komfyr" title="Komfyr">komfyrplater</a> og elektriske ovner, foruten til <a href="/wiki/Eternitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternitt">eternittplater</a> for kledning av både vegger og tak. Som varmeisolerende og brannsikkert stoff var asbest svært anvendelig, med fleksible og sterke, men strekkfaste fibre. </p><p>Innånding av selv relativt små mengder asbeststøv av enkelte sorter har vist seg å føre til økt risiko for sykdom som <a href="/wiki/Asbestose" title="Asbestose">asbestose</a> (som skyldes innånding av asbeststøv)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og kreft. Mange land har derfor innført forbud mot all bruk av stoffet i byggematerialer og annen bruk som gir risiko at noen eksponeres for stoffet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fjerning_av_asbest">Fjerning av asbest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fjerning av asbest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fjerning av asbest"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fjerning av asbestholdige byggematerialer fra eldre bygg under <a href="/wiki/Restaurering" title="Restaurering">restaurering</a> skal foregå med verneutstyr, og det som fjernes, skal pakkes i tett plast.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.arbeidstilsynet.no/tema/kjemikalier/asbest/">https://www.arbeidstilsynet.no/tema/kjemikalier/asbest/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asbestos.com/occupations/mining/">Asbest i yrkeslivet: Gruvearbeid</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wagner, J. C. (1. juni 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1035386">«The discovery of the association between blue asbestos and mesotheliomas and the aftermath.»</a>. <i>Occupational and Environmental Medicine</i>. 48 (6): 399–403. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1035386">1035386</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Åpent tilgjengelig"><img alt="Åpent tilgjengelig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2064978">2064978</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Foem.48.6.399">10.1136/oem.48.6.399</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAsbest&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+the+association+between+blue+asbestos+and+mesotheliomas+and+the+aftermath.&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.date=1991-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.pages=399-403&rft.volume=48&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1035386&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1035386&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Foem.48.6.399&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2064978&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2011061405006"><i>Industrimineraler: industrimineraler, naturstein og pukk : produksjon, forbruk, prospektering, forskning, forvaltning og lovgivning : delutredning</i></a>. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. 1982. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8200707547" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8200707547">8200707547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAsbest&rft.btitle=Industrimineraler%3A+industrimineraler%2C+naturstein+og+pukk+%3A+produksjon%2C+forbruk%2C+prospektering%2C+forskning%2C+forvaltning+og+lovgivning+%3A+delutredning&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8200707547&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Universitetsforlaget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2011061405006&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013072506058"><i>Asbest</i></a>. Oslo: Arbeidsmiljøsenteret. 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8273050165" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8273050165">8273050165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAsbest&rft.btitle=Asbest&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8273050165&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Arbeidsmilj%C3%B8senteret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2013072506058&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Munch, Jens Storm (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2014041108175"><i>Boplasser med asbest-keramikk på Helgelandskysten</i></a>. Tromsø: Tromsø museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAsbest&rft.au=Munch%2C+Jens+Storm&rft.btitle=Boplasser+med+asbest-keramikk+p%C3%A5+Helgelandskysten&rft.date=1962&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Troms%C3%B8&rft.pub=Troms%C3%B8+museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2014041108175&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gjestland, Truls (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2014030408057"><i>Gruvedrifta i Rauhåmmåren og Feragen</i></a>. [Røros]: Olavsgruvas venner.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAsbest&rft.au=Gjestland%2C+Truls&rft.btitle=Gruvedrifta+i+Rauh%C3%A5mm%C3%A5ren+og+Feragen&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%5BR%C3%B8ros%5D&rft.pub=Olavsgruvas+venner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2014030408057&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/politikk/i/Rzxx9r/en-avtale-fra-2019-kan-stoppe-salget-av-milliard-eiendommen-paa-svalbard">«Avtale fra 1919 stopper omstridt Svalbard-salg»,</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Aftenposten" title="Aftenposten">Aftenposten</a></i> 14. mai 2024 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Barbalace, Roberta C. (2004): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/environmental/asbestoshistory2004.html"><i>A Brief History of Asbestos Use and Associated Health Risks</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Bostock, John & Riley, H. T. (overs.) (1856): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/naturalhistoryof04plinrich#page/137/mode/1up/search/asbestinon">«Asbestinon»</a> i: <i>The Natural History of Pliny. Vol. IV</i>. London: Henry G. Bohn. s. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=Asbestos&searchmode=none">«asbestos»</a> i: <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrv.com/economy/asbestos.php"><i>Asbestos in the Roman empire</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armco.org.uk/asbestos-survey-news/asbestos-legends-and-tales-from-as-far-back-as-ancient-times/"><i>Asbestos tales from ancient times</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805172737/http://www.uit.no/melkoya/perioder/asbest.htm">«Bilde av keramikk magret med asbesttråder»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uit.no/melkoya/perioder/asbest.htm">originalen</a> 5. august 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. august 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AAsbest&rft.btitle=Bilde+av+keramikk+magret+med+asbesttr%C3%A5der&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uit.no%2Fmelkoya%2Fperioder%2Fasbest.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Oppvang, Janne: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/1929/2/thesis.pdf">Asbestkeramikk fra Slettnes, Finnmark - Typologi, teknologi og bruk</a> (PDF), Mastergradsoppgave i arkeologi ved UiT</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Barbalace, Roberta C. (2004): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/environmental/asbestoshistory2004.html"><i>A Brief History of Asbestos Use and Associated Health Risks</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Barbalace, Roberta C. (2004): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/environmental/asbestoshistory2004.html"><i>A Brief History of Asbestos Use and Associated Health Risks</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/medical/toxins/filter.asp">«Cigarette Filter Danger», <i>snopes.com</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Nielsen, Alf (2007): <i>Jeg var Rinnans fange</i>, forlaget Orion, Oslo, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788245808377" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-82-458-0837-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">NHI.no: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nhi.no/sykdommer/lunger/diverse/asbestose-25610.html">Hva er asbestose?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127103049/http://nhi.no/sykdommer/lunger/diverse/asbestose-25610.html">Arkivert</a> 27. november 2010 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arbeidstilsynet.no/tema/kjemikalier/asbest/">«Asbest»,</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbeidstilsynet" title="Arbeidstilsynet">Arbeidstilsynet</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbest&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbeidstilsynet.no/fakta.html?tid=78164">Arbeidstilsynets faktaside om asbest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203105309/http://www.arbeidstilsynet.no/fakta.html?tid=78164">Arkivert</a> 3. desember 2010 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovdata.no/cgi-wift/ldles?doc=/sf/sf/sf-20050426-0362.html">Forskrift om asbest hos Lovdata.no</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miljodirektoratet.no/ansvarsomrader/kjemikalier/">Miljødirektoratet: Kjemikalie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://miljostatus.miljodirektoratet.no/tema/miljogifter/">Miljøstatus i Norge: Miljøgifter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527101823/https://miljostatus.miljodirektoratet.no/tema/miljogifter/">Arkivert</a> 27. mai 2021 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24994932">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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