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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19492336/School_Context_Principal_Leadership_and_Student_Reading_Achievement">School Context, Principal Leadership, and Student Reading Achievement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19492336" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="880024b4065a56bdb6a7e01192aec6d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40650189,"asset_id":19492336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40650189/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24272165" href="https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/Leonardbickman">Leonard bickman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24272165" type="text/json">{"id":24272165,"first_name":"Leonard","last_name":"bickman","domain_name":"vanderbilt","page_name":"Leonardbickman","display_name":"Leonard bickman","profile_url":"https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/Leonardbickman?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24272165/6550185/7406044/s65_leonard.bickman.jpg_oh_0116f10fda31bc52e7dc3ad1df14a164_oe_5539da31___gda___1429444037_b5d1c9a9d95f9180af85e545d56914fa"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19492336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19492336"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19492336, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19492336", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19492336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19492336; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19492336"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19492336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19492336"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19492336; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19492336]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19492336").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19492336").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19492336"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems">Education Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124971" type="text/json">{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19492336]'), work: {"id":19492336,"title":"School Context, Principal Leadership, and Student Reading Achievement","created_at":"2015-12-04T22:43:55.848-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19492336/School_Context_Principal_Leadership_and_Student_Reading_Achievement?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_19492336","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40650189,"asset_id":19492336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24272165,"first_name":"Leonard","last_name":"bickman","domain_name":"vanderbilt","page_name":"Leonardbickman","display_name":"Leonard bickman","profile_url":"https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/Leonardbickman?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24272165/6550185/7406044/s65_leonard.bickman.jpg_oh_0116f10fda31bc52e7dc3ad1df14a164_oe_5539da31___gda___1429444037_b5d1c9a9d95f9180af85e545d56914fa"}],"research_interests":[{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14338624" data-work_id="14338624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14338624/Predicting_school_achievement_from_general_cognitive_ability_self_perceived_ability_and_intrinsic_value">Predicting school achievement from general cognitive ability, self-perceived ability, and intrinsic value</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study examined the extent to which motivation contributes to the prediction of school achievement among elementary school children beyond general mental ability (g). The sample consisted of N=1678 nine-year-old UK elementary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14338624" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study examined the extent to which motivation contributes to the prediction of school achievement among elementary school children beyond general mental ability (g). The sample consisted of N=1678 nine-year-old UK elementary school children who took part in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Teachers provided achievement assessments according to the UK National Curriculum criteria for Mathematics, English, and</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14338624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e59bdf83bf22e02d5aec8e5bffddb84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44309326,"asset_id":14338624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44309326/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33288861" href="https://uni-saarland.academia.edu/FrankSpinath">Frank Spinath</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33288861" type="text/json">{"id":33288861,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Spinath","domain_name":"uni-saarland","page_name":"FrankSpinath","display_name":"Frank Spinath","profile_url":"https://uni-saarland.academia.edu/FrankSpinath?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14338624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14338624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14338624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14338624", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14338624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14338624; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14338624"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14338624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14338624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14338624; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14338624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14338624").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14338624").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14338624"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence">Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2674" type="text/json">{"id":2674,"name":"Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14338624]'), work: {"id":14338624,"title":"Predicting school achievement from general cognitive ability, self-perceived ability, and intrinsic value","created_at":"2015-07-23T12:03:19.208-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14338624/Predicting_school_achievement_from_general_cognitive_ability_self_perceived_ability_and_intrinsic_value?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_14338624","summary":"The present study examined the extent to which motivation contributes to the prediction of school achievement among elementary school children beyond general mental ability (g). The sample consisted of N=1678 nine-year-old UK elementary school children who took part in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Teachers provided achievement assessments according to the UK National Curriculum criteria for Mathematics, English, and","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44309326,"asset_id":14338624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33288861,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Spinath","domain_name":"uni-saarland","page_name":"FrankSpinath","display_name":"Frank Spinath","profile_url":"https://uni-saarland.academia.edu/FrankSpinath?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":2674,"name":"Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":150229,"name":"Early development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_development?f_ri=112879"},{"id":428130,"name":"Cognitive Ability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Ability?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25677151" data-work_id="25677151" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25677151/How_early_does_morpholexical_reading_develop_in_readers_of_a_shallow_orthography">How early does morpholexical reading develop in readers of a shallow orthography?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this research, lexical and morpholexical reading in Italian children ages 8 to 10 years were investigated. Children and control adults were administered two tasks on words and pseudowords: visual lexical decision and naming. Word... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25677151" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this research, lexical and morpholexical reading in Italian children ages 8 to 10 years were investigated. Children and control adults were administered two tasks on words and pseudowords: visual lexical decision and naming. Word frequency effects in both lexical decision and naming were found in both children and adults. For all age groups pseudowords made up of roots and derivational suffixes were decided more frequently as possible words and were named more quickly and accurately than matched pseudowords with no morphological constituency. These results show that morpholexical reading is available and efficient in young readers of a shallow orthography, with similar patterns in children and adults.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25677151" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="45c8a2c05efcda846578a8f966352fae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46016693,"asset_id":25677151,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46016693/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32488391" href="https://cnr-it.academia.edu/CristinaBurani">Cristina Burani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32488391" type="text/json">{"id":32488391,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Burani","domain_name":"cnr-it","page_name":"CristinaBurani","display_name":"Cristina Burani","profile_url":"https://cnr-it.academia.edu/CristinaBurani?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25677151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25677151"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25677151, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25677151", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25677151]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25677151").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25677151").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25677151"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocabulary">Vocabulary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5591" type="text/json">{"id":5591,"name":"Vocabulary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocabulary?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading">Reading</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9471" type="text/json">{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics">Linguistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15674" type="text/json">{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25677151]'), work: {"id":25677151,"title":"How early does morpholexical reading develop in readers of a shallow orthography?","created_at":"2016-05-28T05:11:58.574-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25677151/How_early_does_morpholexical_reading_develop_in_readers_of_a_shallow_orthography?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_25677151","summary":"In this research, lexical and morpholexical reading in Italian children ages 8 to 10 years were investigated. Children and control adults were administered two tasks on words and pseudowords: visual lexical decision and naming. Word frequency effects in both lexical decision and naming were found in both children and adults. For all age groups pseudowords made up of roots and derivational suffixes were decided more frequently as possible words and were named more quickly and accurately than matched pseudowords with no morphological constituency. These results show that morpholexical reading is available and efficient in young readers of a shallow orthography, with similar patterns in children and adults.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46016693,"asset_id":25677151,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32488391,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Burani","domain_name":"cnr-it","page_name":"CristinaBurani","display_name":"Cristina Burani","profile_url":"https://cnr-it.academia.edu/CristinaBurani?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":5591,"name":"Vocabulary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocabulary?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language?f_ri=112879"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=112879"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=112879"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=112879"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":117700,"name":"Word Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Word_Frequency?f_ri=112879"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=112879"},{"id":165418,"name":"Lexical Decision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lexical_Decision?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1470936,"name":"Age Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Groups?f_ri=112879"},{"id":2463495,"name":"Random Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Random_Allocation?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14753406 coauthored" data-work_id="14753406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14753406/Leadership_style_and_organizational_learning_the_mediate_effect_of_school_vision">Leadership style and organizational learning: the mediate effect of school vision</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14753406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e607a1e8558766609abc9994f695589f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43916278,"asset_id":14753406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43916278/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33718079" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/RachelHertzlazarowitz">Rachel Hertz-lazarowitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33718079" type="text/json">{"id":33718079,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Hertz-lazarowitz","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"RachelHertzlazarowitz","display_name":"Rachel Hertz-lazarowitz","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/RachelHertzlazarowitz?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33718079/10062431/11225550/s65_rachel.hertz-lazarowitz.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14753406">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14753406"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://braude.academia.edu/HillaPeretz">Hilla Peretz</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14753406'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14753406').html(); } } new 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container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14753406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14753406"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14753406; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14753406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14753406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14753406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14753406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2334" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Administration">Educational Administration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2334" type="text/json">{"id":2334,"name":"Educational Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Administration?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning">Organizational Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2347" type="text/json">{"id":2347,"name":"Organizational Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2469" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lifelong_Learning">Lifelong Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2469" type="text/json">{"id":2469,"name":"Lifelong Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lifelong_Learning?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9401" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformational_Leadership">Transformational Leadership</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9401" type="text/json">{"id":9401,"name":"Transformational Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformational_Leadership?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14753406]'), work: {"id":14753406,"title":"Leadership style and organizational learning: the mediate effect of school vision","created_at":"2015-08-07T22:16:40.998-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14753406/Leadership_style_and_organizational_learning_the_mediate_effect_of_school_vision?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_14753406","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43916278,"asset_id":14753406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33718079,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Hertz-lazarowitz","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"RachelHertzlazarowitz","display_name":"Rachel Hertz-lazarowitz","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/RachelHertzlazarowitz?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33718079/10062431/11225550/s65_rachel.hertz-lazarowitz.jpg"},{"id":33755063,"first_name":"Hilla","last_name":"Peretz","domain_name":"braude","page_name":"HillaPeretz","display_name":"Hilla Peretz","profile_url":"https://braude.academia.edu/HillaPeretz?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2334,"name":"Educational Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Administration?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":2347,"name":"Organizational Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":2469,"name":"Lifelong Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lifelong_Learning?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":9401,"name":"Transformational Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformational_Leadership?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":17769,"name":"Professional Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development?f_ri=112879"},{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=112879"},{"id":96220,"name":"Leadership Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership_Style?f_ri=112879"},{"id":96543,"name":"Learning Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Organization?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=112879"},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=112879"},{"id":159687,"name":"Design Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_Methodology?f_ri=112879"},{"id":344767,"name":"Leadership styles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership_styles?f_ri=112879"},{"id":393134,"name":"Empirical evidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_evidence?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64448312" data-work_id="64448312" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64448312/The_Alignment_of_the_Informal_and_Formal_Organizational_Supports_for_Reform_Implications_for_Improving_Teaching_in_Schools">The Alignment of the Informal and Formal Organizational Supports for Reform: Implications for Improving Teaching in Schools</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Previous qualitative studies show that when the formal organization of a school and patterns of informal interaction are aligned, faculty and leaders in a school are better able to coordinate instructional change. This article combines... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64448312" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Previous qualitative studies show that when the formal organization of a school and patterns of informal interaction are aligned, faculty and leaders in a school are better able to coordinate instructional change. This article combines social network analysis with interview data to analyze how well the formal and informal aspects of a school’s social context are aligned. The focus is on two elementary schools engaged in initiatives aimed to use data to inform instructional decision making. The multimethod case study integrated findings from questionnaire and interview data. Data were collected over two years from case study schools. By fitting multilevel social selection models to longitudinal social network data collected from surveys, the authors estimated the relative influence of formal and informal processes on patterns of advice giving in each school. They used interview data to contextualize and corroborate findings. The social selection models they fit revealed distinct patt...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64448312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab0409b46c3021f42957a3d5d85163f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76481654,"asset_id":64448312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76481654/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34245774" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MargaretRiel">Margaret Riel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34245774" type="text/json">{"id":34245774,"first_name":"Margaret","last_name":"Riel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MargaretRiel","display_name":"Margaret Riel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MargaretRiel?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/52850b8b433e5b578916e25442089cda?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64448312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64448312"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64448312, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64448312", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64448312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64448312; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64448312"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64448312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64448312"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64448312; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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This article combines social network analysis with interview data to analyze how well the formal and informal aspects of a school’s social context are aligned. The focus is on two elementary schools engaged in initiatives aimed to use data to inform instructional decision making. The multimethod case study integrated findings from questionnaire and interview data. Data were collected over two years from case study schools. By fitting multilevel social selection models to longitudinal social network data collected from surveys, the authors estimated the relative influence of formal and informal processes on patterns of advice giving in each school. They used interview data to contextualize and corroborate findings. The social selection models they fit revealed distinct patt...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76481654,"asset_id":64448312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34245774,"first_name":"Margaret","last_name":"Riel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MargaretRiel","display_name":"Margaret Riel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MargaretRiel?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/52850b8b433e5b578916e25442089cda?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":7099,"name":"Case Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":36837,"name":"Information Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Processing?f_ri=112879"},{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=112879"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=112879"},{"id":83478,"name":"Social Context","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Context?f_ri=112879"},{"id":84578,"name":"Educational","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational?f_ri=112879"},{"id":85344,"name":"Model Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_Selection?f_ri=112879"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=112879"},{"id":108782,"name":"Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":149123,"name":"Organizational Theories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Theories?f_ri=112879"},{"id":153168,"name":"Data Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Collection?f_ri=112879"},{"id":160433,"name":"Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selection?f_ri=112879"},{"id":165585,"name":"Qualitative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Study?f_ri=112879"},{"id":322351,"name":"Institutional analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_analysis?f_ri=112879"},{"id":631704,"name":"Social Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network_Analysis?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1199379,"name":"Social Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1869414" data-work_id="1869414" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1869414/_Smart_Bodies_school_wellness_program_increased_childrens_knowledge_of_healthy_nutrition_practices_and_self_efficacy_to_consume_fruit_and_vegetables">“Smart Bodies” school wellness program increased children's knowledge of healthy nutrition practices and self-efficacy to consume fruit and vegetables</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1869414" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2334295" href="https://lsu.academia.edu/MichaelZanovec">Michael Zanovec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2334295" type="text/json">{"id":2334295,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Zanovec","domain_name":"lsu","page_name":"MichaelZanovec","display_name":"Michael Zanovec","profile_url":"https://lsu.academia.edu/MichaelZanovec?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1869414 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1869414"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1869414, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1869414", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1869414 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44057" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum">Curriculum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44057" type="text/json">{"id":44057,"name":"Curriculum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1869414]'), work: {"id":1869414,"title":"“Smart Bodies” school wellness program increased children's knowledge of healthy nutrition practices and self-efficacy to consume fruit and vegetables","created_at":"2012-08-18T22:57:33.310-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1869414/_Smart_Bodies_school_wellness_program_increased_childrens_knowledge_of_healthy_nutrition_practices_and_self_efficacy_to_consume_fruit_and_vegetables?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_1869414","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32961014,"asset_id":1869414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2334295,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Zanovec","domain_name":"lsu","page_name":"MichaelZanovec","display_name":"Michael Zanovec","profile_url":"https://lsu.academia.edu/MichaelZanovec?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":44057,"name":"Curriculum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=112879"},{"id":60585,"name":"Factor analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Factor_analysis?f_ri=112879"},{"id":60842,"name":"Appetite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appetite?f_ri=112879"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=112879"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=112879"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=112879"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":160767,"name":"Louisiana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louisiana?f_ri=112879"},{"id":160814,"name":"Fruit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit?f_ri=112879"},{"id":197351,"name":"Awareness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Awareness?f_ri=112879"},{"id":208544,"name":"Vegetables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetables?f_ri=112879"},{"id":219123,"name":"Ethnic Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Groups?f_ri=112879"},{"id":229398,"name":"Fruit and vegetables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit_and_vegetables?f_ri=112879"},{"id":413196,"name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=112879"},{"id":557260,"name":"Health surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_surveys?f_ri=112879"},{"id":868965,"name":"Low Income","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Income?f_ri=112879"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1303573,"name":"Fruit Juice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit_Juice?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24771758" data-work_id="24771758" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24771758/The_child_behavior_checklist_together_with_the_ADHD_rating_scale_can_diagnose_ADHD_in_Korean_community_based_samples">The child behavior checklist together with the ADHD rating scale can diagnose ADHD in Korean community-based samples</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical validities and efficiencies of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ARS) in identifying children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24771758" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical validities and efficiencies of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ARS) in identifying children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korean community-based samples. A large sample of elementary school students (n = 1668) participated in this study. We used the CBCL and the ARS as the screening instruments. Diagnoses were determined by clinical psychiatric interviews and confirmed by DSM-IV-based structured interviews. Of the 46 subjects who underwent clinical psychiatric interviews, 33 were diagnosed as having ADHD. A T score of 60 with regard to the Attention Problems profile of the CBCL resulted in a reasonable level of sensitivity or positive predictive value in the diagnosis of ADHD. In both the parent and teacher reports of the ARS, 90th percentile cut-off points resulted in a high level of predictive value. The highest levels of specificity and positive predictive value were ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24771758" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb3be473c12ae2b0afb0707d6f4b7dd7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45100137,"asset_id":24771758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45100137/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47761693" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeunahCheon">Keun-ah Cheon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47761693" type="text/json">{"id":47761693,"first_name":"Keun-ah","last_name":"Cheon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KeunahCheon","display_name":"Keun-ah Cheon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KeunahCheon?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24771758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24771758"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24771758, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24771758", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24771758]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24771758").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24771758").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24771758"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder">Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2350" type="text/json">{"id":2350,"name":"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3138" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community-Based_Mental_Health_Services">Community-Based Mental Health Services</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3138" type="text/json">{"id":3138,"name":"Community-Based Mental Health Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community-Based_Mental_Health_Services?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24771758]'), work: {"id":24771758,"title":"The child behavior checklist together with the ADHD rating scale can diagnose ADHD in Korean community-based samples","created_at":"2016-04-26T06:34:45.938-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24771758/The_child_behavior_checklist_together_with_the_ADHD_rating_scale_can_diagnose_ADHD_in_Korean_community_based_samples?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_24771758","summary":"The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical validities and efficiencies of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ARS) in identifying children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korean community-based samples. A large sample of elementary school students (n = 1668) participated in this study. We used the CBCL and the ARS as the screening instruments. Diagnoses were determined by clinical psychiatric interviews and confirmed by DSM-IV-based structured interviews. Of the 46 subjects who underwent clinical psychiatric interviews, 33 were diagnosed as having ADHD. A T score of 60 with regard to the Attention Problems profile of the CBCL resulted in a reasonable level of sensitivity or positive predictive value in the diagnosis of ADHD. In both the parent and teacher reports of the ARS, 90th percentile cut-off points resulted in a high level of predictive value. The highest levels of specificity and positive predictive value were ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45100137,"asset_id":24771758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47761693,"first_name":"Keun-ah","last_name":"Cheon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KeunahCheon","display_name":"Keun-ah Cheon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KeunahCheon?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2350,"name":"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":3138,"name":"Community-Based Mental Health Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community-Based_Mental_Health_Services?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":65485,"name":"Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Korea?f_ri=112879"},{"id":73645,"name":"Sampling methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sampling_methods?f_ri=112879"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=112879"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":245071,"name":"Rating Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rating_Scale?f_ri=112879"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=112879"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1318938,"name":"Positive predictive value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_predictive_value?f_ri=112879"},{"id":2222405,"name":"Child Behavior Checklist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Behavior_Checklist?f_ri=112879"},{"id":2404953,"name":"Case definition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_definition?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73977468" data-work_id="73977468" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73977468/_Didnt_Get_Expected_Answer_Rectify_It_Teaching_science_content_in_an_elementary_science_classroom_using_hands_on_activities">‘Didn't Get Expected Answer, Rectify It.’: Teaching science content in an elementary science classroom using hands-on activities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73977468" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4537eb53a3e8de77ac92645d1f66897b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82299029,"asset_id":73977468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82299029/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5233279" href="https://nanyang.academia.edu/ATan">Aikling Tan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5233279" type="text/json">{"id":5233279,"first_name":"Aikling","last_name":"Tan","domain_name":"nanyang","page_name":"ATan","display_name":"Aikling Tan","profile_url":"https://nanyang.academia.edu/ATan?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5233279/28980304/27035317/s65_aikling.tan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73977468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73977468"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73977468, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73977468", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73977468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73977468; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73977468"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73977468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73977468"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73977468; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73977468]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73977468").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73977468").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73977468"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1736" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education">Science Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1736" type="text/json">{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5412" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy">Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5412" type="text/json">{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89488" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods">Teaching Methods</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="89488" type="text/json">{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73977468]'), work: {"id":73977468,"title":"‘Didn't Get Expected Answer, Rectify It.’: Teaching science content in an elementary science classroom using hands-on activities","created_at":"2022-03-17T19:03:42.183-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73977468/_Didnt_Get_Expected_Answer_Rectify_It_Teaching_science_content_in_an_elementary_science_classroom_using_hands_on_activities?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_73977468","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82299029,"asset_id":73977468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5233279,"first_name":"Aikling","last_name":"Tan","domain_name":"nanyang","page_name":"ATan","display_name":"Aikling Tan","profile_url":"https://nanyang.academia.edu/ATan?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5233279/28980304/27035317/s65_aikling.tan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4097640" data-work_id="4097640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4097640/Early_Elementary_School_Intervention_to_Reduce_Conduct_Problems_A_Randomized_Trial_With_Hispanic_and_Non_Hispanic_Children">Early Elementary School Intervention to Reduce Conduct Problems: A Randomized Trial With Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4097640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2d6a61e39d2b8b96045ada4293e88b6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31620564,"asset_id":4097640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31620564/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4943168" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyBiglan">Anthony Biglan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4943168" type="text/json">{"id":4943168,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Biglan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnthonyBiglan","display_name":"Anthony Biglan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyBiglan?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4943168/2135977/31671616/s65_anthony.biglan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4097640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4097640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4097640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4097640", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4097640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4097640; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4097640"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4097640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4097640"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4097640; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4097640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4097640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4097640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4097640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4793" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Delinquency">Juvenile Delinquency</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4793" type="text/json">{"id":4793,"name":"Juvenile Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Delinquency?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8031" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialization">Socialization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8031" type="text/json">{"id":8031,"name":"Socialization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialization?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention_Science">Prevention Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20650" type="text/json">{"id":20650,"name":"Prevention Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention_Science?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25052" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia">Dyslexia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25052" type="text/json">{"id":25052,"name":"Dyslexia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyslexia?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4097640]'), work: {"id":4097640,"title":"Early Elementary School Intervention to Reduce Conduct Problems: A Randomized Trial With Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Children","created_at":"2013-07-24T08:46:03.411-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4097640/Early_Elementary_School_Intervention_to_Reduce_Conduct_Problems_A_Randomized_Trial_With_Hispanic_and_Non_Hispanic_Children?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_4097640","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31620564,"asset_id":4097640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4943168,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Biglan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnthonyBiglan","display_name":"Anthony Biglan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyBiglan?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4943168/2135977/31671616/s65_anthony.biglan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4793,"name":"Juvenile 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factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=112879"},{"id":195596,"name":"Parent Training Programs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parent_Training_Programs?f_ri=112879"},{"id":203752,"name":"Randomized Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Trial?f_ri=112879"},{"id":388060,"name":"Antisocial Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisocial_Behavior?f_ri=112879"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=112879"},{"id":498286,"name":"Conduct Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conduct_Problems?f_ri=112879"},{"id":533048,"name":"Problem Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Behavior?f_ri=112879"},{"id":561981,"name":"European Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Continental_Ancestry_Group?f_ri=112879"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=112879"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18726400" data-work_id="18726400" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18726400/Use_of_Elaboration_Strategies_by_Students_in_Grades_Two_Four_and_Six">Use of Elaboration Strategies by Students in Grades Two, Four, and Six</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18726400" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2ff0fbb5247236206b53559209e9338" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40221747,"asset_id":18726400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40221747/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38792426" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilloughbyT">Teena Willoughby</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38792426" type="text/json">{"id":38792426,"first_name":"Teena","last_name":"Willoughby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WilloughbyT","display_name":"Teena Willoughby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WilloughbyT?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18726400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18726400"><i class="u-m1x fa 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view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18726400"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18726400; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18726400]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18726400").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18726400").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18726400"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems">Education Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124971" type="text/json">{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18726400]'), work: {"id":18726400,"title":"Use of Elaboration Strategies by Students in Grades Two, Four, and Six","created_at":"2015-11-20T14:04:07.249-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18726400/Use_of_Elaboration_Strategies_by_Students_in_Grades_Two_Four_and_Six?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_18726400","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40221747,"asset_id":18726400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38792426,"first_name":"Teena","last_name":"Willoughby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WilloughbyT","display_name":"Teena Willoughby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WilloughbyT?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44023039" data-work_id="44023039" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44023039/Class_Size_and_School_Performance_An_Analysis_of_Elementary_and_Middle_Schools">Class Size and School Performance: An Analysis of Elementary and Middle Schools</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The class size debate is still ongoing among researchers, even though smaller class sizes are widely supported by parents, teachers, and the public. To contribute to this discussion, data was taken from the North Carolina (NC) School... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44023039" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The class size debate is still ongoing among researchers, even though smaller class sizes are widely supported by parents, teachers, and the public. To contribute to this discussion, data was taken from the North Carolina (NC) School Report Cards (SRC) datasets and used to address two questions: First, is there a relationship between an elementary school’s performance score and average class size?  Second, is there a relationship between a middle school’s performance score and average class size? Using the results from a linear regression and ordered logit, we find that average class size significantly predicts both NC elementary and middle school performance. However, the estimates suggest that higher average class size is negatively related to elementary school performance, but positively related to middle school performance. These results suggest that the impact of class size on student and school performance may depend on the grade levels in question, for example, elementary or middle school. We conclude that policymakers should act carefully when manipulating class sizes, since the effect may depend on the grade levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44023039" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da75aa6afc856de8b54aed82893d022c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64359345,"asset_id":44023039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64359345/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102447232" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ISTESOffice">ISTES Publication</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102447232" type="text/json">{"id":102447232,"first_name":"ISTES","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ISTESOffice","display_name":"ISTES Publication","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ISTESOffice?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102447232/22629066/32830180/s65_istes.organization.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44023039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44023039"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44023039, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44023039", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44023039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44023039; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44023039"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44023039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44023039"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44023039; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44023039]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44023039").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44023039").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44023039"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4874" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_School_Level_Education">Middle School/Level Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4874" type="text/json">{"id":4874,"name":"Middle School/Level Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_School_Level_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93353" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="93353" type="text/json">{"id":93353,"name":"North Carolina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Carolina?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="105850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Size">Class Size</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="105850" type="text/json">{"id":105850,"name":"Class Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Size?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44023039]'), work: {"id":44023039,"title":"Class Size and School Performance: An Analysis of Elementary and Middle Schools","created_at":"2020-09-05T06:47:49.585-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44023039/Class_Size_and_School_Performance_An_Analysis_of_Elementary_and_Middle_Schools?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_44023039","summary":"The class size debate is still ongoing among researchers, even though smaller class sizes are widely supported by parents, teachers, and the public. To contribute to this discussion, data was taken from the North Carolina (NC) School Report Cards (SRC) datasets and used to address two questions: First, is there a relationship between an elementary school’s performance score and average class size? Second, is there a relationship between a middle school’s performance score and average class size? Using the results from a linear regression and ordered logit, we find that average class size significantly predicts both NC elementary and middle school performance. However, the estimates suggest that higher average class size is negatively related to elementary school performance, but positively related to middle school performance. These results suggest that the impact of class size on student and school performance may depend on the grade levels in question, for example, elementary or middle school. We conclude that policymakers should act carefully when manipulating class sizes, since the effect may depend on the grade levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64359345,"asset_id":44023039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102447232,"first_name":"ISTES","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ISTESOffice","display_name":"ISTES Publication","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ISTESOffice?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102447232/22629066/32830180/s65_istes.organization.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4874,"name":"Middle School/Level Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_School_Level_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":93353,"name":"North Carolina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Carolina?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":105850,"name":"Class Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Size?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65536727" data-work_id="65536727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65536727/Using_a_Field_Trip_Inventory_to_Determine_If_Listening_to_Elementary_School_Students_Conversations_While_on_a_Zoo_Field_Trip_Enhances_Preservice_Teachers_Abilities_to_Plan_Zoo_Field_Trips">Using a Field Trip Inventory to Determine If Listening to Elementary School Students' Conversations, While on a Zoo Field Trip, Enhances Preservice Teachers' Abilities to Plan Zoo Field Trips</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study investigated whether listening to spontaneous conversations of elementary students and their teachers/chaperones, while they were visiting a zoo, affected preservice elementary teachers&#x27; conceptions about planning a field... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65536727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study investigated whether listening to spontaneous conversations of elementary students and their teachers/chaperones, while they were visiting a zoo, affected preservice elementary teachers&#x27; conceptions about planning a field trip to the zoo. One hundred five preservice elementary teachers designed field trips prior to and after listening to students&#x27; conversations during a field trip to the zoo. In order to analyze the preservice teachers&#x27; field trip designs, we conducted a review of the literature on field trips to develop the field trip inventory (FTI). The FTI focussed on three major components of field trips: cognitive, procedural, and social. Cognitive components were subdivided into pre-visit, during-visit, and post-visit activities and problem-solving. Procedural components included information about the informal science education facility (the zoo) and the zoo staff and included advanced organizers. Social components on student groups, fun, control dur...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65536727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6692afe13723d1a7d2ae0c67951afd4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77088649,"asset_id":65536727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77088649/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16100119" href="https://ioe.academia.edu/SueTunnicliffe">Sue D . Tunnicliffe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16100119" type="text/json">{"id":16100119,"first_name":"Sue","last_name":"Tunnicliffe","domain_name":"ioe","page_name":"SueTunnicliffe","display_name":"Sue D . 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One hundred five preservice elementary teachers designed field trips prior to and after listening to students\u0026#x27; conversations during a field trip to the zoo. In order to analyze the preservice teachers\u0026#x27; field trip designs, we conducted a review of the literature on field trips to develop the field trip inventory (FTI). The FTI focussed on three major components of field trips: cognitive, procedural, and social. Cognitive components were subdivided into pre-visit, during-visit, and post-visit activities and problem-solving. Procedural components included information about the informal science education facility (the zoo) and the zoo staff and included advanced organizers. Social components on student groups, fun, control dur...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77088649,"asset_id":65536727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16100119,"first_name":"Sue","last_name":"Tunnicliffe","domain_name":"ioe","page_name":"SueTunnicliffe","display_name":"Sue D . Tunnicliffe","profile_url":"https://ioe.academia.edu/SueTunnicliffe?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16100119/50927003/38976619/s65_sue.tunnicliffe.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":49419,"name":"Problem Solving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Solving?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":131640,"name":"Student Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Learning?f_ri=112879"},{"id":149995,"name":"Preservice Teachers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preservice_Teachers?f_ri=112879"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=112879"},{"id":908760,"name":"Informing Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informing_Science?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53126364" data-work_id="53126364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53126364/Auto_efic%C3%A1cia_e_desempenho_escolar_em_alunos_do_Ensino_Fundamental_Self_efficacy_and_school_achievement_in_students_of_elementary_school">Auto-eficácia e desempenho escolar em alunos do Ensino Fundamental Self-efficacy and school achievement in students of elementary school</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The self-efficacy beliefs, defined as the perceptio ns of the personal capacity to reveal the behaviors which are necessary to reach specific objectives, are con sidered an important motivational factor, acting as mediating factor between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53126364" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The self-efficacy beliefs, defined as the perceptio ns of the personal capacity to reveal the behaviors which are necessary to reach specific objectives, are con sidered an important motivational factor, acting as mediating factor between the capacities of the indi vidual and his performance. The purpose of this research is to analyse the relationship between the perception of self-efficacy and</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53126364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b945756e28b791175d96bd55fd769456" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70060086,"asset_id":53126364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70060086/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66869122" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SylviaBarrera1">Sylvia Barrera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66869122" type="text/json">{"id":66869122,"first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Barrera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SylviaBarrera1","display_name":"Sylvia Barrera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SylviaBarrera1?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53126364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53126364"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53126364, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53126364", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53126364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53126364; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53126364"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53126364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53126364"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53126364; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53126364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53126364").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53126364").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53126364"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50581" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy">Self Efficacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50581" type="text/json">{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53126364]'), work: {"id":53126364,"title":"Auto-eficácia e desempenho escolar em alunos do Ensino Fundamental Self-efficacy and school achievement in students of elementary school","created_at":"2021-09-21T07:35:40.890-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53126364/Auto_efic%C3%A1cia_e_desempenho_escolar_em_alunos_do_Ensino_Fundamental_Self_efficacy_and_school_achievement_in_students_of_elementary_school?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_53126364","summary":"The self-efficacy beliefs, defined as the perceptio ns of the personal capacity to reveal the behaviors which are necessary to reach specific objectives, are con sidered an important motivational factor, acting as mediating factor between the capacities of the indi vidual and his performance. The purpose of this research is to analyse the relationship between the perception of self-efficacy and","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70060086,"asset_id":53126364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":66869122,"first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Barrera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SylviaBarrera1","display_name":"Sylvia Barrera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SylviaBarrera1?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1023749" data-work_id="1023749" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1023749/A_Validation_of_Eye_Movements_as_a_Measure_of_Elementary_School_Children">A Validation of Eye Movements as a Measure of Elementary School Children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1023749" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0af56fcff12023144b516b72b5a003e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51130353,"asset_id":1023749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51130353/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="853670" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/AngelaHeine">Angela Heine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="853670" 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Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1755" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking">Eye tracking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1755" type="text/json">{"id":1755,"name":"Eye tracking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_tracking?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development">Cognitive development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2971" type="text/json">{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1023749]'), work: {"id":1023749,"title":"A Validation of Eye Movements as a Measure of 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25947503" data-work_id="25947503" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25947503/Environmental_tobacco_smoke_exposure_and_nocturnal_symptoms_among_inner_city_children_with_asthma">Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and nocturnal symptoms among inner-city children with asthma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25947503" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20808298" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/SusanBartlett">Susan J . Bartlett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20808298" type="text/json">{"id":20808298,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Bartlett","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"SusanBartlett","display_name":"Susan J . 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Bartlett","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/SusanBartlett?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20808298/18271336/18243253/s65_susan.bartlett.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":633,"name":"Primary Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":9968,"name":"Asthma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":22772,"name":"Urban 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School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=112879"},{"id":201441,"name":"Caregivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caregivers?f_ri=112879"},{"id":210652,"name":"Maryland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maryland?f_ri=112879"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=112879"},{"id":399434,"name":"Morbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morbidity?f_ri=112879"},{"id":557260,"name":"Health surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_surveys?f_ri=112879"},{"id":736022,"name":"District of Columbia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/District_of_Columbia?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1235232,"name":"Environmental Tobacco Smoke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Tobacco_Smoke?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1826493,"name":"Clinical Allergy and Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Allergy_and_Immunology?f_ri=112879"},{"id":2463800,"name":"Severity of Illness Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severity_of_Illness_Index?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21643645 coauthored" data-work_id="21643645" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21643645/A_Comparison_of_the_School_Intrinsic_Motivation_and_Perceived_Competence_of_Gifted_and_Regular_Students">A Comparison of the School Intrinsic Motivation and Perceived Competence of Gifted and Regular Students</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21643645" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="380268ec70c349833413448dcc5f8156" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42260013,"asset_id":21643645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42260013/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42804240" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrancoysGagne">Françoys Gagné</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42804240" type="text/json">{"id":42804240,"first_name":"Françoys","last_name":"Gagné","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancoysGagne","display_name":"Françoys Gagné","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancoysGagne?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-21643645">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-21643645"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uqam.academia.edu/RVallerand">R. Vallerand</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucPelletier1">Luc Pelletier</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-21643645'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-21643645').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21643645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21643645"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21643645, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21643645", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21643645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21643645; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21643645"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21643645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21643645"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21643645; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21643645]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21643645").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21643645").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21643645"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23986" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intrinsic_motivation">Intrinsic motivation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23986" type="text/json">{"id":23986,"name":"Intrinsic motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intrinsic_motivation?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="697363" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gifted_Child">Gifted Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="697363" type="text/json">{"id":697363,"name":"Gifted Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gifted_Child?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21643645]'), work: {"id":21643645,"title":"A Comparison of the School Intrinsic Motivation and Perceived Competence of Gifted and Regular Students","created_at":"2016-02-06T21:54:47.005-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21643645/A_Comparison_of_the_School_Intrinsic_Motivation_and_Perceived_Competence_of_Gifted_and_Regular_Students?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_21643645","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42260013,"asset_id":21643645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42804240,"first_name":"Françoys","last_name":"Gagné","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancoysGagne","display_name":"Françoys Gagné","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancoysGagne?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32475366,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Vallerand","domain_name":"uqam","page_name":"RVallerand","display_name":"R. Vallerand","profile_url":"https://uqam.academia.edu/RVallerand?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":44644165,"first_name":"Luc","last_name":"Pelletier","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucPelletier1","display_name":"Luc Pelletier","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucPelletier1?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23986,"name":"Intrinsic motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intrinsic_motivation?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":697363,"name":"Gifted Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gifted_Child?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16503102" data-work_id="16503102" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16503102/Interpupillary_index_a_new_parameter_for_hypo_hypertelorism">Interpupillary index: a new parameter for hypo-hypertelorism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aim: To establish a new clinical index to evaluate the presence of hypo-hypertelorism with greater accuracy. Material and Methods: After screening a wide range of population, 310 elementary school children (185 boys, 125 girls) aged 7–15... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16503102" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aim: To establish a new clinical index to evaluate the presence of hypo-hypertelorism with greater accuracy. Material and Methods: After screening a wide range of population, 310 elementary school children (185 boys, 125 girls) aged 7–15 years were included in this study. For this cross-sectional study, a millimetre ruler was used. The anatomical interpupillary distance was measured by a modified Viktorin&#x27;s method. In addition, inner and outer intercanthal distances were obtained. The data were analyzed by Student&#x27;s t -test for two independent samples using SPSS for Windows. There were children with clinical hypertelorism (n=92, group 1), children with large fronto-occipital circumference (FOC) (n=101, group 2), and age- and sex-matched normal controls (n=117, group 3). Due to variations in FOC among healthy subjects, we introduced a new practical concept for evaluation of interpupillary distance, namely the interpupillary index, the simple product obtained by dividing the...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16503102" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1de39b3ce8308832c62a4d88ac50752e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42495987,"asset_id":16503102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42495987/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35736973" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MBorazan">Mehmet Borazan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35736973" type="text/json">{"id":35736973,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"Borazan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MBorazan","display_name":"Mehmet Borazan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MBorazan?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16503102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16503102"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16503102, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16503102", }); 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Material and Methods: After screening a wide range of population, 310 elementary school children (185 boys, 125 girls) aged 7–15 years were included in this study. For this cross-sectional study, a millimetre ruler was used. The anatomical interpupillary distance was measured by a modified Viktorin\u0026#x27;s method. In addition, inner and outer intercanthal distances were obtained. The data were analyzed by Student\u0026#x27;s t -test for two independent samples using SPSS for Windows. There were children with clinical hypertelorism (n=92, group 1), children with large fronto-occipital circumference (FOC) (n=101, group 2), and age- and sex-matched normal controls (n=117, group 3). 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29689201"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_language">English language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3979" type="text/json">{"id":3979,"name":"English language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_language?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17769" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development">Professional Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17769" type="text/json">{"id":17769,"name":"Professional Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34229" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_professional_development">Teacher professional development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34229" type="text/json">{"id":34229,"name":"Teacher professional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_professional_development?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29689201]'), work: {"id":29689201,"title":"Teacher Professional Development to Improve the Science and Literacy Achievement of 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Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":34229,"name":"Teacher professional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_professional_development?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":237346,"name":"Bilingual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bilingual?f_ri=112879"},{"id":442734,"name":"First Year","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Year?f_ri=112879"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=112879"},{"id":624707,"name":"English Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Language-2?f_ri=112879"},{"id":2255525,"name":"English Language Learner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Language_Learner?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4265707" data-work_id="4265707" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4265707/A_Model_of_Contagion_Through_Competition_in_the_Aggressive_Behaviors_of_Elementary_School_Students">A Model of Contagion Through Competition in the Aggressive Behaviors of Elementary School Students</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article extends the work of Kellam, Ling, Merisca, Brown and Ialongo (1998) by applying a mathematical model of competition between children to peer contagion in the aggressive behaviors of elementary school students. Nonlinearity in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4265707" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article extends the work of Kellam, Ling, Merisca, Brown and Ialongo (1998) by applying a mathematical model of competition between children to peer contagion in the aggressive behaviors of elementary school students. Nonlinearity in the relationship between group aggression and individual aggression at 2-year follow-up is present. Consistent with the findings of Kellam et al. (1998), hierarchical linear modeling indicates that the relationship is statistically significant for those students whose initial parental ratings of aggressive behavior were above the sample median. In the context of competition between students, the behavior of initially aggressive students may be negatively reinforced. Lowering aggression in the school environment may therefore be the most effective way to lower the level of these students’ aggressive behavior.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4265707" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f9602dcdcbb100a285f09138fdd68350" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49968946,"asset_id":4265707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49968946/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5171889" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeithWarren">Keith Warren</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5171889" type="text/json">{"id":5171889,"first_name":"Keith","last_name":"Warren","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KeithWarren","display_name":"Keith Warren","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KeithWarren?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5171889/2276266/2659527/s65_keith.warren.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4265707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4265707"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4265707, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4265707", }); 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Nonlinearity in the relationship between group aggression and individual aggression at 2-year follow-up is present. Consistent with the findings of Kellam et al. (1998), hierarchical linear modeling indicates that the relationship is statistically significant for those students whose initial parental ratings of aggressive behavior were above the sample median. In the context of competition between students, the behavior of initially aggressive students may be negatively reinforced. Lowering aggression in the school environment may therefore be the most effective way to lower the level of these students’ aggressive behavior.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49968946,"asset_id":4265707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5171889,"first_name":"Keith","last_name":"Warren","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KeithWarren","display_name":"Keith Warren","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KeithWarren?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5171889/2276266/2659527/s65_keith.warren.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":48632,"name":"Aggressive Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aggressive_Behavior?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":82732,"name":"Aggression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aggression?f_ri=112879"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=112879"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=112879"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=112879"},{"id":174464,"name":"Social Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Environment?f_ri=112879"},{"id":252761,"name":"Abnormal Child Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abnormal_Child_Psychology?f_ri=112879"},{"id":284849,"name":"Peer group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peer_group?f_ri=112879"},{"id":291387,"name":"Mathematical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model?f_ri=112879"},{"id":306862,"name":"Abnormal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abnormal?f_ri=112879"},{"id":375296,"name":"Observer Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Observer_Variation?f_ri=112879"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1294378,"name":"Hierarchical Linear Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hierarchical_Linear_Model?f_ri=112879"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10095612" data-work_id="10095612" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10095612/Preservice_Teachers_Knowledge_of_Difficulties_in_Decimal_Numeration">Preservice Teachers' Knowledge of Difficulties in Decimal Numeration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study we investigated preservice elementary school teachers' content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge of decimal numeration. The preservice teachers completed a decimal comparison test, marked items they thought would... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10095612" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study we investigated preservice elementary school teachers' content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge of decimal numeration. The preservice teachers completed a decimal comparison test, marked items they thought would be difficult for students, and explained why. Only about 80 percent of the sample tested as experts, indicating that a significant proportion of preservice teachers have inadequate content knowledge of decimals. Confusion about the size of decimals in relation to zero was a significant and unexpected difficulty, leading to concerns about the fragmentary nature of the preservice teachers' knowledge. Most preservice teachers were aware of longer-is-larger misconceptions in students, but had little awareness of shorter-is-larger misconceptions. Preservice teachers' explanations for the reasons students might have difficulty demonstrated that many are good at identifying features that make comparisons difficult but less able to explain why these cause trouble. Results point to the need for teacher education to emphasise content knowledge that integrates different aspects of number knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge that includes a thorough understanding of common difficulties.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10095612" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="861ccb10b9d239c627dd57562bec24a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47534756,"asset_id":10095612,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47534756/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24598283" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/KayeStacey">Kaye Stacey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24598283" type="text/json">{"id":24598283,"first_name":"Kaye","last_name":"Stacey","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"KayeStacey","display_name":"Kaye Stacey","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/KayeStacey?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10095612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10095612"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10095612, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10095612", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10095612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10095612; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10095612"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10095612 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10095612"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10095612; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10095612]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10095612").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10095612").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10095612"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="300" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="300" type="text/json">{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1601" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education">Teacher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1601" type="text/json">{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27801" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Teacher_Education">Mathematics Teacher Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27801" type="text/json">{"id":27801,"name":"Mathematics Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Teacher_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10095612]'), work: {"id":10095612,"title":"Preservice Teachers' Knowledge of Difficulties in Decimal Numeration","created_at":"2015-01-09T22:49:49.628-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10095612/Preservice_Teachers_Knowledge_of_Difficulties_in_Decimal_Numeration?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_10095612","summary":"In this study we investigated preservice elementary school teachers' content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge of decimal numeration. The preservice teachers completed a decimal comparison test, marked items they thought would be difficult for students, and explained why. Only about 80 percent of the sample tested as experts, indicating that a significant proportion of preservice teachers have inadequate content knowledge of decimals. Confusion about the size of decimals in relation to zero was a significant and unexpected difficulty, leading to concerns about the fragmentary nature of the preservice teachers' knowledge. Most preservice teachers were aware of longer-is-larger misconceptions in students, but had little awareness of shorter-is-larger misconceptions. Preservice teachers' explanations for the reasons students might have difficulty demonstrated that many are good at identifying features that make comparisons difficult but less able to explain why these cause trouble. Results point to the need for teacher education to emphasise content knowledge that integrates different aspects of number knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge that includes a thorough understanding of common difficulties.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47534756,"asset_id":10095612,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24598283,"first_name":"Kaye","last_name":"Stacey","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"KayeStacey","display_name":"Kaye Stacey","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/KayeStacey?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":27801,"name":"Mathematics Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Teacher_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":36556,"name":"Elementary Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_Education?f_ri=112879"},{"id":71598,"name":"Pedagogical Content Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedagogical_Content_Knowledge?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":149995,"name":"Preservice Teachers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preservice_Teachers?f_ri=112879"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19961269" data-work_id="19961269" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19961269/Finger_Fruits_Pre_Sliced_Fruit_in_Schools_Increases_Selection_and_Intake">Finger Fruits: Pre-Sliced Fruit in Schools Increases Selection and Intake</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19961269" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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data-card-contents-for-user="40831754" type="text/json">{"id":40831754,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Just","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JustD","display_name":"David Just","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JustD?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19961269 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19961269"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19961269, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19961269", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19961269 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19961269; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19961269"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19961269 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19961269"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19961269; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19961269]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19961269").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19961269").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19961269"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28157" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Change">Environmental Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28157" type="text/json">{"id":28157,"name":"Environmental Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Change?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Behavior">Eating Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132215" type="text/json">{"id":132215,"name":"Eating Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Behavior?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="308908" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_study">Pilot study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="308908" type="text/json">{"id":308908,"name":"Pilot study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_study?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19961269]'), work: {"id":19961269,"title":"Finger Fruits: Pre-Sliced Fruit in Schools Increases Selection and Intake","created_at":"2016-01-02T06:17:05.966-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19961269/Finger_Fruits_Pre_Sliced_Fruit_in_Schools_Increases_Selection_and_Intake?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_19961269","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41249680,"asset_id":19961269,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40831754,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Just","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JustD","display_name":"David Just","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JustD?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28157,"name":"Environmental Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Change?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":132215,"name":"Eating Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Behavior?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":308908,"name":"Pilot study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_study?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21582692 coauthored" data-work_id="21582692" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21582692/Successful_Leadership_in_Three_High_Poverty_Urban_Elementary_Schools">Successful Leadership in Three High-Poverty Urban Elementary Schools</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21582692" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95b4fc16a4ebbd49aec3211656ad85ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42128494,"asset_id":21582692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42128494/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42711095" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenJacobson">Stephen Jacobson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42711095" type="text/json">{"id":42711095,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Jacobson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenJacobson","display_name":"Stephen Jacobson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenJacobson?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-21582692">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-21582692"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CorrieGiles">Corrie Giles</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://bc.academia.edu/LauriJohnson">Lauri Johnson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-21582692'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-21582692').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21582692 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21582692"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21582692, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21582692", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21582692 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21582692; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21582692"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21582692 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21582692"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21582692; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21582692]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21582692").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21582692").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21582692"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Achievement">Student Achievement</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="89287" type="text/json">{"id":89287,"name":"Student Achievement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Achievement?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study">Case Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96047" type="text/json">{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="275988" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Case_Study">Multiple Case Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="275988" type="text/json">{"id":275988,"name":"Multiple Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Case_Study?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21582692]'), work: {"id":21582692,"title":"Successful Leadership in Three High-Poverty Urban Elementary Schools","created_at":"2016-02-05T01:50:25.718-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21582692/Successful_Leadership_in_Three_High_Poverty_Urban_Elementary_Schools?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_21582692","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42128494,"asset_id":21582692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42711095,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Jacobson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenJacobson","display_name":"Stephen Jacobson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenJacobson?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":45327614,"first_name":"Corrie","last_name":"Giles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CorrieGiles","display_name":"Corrie Giles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CorrieGiles?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33332570,"first_name":"Lauri","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"bc","page_name":"LauriJohnson","display_name":"Lauri Johnson","profile_url":"https://bc.academia.edu/LauriJohnson?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33332570/9865761/10997226/s65_lauri.johnson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":89287,"name":"Student Achievement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Achievement?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":275988,"name":"Multiple Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Case_Study?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":475847,"name":"Student Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Performance?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1970560,"name":"New York State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_York_State?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71001071" data-work_id="71001071" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71001071/The_reading_achievement_of_economically_disadvantaged_children_in_urban_schools_using_open_court_vs_comparably_disadvantaged_children_in_urban_schools_using_non_scripted_reading_programs">The reading achievement of economically-disadvantaged children in urban schools using open court vs. comparably disadvantaged children in urban schools using non-scripted reading programs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study compares average SAT 9 reading scores of second through fifth grade English-only children in schools using Open Court with the scores of comparable schools using non-scripted programs in one very large urban school district.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71001071" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study compares average SAT 9 reading scores of second through fifth grade English-only children in schools using Open Court with the scores of comparable schools using non-scripted programs in one very large urban school district. Findings show that schools using Open Court are significantly more likely to be in the bottom quartile than comparable schools using non-scripted programs. In 1996 the reading / language arts teacher specialists on California’s Instructional Resources Evaluation Panel recommended that Open Court’s Collections for Young Scholars (1995), a program for teaching children to read, not be placed on the state’s textbook adoption list (Holland, 1996). Nevertheless, the California Board of Education overruled the Panel and placed it on the California textbook adoption list. By January 2000, Open Court, as it is commonly referred to, had grown from being used in one in every hundred to one in every eight elementary schools in California (Helfand, 2000). Since t...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71001071" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5c43408023737998f84a7445f913267" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80522370,"asset_id":71001071,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80522370/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64137836" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MargaretMoustafa">Margaret Moustafa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64137836" type="text/json">{"id":64137836,"first_name":"Margaret","last_name":"Moustafa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MargaretMoustafa","display_name":"Margaret Moustafa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MargaretMoustafa?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64137836/117310447/106612117/s65_margaret.moustafa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71001071 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71001071"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71001071, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71001071", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71001071 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71001071; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71001071"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71001071 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71001071"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71001071; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71001071]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71001071").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71001071").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71001071"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24837" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peer_Review">Peer Review</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24837" type="text/json">{"id":24837,"name":"Peer Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peer_Review?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="466041" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Share">Market Share</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="466041" type="text/json">{"id":466041,"name":"Market Share","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Share?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71001071]'), work: {"id":71001071,"title":"The reading achievement of economically-disadvantaged children in urban schools using open court vs. comparably disadvantaged children in urban schools using non-scripted reading programs","created_at":"2022-02-09T03:51:30.924-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71001071/The_reading_achievement_of_economically_disadvantaged_children_in_urban_schools_using_open_court_vs_comparably_disadvantaged_children_in_urban_schools_using_non_scripted_reading_programs?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_71001071","summary":"This study compares average SAT 9 reading scores of second through fifth grade English-only children in schools using Open Court with the scores of comparable schools using non-scripted programs in one very large urban school district. Findings show that schools using Open Court are significantly more likely to be in the bottom quartile than comparable schools using non-scripted programs. In 1996 the reading / language arts teacher specialists on California’s Instructional Resources Evaluation Panel recommended that Open Court’s Collections for Young Scholars (1995), a program for teaching children to read, not be placed on the state’s textbook adoption list (Holland, 1996). Nevertheless, the California Board of Education overruled the Panel and placed it on the California textbook adoption list. By January 2000, Open Court, as it is commonly referred to, had grown from being used in one in every hundred to one in every eight elementary schools in California (Helfand, 2000). Since t...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80522370,"asset_id":71001071,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64137836,"first_name":"Margaret","last_name":"Moustafa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MargaretMoustafa","display_name":"Margaret Moustafa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MargaretMoustafa?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64137836/117310447/106612117/s65_margaret.moustafa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":24837,"name":"Peer Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peer_Review?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":466041,"name":"Market Share","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_Share?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43318835 coauthored" data-work_id="43318835" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43318835/Discovering_Everyday_Mathematical_Situations_Outside_the_Classroom_with_MathCityMap_and_GeoGebra_3D">Discovering Everyday Mathematical Situations Outside the Classroom with MathCityMap and GeoGebra 3D</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In elementary school, teaching and learning activities aim to develop, among others, students skills to acquire deeper understanding of their living environments. There are numerous opportunities for students to recognize forms, shapes,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43318835" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In elementary school, teaching and learning activities aim to develop, among others, students skills to acquire deeper understanding of their living environments. There are numerous opportunities for students to recognize forms, shapes, and mathematical connections in everyday situations. These everyday situations can be simulated in classrooms; however, educational technologies offer new approaches to extend classroom activities, teachers can simulate and design shapes through Augmented Reality and 3D printing within or beyond the classroom. To stimulate students everyday mathematical connections utilizing these technologies could assist in developing activities outside the classroom in urban or in natural environments. Through this approach students could utilize or enhance their mathematical and technical skills within their usual living environments. Utilising educational software such as MathCityMap, GeoGebra 3D Calculator, and other 3D modelling software we developed examples of tasks that could offer easy transitions from into outside of classrooms. In this paper, we will describe learning and teaching aims of these tasks and outline further research and development directions to broaden opportunities to develop students mathematical, design and modelling skills.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43318835" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c59c46f9ce7e9501eb41abd3f09cca36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67596163,"asset_id":43318835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67596163/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="160855671" href="https://uni-lu.academia.edu/YvesKreis">Yves Kreis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="160855671" type="text/json">{"id":160855671,"first_name":"Yves","last_name":"Kreis","domain_name":"uni-lu","page_name":"YvesKreis","display_name":"Yves Kreis","profile_url":"https://uni-lu.academia.edu/YvesKreis?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/502f98831ceedeefb7259d3d7ed933cc?s=65"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43318835">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43318835"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://jku.academia.edu/BenHaas">Ben Haas</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43318835'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43318835').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43318835 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43318835"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43318835; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43318835]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43318835").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43318835").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43318835"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1003" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology">Educational Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1003" type="text/json">{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54418" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry">Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54418" type="text/json">{"id":54418,"name":"Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Thinking">Mathematical Thinking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55490" type="text/json">{"id":55490,"name":"Mathematical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Thinking?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43318835]'), work: {"id":43318835,"title":"Discovering Everyday Mathematical Situations Outside the Classroom with MathCityMap and GeoGebra 3D","created_at":"2020-06-11T13:08:54.513-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43318835/Discovering_Everyday_Mathematical_Situations_Outside_the_Classroom_with_MathCityMap_and_GeoGebra_3D?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_43318835","summary":"In elementary school, teaching and learning activities aim to develop, among others, students skills to acquire deeper understanding of their living environments. There are numerous opportunities for students to recognize forms, shapes, and mathematical connections in everyday situations. These everyday situations can be simulated in classrooms; however, educational technologies offer new approaches to extend classroom activities, teachers can simulate and design shapes through Augmented Reality and 3D printing within or beyond the classroom. To stimulate students everyday mathematical connections utilizing these technologies could assist in developing activities outside the classroom in urban or in natural environments. Through this approach students could utilize or enhance their mathematical and technical skills within their usual living environments. Utilising educational software such as MathCityMap, GeoGebra 3D Calculator, and other 3D modelling software we developed examples of tasks that could offer easy transitions from into outside of classrooms. In this paper, we will describe learning and teaching aims of these tasks and outline further research and development directions to broaden opportunities to develop students mathematical, design and modelling skills.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67596163,"asset_id":43318835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":160855671,"first_name":"Yves","last_name":"Kreis","domain_name":"uni-lu","page_name":"YvesKreis","display_name":"Yves Kreis","profile_url":"https://uni-lu.academia.edu/YvesKreis?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/502f98831ceedeefb7259d3d7ed933cc?s=65"},{"id":215359255,"first_name":"Ben","last_name":"Haas","domain_name":"jku","page_name":"BenHaas","display_name":"Ben Haas","profile_url":"https://jku.academia.edu/BenHaas?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215359255/73930864/94701828/s65_ben.haas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":54418,"name":"Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":55490,"name":"Mathematical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Thinking?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":245381,"name":"Trail","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trail?f_ri=112879"},{"id":479500,"name":"Outside","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outside?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37478848 coauthored" data-work_id="37478848" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37478848/Manual_Bi%C3%A1rea_5_Ciencias_Naturales_">Manual Biárea 5 (Ciencias Naturales)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Capítulos de Ciencias Naturales del “Proyecto Construir el futuro”: Manual Biárea SM 5 (Matemática y Ciencias Naturales) para el quinto año de la Educación Primaria. EL TEXTO AÚN NO ESTÁ HABILITADO PARA SER DESCARGADO.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37478848" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2467f13f3e8b6b415f368d42723e7ded" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57447955,"asset_id":37478848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57447955/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24025412" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HoracioTignanelli">Horacio Tignanelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24025412" type="text/json">{"id":24025412,"first_name":"Horacio","last_name":"Tignanelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HoracioTignanelli","display_name":"Horacio Tignanelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HoracioTignanelli?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24025412/9923669/35267768/s65_horacio.tignanelli.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37478848">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37478848"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unrn.academia.edu/NoraBahamonde">Nora Bahamonde</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37478848'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37478848').html(); 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EL TEXTO AÚN NO ESTÁ HABILITADO PARA SER DESCARGADO.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57447955,"asset_id":37478848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24025412,"first_name":"Horacio","last_name":"Tignanelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HoracioTignanelli","display_name":"Horacio Tignanelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HoracioTignanelli?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24025412/9923669/35267768/s65_horacio.tignanelli.jpg"},{"id":52057464,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Bahamonde","domain_name":"unrn","page_name":"NoraBahamonde","display_name":"Nora Bahamonde","profile_url":"https://unrn.academia.edu/NoraBahamonde?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25509,"name":"Elementary Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_Science_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1082176/Preservice_elementary_teachers_voices_describe_how_their_teacher_motivated_them_to_do_mathematics">Preservice elementary teachers' voices describe how their teacher motivated them to do mathematics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1082176" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="738d293f42ff020ac4794784b9930112" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51111617,"asset_id":1082176,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51111617/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="933628" href="https://miamioh.academia.edu/BeatrizDAmbrosio">Beatriz D'Ambrosio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="933628" type="text/json">{"id":933628,"first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"D'Ambrosio","domain_name":"miamioh","page_name":"BeatrizDAmbrosio","display_name":"Beatriz D'Ambrosio","profile_url":"https://miamioh.academia.edu/BeatrizDAmbrosio?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/933628/2882645/3367647/s65_beatriz.d_ambrosio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1082176 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1082176"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1082176, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1082176", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1082176 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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});</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1082176").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1082176"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2731" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education">Mathematics Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2731" type="text/json">{"id":2731,"name":"Mathematics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50581" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy">Self Efficacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50581" type="text/json">{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85784" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_work">Group work</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85784" type="text/json">{"id":85784,"name":"Group work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_work?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1082176]'), work: {"id":1082176,"title":"Preservice elementary teachers' voices describe how their teacher motivated them to do mathematics","created_at":"2011-11-11T02:40:50.307-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1082176/Preservice_elementary_teachers_voices_describe_how_their_teacher_motivated_them_to_do_mathematics?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_1082176","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51111617,"asset_id":1082176,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":933628,"first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"D'Ambrosio","domain_name":"miamioh","page_name":"BeatrizDAmbrosio","display_name":"Beatriz D'Ambrosio","profile_url":"https://miamioh.academia.edu/BeatrizDAmbrosio?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/933628/2882645/3367647/s65_beatriz.d_ambrosio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2731,"name":"Mathematics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":85784,"name":"Group work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_work?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":149995,"name":"Preservice Teachers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preservice_Teachers?f_ri=112879"},{"id":172264,"name":"Educational studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_studies?f_ri=112879"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9057624" data-work_id="9057624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9057624/Professional_development_in_inquiry_based_science_for_elementary_teachers_of_diverse_student_groups">Professional development in inquiry-based science for elementary teachers of diverse student groups</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As part of a larger project aimed at promoting science and literacy for culturally and linguistically diverse elementary students, this study has two objectives: (a) to describe teachers' initial beliefs and practices about inquiry-based... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9057624" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As part of a larger project aimed at promoting science and literacy for culturally and linguistically diverse elementary students, this study has two objectives: (a) to describe teachers' initial beliefs and practices about inquiry-based science and (b) to examine the impact of the professional development intervention (primarily through instructional units and teacher workshops) on teachers' beliefs and practices related to inquiry-based science. The research involved 53 third- and fourth-grade teachers at six elementary schools in a large urban school district. At the end of the school year, teachers reported enhanced knowledge of science content and stronger beliefs about the importance of science instruction with diverse student groups, although their actual practices did not change significantly. Based on the results of this first year of implementation as part of a 3-year longitudinal design, implications for professional development and further research are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 1021–1043, 2004</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9057624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4029fb5bb06ffc9ea778b9afd90ff132" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47900865,"asset_id":9057624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47900865/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20491920" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeggyCuevas">Peggy Cuevas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20491920" type="text/json">{"id":20491920,"first_name":"Peggy","last_name":"Cuevas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeggyCuevas","display_name":"Peggy Cuevas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeggyCuevas?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9057624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9057624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9057624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9057624", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9057624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9057624").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9057624").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9057624"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6779" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science">Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6779" type="text/json">{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17769" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development">Professional Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17769" type="text/json">{"id":17769,"name":"Professional Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89488" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods">Teaching Methods</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="89488" type="text/json">{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="90333" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SCIENCE_TEACHING">SCIENCE TEACHING</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="90333" type="text/json">{"id":90333,"name":"SCIENCE TEACHING","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SCIENCE_TEACHING?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9057624]'), work: {"id":9057624,"title":"Professional development in inquiry-based science for elementary teachers of diverse student groups","created_at":"2014-10-31T21:20:15.717-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9057624/Professional_development_in_inquiry_based_science_for_elementary_teachers_of_diverse_student_groups?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_9057624","summary":"As part of a larger project aimed at promoting science and literacy for culturally and linguistically diverse elementary students, this study has two objectives: (a) to describe teachers' initial beliefs and practices about inquiry-based science and (b) to examine the impact of the professional development intervention (primarily through instructional units and teacher workshops) on teachers' beliefs and practices related to inquiry-based science. The research involved 53 third- and fourth-grade teachers at six elementary schools in a large urban school district. At the end of the school year, teachers reported enhanced knowledge of science content and stronger beliefs about the importance of science instruction with diverse student groups, although their actual practices did not change significantly. Based on the results of this first year of implementation as part of a 3-year longitudinal design, implications for professional development and further research are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 1021–1043, 2004","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47900865,"asset_id":9057624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20491920,"first_name":"Peggy","last_name":"Cuevas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeggyCuevas","display_name":"Peggy Cuevas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeggyCuevas?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":17769,"name":"Professional Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":90333,"name":"SCIENCE TEACHING","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SCIENCE_TEACHING?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":108636,"name":"Inquiry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inquiry?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":442734,"name":"First Year","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Year?f_ri=112879"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11851737" data-work_id="11851737" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11851737/Evaluating_Conservation_Education_Programs_at_a_South_American_Zoo">Evaluating Conservation Education Programs at a South American Zoo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11851737" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f952fe122d5b591d6c683c763617701e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39838385,"asset_id":11851737,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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Jacobson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanJacobson?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11851737 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11851737"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11851737, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11851737", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11851737 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11851737; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11851737"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11851737 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11851737"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11851737; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11851737]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11851737").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11851737").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visitor_studies">Visitor studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2626" type="text/json">{"id":2626,"name":"Visitor studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visitor_studies?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History">Natural History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9588" type="text/json">{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11851737]'), work: {"id":11851737,"title":"Evaluating Conservation Education Programs at a South American 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studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visitor_studies?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":22413,"name":"Wildlife Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wildlife_Conservation?f_ri=112879"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=112879"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=112879"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":475754,"name":"Multiple Choice Questions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Choice_Questions?f_ri=112879"},{"id":613398,"name":"Design Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_Evaluation?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1894289,"name":"Primary School Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_School_Children?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21183116" data-work_id="21183116" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21183116/The_Teaching_of_Spanish_as_a_Second_Language_in_an_Indigenous_Bilingual_Intercultural_Curriculum">The Teaching of Spanish as a Second Language in an Indigenous Bilingual Intercultural Curriculum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24325372" href="https://uam-mx.academia.edu/RainerEnriqueHamel">Rainer Enrique Hamel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24325372" type="text/json">{"id":24325372,"first_name":"Rainer Enrique","last_name":"Hamel","domain_name":"uam-mx","page_name":"RainerEnriqueHamel","display_name":"Rainer Enrique Hamel","profile_url":"https://uam-mx.academia.edu/RainerEnriqueHamel?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21183116 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21183116"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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data-card-contents-for-ri="1238" type="text/json">{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1752" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_Design">Curriculum Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1752" type="text/json">{"id":1752,"name":"Curriculum Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_Design?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics">Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15674" type="text/json">{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36556" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_Education">Elementary Education</a><script 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Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=112879"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=112879"},{"id":3005392,"name":"Eye Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Diseases?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63466279" data-work_id="63466279" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63466279/Computational_Thinking_in_Elementary_School_in_the_Age_of_Artificial_Intelligence_Where_is_the_Teacher">Computational Thinking in Elementary School in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Where is the Teacher</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The term computational thinking offers a new approach in the field of cognitive science, through the premise of systematizing the steps of problem solving that it can be applied in Artificial Intelligence and to other sciences.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63466279" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The term computational thinking offers a new approach in the field of cognitive science, through the premise of systematizing the steps of problem solving that it can be applied in Artificial Intelligence and to other sciences. Objectives: Offer to participants a continuous training in the context of computational thinking and evaluate the impact of understanding these teachers about their respective concepts and practices. Design: Of a qualitative nature, involving specific dynamics of action-research, the design of the teaching experience involves the elaboration of tasks, used as a teaching hypothesis, subject to reassessments and readjustments. Settings and participants: In remote context, through the Teams platform, with eleven primary and higher schoolteachers from Brazil, Portugal, Cape Verde and Angola. Data collection and Analysis: Data obtained through the recordings of the meetings and the proposals of the participants, analyzed according to the four phases of the reflexive spiral and the expansive cycle. Results: The contributions and involvement of the teachers were significant, and some proposals of activities conceived, two of them presented in this article. Conclusions: With the partial results obtained it is expected that the insertion of computational thinking in basic education develops skills of different abstraction, which helps children in solving problems in all areas of life, not only in the use of computers or for future computer scientists. The participants' proposals will be published and made available online, to contribute to teacher training in the context of computational thinking.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63466279" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="621d848557a13774693e9715f916d751" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75888389,"asset_id":63466279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75888389/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1160947" href="https://pucsp.academia.edu/CelinaAbar">Celina Abar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1160947" type="text/json">{"id":1160947,"first_name":"Celina","last_name":"Abar","domain_name":"pucsp","page_name":"CelinaAbar","display_name":"Celina Abar","profile_url":"https://pucsp.academia.edu/CelinaAbar?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1160947/410703/503757/s65_celina.abar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63466279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63466279"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63466279, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63466279", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63466279]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63466279").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63466279").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63466279"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="465" type="text/json">{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Thinking">Computational Thinking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35446" type="text/json">{"id":35446,"name":"Computational Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Thinking?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School">Elementary School</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112879" type="text/json">{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2066362" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuing_Teacher_Education">Continuing Teacher Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2066362" type="text/json">{"id":2066362,"name":"Continuing Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuing_Teacher_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63466279]'), work: {"id":63466279,"title":"Computational Thinking in Elementary School in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Where is the Teacher","created_at":"2021-12-07T09:59:01.464-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63466279/Computational_Thinking_in_Elementary_School_in_the_Age_of_Artificial_Intelligence_Where_is_the_Teacher?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_63466279","summary":"The term computational thinking offers a new approach in the field of cognitive science, through the premise of systematizing the steps of problem solving that it can be applied in Artificial Intelligence and to other sciences. Objectives: Offer to participants a continuous training in the context of computational thinking and evaluate the impact of understanding these teachers about their respective concepts and practices. Design: Of a qualitative nature, involving specific dynamics of action-research, the design of the teaching experience involves the elaboration of tasks, used as a teaching hypothesis, subject to reassessments and readjustments. Settings and participants: In remote context, through the Teams platform, with eleven primary and higher schoolteachers from Brazil, Portugal, Cape Verde and Angola. Data collection and Analysis: Data obtained through the recordings of the meetings and the proposals of the participants, analyzed according to the four phases of the reflexive spiral and the expansive cycle. Results: The contributions and involvement of the teachers were significant, and some proposals of activities conceived, two of them presented in this article. Conclusions: With the partial results obtained it is expected that the insertion of computational thinking in basic education develops skills of different abstraction, which helps children in solving problems in all areas of life, not only in the use of computers or for future computer scientists. The participants' proposals will be published and made available online, to contribute to teacher training in the context of computational thinking.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75888389,"asset_id":63466279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1160947,"first_name":"Celina","last_name":"Abar","domain_name":"pucsp","page_name":"CelinaAbar","display_name":"Celina Abar","profile_url":"https://pucsp.academia.edu/CelinaAbar?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1160947/410703/503757/s65_celina.abar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":35446,"name":"Computational Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Thinking?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":2066362,"name":"Continuing Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuing_Teacher_Education?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51810037" data-work_id="51810037" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51810037/Geometry_anxiety_scale_for_secondary_school_students">Geometry anxiety scale for secondary school students</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Geometry is taught as a subject-matter in mathematics courses at elementary school level, and as an independent course at secondary school level in Turkish education system. When the success levels of students regarding these two subjects... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51810037" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Geometry is taught as a subject-matter in mathematics courses at elementary school level, and as an independent course at secondary school level in Turkish education system. When the success levels of students regarding these two subjects are examined, it can be seen that there are differences. Anxiety is an important variant on success in mathematics. But whereas geometry is considered as a different field from mathematics by the students, mathematics anxiety cannot cover geometry anxiety completely and that geometry anxiety can be observed separately from mathematics anxiety. Thus the aim of this study is to develop a scale for secondary school level students in order to determine their anxiety towards geometry.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51810037" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6d3b4f8008274e87a7d6380a40cb713" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69367560,"asset_id":51810037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69367560/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34460920" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AysunUmay">Aysun Umay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34460920" type="text/json">{"id":34460920,"first_name":"Aysun","last_name":"Umay","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AysunUmay","display_name":"Aysun Umay","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AysunUmay?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51810037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51810037"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51810037, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51810037", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51810037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51810037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51810037"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51810037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51810037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51810037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51810037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51810037").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51810037").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51810037"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1314" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders">Anxiety Disorders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1314" type="text/json">{"id":1314,"name":"Anxiety Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4274" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Geometry">Teaching Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4274" type="text/json">{"id":4274,"name":"Teaching Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Geometry?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54418" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry">Geometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54418" type="text/json">{"id":54418,"name":"Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72800" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_anxiety">Mathematics anxiety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="72800" type="text/json">{"id":72800,"name":"Mathematics anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_anxiety?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51810037]'), work: {"id":51810037,"title":"Geometry anxiety scale for secondary school students","created_at":"2021-09-10T23:57:53.317-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51810037/Geometry_anxiety_scale_for_secondary_school_students?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_51810037","summary":"Geometry is taught as a subject-matter in mathematics courses at elementary school level, and as an independent course at secondary school level in Turkish education system. When the success levels of students regarding these two subjects are examined, it can be seen that there are differences. Anxiety is an important variant on success in mathematics. But whereas geometry is considered as a different field from mathematics by the students, mathematics anxiety cannot cover geometry anxiety completely and that geometry anxiety can be observed separately from mathematics anxiety. Thus the aim of this study is to develop a scale for secondary school level students in order to determine their anxiety towards geometry.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69367560,"asset_id":51810037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34460920,"first_name":"Aysun","last_name":"Umay","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AysunUmay","display_name":"Aysun Umay","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AysunUmay?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1314,"name":"Anxiety Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Disorders?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":4274,"name":"Teaching Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Geometry?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":54418,"name":"Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":72800,"name":"Mathematics anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_anxiety?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elementary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":206921,"name":"Geometry anxiety scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geometry_anxiety_scale?f_ri=112879"},{"id":319000,"name":"Education System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_System?f_ri=112879"},{"id":423532,"name":"Secondary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secondary_School?f_ri=112879"},{"id":489650,"name":"Secondary School Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secondary_School_Students?f_ri=112879"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9609414" data-work_id="9609414" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9609414/Voluntary_dehydration_among_elementary_school_children_residing_in_a_hot_arid_environment">Voluntary dehydration among elementary school children residing in a hot arid environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Voluntary dehydration is a condition where humans do not drink appropriately in the presence of an adequate fluid supply. This may adversely affect their physical and intellectual performance. The present study aimed to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9609414" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Voluntary dehydration is a condition where humans do not drink appropriately in the presence of an adequate fluid supply. This may adversely affect their physical and intellectual performance. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of voluntary dehydration among elementary school children of different ethnicities and countries of birth.Methods: Four hundred and twenty-nine elementary school children, aged 8–10 years, from four subpopulations (Israeli-born Jewish and Bedouin-Arab children, and immigrant children who recently arrived to Israel from Eastern Europe and from Ethiopia) were studied. The level of dehydration was determined by noontime urine osmolality, from samples taken over 1 week in mid-summer. Urine osmolality <500 mOsmol kg−1 H2O was considered to be an appropriate level of hydration.Results: Mean urine osmolality was 862 ± 211 mOsmol kg−1 H2O. Osmolality above 800 mOsmol kg−1 H2O was detected in 67.5% of the urine samples; among these, 25% were above 1000 mOsmol kg−1 H2O. The most dehydrated group was that of Israeli-born Jewish children, whereas the Bedouin-Arab children were the least dehydrated.Conclusions: A high proportion of children who reside in a hot and arid environment were found to be in a state of moderate to severe dehydration. Bedouin ethnicity was associated with better hydration, whereas Israeli-born Jews were most severely dehydrated. Educational intervention programmes promoting water intake should start in early childhood and continue throughout life.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9609414" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4eccacac2107cffaddae5c435720cbb0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47706591,"asset_id":9609414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47706591/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22827179" href="https://independent.academia.edu/dinalandau">dina landau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22827179" type="text/json">{"id":22827179,"first_name":"dina","last_name":"landau","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"dinalandau","display_name":"dina landau","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/dinalandau?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9609414 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9609414"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9609414, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9609414", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9609414]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9609414").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9609414").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9609414"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics">Nutrition and Dietetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="591" type="text/json">{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel">Israel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34642" type="text/json">{"id":34642,"name":"Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human">Human</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41720" type="text/json">{"id":41720,"name":"Human","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9609414]'), work: {"id":9609414,"title":"Voluntary dehydration among elementary school children residing in a hot arid environment","created_at":"2014-12-03T11:30:14.465-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9609414/Voluntary_dehydration_among_elementary_school_children_residing_in_a_hot_arid_environment?f_ri=112879","dom_id":"work_9609414","summary":"Background: Voluntary dehydration is a condition where humans do not drink appropriately in the presence of an adequate fluid supply. This may adversely affect their physical and intellectual performance. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of voluntary dehydration among elementary school children of different ethnicities and countries of birth.Methods: Four hundred and twenty-nine elementary school children, aged 8–10 years, from four subpopulations (Israeli-born Jewish and Bedouin-Arab children, and immigrant children who recently arrived to Israel from Eastern Europe and from Ethiopia) were studied. The level of dehydration was determined by noontime urine osmolality, from samples taken over 1 week in mid-summer. Urine osmolality \u003c500 mOsmol kg−1 H2O was considered to be an appropriate level of hydration.Results: Mean urine osmolality was 862 ± 211 mOsmol kg−1 H2O. Osmolality above 800 mOsmol kg−1 H2O was detected in 67.5% of the urine samples; among these, 25% were above 1000 mOsmol kg−1 H2O. The most dehydrated group was that of Israeli-born Jewish children, whereas the Bedouin-Arab children were the least dehydrated.Conclusions: A high proportion of children who reside in a hot and arid environment were found to be in a state of moderate to severe dehydration. Bedouin ethnicity was associated with better hydration, whereas Israeli-born Jews were most severely dehydrated. Educational intervention programmes promoting water intake should start in early childhood and continue throughout life.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47706591,"asset_id":9609414,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22827179,"first_name":"dina","last_name":"landau","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"dinalandau","display_name":"dina landau","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/dinalandau?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27346561 coauthored" data-work_id="27346561" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27346561/Intimate_culture_of_families_in_the_early_socialization_of_literacy">Intimate culture of families in the early socialization of literacy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27346561" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/HemalathaGanapathyColeman">Hema Ganapathy-Coleman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3598352" type="text/json">{"id":3598352,"first_name":"Hema","last_name":"Ganapathy-Coleman","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"HemalathaGanapathyColeman","display_name":"Hema Ganapathy-Coleman","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/HemalathaGanapathyColeman?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3598352/1254608/114264990/s65_hema.ganapathy-coleman.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27346561">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27346561"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanSonnenschein">Susan Sonnenschein</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: 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data-has-card-for-ri="4715" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction">Social Interaction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4715" type="text/json">{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6574" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family">Family</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6574" type="text/json">{"id":6574,"name":"Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family?f_ri=112879","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27346561]'), work: {"id":27346561,"title":"Intimate culture of families in the early socialization of 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Doble</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over 30 colorful photographs of snowflakes, taken through a microscope, are included in this show -- work that has been used in a variety of schools for about 15 years. This PowerPoint show also explains how the black and white... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9573960" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over 30 colorful photographs of snowflakes, taken through a microscope, are included in this show -- work that has been used in a variety of schools for about 15 years. This PowerPoint show also explains how the black and white microphotographs of snow crystals by W.A. "Snowflake" Bentley in 1885 were converted to colored images. Using a technique similar to staining, Rick Doble colored the original Bentley images (in the public domain) to bring out the structure of the crystals. Doble explains his process in this presentation along with a lavish display of his colored snowflakes. These colored photographs have been widely used in elementary schools and also at the college level. They have also been featured in libraries and in the national media. Documentation about these mentions are included at the end of this presentation. Permission is given to educators and non-profit organizations to use these images, as long as the artist is credited.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9573960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="41f004c614de98a4dc781ccae9a49c45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35788263,"asset_id":9573960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35788263/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4134558" href="https://unc.academia.edu/RickDoble">Rick Doble</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4134558" type="text/json">{"id":4134558,"first_name":"Rick","last_name":"Doble","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"RickDoble","display_name":"Rick Doble","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/RickDoble?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4134558/1605082/1939252/s65_rick.doble.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9573960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9573960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9573960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9573960", }); 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class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79516265" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f179785d16d68577bbea09d121ceee5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86204829,"asset_id":79516265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86204829/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24597939/The_Kahnawake_Schools_Diabetes_Prevention_Project_Intervention_Evaluation_and_Baseline_Results_of_a_Diabetes_Primary_Prevention_Program_with_a_Native_Community_in_Canada">The Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project: Intervention, Evaluation, and Baseline Results of a Diabetes Primary Prevention Program with a Native Community in Canada</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24597939" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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(2010)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61722297" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5f2df846b9a3f2ded4644276205f06f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74687789,"asset_id":61722297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74687789/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39003856" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanLevine2">Susan Levine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39003856" type="text/json">{"id":39003856,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Levine","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanLevine2","display_name":"Susan Levine","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanLevine2?f_ri=112879","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61722297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61722297"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61722297, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61722297", }); 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This study uses action research methods that use the model design of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45156864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study describes the home visit program in minimizing the total of children stay in class and dropout at Elementary School, Semarang City. This study uses action research methods that use the model design of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart whose devices consist of planning, action, observation, and reflection.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45156864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d52210d6cab7e974869ccae317fda2d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65733496,"asset_id":45156864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65733496/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0Nzk4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="182291209" href="https://independent.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofSocialLearning">International Journal of Social Learning</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="182291209" type="text/json">{"id":182291209,"first_name":"International Journal of","last_name":"Social Learning","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"InternationalJournalofSocialLearning","display_name":"International Journal of Social Learning","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofSocialLearning?f_ri=112879","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/182291209/51488845/39563736/s65_international_journal_of.social_learning.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45156864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45156864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45156864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45156864", }); 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