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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" 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class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-命名、詞源及別稱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名、詞源及別稱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>命名、詞源及別稱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名、詞源及別稱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>地域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>相關研究</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相關研究-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关相關研究子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相關研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-南北朝至宋代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南北朝至宋代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>南北朝至宋代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南北朝至宋代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-明代以后" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#明代以后"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>明代以后</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-明代以后-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-形成要素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形成要素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>形成要素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形成要素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-共同文化特徵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#共同文化特徵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>共同文化特徵</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-共同文化特徵-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关共同文化特徵子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-共同文化特徵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-曆法與歲時民俗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#曆法與歲時民俗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>曆法與歲時民俗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-曆法與歲時民俗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-禮儀文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#禮儀文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>禮儀文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-禮儀文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-服飾" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#服飾"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>服飾</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-服飾-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-成人禮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成人禮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>成人禮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成人禮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-婚禮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#婚禮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>婚禮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-婚禮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-喪禮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#喪禮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>喪禮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-喪禮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-祭禮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#祭禮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.5</span> <span>祭禮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-祭禮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治意識" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治意識"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>政治意識</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治意識-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字與文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字與文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>文字與文學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字與文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工艺技术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工艺技术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>工艺技术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工艺技术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生活文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生活文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>生活文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生活文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-秦漢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#秦漢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>秦漢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-秦漢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-魏晉南北朝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#魏晉南北朝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>魏晉南北朝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-魏晉南北朝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-隋唐、五代十國、宋遼金夏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#隋唐、五代十國、宋遼金夏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>隋唐、五代十國、宋遼金夏</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-隋唐、五代十國、宋遼金夏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元明清" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元明清"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>元明清</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元明清-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化交流紀實" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化交流紀實"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>文化交流紀實</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化交流紀實-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>近代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地區政權" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地區政權"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>各地區政權</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地區政權-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地區政權子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地區政權-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-大中华" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大中华"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>大中华</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大中华-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中国大陆與港澳地區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国大陆與港澳地區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>中国大陆與港澳地區</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中国大陆與港澳地區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臺灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>臺灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-本土四岛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#本土四岛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>本土四岛</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-本土四岛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-琉球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#琉球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>琉球</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-琉球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-朝鲜半岛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鲜半岛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>朝鲜半岛</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鲜半岛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-越南" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#越南"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>越南</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-越南-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">漢字文化圈</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。42种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="المجال الثقافي لشرق آسيا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المجال الثقافي لشرق آسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="চীনা ভাৱচিত্ৰ সংস্কৃতি বৃত্ত – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চীনা ভাৱচিত্ৰ সংস্কৃতি বৃত্ত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoesfera" title="Sinoesfera – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sinoesfera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡытай цивилизацияһы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай цивилизацияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кітайскі свет – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітайскі свет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="পূর্ব এশীয় সাংস্কৃতিক ক্ষেত্র – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পূর্ব এশীয় সাংস্কৃতিক ক্ষেত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B" title="རྒྱ་ཡིག་རིག་གནས་མུ་ཁྱུད་ – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་ཡིག་རིག་གནས་མུ་ཁྱུད་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-c%C3%AA_%C3%99ng-hu%C3%A1-ku%C5%8Fng" title="Háng-cê Ùng-huá-kuŏng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-cê Ùng-huá-kuŏng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosph%C3%A4re" title="Sinosphäre – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sinosphäre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sinosphere" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoesfera" title="Sinoesfera – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sinoesfera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="حوزه فرهنگی شرق آسیا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حوزه فرهنگی شرق آسیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sph%C3%A8re_culturelle_chinoise" title="Sphère culturelle chinoise – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sphère culturelle chinoise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-s%E1%B9%B3_V%C3%B9n-fa-khi%C3%AAn" title="Hon-sṳ Vùn-fa-khiên – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-sṳ Vùn-fa-khiên" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="चीन की सभ्यता – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीन की सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkungan_kebudayaan_Asia_Timur" title="Lingkungan kebudayaan Asia Timur – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lingkungan kebudayaan Asia Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosfera" title="Sinosfera – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sinosfera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F" title="漢字文化圏 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="漢字文化圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="រង្វង់វប្បធម៌តួអក្សរចិន – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រង្វង់វប្បធម៌តួអក្សរចិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C" title="한자 문화권 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한자 문화권" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ວົງການວັດທະນະທໍາລັກສະນະຈີນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວົງການວັດທະນະທໍາລັກສະນະຈີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosfera" title="Sinosfera – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sinosfera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkungan_kebudayaan_Asia_Timur" title="Lingkungan kebudayaan Asia Timur – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lingkungan kebudayaan Asia Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE_%E1%80%9A%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အရှေ့အာရှ ယဉ်ကျေးမှုစက်ဝန်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရှေ့အာရှ ယဉ်ကျေးမှုစက်ဝန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosfeer" title="Sinosfeer – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sinosfeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosf%C3%A6ren" title="Sinosfæren – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sinosfæren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond_chin%C3%A9s" title="Mond chinés – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mond chinés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera_cultural_da_%C3%81sia_Oriental" title="Esfera cultural da Ásia Oriental – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esfera cultural da Ásia Oriental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Восточно-азиатская культурная сфера – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восточно-азиатская культурная сфера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="චීන චරිත සංස්කෘතික කවය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීන චරිත සංස්කෘතික කවය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" title="East Asian cultural sphere – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="East Asian cultural sphere" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosf%C3%A4ren" title="Sinosfären – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sinosfären" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="เขตวัฒนธรรมเอเชียตะวันออก – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตวัฒนธรรมเอเชียตะวันออก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabihasnang_Tsina" title="Kabihasnang Tsina – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kabihasnang Tsina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinosfer" title="Sinosfer – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sinosfer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Китайський світ – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайський світ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_%C3%81_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Vùng văn hóa Á Đông – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng văn hóa Á Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="汉字文化圈 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉字文化圈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieg_Vwnzva_Sawgun" title="Dieg Vwnzva Sawgun – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dieg Vwnzva Sawgun" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-j%C4%AB_B%C3%BBn-h%C3%B2a-khoan" title="Hàn-jī Bûn-hòa-khoan – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-jī Bûn-hòa-khoan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="Talk:漢字文化圈">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年9月7日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%22">"漢字文化圈"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Overlinked plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>含有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LINKSTYLE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LINKSTYLE">過多、重複或不必要的</a>内部链接。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2016年4月3日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請根据<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LINK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LINK">格式指引</a>，移除重复、標題链接以及任何与内容无关的链接。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align:left; font-size:small; line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;"><b>漢字文化圈</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere_wider_influence.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere_wider_influence.svg/220px-East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere_wider_influence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere_wider_influence.svg/330px-East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere_wider_influence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere_wider_influence.svg/440px-East_Asian_Cultural_Sphere_wider_influence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: small;">歷史上受漢字文化圈影響的國家和地區<br />（<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#000030; color:white;"> </span> </span>：普遍被视为属于该文化圈的国家<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#0066fe; color:white;"> </span> </span>：曾受漢字文化圈国家影响的地区）</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%EF%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88_%C2%B7_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C_%C2%B7_V%C3%B2ng_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n_%C2%B7_%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%EF%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88_%C2%B7_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C_%C2%B7_V%C3%B2ng_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n_%C2%B7_%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F.svg/220px-%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%EF%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88_%C2%B7_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C_%C2%B7_V%C3%B2ng_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n_%C2%B7_%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%EF%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88_%C2%B7_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C_%C2%B7_V%C3%B2ng_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n_%C2%B7_%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F.svg/330px-%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%EF%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88_%C2%B7_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C_%C2%B7_V%C3%B2ng_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n_%C2%B7_%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%EF%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88_%C2%B7_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C_%C2%B7_V%C3%B2ng_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n_%C2%B7_%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F.svg/440px-%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%EF%BC%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88_%C2%B7_%ED%95%9C%EC%9E%90_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B6%8C_%C2%B7_V%C3%B2ng_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n_%C2%B7_%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="771" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: small;">「汉字文化圈」的概念在汉字文化圈内各主要语言中的表达</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">汉语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="繁体字">繁体字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><span lang="zh-hant"> 漢字文化圈 </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="简化字">简化字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><span lang="zh-hans"> 汉字文化圈 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">東亞文化圈</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="繁体字">繁体字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><span lang="zh-hant"> 東亞文化圈 </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="简化字">简化字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><span lang="zh-hans"> 东亚文化圈 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a><br />（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a>）</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音">汉语拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-latn-pinyin"> Dōngyà wénhuà quān </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="白話字">白話字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="nan-latn-pehoeji"> Tang-a bûn-huà-khian </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="閩東語">閩東語</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="平話字">平話字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="cdo-latn"> Dĕ̤ng Ā Ùng-huá-kuŏng </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">拉丁化</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="wuu-latn"> ton-ia ven-ho-chioe </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案">粵拼</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="yue-latn-jyutping"> dung<sup>1</sup> aa<sup>3</sup> man<sup>4</sup> faa<sup>3</sup> hyun<sup>1</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客語</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="客家話拼音方案">客家话拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="hak-latn"> dung<sup>24</sup> a<sup>31</sup> vun<sup>11</sup> fa<sup>55</sup> kien<sup>24</sup> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">越南语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="越南語字母">國語字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="vi"> Vùng văn hóa chữ Hán </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%97" title="儒字">儒字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80129570">.mw-parser-output .han-nom{font-family:"Gothic Nguyen","Han-Nom Gothic","Minh Nguyen","Han-Nom Minh","Nom Na Tong","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)","FZKaiS-Extended","FZKaiS-Extended(SIP)","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU_HKSCS","MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom"> 漢字文化圈 </span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80129570"><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom"> 塳文化𡨸漢 </span></span></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">越南語別稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="越南語字母">國語字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="vi"> Vùng văn hóa Đông Á </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%97" title="儒字">儒字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80129570"><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom"> 東亞文化圈 </span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80129570"><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom"> 塳文化東亞 </span></span></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">朝鲜语名稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hang">한자문화권 </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hani">漢字文化圈 </span></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">朝鲜语別稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hang">동아문화권 </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hani">東亞文化圈 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc; font-size: small">标音</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E9%83%A82000%E5%B9%B4%E5%BC%8F" title="文化观光部2000年式">文观部式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ko-latn">Dong-a Munhwagwon </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">日语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ja"> 漢字文化圏 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字)">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ja"> かんじぶんかけん </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">日語別稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ja"> 東亜文化圈 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字)">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ja"> とうあぶんかけん </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="日语罗马字">日语罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ja-latn"> Tō-a bunkaken </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tbody></table> <p><b>漢字文化圈</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="舊字形">舊字形</a>：<span lang="zht"><span lang="ja" style="font-family:游明朝; color:#555;"><b>漢󠄁字文󠄁化󠄁圈</b></span></span>、日语：<span lang="ja">漢字文化圏</span>、韓語：<span lang="ko">한자 문화권</span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a>：<span lang="vi">Vùng văn hóa chữ Hán</span>），又称<b>漢文化圈</b>、<b>儒家文化圈</b>、<b>儒教文化圈</b>、<b>東亞文化圈</b>、<b>中华文化圈</b>，是指歷史上受<a class="mw-selflink selflink">漢字文化圈</a>影響，過去或現在能（部分）使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>作為主要<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="書面語">書面語</a>之<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="文化圈">文化圈</a>。 </p><p>漢字文化圈的涵蓋範圍廣泛，以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國本部">中國本部</a>為核心，包括歷史上曾向<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%9C%B0" title="汉地">汉地</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%A2" title="朝貢">朝貢</a>過的國家、民族或部落，與現代劃分之<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>地區在很大程度上重合，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球群島">琉球群島</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="日本列島">日本列島</a>等。這些地域在古代均以農耕社會為主，接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8C%E5%B0%81%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" title="册封体制">冊封體制</a>型的外交模式，並且以漢字為最高級的外交用語。東亞各國從中國的歷代王朝中引進各種服裝、建築、音樂、宗教和節日習俗，經過長時間的本土化後，均發展出与中國類似的文化，也均能在面对中國时保有自己的獨立特色。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_old_man_is_72_years_old_final.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_old_man_is_72_years_old_final.png/220px-The_old_man_is_72_years_old_final.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_old_man_is_72_years_old_final.png/330px-The_old_man_is_72_years_old_final.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_old_man_is_72_years_old_final.png/440px-The_old_man_is_72_years_old_final.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2850" /></a><figcaption>「那個老人七十二歲」在漢字文化圈內各主要語言中的表達</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>誕生地漢地以及周邊的越南、朝鮮半島、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>等地，歷史上完全使用漢字或與固有文字混合使用，古代官方及知識分子多使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a>（日本、越南和朝鲜稱為“<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">漢文</a></b>”）作為言文不一致的冊面文體。現代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鲜語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>，六成以上詞彙都是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="古代汉语">古漢語</a>派生出之<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" title="漢字詞">漢字詞</a>所組成。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日語假名">假名</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a>皆是從漢字衍生之文字，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a>雖為固有文字，亦能跟<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日文假名">日文假名</a>一樣同漢字混合使用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="命名、詞源及別稱"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E3.80.81.E8.A9.9E.E6.BA.90.E5.8F.8A.E5.88.A5.E7.A8.B1"></span>命名、詞源及別稱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：命名、詞源及別稱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢字文化圈在東亞古代確實存在，但在<a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="20世紀">20世紀</a>之前，還沒有“漢字文化圈”這個稱謂，也缺乏一個專用名詞來形容它。 </p><p>日本歷史學者<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B6%8B%E5%AE%9A%E7%94%9F" title="西嶋定生">西嶋定生</a>在1962年提出“东亚世界论（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8C%E5%B0%81%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" title="册封体制">冊封体制論</a>）”<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>，讓東亞的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史學">歷史學</a>第一次在學術層面上接觸到「<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="文化圈">文化圈</a>」的概念。然而，西嶋定生主要以<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8C%E5%B0%81%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" title="册封体制">冊封體制</a>為論述主體，而非文化圈本身，漢字文化圈的概念在此時依然也沒有得到確立。 </p><p>漢字文化圈首先以“東亞文化圈”的名稱存在，目前找到的最早來源是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>的“<span lang="de">Chinesischer Kulturkreis</span>”（意為中國文化圈）<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，日本的語言學家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="龜井孝" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="亀井孝 (国語学者)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BE%9C%E4%BA%95%E5%AD%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="龜井孝（页面不存在）">龜井孝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%80%E4%BA%95%E5%AD%9D_(%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" class="extiw" title="ja:亀井孝 (国語学者)"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">亀井孝 (国語学者)</span></a></span>）</span></span>在1917年翻譯這個德語名詞時，將後半部的“Kulturkreis”譯為“<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="文化圈">文化圈</a>”，而前半部述語則刪去“中國”一詞，改以“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>”形容之，以避免日本在其中處於從屬地位。 </p><p>但是，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日语</a>裏的「<span lang="ja">東アジア</span>」和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="歐美">歐美</a>所定義的不同，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">二戰</a>前也可以指<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E6%A6%AE%E5%9C%88" title="大東亞共榮圈">大東亞共榮圈</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>。為了迴避帶有強烈<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="法西斯主義">法西斯</a>色彩的「<span lang="ja">東亜</span>」，日本人在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D" title="日本投降">二戰戰敗</a>后创造出「汉字文化圈」一词來代替，龜井孝宣稱自己為創造者，但具體無法考證其真偽<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。再加上，如果按照歐美對<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>的定義，越南是屬於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>而非東亞，這樣包括了越南的“東亞文化圈”就不太符合<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a>現實。在此之下，“漢字文化圈”的使用頻率得到了提高，“<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>”被认为是一個比“東亞”更加精確的用詞<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p><p>不過，以“漢字文化圈”為正式名稱的說法也不是完全正確。“文化圈”也能翻譯為「文明圈」，綜合地名、文化因素、宗教、书面用语考量的話，“文明圈”一詞比“文化圈”有著更多的包容性。同時，因為圈內地域接受的並非是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="中國文化">中國的所有文化</a>，僅僅是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>所創造的那一批<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="汉文化">漢文化</a>，所以亦可稱之為「漢文化圈」<sup id="cite_ref-a_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於漢字文化圈內各地的文字发展已經產生了巨大差異，现代的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛</a>和越南使用汉字的频率極低，甚至在越南已經不需要讀寫漢字就能進行日常生活了，所以還用“汉字文化圈”為正式名稱的話会显得欠缺中立。 </p><p>目前為了方便讀者查閱，本條目依然以最常用的“漢字文化圈”為主要標題。 </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地域"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E5.9F.9F"></span>地域</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：地域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Character-sphere.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Character-sphere.png/250px-Character-sphere.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Character-sphere.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>在东亚的亞洲歷史風貌的分佈圖。紅：歷史上使用漢字，綠：歷史上使用的文字源自印度，藍：其他</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>实际管轄範圍 </th> <th>法定名稱 </th> <th>通稱 </th> <th>治權政府 </th> <th>最高領導人 </th> <th>政府首腦 </th> <th>立法機關 </th> <th>司法機關 </th> <th>憲制性文件 </th> <th>法定貨幣 </th> <th>行政區劃 </th> <th>國歌 </th> <th>國旗或區旗 </th> <th>國徽或區徽 </th> <th>地理位置 </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>主要包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="西沙群島">西沙群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="中沙群島">中沙群島</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B2%A9%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="黃岩島">黃岩島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E9%98%B3%E7%A4%81" title="华阳礁">華陽礁</a>等</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E5%9C%B0" title="中国内地">中国内地</a><br /></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華人民共和國政府">中華人民共和國政府</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0" title="中国共产党中央委员会总书记">中共中央總書記</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" title="习近平">习近平</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="中华人民共和国国务院总理">國務院總理</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%BA_(1959%E5%B9%B4)" title="李强 (1959年)">李强</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="全國人民代表大會">全國人民代表大會</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="中华人民共和国最高人民法院">最高人民法院</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國憲法">中華人民共和國憲法</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%81" title="人民币">人民币</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="中华人民共和国行政区划">中华人民共和国行政区划</a></td> <td rowspan="3">《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%87%E8%BB%8D%E9%80%B2%E8%A1%8C%E6%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="義勇軍進行曲">義勇軍進行曲</a>》</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_in_its_region_(claimed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg/100px-China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg/150px-China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg/200px-China_in_its_region_%28claimed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="492" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="香港島">香港島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="九龍半島">九龍半島</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%95%8C" title="新界">新界</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">中华人民共和国香港特别行政区</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="香港特別行政區政府">香港特別行政區政府</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98" title="香港特別行政區行政長官">行政長官</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AE%B6%E8%B6%85" title="李家超">李家超</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83" title="香港立法會">香港立法會</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B5%82%E5%AF%A9%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="香港終審法院">香港特別行政區終審法院</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法">中华人民共和国香港特別行政區基本法</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="港幣">港幣</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="香港行政區劃">香港行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/100px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/150px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/200px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/100px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/150px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg/200px-Regional_Emblem_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hong_Kong_in_its_region.svg/100px-Hong_Kong_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hong_Kong_in_its_region.svg/150px-Hong_Kong_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hong_Kong_in_its_region.svg/200px-Hong_Kong_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="澳門半島">澳門半島</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="路环">路环</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%B0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="路氹">路氹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B9%E4%BB%94%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="氹仔島">氹仔岛</a>等</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="澳門特別行政區政府">澳門特別行政區政府</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98" title="澳門特別行政區行政長官">行政長官</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%80%E4%B8%80%E8%AA%A0" title="賀一誠">賀一誠</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83" title="澳門立法會">澳門立法會</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B5%82%E5%AF%A9%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="澳門特別行政區終審法院">澳門特別行政區終審法院</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区基本法">中华人民共和国澳門特別行政區基本法</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="澳門幣">澳門幣</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="澳門行政區劃">澳門行政區劃</a></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/100px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/150px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/200px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/100px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/150px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/200px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Macau_in_its_region.svg/100px-Macau_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Macau_in_its_region.svg/150px-Macau_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Macau_in_its_region.svg/200px-Macau_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣島">臺灣島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="澎湖列島">澎湖列島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="金門群島">金門群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="馬祖列島">馬祖列島</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="東沙群島">東沙群島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%99%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南沙太平島">南沙太平島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%B2%E7%A4%81" title="中洲礁">中洲礁</a>等</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣地區">臺灣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣地區">臺澎金馬</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華民國政府">中華民國政府</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="中華民國總統">中華民國總統</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7" title="賴清德">賴清德</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7" title="行政院院長">行政院院長</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%93%E6%A6%AE%E6%B3%B0" title="卓榮泰">卓榮泰</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="立法院">立法院</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="司法院">司法院</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="中華民國憲法">中華民國憲法</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%87%BA%E5%B9%A3" title="新臺幣">新臺幣</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="中華民國行政區劃">中華民國行政區劃</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="中華民國國歌">中華民國國歌</a>》</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Taiwan_in_its_region.svg/100px-Taiwan_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Taiwan_in_its_region.svg/150px-Taiwan_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Taiwan_in_its_region.svg/200px-Taiwan_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="233" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="本州島">本州島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">四國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="九州島">九州島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球群島">琉球群島</a>等</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本國</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="日本国政府">日本国政府</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%81" title="德仁">德仁</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E8%8C%82" title="石破茂">石破茂</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="國會 (日本)">日本國會</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="最高裁判所">最高裁判所</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國憲法">日本國憲法</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="日本行政區劃">日本行政區劃</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B9%8B%E4%BB%A3" title="君之代">君之代</a>》</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/150px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/200px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_in_its_region_(de-facto).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Japan_in_its_region_%28de-facto%29.svg/100px-Japan_in_its_region_%28de-facto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Japan_in_its_region_%28de-facto%29.svg/150px-Japan_in_its_region_%28de-facto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Japan_in_its_region_%28de-facto%29.svg/200px-Japan_in_its_region_%28de-facto%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="321" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>南部、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="濟州島">濟州島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E5%B3%B6" title="獨島">獨島</a>等</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韓民國</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="大韩民国政府">大韩民国政府</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="韓國總統">韓國總統</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B9%E9%94%A1%E6%82%A6" title="尹锡悦">尹锡悦</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="韩国国务总理">國務總理</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%82%B3%E6%B4%99" title="韩悳洙">韩悳洙</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="韩国国会">韩国国会</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="韩国大法院">韩国大法院</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="大韓民國憲法">大韓民國憲法</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%93" title="韓圓">韓圓</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國行政區劃">韓國行政區劃</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C_(%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="愛國歌 (大韓民國)">愛國歌</a>》</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/100px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/150px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/200px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/100px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/150px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/200px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Korea_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/South_Korea_in_its_region.svg/100px-South_Korea_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/South_Korea_in_its_region.svg/150px-South_Korea_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/South_Korea_in_its_region.svg/200px-South_Korea_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="红河三角洲">红河三角洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%9F" title="西原">西原</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%84%E5%85%AC%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="湄公河三角洲">湄公河三角洲</a>及其他實際控制的島嶼。</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南社会主义共和国</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="越南政府">越南社會主義共和國政府</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0" title="越南共产党中央委员会总书记">越共中央總書記</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%9E%97_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="蘇林 (越南)">蘇林</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="越南总理">政府總理</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E6%98%8E%E6%AD%A3" title="范明正">范明正</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" title="越南國會">越南國會</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="越南最高人民法院">越南最高人民法院</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="越南宪法">越南社會主義共和國憲法</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%9B%BE" title="越南盾">越南盾</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="越南行政区划">越南行政区划</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E8%BB%8D%E6%AD%8C" title="進軍歌">進軍歌</a>》</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/100px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/150px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/200px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vietnam_in_its_region.svg/100px-Vietnam_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vietnam_in_its_region.svg/150px-Vietnam_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vietnam_in_its_region.svg/200px-Vietnam_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="344" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>主要包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>北部及<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%AA%E5%B2%9B" title="薪岛">薪島</a>等</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" title="朝鮮勞動黨總書記">朝鲜劳动党總書記</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国总理">內閣總理</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%AE%AD" title="金德训">金德训</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="最高人民会议">最高人民會議</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國中央裁判所">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國中央裁判所</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國社會主義憲法">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國社會主義憲法</a>》</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%9C%93" title="朝鮮圓">朝鮮圓</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国行政区划">朝鲜行政区划</a></td> <td>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" title="愛國歌 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)">愛國歌</a>》</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/100px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/150px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/200px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/100px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/150px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/200px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/North_Korea_in_its_region.svg/100px-North_Korea_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/North_Korea_in_its_region.svg/150px-North_Korea_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/North_Korea_in_its_region.svg/200px-North_Korea_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">國家或地區 </th> <th style="width:12%;">地理分區 </th> <th style="width:50%;">屬於漢字文化圈的主要族群 </th> <th style="width:30%;">官方語言文字 </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>為主體</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國憲法">中華人民共和國憲法</a>所定義的「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民族">中華民族</a>」，為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>与55个少数民族。 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="規範漢字">規範漢字</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%B3%B6" title="香港島">香港島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D" title="九龍">九龍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%95%8C" title="新界">新界</a></td> <td>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>为主；</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="繁体汉字">繁體漢字</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="澳門半島">澳門半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B9%E4%BB%94" title="氹仔">氹仔</a>（含<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A9%AB%E7%90%B4%E6%A0%A1%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="澳門大學橫琴校區">澳門大學橫琴校區</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%92%B0" title="路環">路環</a></td> <td>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>為主；</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="葡語">葡語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="葡文">葡文</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="繁体汉字">繁體漢字</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣地區">臺灣</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣島">臺灣島</a>為主體</td> <td>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣原住民">臺灣原住民</a>为主； <p>漢族包括閩南族群（<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%A3%94%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="閩南裔臺灣人">閩南裔臺灣人</a>）、客家族群（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A3%94%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="客家裔台灣人">客家裔台灣人</a>），以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣戰後時期">戰後</a>移民的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%81%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="外省族群">外省族群</a>（大部份外省族群亦為漢族），詳見<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣族群">台灣族群</a>。以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="馬祖列島">馬祖列島</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" title="福州民系">福州民系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="金門群島">金門群島</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南民系">閩南民系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%9D%B5%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="烏坵島">烏坵島</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E4%BB%99%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="莆仙民系">莆仙民系</a>等。 </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中華民國國語">中華民國國語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣原住民族語">臺灣原住民族語</a>，其他語言詳讀<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣語言列表">臺灣語言列表</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="正體字">正體字</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="繁体汉字">繁體漢字</a>） </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="日本列島">日本列島</a>為主體</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日本民族">日本民族</a>，以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="大和族">大和族</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%97%8F" title="琉球族">琉球族</a>等，其他日本本地少数民族為主。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日本語">日本語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日文">日文</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>南部為主體</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="朝鲜民族">朝鲜民族</a>為主。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="韓語">韓語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="中南半島">中南半島</a>東部地區為主體</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="越南民族">越南民族</a>，以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%8F" title="京族">京族</a>为主。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="國語字">國語字</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>北部為主體</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="朝鲜民族">朝鲜民族</a>為主。</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鮮語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關研究"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>相關研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：相關研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="南北朝至宋代"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E5.8C.97.E6.9C.9D.E8.87.B3.E5.AE.8B.E4.BB.A3"></span>南北朝至宋代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：南北朝至宋代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在考虑作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="历史学">历史学</a>概念的汉字文化圈的外延的时候，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B6%8B%E5%AE%9A%E7%94%9F" title="西嶋定生">西嶋定生</a>（日语：<span lang="ja">西嶋定生</span>）的「册封体制论」假定的从南北朝时代到唐代的地域秩序成为第一参照例。以西島的「東洋世界」的定義为指標，除了<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8C%E5%B0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="册封">册封</a></b>体制，还包括<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a></b>、<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" title="儒教">儒教</a>（或<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家文化</a>）</b>、<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">佛教</a></b>、<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6" title="律令制">律令制</a></b>。符合这个指标的主要朝贡国有<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="新羅">新羅</a>（朝鲜半島南部）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="渤海国">渤海国</a>（朝鲜半島北部及中国东北东部）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="倭国">倭国</a>（日本）。这个以外，没有引入律令制的国家如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97" class="mw-redirect" title="高句麗">高句麗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%B5%8E" title="百济">百济</a>也应纳入汉字文化圈的范围。北宋以后，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%BD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="高丽国">高丽国</a>取代新罗，并加入了新成立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A" title="大越">大越国</a>（越南）。 </p><p>此外，关于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%8F" title="南诏">南诏</a>及后续的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E5%9B%BD" title="大理国">大理国</a>，其政治制度和文化的汉化程度，从<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E7%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢籍">漢籍</a>資料较难推测出。而南诏受唐朝廷册封、大理受北宋朝廷册封，流行中国<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%95%99" class="mw-disambig" title="密教">密教</a>，移入的汉人参与政治活动，因此可将其视为同新罗、百济类似的「東洋世界」朝贡国<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外，辽、金、西夏长期军事威胁<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>，多数场合不使用汉语文言文，而制定并使用独自的文字<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="明代以后"><span id=".E6.98.8E.E4.BB.A3.E4.BB.A5.E5.90.8E"></span>明代以后</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：明代以后"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>恢复“<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8C%E5%B0%81%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" title="册封体制">册封體制</a>”以后，可纳入汉字文化圈的国家（及地区）基本确立下来并延续至今，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朝鲜王朝">朝鮮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83" title="琉球">琉球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%8A" title="大越">大越</a>（越南）及<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>都符合条件。当时的日本不仅脱离了“册封体制”，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6" title="律令制">律令制</a>也已形式化，与此相应的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE" title="科举">科举</a>官僚制度发达的状况说明西島定生所列的四大点已非必要条件。第一个要列举的有特色的文化要素是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="文字系統">文字系統</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a>（即漢文）的导入促進了用汉字來表記自身语言的发展，日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日語假名">假名</a>、朝鲜的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏读</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9C%AD" title="鄉札">鄉札</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%A8%A3_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E)" title="口訣 (朝鮮語)">口訣</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%9A%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="谚文">谚文</a>并非直接从汉字派生出的文字，但其音节文字的特点明显受到汉字的影响。此外语言学者<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%94%B0%E9%BE%99%E9%9B%84" title="西田龙雄">西田龙雄</a>指出本民族文字的發明也有可能是受<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87" title="契丹文">契丹文</a>的启发。越南的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a>是由汉字派生出的独立文字。由此各国逐漸确立了「本民族文書系統」。不过，直到近代以后，这些<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="书面语言">书面语言</a>才获得了优于文言文的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="官方文字">官方文字</a>地位。宗教上，本土化的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>带着地域性的浓淡及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%9C%E6%94%9D" title="綜攝">综摄</a>（syncretism，“辑合”），在民间普及。<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="儒教 (宗教)">儒教</a>由於與政治思想相匹配，在圈内形成一个较为稳定的共通思维框架。包括使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%B7%E5%AD%90" title="筷子">筷子</a>餐饮，品<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6" title="茶">茶</a>，使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6" title="瓦">瓦</a>来建筑和使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%AC%94" title="毛笔">毛笔</a>来书画等类似的生活文化也作为汉字文化圈的共同特徵，以中國为中心分布开来。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="形成要素"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90.E8.A6.81.E7.B4.A0"></span>形成要素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：形成要素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據日本學者<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B3%B6%E5%AE%9A%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="西島定生">西島定生</a>的「東洋世界」的定義为指標，漢字文化圈的形成要素包括以下幾點： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>形成要素</th> <th>要素特征</th> <th>备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8C%E5%B0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="册封">册封</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A9%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="藩屬國">藩屬國</a>接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="宗主国">宗主國</a>的冊封，並接受和被納入<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%A2%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="朝貢體系">朝貢體系</a></td> <td>中央政權的君主同周边诸国的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>结成「名义上」的君臣关系。以此形成的国际关系叫作<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%A2" title="朝貢">朝貢体制</a>。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="文化圈">文化圈</a>共同使用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="書面語">書面語</a></td> <td>現在，純漢字僅僅被用於記錄漢語。而漢字和假名一起被用於記錄日語。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a></td> <td>廣泛分佈於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a></td> <td>大乘佛教在兴起以后很快向外传播，一度成为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a>地区的主要宗教，即所谓的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a>。北傳佛教主要由北方經絲綢之路向中亞、中國、朝鮮半島以及日本等國傳播的佛教流傳稱為北傳佛教，形成北傳佛教，其經典多以梵文为主、少数为中亞文字和中文。 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6" title="律令制">律令制</a></td> <td>以<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4" title="律令">律令</a>為基礎的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="中央集權">中央集權</a>制度</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>古代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="中央集權">中央集權</a>的統治制度，源於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>後來傳至<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83" title="琉球">琉球</a>等儒家文化圈地區<sup id="cite_ref-furuta_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-furuta-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。實行律令制的國家又稱<b>律令国家</b><sup id="cite_ref-kikuchi_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kikuchi-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="共同文化特徵"><span id=".E5.85.B1.E5.90.8C.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E7.89.B9.E5.BE.B5"></span>共同文化特徵</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：共同文化特徵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢字文化圈各民族在社會上，歷史上，或生活上曾經或現在依然擁有許多類同文化，大概可歸類如下： </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="曆法與歲時民俗"><span id=".E6.9B.86.E6.B3.95.E8.88.87.E6.AD.B2.E6.99.82.E6.B0.91.E4.BF.97"></span>曆法與歲時民俗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：曆法與歲時民俗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢字文化圈都遵循中國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="夏曆">夏曆</a>及其歲時祭享之俗。中国的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="曆法">曆法</a>，是从<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D" title="夏朝">夏朝</a>開始的，所以又叫夏曆。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>漢人周年作息，隨月令二十四<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="節氣">節氣</a>而為生活節奏。自《周書》「周月」、「時則訓」所見，有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%AD%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="四季">四季</a>——春夏秋冬，再分十二個月及二十四節氣。古有"三正"之说，夏正建寅（孟春<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88" title="正月">正月</a>），殷正建丑（季冬十二月），周正建子（仲冬十一月）。中國以正月為歲首源自“行夏之時”是儒家的治國要義和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="神道">神道</a>設教的深意，可謂傳承先聖之天時要義。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>歲時曆法見於《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="禮記">禮記</a>·月令》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E6%B0%8F%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B" title="吕氏春秋">吕氏春秋</a>·十二紀》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E5%AD%90" class="mw-disambig" title="管子">管子</a>·幼宮》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%90" title="淮南子">淮南子</a>·時則訓》。《禮記·月令》既反映了其编定成书以前有关的岁时民俗，也是成书以后的岁时民俗的直接源头。岁时民俗就脱胎于月令文化以及与月令有关的文獻，与四时相对应，每时都有一班帝神，与时月、天氣的变化相对，每个月各有相应的祭祖规定和礼制。 </p><p>中國的歲時、歲事、月令、時令在日本被稱為“年中行事”或者“名節”，在韓國稱為“歲時風俗”。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>江戶時代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%8B%E8%97%A4%E6%9C%88%E5%B2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齋藤月岑（页面不存在）">齋藤月岑</a>著有《東都歳事記》，朝鮮時代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E5%BE%97%E6%81%AD" title="柳得恭">柳得恭</a>著有《京都雜志（경도잡지）》（1800年前後）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E9%82%81%E6%B7%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金邁淳（页面不存在）">金邁淳</a>著《洌陽歳時記（열양세시기）》（1819年）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%8C%AB%E8%AC%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪錫謨（页面不存在）">洪錫謨</a>著《東国歳時記（동국세시기）》（1840年前後），其中多引用中國古典，仿宋朝故事，慕華思想深厚。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="禮儀文化"><span id=".E7.A6.AE.E5.84.80.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>禮儀文化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：禮儀文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="服飾"><span id=".E6.9C.8D.E9.A3.BE"></span>服飾</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：服飾"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88%E6%9C%8D%E8%A3%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漢字文化圈服裝（页面不存在）">漢字文化圈服裝</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%8D%E5%AF%B9%E5%91%A8%E8%BE%B9%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%9C%8D%E9%A5%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="汉服对周边民族服饰的影响">汉服对周边民族服饰的影响</a></div> <p>東洋文化在<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家文化</a>的影響下，形成了相似的冠婚喪祭的習俗，以及衣冠制度。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanbok_(female_and_male).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="韩服平民男女"><img alt="韩服平民男女" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hanbok_%28female_and_male%29.jpg/173px-Hanbok_%28female_and_male%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hanbok_%28female_and_male%29.jpg/260px-Hanbok_%28female_and_male%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hanbok_%28female_and_male%29.jpg/346px-Hanbok_%28female_and_male%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="韩服">韩服</a>平民男女</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seijin_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="和服平民男女"><img alt="和服平民男女" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seijin_2011.jpg/150px-Seijin_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seijin_2011.jpg/226px-Seijin_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Seijin_2011.jpg/301px-Seijin_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1196" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%8D" title="和服">和服</a>平民男女</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_m%C3%A3_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%A1o_t%E1%BA%A5c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="越服平民女"><img alt="越服平民女" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Rio_m%C3%A3_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%A1o_t%E1%BA%A5c.jpg/150px-Rio_m%C3%A3_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%A1o_t%E1%BA%A5c.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Rio_m%C3%A3_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%A1o_t%E1%BA%A5c.jpg/225px-Rio_m%C3%A3_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%A1o_t%E1%BA%A5c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Rio_m%C3%A3_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%A1o_t%E1%BA%A5c.jpg/300px-Rio_m%C3%A3_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%A1o_t%E1%BA%A5c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="越服">越服</a>平民女 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okinawa_065.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="琉裝平民女性"><img alt="琉裝平民女性" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Okinawa_065.jpg/300px-Okinawa_065.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Okinawa_065.jpg/451px-Okinawa_065.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Okinawa_065.jpg/600px-Okinawa_065.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E8%A3%9D" title="琉裝">琉裝</a>平民女性</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="成人禮"><span id=".E6.88.90.E4.BA.BA.E7.A6.AE"></span>成人禮</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：成人禮"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>依<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>傳統，男子二十歲行<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E7%A6%AE" title="冠禮">冠禮</a>，取<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">表字</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>女子行<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%84%E7%A6%AE" title="笄禮">笄禮</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>為成人之道。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="王公">王公</a>为早日执掌国政，多提早行礼。<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="周文王">周文王</a>十二岁而冠，<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%88%90%E7%8E%8B" title="周成王">周成王</a>十五岁而冠。後世民間流行早婚，婚前也經常行成年禮。華人某些族群當中有十六歲舉行民俗成人禮的習俗，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" title="福州民系">福州人</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E5%A5%B6" title="謝奶">謝奶</a>、馬祖地區<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E5%B9%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="做出幼（页面不存在）">做出幼</a>、臺灣閩南人的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9A%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E6%AD%B2" title="做十六歲">做十六歲</a>、潮汕地區的<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%8A%B1%E5%9B%AD" title="出花园">出花園</a>等。亦有些地區把成人禮和婚禮合流，新人在婚禮前夕<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%A0%AD" title="上頭">上頭</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%91%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="蜑家人">蜑家人</a>則有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%AB%E8%A4%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脫褐（页面不存在）">脫褐</a>。這些皆是傳統冠禮和笄禮的簡化和變異。日本近代以來稱之為<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="成人式">成人式</a>。朝鲜的規定亦相似。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coming_of_Age_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本成人式"><img alt="日本成人式" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coming_of_Age_Day.jpg/300px-Coming_of_Age_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coming_of_Age_Day.jpg/451px-Coming_of_Age_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coming_of_Age_Day.jpg/600px-Coming_of_Age_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">日本成人式</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuniaomugong.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="做十六歲"><img alt="做十六歲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chuniaomugong.JPG/169px-Chuniaomugong.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chuniaomugong.JPG/253px-Chuniaomugong.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chuniaomugong.JPG/337px-Chuniaomugong.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">做十六歲</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="婚禮"><span id=".E5.A9.9A.E7.A6.AE"></span>婚禮</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：婚禮"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>東洋各國皆以婚禮<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="六禮">六禮</a>為基礎，即<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E9%87%87" title="納采">纳采</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%AE%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="问名（页面不存在）">问名</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AE%9A" title="文定">纳吉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B5" title="納徵">纳征</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%8B%E6%9C%9F" title="請期">请期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E8%BF%8E" title="亲迎">亲迎</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>現時東亞文化圈的傳統婚禮多以《朱子家禮》為藍本再本土化，如把納吉、納徵合為一禮，傳統婚書中的「三書」亦得到保留，其中主要保留<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%AE%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="禮書（页面不存在）">禮書</a>，有些會省去<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%98%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聘書（页面不存在）">聘書</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%8E%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迎書（页面不存在）">迎書</a>。婚後禮的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E8%A6%8B%E8%88%85%E5%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="婦見舅姑">婦見舅姑</a>禮至今仍然十分受重視，即使一些新人改用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%8F%E5%A9%9A%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西式婚禮（页面不存在）">西式婚禮</a>或其他非傳統形式的婚禮，甚至<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E5%A9%9A_(%E7%B5%90%E5%A9%9A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F)" title="裸婚 (結婚方式)">裸婚</a>，結婚後新人仍然會依照傳統拜見新郎的父母，代表婚姻得到男方家族承認，女方正式成為男方家族成員。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_wedding-Hollye-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜官服婚礼"><img alt="朝鲜官服婚礼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Korean_wedding-Hollye-03.jpg/169px-Korean_wedding-Hollye-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Korean_wedding-Hollye-03.jpg/253px-Korean_wedding-Hollye-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Korean_wedding-Hollye-03.jpg/337px-Korean_wedding-Hollye-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">朝鲜官服婚礼</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_wedding-Honrye-Pyebaek-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜婚禮中的幣帛儀式"><img alt="朝鲜婚禮中的幣帛儀式" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Korean_wedding-Honrye-Pyebaek-02.jpg/300px-Korean_wedding-Honrye-Pyebaek-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Korean_wedding-Honrye-Pyebaek-02.jpg/451px-Korean_wedding-Honrye-Pyebaek-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Korean_wedding-Honrye-Pyebaek-02.jpg/600px-Korean_wedding-Honrye-Pyebaek-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">朝鲜婚禮中的幣帛儀式</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-11997,_Japan,_Teezeremonie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="妇见舅姑"><img alt="妇见舅姑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-11997%2C_Japan%2C_Teezeremonie.jpg/364px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-11997%2C_Japan%2C_Teezeremonie.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-11997%2C_Japan%2C_Teezeremonie.jpg/547px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-11997%2C_Japan%2C_Teezeremonie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-11997%2C_Japan%2C_Teezeremonie.jpg/728px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-11997%2C_Japan%2C_Teezeremonie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">妇见舅姑</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%E1%BB%91_b%E1%BB%99_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Huy%C3%AAn_v%C3%A0_v%E1%BB%A3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="越南传统婚礼"><img alt="越南传统婚礼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/C%E1%BB%91_b%E1%BB%99_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Huy%C3%AAn_v%C3%A0_v%E1%BB%A3.jpg/150px-C%E1%BB%91_b%E1%BB%99_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Huy%C3%AAn_v%C3%A0_v%E1%BB%A3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/C%E1%BB%91_b%E1%BB%99_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Huy%C3%AAn_v%C3%A0_v%E1%BB%A3.jpg/225px-C%E1%BB%91_b%E1%BB%99_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Huy%C3%AAn_v%C3%A0_v%E1%BB%A3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/C%E1%BB%91_b%E1%BB%99_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Huy%C3%AAn_v%C3%A0_v%E1%BB%A3.jpg/300px-C%E1%BB%91_b%E1%BB%99_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Huy%C3%AAn_v%C3%A0_v%E1%BB%A3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">越南传统婚礼</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="喪禮"><span id=".E5.96.AA.E7.A6.AE"></span>喪禮</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：喪禮"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>東洋各國都遵循<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A7%E6%9C%8D" title="丧服">喪服</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AA%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喪制（页面不存在）">喪制</a>的禮儀，以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%8D" title="五服">五服</a>界定喪服及喪期，主要表現為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E5%AD%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="守孝">守孝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9B%E9%AD%82" title="招魂">招魂</a>等等禮節。參與喪禮的賓客會給予喪家<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BB%E5%84%80" class="mw-redirect" title="賻儀">賻儀</a>，喪家亦會<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%84%80" title="吉儀">回禮</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="祭禮"><span id=".E7.A5.AD.E7.A6.AE"></span>祭禮</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：祭禮"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據儒教經典，漢字文化圈都<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="祭祖">祭祖</a>，祭祀日月、星辰、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%A8%B7" title="社稷">社稷</a>、山川、大儺。還有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%AD%94" title="祭孔">祭孔</a>和朝鲜釋奠祭（<span lang="ko">석전제</span>）。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mask_of_Guan_Yu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="傩戏面具"><img alt="傩戏面具" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mask_of_Guan_Yu.jpg/169px-Mask_of_Guan_Yu.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mask_of_Guan_Yu.jpg/253px-Mask_of_Guan_Yu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mask_of_Guan_Yu.jpg/337px-Mask_of_Guan_Yu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">傩戏面具</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Korean_Mask.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜追儺"><img alt="朝鲜追儺" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/A_Korean_Mask.jpg/336px-A_Korean_Mask.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/A_Korean_Mask.jpg/505px-A_Korean_Mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/A_Korean_Mask.jpg/672px-A_Korean_Mask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">朝鲜追儺</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OngDia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="越南追儺"><img alt="越南追儺" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/OngDia.jpg/171px-OngDia.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/OngDia.jpg/257px-OngDia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/OngDia.jpg/342px-OngDia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="1912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">越南追儺</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hososhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本追儺"><img alt="日本追儺" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hososhi.jpg/153px-Hososhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hososhi.jpg/230px-Hososhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hososhi.jpg/306px-Hososhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="1671" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">日本追儺</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryuteki_player_by_Ken@Okinawa_in_Kamakura,_Kanagawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本神道祭礼"><img alt="日本神道祭礼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ryuteki_player_by_Ken%40Okinawa_in_Kamakura%2C_Kanagawa.jpg/339px-Ryuteki_player_by_Ken%40Okinawa_in_Kamakura%2C_Kanagawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ryuteki_player_by_Ken%40Okinawa_in_Kamakura%2C_Kanagawa.jpg/508px-Ryuteki_player_by_Ken%40Okinawa_in_Kamakura%2C_Kanagawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ryuteki_player_by_Ken%40Okinawa_in_Kamakura%2C_Kanagawa.jpg/677px-Ryuteki_player_by_Ken%40Okinawa_in_Kamakura%2C_Kanagawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">日本神道祭礼</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BAa_%22Con_%C4%91%C4%A9_%C4%91%C3%A1nh_b%E1%BB%93ng%22_trong_l%E1%BB%85_h%E1%BB%99i_l%C3%A0ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Kh%C3%BAc_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="越南民間信仰祭礼"><img alt="越南民間信仰祭礼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/M%C3%BAa_%22Con_%C4%91%C4%A9_%C4%91%C3%A1nh_b%E1%BB%93ng%22_trong_l%E1%BB%85_h%E1%BB%99i_l%C3%A0ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Kh%C3%BAc_-_panoramio.jpg/339px-M%C3%BAa_%22Con_%C4%91%C4%A9_%C4%91%C3%A1nh_b%E1%BB%93ng%22_trong_l%E1%BB%85_h%E1%BB%99i_l%C3%A0ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Kh%C3%BAc_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/M%C3%BAa_%22Con_%C4%91%C4%A9_%C4%91%C3%A1nh_b%E1%BB%93ng%22_trong_l%E1%BB%85_h%E1%BB%99i_l%C3%A0ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Kh%C3%BAc_-_panoramio.jpg/509px-M%C3%BAa_%22Con_%C4%91%C4%A9_%C4%91%C3%A1nh_b%E1%BB%93ng%22_trong_l%E1%BB%85_h%E1%BB%99i_l%C3%A0ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Kh%C3%BAc_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/M%C3%BAa_%22Con_%C4%91%C4%A9_%C4%91%C3%A1nh_b%E1%BB%93ng%22_trong_l%E1%BB%85_h%E1%BB%99i_l%C3%A0ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Kh%C3%BAc_-_panoramio.jpg/678px-M%C3%BAa_%22Con_%C4%91%C4%A9_%C4%91%C3%A1nh_b%E1%BB%93ng%22_trong_l%E1%BB%85_h%E1%BB%99i_l%C3%A0ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Kh%C3%BAc_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">越南民間信仰祭礼</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jongmyo_DSC_6828.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜宗廟祭禮"><img alt="朝鲜宗廟祭禮" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jongmyo_DSC_6828.jpg/339px-Jongmyo_DSC_6828.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jongmyo_DSC_6828.jpg/509px-Jongmyo_DSC_6828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jongmyo_DSC_6828.jpg/677px-Jongmyo_DSC_6828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="788" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">朝鲜<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BB%9F%E7%A5%AD%E7%A6%AE_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)" class="mw-redirect" title="宗廟祭禮 (朝鮮王朝)">宗廟祭禮</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanfu_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="釋奠典禮"><img alt="釋奠典禮" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hanfu_1.jpg/300px-Hanfu_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hanfu_1.jpg/450px-Hanfu_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hanfu_1.jpg/600px-Hanfu_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">釋奠典禮</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政治意識"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E6.84.8F.E8.AD.98"></span>政治意識</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：政治意識"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>主要有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%A4%B7%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="華夷思想">華夷思想</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="中華思想">中華思想</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" title="小中華思想">小中華思想</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B" title="天下">天下</a>思想、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="中国中心主义">中国中心主义</a>。因而大多國家還有外交的封閉傾向，以及內部政治集中、高度穩定的特質。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文字與文學"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E8.88.87.E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8"></span>文字與文學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：文字與文學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Numbers_in_Chinese_and_Sinoxenic_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Numbers_in_Chinese_and_Sinoxenic_languages.png/390px-Numbers_in_Chinese_and_Sinoxenic_languages.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Numbers_in_Chinese_and_Sinoxenic_languages.png/585px-Numbers_in_Chinese_and_Sinoxenic_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Numbers_in_Chinese_and_Sinoxenic_languages.png/780px-Numbers_in_Chinese_and_Sinoxenic_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>漢字文化圈內的數字</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UDHR_CJKV.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/UDHR_CJKV.png/220px-UDHR_CJKV.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/UDHR_CJKV.png/330px-UDHR_CJKV.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/UDHR_CJKV.png/440px-UDHR_CJKV.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>漢字文化圈內的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="世界人權宣言">世界人權宣言</a>，共享詞彙為彩色。從左到右，越南語 (Tiếng Việt)、日語 (Nihongo; にほんご)、韓語 (Han'gugeo; 한국어) 和中文 (Zhōngwén; ㄓㄨㄥㄨㄣˊ)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>歷史上，正式場合主要使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="正體字">傳統漢字</a>，民間亦使用本民族被借用和改造成各種非漢字的「漢字型文字」與「標音系統」，如臺灣的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="方音符號">方音符號</a>、朝鲜的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a>、日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日語假名">假名</a>、越南的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a>，這些在字形和組字原則上都表現出與漢字的淵源關係。</li> <li>歷史上，正式場合多使用漢文（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a>），民間亦使用本民族文字與漢字混用的本民族<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="書寫系統">書寫系統</a>（參看<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%BC%A2%E6%B7%B7%E7%94%A8%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="韓漢混用文">韓漢混用文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D%E6%B7%B7%E5%AF%AB%E6%96%87" title="漢字假名混寫文">漢字假名混寫文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%96%83%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="漢喃文">漢喃文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87" title="注音文">注音文</a>）。</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>書寫系統</th> <th>文字</th> <th>语言</th> <th>現今使用地区</th> <th>曾經使用地區 </th></tr> <tr> <td>陶文</td> <td>陶文</td> <td>漢語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>甲骨文</td> <td>甲骨文</td> <td>漢語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>金文</td> <td>金文</td> <td>漢語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>篆文</td> <td>篆文</td> <td>漢語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>文言文</td> <td>漢字</td> <td></td> <td>中國、日本</td> <td>朝鮮半島、越南、蒙古、蘭芳共和國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>繁體字</td> <td>中文漢字</td> <td>漢語</td> <td>台灣、香港、澳門</td> <td>中國、蘭芳共和國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>簡體字</td> <td>中文漢字</td> <td>漢語</td> <td>中國大陸地區、新加坡、佤邦</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>日文</td> <td>日文漢字</td> <td>日語</td> <td>日本</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>日文</td> <td>萬葉假名</td> <td>日語</td> <td></td> <td>日本 </td></tr> <tr> <td>日文</td> <td>平假名</td> <td>日語</td> <td>日本</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>日文</td> <td>片假名</td> <td>日語</td> <td>日本</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>琉球文</td> <td>琉球漢字</td> <td>琉球語</td> <td></td> <td>日本沖繩縣 </td></tr> <tr> <td>琉球文</td> <td>琉球國字頭</td> <td>琉球語</td> <td></td> <td>日本沖繩縣 </td></tr> <tr> <td>韓文</td> <td>韓文漢字</td> <td>韓語</td> <td>南韓</td> <td>北韓 </td></tr> <tr> <td>韓文</td> <td>吏讀文字</td> <td>韓語</td> <td></td> <td>朝鮮半島 </td></tr> <tr> <td>韓文</td> <td>鄉札</td> <td>韓語</td> <td></td> <td>朝鮮半島 </td></tr> <tr> <td>韓文</td> <td>口訣</td> <td>韓語</td> <td></td> <td>朝鮮半島 </td></tr> <tr> <td>韓文</td> <td>諺文</td> <td>韓語</td> <td>朝鮮半島</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>越南文</td> <td>儒字</td> <td>京語</td> <td></td> <td>越南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>越南文</td> <td>越喃字</td> <td>京語</td> <td></td> <td>越南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>岱文</td> <td>岱喃字</td> <td>岱語</td> <td></td> <td>越南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>瑤文</td> <td>瑤喃文</td> <td>瑤語</td> <td></td> <td>越南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>壯文</td> <td>方塊壯字</td> <td>壯語</td> <td></td> <td>中國廣西 </td></tr> <tr> <td>白文</td> <td>方塊白文</td> <td>白語</td> <td></td> <td>中國雲南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>侗文</td> <td>方塊侗字</td> <td>侗語</td> <td></td> <td>中國貴州 </td></tr> <tr> <td>苗文</td> <td>古苗文</td> <td>苗語</td> <td></td> <td>中國貴州 </td></tr> <tr> <td>仡佬文</td> <td>仡佬字</td> <td>仡佬語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>布依文</td> <td>布依族古文字</td> <td>布依語</td> <td></td> <td>中國貴州 </td></tr> <tr> <td>西夏文</td> <td>蕃書</td> <td>党項語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>契丹文</td> <td>契丹大字</td> <td>契丹語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>契丹文</td> <td>契丹小字</td> <td>契丹語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>女真文</td> <td>女真大字</td> <td>女真語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>女真文</td> <td>女真小字</td> <td>女真語</td> <td></td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>蒙古文</td> <td>蒙古文漢字轉寫</td> <td>蒙古語</td> <td></td> <td>中國、蒙古 </td></tr> <tr> <td>納西文</td> <td>哥巴文</td> <td>納西語</td> <td></td> <td>中國雲南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>彝文</td> <td>彝文</td> <td>彝語</td> <td>中國四川、雲南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>傈僳文</td> <td>竹書</td> <td>傈僳語</td> <td></td> <td>中國雲南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>水文</td> <td>水書</td> <td>水語</td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>中文</td> <td>女書</td> <td>湘語</td> <td></td> <td>中國湖南 </td></tr> <tr> <td>中文</td> <td>注音符號</td> <td>漢語</td> <td>台灣</td> <td>中國 </td></tr> <tr> <td>苗文</td> <td>胡托文字</td> <td>黑苗語</td> <td></td> <td>中國貴州 </td></tr> <tr> <td>工尺譜</td> <td></td> <td>琴譜</td> <td>中國</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>減字譜</td> <td></td> <td>琴譜</td> <td>中國</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>蘇州花碼</td> <td></td> <td>數字</td> <td>中國</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>算籌</td> <td></td> <td>數字</td> <td>中國</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>易經符號</td> <td></td> <td>符号</td> <td>中国</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>太玄經符號</td> <td></td> <td>符号</td> <td>中国</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工艺技术"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E8.89.BA.E6.8A.80.E6.9C.AF"></span>工艺技术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：工艺技术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国的工艺技术可追溯到《周礼·考工记》记载的六门工艺里的三十个工种，包括攻木之工、攻金之工、攻皮之工、设色之工、刮摩之工、抟埴之工等，包括木工、金工、皮革、染色、琢磨器物及制陶等内容。韩国与日本，在传统工艺的很多方面，是直接学习或者继承了中国的技艺与造物精神的。古代日韩工艺文化的发展受到了中国文化的影响，即包括工艺技巧、工艺形式等的传授和模仿，也包括深层次文化观念的借鉴和学习。比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8" title="漆器">漆器</a>工艺是途经朝鲜半岛传入日本的。在南线，中国漆器流通主要在与百越、安南、身毒、暹罗等国之间，并通达印度、越南、柬埔寨、印尼等地区。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>螺钿技艺的传入对於朝鲜半岛漆艺的影响意义重大。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">考工记门类</th> <th>中国非物质文化遗产</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E7%84%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國無形文化遺產">韓國無形文化遺產</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%B4%A2%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="日本文化财产">日本文化财产</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">木工</td> <td>弓箭</td> <td>聚元号弓箭制作技艺</td> <td>弓矢匠（第47号）、箭筒匠（第93号）</td> <td>都城大弓 </td></tr> <tr> <td>宫室</td> <td>香山帮传统建筑营造技艺</td> <td>大木匠（第74号）、小木匠（第55号）</td> <td>建造物木工 </td></tr> <tr> <td>木雕</td> <td>东阳木雕、乐清黄杨木雕</td> <td>木雕刻匠（第108号）</td> <td>木工芸 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E5%99%A8" title="乐器">乐器</a></td> <td>苏州民族乐器制作技艺</td> <td>乐器匠（第42号）</td> <td>雅楽管楽器製作修理、<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>琵琶製作修理 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8" title="漆器">漆器</a></td> <td>成都漆艺、扬州漆器髹饰技艺、福州脱胎漆器髹饰技艺</td> <td>漆匠（第113号）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E9%92%BF" title="螺钿">螺钿</a>漆器匠（第10号）</td> <td>髹漆（漆芸）、蒔絵、沈金、螺鈿、蒟醤<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>草编</td> <td>徐行草编、大名草编、嵊州竹编</td> <td>莞草匠（第103号）、黑笠匠（第4号）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E5%B7%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="网巾">网巾</a>匠（第66号）、宕巾匠（第67号）、彩箱匠（第53号）</td> <td>別府竹細工、篠工芸 </td></tr> <tr> <td>簾</td> <td>梁平竹帘</td> <td>帘匠（第114号）</td> <td>江戸簾、<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>大阪金剛簾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>造纸</td> <td>麻纸制作技艺（手工造纸）</td> <td>韩纸匠（第117号）</td> <td>唐紙製作、手漉和紙 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">金工</td> <td>金箔</td> <td>南京金箔锻制技艺</td> <td>金箔匠（第119号）<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>表具用古代裂（金襴等）製作 </td></tr> <tr> <td>刀工</td> <td>龙泉宝剑锻制技艺</td> <td></td> <td>金具鍛冶、信州打刃物、堺打刃物、越前打刃物 </td></tr> <tr> <td>器物</td> <td>金银细工制作技艺</td> <td>雕刻匠（第35号）、𨱎器匠（第77号）</td> <td>彫金 </td></tr> <tr> <td>花丝</td> <td>成都银花丝制作技艺</td> <td>入丝匠（第78号）</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>篆刻</td> <td>金石篆刻</td> <td>刻字匠（第106号）</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">皮工</td> <td>聊城牛筋腰带制作技艺</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">染织</td> <td>夏布</td> <td>荣昌夏布制作技艺、万载夏布制作技艺</td> <td>韩山<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8E%E9%BA%BB" title="苎麻">苎麻</a>编织（第14号）、谷城织麻技术（第32号）</td> <td>小千谷縮・越後上布 </td></tr> <tr> <td>木棉</td> <td>魏县土纺土织技艺、乌泥泾手工棉纺织技艺</td> <td>罗州乡村纺棉（第28号）</td> <td>真冈木绵、远州木绵、三河木绵、松阪木绵、丹波木绵 </td></tr> <tr> <td>丝绸</td> <td>南京云锦木机妆花手工织造技艺、蜀锦织造技艺、宋锦织造技艺、杭罗织造技艺、潞绸织造技艺</td> <td>明䌷编织（第87号）</td> <td>有職織物、羅、経錦、佐賀錦、献上博多織、紬織、結城紬、久米島紬、精好仙台平<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>绣工</td> <td>苏绣、湘绣、蜀绣、粤绣</td> <td>刺绣匠（第80号）</td> <td>刺繍 </td></tr> <tr> <td>染工</td> <td>南通蓝印花布印染技艺</td> <td>染色匠（第80号）</td> <td>江戸小紋、本藍染 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鞋匠</td> <td>潮州木屐、杭州合村绣花鞋制作技艺、邳州麻编鞋</td> <td>靴鞋匠（第116号）</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>绢花</td> <td>北京绢花</td> <td>宫中彩花（第124号）</td> <td>江戸つまみ簪<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">玉石</td> <td>玉雕</td> <td>扬州玉雕、北京玉雕</td> <td>玉匠（第100号）</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>石雕</td> <td>寿山石雕、曲阳石雕、青田石雕</td> <td>石匠（第120号）</td> <td>石细工 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">陶瓷</td> <td>陶器</td> <td>荣昌陶器、宜兴紫砂陶制作技艺</td> <td>瓮器匠（第96号）</td> <td>小鹿田焼、備前焼、無名異焼、鉄釉陶器 </td></tr> <tr> <td>瓷器</td> <td>龙泉<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E7%93%B7" title="青瓷">青瓷</a>烧制技艺、景德镇手工制瓷技艺</td> <td>瓷器匠（第105号）</td> <td>青磁、<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>白磁、釉裏金彩 </td></tr> <tr> <td>陶瓦</td> <td></td> <td>制瓦匠（第91号）、翻瓦匠（第121号）</td> <td>屋根瓦製作 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生活文化"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>生活文化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：生活文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>都食用<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="稻米">稻米</a>，懂得品茶，並有<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="茶儀式">儀式化</a>的品茶方式<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%B7%E5%AD%90" title="筷子">筷子</a>進食。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="中国传统建筑">中国传统建筑</a>（参看<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="宋朝建筑">宋朝建筑</a>等）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="臺灣建築">臺灣傳統建築</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="越南傳統建築">越南傳統建築</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Korean architecture" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Korean architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_architecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean architecture（页面不存在）">韓國傳統建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Korean architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Korean architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%B1%8B" title="韓屋">韓屋</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="琉球建築">琉球傳統建築</a>（参看<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%87%8C" title="首里">首里</a>等）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="日本傳統建築">日本傳統建築</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Architecture of Mongolia" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Architecture of Mongolia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Mongolia（页面不存在）">蒙古建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Mongolia" class="extiw" title="en:Architecture of Mongolia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Architecture of Mongolia</span></a></span>）</span></span>都有相似建築風格<sup id="cite_ref-漢字文化圈，能否重建？_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-漢字文化圈，能否重建？-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83131740">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery 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style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%96%9C%E5%A1%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BA%99%EF%BC%88%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%EF%BC%89.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="江苏古建筑"><img alt="江苏古建筑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%96%9C%E5%A1%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BA%99%EF%BC%88%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%EF%BC%89.JPG/180px-%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%96%9C%E5%A1%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BA%99%EF%BC%88%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%EF%BC%89.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%96%9C%E5%A1%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BA%99%EF%BC%88%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%EF%BC%89.JPG/270px-%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%96%9C%E5%A1%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BA%99%EF%BC%88%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%EF%BC%89.JPG 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Li_teng-fang_Historical_Home_%2CTAIWAN.jpg/270px-Li_teng-fang_Historical_Home_%2CTAIWAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Li_teng-fang_Historical_Home_%2CTAIWAN.jpg/360px-Li_teng-fang_Historical_Home_%2CTAIWAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">臺灣古建筑</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="朝鲜古建筑"><img alt="朝鲜古建筑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg/180px-Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg/270px-Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg/360px-Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">朝鲜古建筑</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikko_Futarasan_Jinja_M3292.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本古建筑"><img alt="日本古建筑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nikko_Futarasan_Jinja_M3292.jpg/180px-Nikko_Futarasan_Jinja_M3292.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nikko_Futarasan_Jinja_M3292.jpg/270px-Nikko_Futarasan_Jinja_M3292.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nikko_Futarasan_Jinja_M3292.jpg/360px-Nikko_Futarasan_Jinja_M3292.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="747" /></a></span></div> <div 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class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijing_Fuchengmen_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="北京阜成门城楼"><img alt="北京阜成门城楼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Beijing_Fuchengmen_1930.jpg/141px-Beijing_Fuchengmen_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Beijing_Fuchengmen_1930.jpg/212px-Beijing_Fuchengmen_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Beijing_Fuchengmen_1930.jpg/283px-Beijing_Fuchengmen_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="636" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">北京阜成门城楼</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heunginjimun_Gate,_Seoul,_South_Korea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="韩国汉城（首尔）興仁之門"><img alt="韩国汉城（首尔）興仁之門" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Heunginjimun_Gate%2C_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.jpg/180px-Heunginjimun_Gate%2C_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Heunginjimun_Gate%2C_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.jpg/270px-Heunginjimun_Gate%2C_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Heunginjimun_Gate%2C_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.jpg/360px-Heunginjimun_Gate%2C_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">韩国汉城（首尔）<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E4%BB%81%E4%B9%8B%E9%96%80" title="興仁之門">興仁之門</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngomon2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="越南阮朝顺化皇城午门"><img alt="越南阮朝顺化皇城午门" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ngomon2.jpg/180px-Ngomon2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ngomon2.jpg/270px-Ngomon2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ngomon2.jpg/360px-Ngomon2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="935" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">越南阮朝顺化皇城<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%88%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="午门">午门</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="台灣臺南臺灣府城大南門"><img alt="台灣臺南臺灣府城大南門" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80.jpg/180px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80.jpg/270px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80.jpg/360px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3915" data-file-height="2610" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">台灣臺南<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣府城大南門">臺灣府城大南門</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <ul><li>地理名称上，因具有相似的地理风水特征或有着类似的历史文化背景，而同名，如日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E5%8D%97_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="湘南 (日本)">湘南</a>与中国的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E5%8D%97" title="湘南">湘南</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖南">湖南</a>南部），朝鲜的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%84%E9%99%BD%E9%83%A1_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="襄陽郡 (韓國)">襄阳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E5%B8%82" title="江陵市">江陵</a>与中国的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%84%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="襄阳">襄阳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5" class="mw-disambig" title="江陵">江陵</a>，越南的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="太原市 (越南)">太原</a>与中国的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="太原">太原</a>，等等。</li> <li>基於儒教<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%9B%B8%E4%BA%94%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="四書五經">四書五經</a>形成的禮儀服飾：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢服">漢服</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%8D" title="韓服">韓服</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="越服">越服</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E8%A3%9D" title="琉裝">琉裝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%8D" title="和服">和服</a>。朝鲜語的「<span lang="ko">한복</span>」一詞在李氏朝鮮覆滅時指的是漢服。<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="秦漢"><span id=".E7.A7.A6.E6.BC.A2"></span>秦漢</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：秦漢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="中國人">中國人</a>對自己的文化，更充滿信心與優越感，認為落後的地區會被中國吸引，前來<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%A2" title="朝貢">朝貢</a>。中國文化可以不斷的擴大，達到「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C_(%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3)" title="大同 (思想)">天下大同</a>」的理想境界。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="華南">華南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="越南歷史">越南</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇">秦始皇</a>設<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%83%A1" title="象郡">象郡</a>，將越南北部首次納入版圖。 </p><p>漢初，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E4%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="趙佗">趙佗</a>滅<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%99%BD%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="安陽王">安陽王</a>，設<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E8%B6%BE%E9%83%A1" title="交趾郡">交趾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E7%9C%9F%E9%83%A1" title="九真郡">九真</a>等郡，將疆域延伸到今越南中部。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="魏晉南北朝"><span id=".E9.AD.8F.E6.99.89.E5.8D.97.E5.8C.97.E6.9C.9D"></span>魏晉南北朝</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：魏晉南北朝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>朝鲜</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97" class="mw-redirect" title="高句麗">高句麗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="百濟">百濟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="新羅">新羅</a>鼎足而立。半島北部：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%98%89%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" class="mw-redirect" title="永嘉之亂">永嘉之亂</a>後，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中國東北">中國東北</a>的高句麗南下佔領了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%82%E6%B5%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="樂浪">樂浪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B6%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="帶方">帶方</a>兩郡，將疆域拓展到朝鮮半島，同時與分裂的北方中原諸政權維持友好關係。西元五世紀初，全盛時期的高句麗與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%89" class="mw-redirect" title="東晉">東晉</a>結盟，形成與中原王朝南、北兩面外交關係。429年高句麗遷都平壤，成為地道的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="半島">半島</a>國家。半島南部：百濟位於半島西南部，臨<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7" title="黄海">黄海</a>，曾長期與高句麗為敵，與東晉、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南朝</a>較為密切。新羅位於半島東南，臨<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>，初期透過高句麗吸取中華文化，與北中國的關係較為密切。六世紀以後新羅興起，朝鮮半島上形势產生變化。高句麗聯合百濟，以壓制新羅，新羅轉而與中原國家較為密切。 372年高句麗設<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="太學">太學</a>、傳入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>、頒<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4" title="律令">律令</a>（初期以高句麗為最盛）。384年<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="百濟">百濟</a>設太學、頒律令。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="日本歷史">日本</a></li></ul> <p>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南朝</a>建立朝貢關係。根據南朝史書的記載，<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E4%BA%94%E7%8E%8B" title="倭五王">倭五王</a>的倭國繼百濟、高句麗之後，在五世紀中與南朝建立朝貢關係的第三個。西元538年佛教由百濟傳入日本。同時期，中國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="儒教 (宗教)">儒教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%AD%A6" title="易学">易學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E7%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="历算">曆算</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫學</a>，亦先後由百濟傳入日本。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="隋唐、五代十國、宋遼金夏"><span id=".E9.9A.8B.E5.94.90.E3.80.81.E4.BA.94.E4.BB.A3.E5.8D.81.E5.9C.8B.E3.80.81.E5.AE.8B.E9.81.BC.E9.87.91.E5.A4.8F"></span>隋唐、五代十國、宋遼金夏</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：隋唐、五代十國、宋遼金夏"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>朝鲜</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>初次出現統一王國。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="隋">隋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a>帝國一再對高句麗用兵，在新羅的幫助下，唐于660年滅百濟，668年滅高句麗。朝鮮半島首次出現統一王國<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="統一新羅">統一新羅</a>。西元583年，新羅始頒佈律令及允許傳佈佛教。政治、經濟制度全仿唐制。文化上，新羅創出用漢字來標音的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏讀</a>文」。科舉考試指定書籍是<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>經典。大量派遣留學生至長安的太學，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E8%87%B4%E9%81%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="崔致遠">崔致遠</a>高中唐科舉<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="進士">進士</a>，且嫺熟<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87" class="mw-disambig" title="漢文">漢文</a>，歸國後，備受國人推崇。 </p> <dl><dt>日本</dt></dl> <p>西元7至9世紀，中國進入隋唐時代，日本逐漸進入主動、直接吸收中華文化的時期，是歷史上吸收中華文化最多、最快的時期。從西元607年初次派「<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E9%9A%8B%E4%BD%BF" title="遣隋使">遣隋使</a>」至中國，往後二百五十年間，遣使不斷。透過使節來華的留學生、學問僧，唐代文化大量傳入日本。天皇名稱、“<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>”<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="國號">國號</a>的確立、中央體制、地方制度、考試制度、土地田賦制度等，日本多以唐制為藍本。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%8E%BF" title="奈良县">奈良</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a>受唐式文化影響深遠，此兩京的建築系仿自<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%8E" title="唐长安城">唐長安城</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="日本人">日本人</a>借用漢字偏旁發明「<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="片假名">片假名</a>」、根據漢字草書發明「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名">平假名</a>」。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良</a>時期，中國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%AF%A6" title="成實">成實</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三論（页面不存在）">三論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="法相">法相</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="俱舍">俱舍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="华严">華嚴</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%97" title="律宗">律宗</a>傳入日本。至京都時期，在傳入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%97" title="天台宗">天台</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%97" title="真言宗">真言宗</a>後，完成了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>的東傳。 </p><p>藝術、娛樂方面，唐朝各項藝術娛樂傳入日本，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8D%E6%A3%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="圍棋">圍棋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="書法">書法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="音樂">音樂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="舞蹈">舞蹈</a>等經過消化改造，已成為日本文化的一部分。 </p> <dl><dt>越南</dt></dl> <p>唐設<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" title="安南都护府">安南都護府</a>，為中國<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>統治時期。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8C%97%E5%B1%AC%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="越南第三次北屬時期">越南第三次北屬時期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%B5%B7%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF#自治时期" class="mw-redirect" title="静海节度使">自治时期</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E6%9C%9D" title="丁朝">丁朝</a></div> <p>唐昭宗天佑三年（906年），加<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%B5%B7%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="静海节度使">静海军节度使</a>曲承裕同平章事，成为越南实际<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%B5%B7%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF#自治时期" class="mw-redirect" title="静海节度使">自治</a>的开始。晋出帝天福四年（939年），<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E6%9C%9D" title="吳朝">吳權建政稱王</a>。 </p><p>968年（北宋时），丁部領統一國境，立国号为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9E%BF%E8%B6%8A" title="大瞿越">大瞿越</a>，建立<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E6%9C%9D" title="丁朝">丁朝</a>（當時國境相當於現時越南的北部）。丁朝與宋朝的使節來往頻繁，建立<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B4%A1%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="朝贡体系">宗藩關係</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元明清"><span id=".E5.85.83.E6.98.8E.E6.B8.85"></span>元明清</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：元明清"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><b>朝鲜</b></dt> <dt>日本</dt></dl> <dl><dt>越南</dt></dl> <dl><dt>琉球</dt></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化交流紀實"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E4.BA.A4.E6.B5.81.E7.B4.80.E5.AF.A6"></span>文化交流紀實</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：文化交流紀實"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%94%E8%B0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="笔谈">笔谈</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%96%93%E5%B0%88%E6%9C%89%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E%E4%BA%92%E8%AD%AF" title="漢字使用國間專有名詞互譯">漢字使用國間專有名詞互譯</a></div> <p>日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="儒學">儒學</a>者常和朝鮮的儒學者用漢字<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%AB%87" title="筆談">筆談</a>的方式來爭論儒學問題；<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="清">清</a>时代前來中國大陸<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B4%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="朝贡">朝贡</a>的使节团當中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">安南</a>（越南）使節與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朝鲜王朝">朝鮮</a>使節曾經互贈<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="汉诗">漢詩</a>。而古代<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球國">琉球國</a>亦曾發生朝鮮國漁船迷航，而由琉球王國協助後送返朝鮮的事件，當中琉球國王致朝鮮國王的文書<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>自然也用漢文寫成。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E4%B8%96%E5%87%AF" title="袁世凯">袁世凯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%AF" title="马相伯">马相伯</a>可以与朝鲜国王、官员笔谈。<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%81%B5%E5%AE%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="黄遵宪">黄遵宪</a>等可以与琉球人、日本人笔谈。<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%90%AF%E8%B6%85" title="梁启超">梁启超</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="孙中山">孙中山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%BA" title="康有为">康有为</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%BA%B6%E6%98%8C" title="黎庶昌">黎庶昌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%85%A7_(%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB)" title="王照 (光緒進士)">王照</a>不懂日语也可以直接与日本人笔谈。<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>即使在現代社會，利用漢字的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%AB%87" title="筆談">筆談</a>也為東亞人民之間的交流也起了很大的作用。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国">韩国</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%82%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="首爾市立大學">首爾市立大學</a>教授金榮旭指出，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="越戰">越戰</a>期間，一名被派遣至越南的南韓國軍排長在與越南當地村長以漢字筆談後，讓這個小村落的無辜村民逃過了美軍的猛烈轟炸<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；一些韩国游客在前往中國旅行時，因<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E4%B8%8D%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="水土不服">水土不服</a>而瀉吐時，向中國藥劑師遞上寫有「腹痛」和「消化不良」的字條後，即迅速獲得處方<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；也有台灣遊客在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>旅行迷路時以漢字向當地的日本人問路而得以到達目的地。 </p><p>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度支那物語（页面不存在）">印度支那物語</a>》（日语：<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja">インドシナ物語</span></span><sup></sup>）的作者日本人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B8%E5%B1%B1%E9%9D%9C%E9%9B%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丸山靜雄（页面不存在）">丸山靜雄</a>在越南采訪時的曾與當地越南人進行過筆談（1981年前）。以下摘錄自原書章節： </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;"><span lang="ja">わたしは終戦前、ベトナムがまだフランスの植民地であったころ、朝日新聞の特派員としてベトナムに滞在した。わたしはシクロ（三輪自転車）を乗りついだり、路地から路地にわざと道を変えて、ベトナムの民族独立運動家たちと会った。大方、通訳の手をかり、通訳がいない場合は、漢文で筆談したが、結構、それで意が通じた。いまでも中年以上のものであれば、漢字を知っており、わたしどもとも漢字で大体の話はできる。漢字といっても、日本の漢字と、この地域のそれとはかなり違うが、漢字の基本に変りはないわけで、中国－ベトナム－朝鮮－日本とつながる<b>漢字文化圏</b>の中に、わたしどもは生きていることを痛感する。</span><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></blockquote> <p>汉语譯文： <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">二戰</a>）終戰前越南還是法國殖民地的時候，我曾作為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="朝日新聞">朝日新聞</a>的特派員到過<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>。我特意乘坐越式三輪車，行於胡同小巷之間，與越南民族獨立運動家們見面。大多時候，靠翻譯员的幫助，翻譯员不在的時候則用<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a>筆談，效果很好，因此可以互通意義。現在中年以上的人大都識<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>，我也大體能用漢字交流。就漢字而言，與日本的漢字相比，雖然兩個地域（日本和越南）完全不同但漢字基本沒有變化，我深深的感覺到自己一直生活在中国－越南－朝鮮－日本共同組成的<b>漢字文化圈</b>中。</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="近代"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E4.BB.A3"></span>近代</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：近代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HanWaHanViet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/150px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/225px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/300px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%A8%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="中日韓統一表意文字">中日韓統一表意文字</a></div> <p>18世纪之后，中國在多场对外战争中战败，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%B4%A1%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="朝贡体系">朝贡体系</a>下的各<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="属国">屬國</a>對中国的国力产生质疑。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>後，作為擺脫落後文化的象徵，部分地區開始實行<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%BB%A2%E6%AD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字廢止">漢字廢止</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="政策">政策</a>。 </p><p>17世紀由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="傳教士">傳教士</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%8C%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歷山大·德羅茲">亞歷山大·德羅茲</a>（<span lang="fr">Alexandre de Rhodes</span>）为<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>設計的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="越南語字母">國語字</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>：<span title="越南语國語字"><span lang="vi">Chữ Quốc Ngữ</span></span>／<span title="漢喃文"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80129570"><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom">𡦂國語</span></span></span><sup></sup>）被后来的法国殖民当局在学校中广泛推广，虽然当时并未完全普及，但在20世纪中后期，其逐渐取代了傳統的<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%97" title="儒字">儒字</a>（漢字）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a>，成为越南国家的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="官方文字">官方文字</a>。因此，20世纪後半叶以後，理解漢字的人除了<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="老年人">老年人</a>和一部分的專家以外，變得很少。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a>使用的漢字，只用作併記，注解和消歧義。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">二戰</a>后，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮王朝">朝鮮王朝</a>的第4代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜国王">國王</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97" title="朝鮮世宗">世宗</a>所創造的朝鮮文字——<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a>（<span lang="ko">언문、한글</span>）被普遍使用，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="報紙">報紙</a>上漢字的使用頻率也不高，一般只會用於迴避歧義的詞語時使用（参看<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97#文字戰爭" title="朝鮮漢字">朝鲜漢字#文字戰爭</a>）。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="北韓">朝鲜</a>甚至已經完全廢除漢字，除了日常語言外，法律也不採用漢字書寫。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>雖然繼續延用漢字，但近年來年輕人的漢字水準較老一輩下降，部份<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" title="漢字詞">漢字詞彙</a>只能用<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日語假名">假名</a>（<span lang="jpn">仮名、かな</span>）的書寫方式來代替。 </p><p>目前除了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>一直沿用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="繁體中文">傳統漢字</a>（在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>稱國字或正體字、在港澳稱繁體字）外，部分使用漢字的国家的政府确定了汉字的简化方案，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97#字體" title="日本汉字">日本汉字</a>採用<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="日本新字体">新字体</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="舊字體">舊字體</a>在现代日语仍可交互使用）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中國大陸</a>採用<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="简化字">简化字</a>為主。漢字在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>以及其他除<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>之外的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="華人">華人</a>地區的工作和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB" title="日常生活">日常生活</a>中的使用頻度很少，不过也有自己的简化方案（或比照简化字，但中文傳統漢字在民間仍少量通用）。而<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>華人地區的漢字使用頻率極高，且隨著華人受教育程度逐漸提高的影響，早期民間自創的簡化字早已逐漸被遺忘，改為採用中國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="簡化字">簡化字</a>，而大部分中文<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="報章">報章</a>的標題都會使用傳統漢字。另外在現在的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜 (称谓)">朝鲜</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>的使用頻度已比以前少很多。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="海外华人">海外华人</a>的地方也有以汉字为主的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="报纸">报纸</a>。 </p><p>漢字是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>國際文字的觀點到近年逐漸受到關注。隨著韩国、台灣、中国大陸經濟的快速發展，以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲共同體">歐洲共同體</a>成立的啓示，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%AB%94" title="東亞共同體">東亞共同體</a>建立的呼聲也逐漸提高。特别是以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7" title="中国崛起">中国复兴</a>为重要因素，使得作為東亞國際文字的漢字的重要性將被重新評估。另外，近年来，在原汉字文化圈各国各地区亦出现呼吁东亚国家统一使用《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8" title="康熙字典">康熙字典</a>》<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="舊字形">标准汉字</a>的建议。那些過去屬於漢字文化圈而在近代丟掉了漢字的國家，也逐步意識到漢字的重要性，他們發現漢字能使不同語言的民族以文字互相溝通，與<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="表音文字">表音文字</a>相容並存，不但能保存獨特民族語言，又能使不同民族藉漢字表意而能互相交流溝通，使「<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB" title="漢字復活">漢字復活</a>」的呼聲也開始被倡導。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地區政權"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80.E6.94.BF.E6.AC.8A"></span>各地區政權</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：各地區政權"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>本章節以<b>地域</b>為視點描述，某些地區可能今隸屬于其中另一個地區之政權。</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大中华"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E4.B8.AD.E5.8D.8E"></span>大中华</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：大中华"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中国大陆與港澳地區"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.86.E8.88.87.E6.B8.AF.E6.BE.B3.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80"></span>中国大陆與港澳地區</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：中国大陆與港澳地區"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="120">政權</th> <th width="180">主體民族</th> <th width="280">年代</th> <th width="280">语言及文字 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D" title="夏朝">夏</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="華夏族">華夏族</a>（漢族前身）</td> <td>前21世紀－前17世紀</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="原始汉语">原始漢語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商</a></td> <td>華夏族</td> <td>前17世紀－前11世紀 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上古漢語">早期上古漢語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文">甲骨文</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周</a></td> <td>華夏族</td> <td>前11世紀-前256年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦音系</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%93%AF%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="东瓯国">东瓯国</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A" title="百越">越族</a>（王室為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="越国">越国</a>王裔）</td> <td>前3世纪－前138年</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%B6%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="古越语">古越語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%B6%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="闽越">闽越国</a></td> <td>前3世纪－前110年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦</a></td> <td>華夏族</td> <td>前221年-前207年</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="西漢">西漢</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a> </td> <td>前202年-9年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%9D" title="新朝">新</a> </td> <td>9年-23年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="東漢">東漢</a></td> <td>25年-220年 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="晚期上古汉语">晚期上古漢語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="漢代音系">漢代音系</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F" title="曹魏">魏</a></td> <td>220年－266年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="蜀漢">蜀</a></td> <td>221年－263年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E5%90%B3_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="孫吳 (三國)">吳</a></td> <td>229年－280年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="晉朝">晉</a></td> <td>265年－420年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晉音系">魏晋音系</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%A8%E6%B0%8F" title="爨氏">爨氏南中</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%B7" title="西南夷">南蠻族</a>（王室為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>河东移民）</td> <td>339年－748年</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%8C%97%E5%87%89" title="高昌北凉">高昌北凉</a></td> <td>漢族<br />（王室為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴族</a>）</td> <td>442年－460年</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9E%E6%B0%8F%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C" title="闞氏高昌">闞氏高昌</a></td> <td rowspan="4">漢族</td> <td>460年－488年</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%B4%E6%B0%8F%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C" title="麴氏高昌">麴氏高昌</a></td> <td>501年－640年</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a></td> <td>581年—619年</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a></td> <td>618年－907年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="渤海國">渤海國</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="渤海人">渤海人</a></td> <td>698年－926年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="扶餘語系">扶余語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="通古斯语系">通古斯语系</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%BA%E9%9E%A8" title="靺鞨">靺鞨语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%8F" title="南诏">南诏</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%8F" title="白族">白族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F" title="彝族">彝族</a></td> <td>738年－937年</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%92%E4%B9%89%E5%86%9B" title="归义军">归义军</a></td> <td rowspan="3">漢族</td> <td>848年－1035年</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A5%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="馬楚">楚</a></td> <td>897年－951年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="後梁">梁</a></td> <td>907年－923年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="後唐">唐</a></td> <td rowspan="2">漢族<br />（皇室為漢化<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="沙陀">沙陀族</a>，後人融入漢族）</td> <td>923年－937年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%89" class="mw-redirect" title="後晉">晉</a></td> <td>936年－947年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E5%9B%BD" title="大理国">大理国</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%8F" title="白族">白族</a></td> <td>937年－1253年</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2" title="後漢">漢</a></td> <td>漢族<br />（皇室為漢化<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="沙陀">沙陀族</a>，後人融入漢族）</td> <td>947年－951年</td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%91%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="後周">周</a></td> <td rowspan="5">漢族</td> <td>951年－960年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%90%B4" title="杨吴">吳</a></td> <td>902年－937年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%9C%80" title="前蜀">蜀</a></td> <td>903年－925年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%B6%8A%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="吳越國">吳越國</a></td> <td>907年－978年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9_(%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="閩 (十國)">閩</a></td> <td>909年－945年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%98%97" title="于阗">于阗</a>（自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%89%E8%BF%9F%E5%83%A7%E4%B9%8C%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="尉迟僧乌波">尉迟僧乌波</a>起）</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%98%97" title="于阗">于阗族</a></td> <td>912年－1006年</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="遼朝">遼</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="契丹族">契丹族</a></td> <td>916年－1125年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="契丹語">契丹語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87" title="契丹文">契丹文</a>）、中古漢語 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="南漢">漢</a></td> <td rowspan="4">漢族</td> <td>917年－971年</td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%8A%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="荊南">南平國</a></td> <td>924年－963年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E8%9C%80" title="後蜀">蜀</a></td> <td>934年－965年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%94%90" title="南唐">唐</a></td> <td>937年－975年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="北漢">漢</a></td> <td>漢族<br />（皇室為漢化<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="沙陀">沙陀族</a>，後人融入漢族）</td> <td>951年－979年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a></td> <td>漢族</td> <td>960年－1279年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F" title="西夏">西夏</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%9A%E9%A0%85%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="党項族">党項族</a></td> <td>1038年－1227年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="西夏语">西夏語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%87" title="西夏文">西夏文</a>）、中古漢語 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="女真族">女真族</a></td> <td>1115年－1234年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="女真語">女真語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%96%87" title="女真文">女真文</a>）、中古漢語 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BD" title="西辽">西辽</a></td> <td>契丹族</td> <td>1124年－1218年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="契丹語">契丹語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87" title="契丹文">契丹文</a>）、中古漢語 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元</a></td> <td>漢族<br />（皇室為<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古族</a>）</td> <td>1271年–1368年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代漢語">近代漢語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古語">蒙古語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明</a></td> <td>漢族</td> <td>1368年－1644年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代漢語">近代漢語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a></td> <td>漢族<br />（皇室為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="滿族">滿族</a>）</td> <td>1616年－1912年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代漢語">近代漢語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="滿語">滿語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="英屬香港">英屬香港</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>、英國人 </td> <td>1841年-1941年<br />1945年-1997年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%A0%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大日本帝國香港占領地">大日本帝國香港占領地</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>、英國人<br />（統治者為<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="和族">和族</a>）</td> <td>1941年-1945年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="葡屬澳門">葡屬澳門</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%91%A1%E4%BA%BA" title="澳門土生葡人">土生葡人</a>、葡萄牙人</td> <td>1557年-1999年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="葡語">葡語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F)" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國 (大陸時期)">中華民國</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a><br /></td> <td>1912年－1949年（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国大陆时期">大陆时期</a>）1915年一1916年（洪宪帝制）<br />1949年－（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%BF%81%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国政府迁台">政府迁台</a>后）<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="現代漢語">現代漢語</a>（通用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中華民國國語">中華民國國語</a>，以及各種漢語方言） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD" title="满洲国">滿洲國</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和民族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">漢族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F" title="满族">滿族</a> </td> <td>1932年－1945年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="东北官话">滿洲語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F)" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國 (大陸時期)">中華民國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E7%B2%BE%E5%8D%AB%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="汪精卫政权">汪精衛政府</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">漢族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和民族</a> </td> <td>1940年－1945年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="現代漢語">現代漢語</a>（通用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中華民國國語">中華民國國語</a>，以及各種漢語方言） </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">漢族</a></td> <td>1949年－</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="現代漢語">現代漢語</a>（通用<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語官話">漢語官話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="吳語">吳語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="客家語">客家語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="湘語">湘語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1" title="廣西平話">平話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="徽语">徽語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="晉語">晉語</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語族">漢族語言</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="香港特別行政區">香港特別行政區</a> </td> <td>1997年－ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a> 、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="汉语普通话">汉语普通话</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="澳門特別行政區">澳門特別行政區</a></td> <td>1999年 -</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="葡語">葡語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a> 、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="汉语普通话">汉语普通话</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="臺灣"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3"></span>臺灣</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：臺灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="120">政權</th> <th width="180">主體民族</th> <th width="280">年代</th> <th width="280">语言文字 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣荷蘭統治時期">荷屬福爾摩沙</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="荷蘭人">荷蘭人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="臺灣原住民族">台灣原住民</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a> </td> <td>1624年－1662年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">漢語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣南島語言">台灣原住民語言</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%84%AD" title="明鄭">明鄭</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a> </td> <td>1661年－1683年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">漢語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B8%85%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣清治時期">清朝</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a><br />（皇室為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="滿族">滿族</a>）</td> <td>1683年－1895年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣閩南語">臺灣閩南語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣客家語">臺灣客家語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語官話">漢語官話</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="臺灣民主國">臺灣民主國</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a></td> <td>1895年－1895年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣閩南語">臺灣閩南語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣客家語">臺灣客家語</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣日治時期">日治臺灣</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和民族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="臺灣原住民族">台灣原住民</a></td> <td>1895年－1945年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日本語">日本語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣閩南語">臺灣閩南語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣客家語">臺灣客家語</a> ）等） </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣戰後時期">中華民國</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>（閩南人、客家人、外省人）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="臺灣原住民族">台灣原住民</a></td> <td>1912年－1949年(金馬地區大陸時期)<br />1945年－1949年(台澎地區大陸時期)<br />1950-(臺澎金馬時期)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a>、以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中華民國國語">中華民國國語</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="官方語言">官方語言</a>、其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣閩南語">臺灣閩南語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣客家語">臺灣客家語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E8%A9%B1" title="馬祖話">馬祖話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%9D%B5%E8%A9%B1" title="烏坵話">烏坵話</a> ）<br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣原住民族語">臺灣原住民族語</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E" title="排灣語">排灣語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%9B%85%E8%AA%9E" title="泰雅語">泰雅語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%8E%E8%AA%9E" title="阿美語">阿美語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%B2%E8%AA%9E" title="布農語">布農語</a>等） </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="本土四岛"><span id=".E6.9C.AC.E5.9C.9F.E5.9B.9B.E5.B2.9B"></span>本土四岛</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：本土四岛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="120">政權</th> <th width="180">主體民族</th> <th width="280">年代</th> <th width="280">语言文字 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%A9%E7%B4%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="繩紋時代">绳文时代</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA" title="繩文人">繩文人</a> </td> <td>前4世纪以前 </td> <td>未知（可能屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="彌生時代">彌生時代</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA" title="繩文人">繩文人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="彌生人">彌生人</a>（均為現代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和民族</a>的前身）</td> <td>前4世纪－3世紀</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="古墳時代">古墳時代</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和民族</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%A6%E5%A4%B7" title="蝦夷">毛人</a> </td> <td>3世紀－7世紀 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代">飛鳥時代</a></td> <td>592年－710年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良時代</a></td> <td>710年－794年 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="上古日語">上古日語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a><br />（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="平氏政權">平氏政權</a>） </td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和民族</a></td> <td>794年－1185年<br />（1167年－1185年） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="鎌倉幕府">鎌倉幕府</a></td> <td>1192年－1333年 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="中古日語">中古日語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%AD%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF" title="建武新政">建武新政</a></td> <td>1333年－1336年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%BA%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="室町幕府">室町幕府</a></td> <td>1338年－1573年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="安土桃山時代">安土桃山時代</a><br />（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="豐臣政權">豐臣政權</a>）</td> <td>1573年－1600年<br />（1590年－1600年） </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="近世日語">近代日語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a></td> <td>1600年－1868年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="蝦夷共和國">蝦夷共和國</a></td> <td>1868年－1869年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大日本帝國">大日本帝國</a></td> <td>1868年－1947年 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日本語</a>（現代日語） </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本"><img alt="日本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國">日本國</a></b></td> <td>1947年－ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="琉球"><span id=".E7.90.89.E7.90.83"></span>琉球</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：琉球"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="120">政權</th> <th width="180">主體民族</th> <th width="280">年代</th> <th width="280">语言文字 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%A5%96%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="英祖王朝">英祖王朝</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%97%8F" title="琉球族">琉球族</a></td> <td>1259年—1349年</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中山王國">中山國</a></td> <td>1314年—1429年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="南山王國">南山國</a></td> <td>1337年－1429年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="北山王國">北山國</a></td> <td>1322年－1416年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%A0%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="國頭語">國頭語</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ryukyu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Ryukyu.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ryukyu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Ryukyu.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ryukyu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Ryukyu.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ryukyu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="434" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球王國">琉球王國</a></td> <td>1329年－1879年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大日本帝國">大日本帝國</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%97%8F" title="琉球族">琉球族</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="大和族">大和族</a></td> <td>1879年－1945年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日本語">日本語</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="琉球列島美國軍政府">琉球列島美國軍政府</a></td> <td>1945年－1950年</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日本語">日本語</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="琉球列島美國民政府">琉球列島美國民政府</a></td> <td>1950年－1972年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本"><img alt="日本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國">日本國</a></b></td> <td>1972年－</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日本語">日本語</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="朝鲜半岛"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E9.B2.9C.E5.8D.8A.E5.B2.9B"></span>朝鲜半岛</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：朝鲜半岛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="120">政權</th> <th width="180">主體民族</th> <th width="280">年代</th> <th width="280">语言及文字 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%95%E5%AD%90%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="箕子朝鮮">箕子朝鮮</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%B7" title="东夷">東夷族</a></td> <td>前12世紀－前194年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%8A%E8%B2%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="濊貊語">濊貊語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%BB%BF%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="衛滿朝鮮">衛滿朝鮮</a></td> <td>前195年—前108年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%8A%E8%B2%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="濊貊語">濊貊語</a> <p>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="扶餘語系">扶余語系</a>） </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E5%9C%8B" title="扶餘國">扶餘國</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E4%BD%99%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="扶余人">扶餘人</a> </td> <td>前18年–494年</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="扶餘語系">扶余語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97" class="mw-redirect" title="高句麗">高句麗</a></td> <td>前37年－668年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%B5%8E%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="百济国">百濟國</a></td> <td>前18年－660年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="新羅國">新羅國</a> </td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="朝鲜民族">朝鮮民族</a></td> <td>前57年－935年 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="古朝鮮語">古朝鮮語</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-BP_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BP-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%99%BE%E6%BF%9F" title="後百濟">後百濟</a></td> <td>900年－936年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%B0%81%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰封國">泰封國</a></td> <td>899年 - 918年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_(Bong-gi).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg/22px-Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg/33px-Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg/44px-Royal_flag_of_Goryeo_%28Bong-gi%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%BD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="高丽国">高麗國</a></td> <td>918年－1392年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中世朝鮮語">中世朝鮮語</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-BP_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BP-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="519" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Korea_(1893).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Korea_%281893%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Korea_%281893%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Korea_%281893%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Korea_%281893%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Korea_%281893%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Korea_%281893%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="374" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮國">朝鮮國</a></td> <td>1392年－1897年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中世朝鮮語">中世朝鮮語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="近代朝鲜语">近代朝鮮語</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-BP_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BP-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Korea_(1899).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Korea_%281899%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國">大韓帝國</a></td> <td>1897年－1910年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="近代朝鲜语">近代朝鮮語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="朝鮮日治時期">日治朝鮮</a> </td> <td>朝鮮民族/<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和民族</a></td> <td>1910年－1945年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鮮語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国"><img alt="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜民主主义人民共和国</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="朝鲜民族">朝鮮民族</a></td> <td rowspan="2">1948年－ </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">現代朝鮮語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国"><img alt="大韩民国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="越南"><span id=".E8.B6.8A.E5.8D.97"></span>越南</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：越南"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>政權</th> <th>主體民族</th> <th>年代</th> <th>语言文字 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%B6%8A%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="南越國">南越國</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E6%97%8F" class="mw-disambig" title="越族">越</a><br />（王室為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="漢人">漢人</a>）</td> <td>前203年－前111年</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2#秦國與南越國" title="粵語歷史">古越語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8C%97%E5%B1%AC%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="越南第一次北屬時期">漢屬越南</a></td> <td>前111年－39年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%8C%97%E5%B1%AC%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="越南第二次北屬時期">晉屬越南</a></td> <td>43年－544年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%A9%86" title="占婆">占婆王國</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%97%8F" title="占族">占族</a></td> <td>137年－1832年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E8%AA%9E" title="占語">占語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%9D%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="前李朝">前李朝</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%8F" title="京族">京</a></td> <td>544年－602年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8C%97%E5%B1%AC%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="越南第三次北屬時期">唐屬越南</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E6%97%8F" class="mw-disambig" title="越族">越</a><br />（王室為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="漢人">漢人</a>）</td> <td>603年至939年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2#秦國與南越國" title="粵語歷史">古越語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E6%9C%9D" title="吳朝">吳朝</a></td> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%8F" title="京族">京</a></td> <td>938年－968年</td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E6%9C%9D" title="丁朝">丁朝</a></td> <td>968年－980年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%BB%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="前黎朝">前黎朝</a></td> <td>980年－1009年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%9C%9D_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="李朝 (越南)">李朝</a></td> <td>1009年－1225年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%9C%9D_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="陳朝 (越南)">陳朝</a></td> <td>1225年－1400年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%9C%9D" title="胡朝">胡朝</a></td> <td>1400年－1407年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E5%B1%AC%E6%98%8E%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="安南屬明時期">明屬越南</a></td> <td>1407年－1427年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代漢語">近代漢語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%99%B3%E6%9C%9D" title="後陳朝">後陳朝</a></td> <td>1407年－1413年</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%9C%9D" title="莫朝">莫朝</a></td> <td>1527年－1592年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%BB%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="後黎朝">後黎朝</a></td> <td>1531年－1789年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%B1%E6%9C%9D" title="西山朝">西山朝</a></td> <td>1778年－1802年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Long_tinh_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/22px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/33px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Long_tinh_flag.svg/44px-Long_tinh_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%9C%9D" title="阮朝">阮朝</a></td> <td>1802年－1945年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Colonial_Annam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3" title="法屬印度支那">法屬印度支那</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%8F" title="京族">京</a><br />（统治者<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%BA" title="法兰西人">法兰西人</a>）</td> <td>1887年－1954年</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_(1945).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Vietnam_%281945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="越南帝國">越南帝國</a></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%8F" title="京族">京</a></td> <td>1945年－1945年</td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931955).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281945%E2%80%931955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281945%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281945%E2%80%931955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281945%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281945%E2%80%931955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281945%E2%80%931955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="越南民主共和國">越南民主共和國</a>（北越）</td> <td>1945年－1976年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Cochinchina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%BB%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="南圻自治共和國">南圻自治共和國</a>（南圻）</td> <td>1946年－1949年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="越南共和國">越南共和國</a>（南越）</td> <td>1955年－1975年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FNL_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/FNL_Flag.svg/22px-FNL_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/FNL_Flag.svg/33px-FNL_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/FNL_Flag.svg/44px-FNL_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="越南南方共和國">越南南方共和國</a>（南越南）</td> <td>1967年－1976年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南"><img alt="越南" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="越南社會主義共和國">越南社會主義共和國</a></b></td> <td>1976年－ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82553231">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important;padding:0!important}}.mw-parser-output table.multicol{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top!important}</style> <div>   <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr> <td style="width: 50%;text-align: left;vertical-align: top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞史">東亞史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B" title="天下">天下</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="東洋">東洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJKV" class="mw-redirect" title="CJKV">CJKV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%AB%87" title="筆談">筆談</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td> <td style="width: 50%;text-align: left;vertical-align: top;"> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HanWaHanViet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/28px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/43px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/57px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="236" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:汉字文化圈">汉字文化圈主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="儒学">儒学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" title="小中華思想">小中華思想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="外王內帝">外王內帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="大中華地區">大中華地區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="中国皇帝">中国皇帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%90%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%9D%E8%B4%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="曾向中原王朝朝贡的政权列表">曾向中原王朝朝贡的政权列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%88" title="漢語圈">漢語圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="東方世界">東方世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="印度文化圈">印度文化圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%88" title="英语圈">英语圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="西方世界">西方世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="文化圈">文化圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="文化区">文化区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰文化圈">伊斯兰文化圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="东欧文化圈">东欧文化圈</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">原文：「<span lang="ja">東アジア世界論（冊封体制論）</span>」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1963年後，龜井孝也聲称是自己首次使用了「漢字文化圏」一詞。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">语出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BE%9C%E4%BA%95%E5%AD%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="龜井孝（页面不存在）">龜井孝</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%A4%E6%99%82%E5%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大藤時彦（页面不存在）">大藤時彦</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%8A%E9%9B%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山田俊雄（页面不存在）">山田俊雄</a>的《日本語の歴史２文字とのめぐりあい》（平凡社，1963年）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="中国共产党">中国共产党</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%9A%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="一党执政">一党执政</a>体制下的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0" title="中国共产党中央委员会总书记">中国共产党中央委员会总书记</a>地位在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="国家元首">国家元首</a>之上，权力也高于<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91" title="政府首脑">政府首脑</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" title="习近平">习近平</a>的头衔依官方次序为「中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮勞動黨">朝鮮勞動黨</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%9A%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="一党执政">一党执政</a>体制下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%85%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜劳动党委员长">朝鮮勞動黨委員長</a>地位在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="国家元首">国家元首</a>之上，权力也高于<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91" title="政府首脑">政府首脑</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A3%E6%81%A9" title="金正恩">金正恩</a>的头衔依官方次序为「朝鮮勞動黨總書記、朝鮮國務委員會委員長、朝鮮人民軍最高司令官」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">但这些文字的制字原理都受到了自汉字的影响，将其视为“模仿汉字”也并非不可能的。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">虽然所谓的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="韩文">韩文</a>不是来自于汉字，但注意，其<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="音节文字">音节文字</a>的特征显然受到了汉字的影响。再者，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="语言学家">语言学家</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%94%B0%E9%BE%99%E9%9B%84" title="西田龙雄">西田龙雄</a>指出，它可能是受<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="契丹文字">契丹文字</a>的启发。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">972年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%85%88%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="丁先皇">丁先皇</a>（丁部領）遣長子南越王丁璉訪宋。973年，宋朝遣使冊封丁先皇為「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E8%B6%BE" class="mw-disambig" title="交趾">交趾</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1%E7%8E%8B" title="郡王">郡王</a>」，封<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E7%92%89" title="丁璉">丁璉</a>為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E6%A0%A1" title="檢校">檢校</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="太師">太師</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E7%AF%80%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="靜海軍節度使">靜海軍節度使</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="安南都護">安南都護</a>」。 975年，宋朝遣使加授丁璉。977年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E6%9C%9D" title="丁朝">丁朝</a>遣使賀<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="宋太宗">宋太宗</a>即皇帝位。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">現藏於日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%B8%A3%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E3%80%81%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8" title="沖繩縣立博物館、美術館">沖繩縣立博物館、美術館</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="第二次国共内战">第二次国共内战</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="国民党">国民党</a>及其实际领导的中华民国政府战败，随后<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%BF%81%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国政府迁台">撤离至台湾地区</a>并实际治辖<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%BE%8E%E9%87%91%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="台澎金馬地區">台澎金馬地区</a>至今（其宪法增宪条款中定义这部分地区为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国自由地区">中华民国自由地区</a>）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">（<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a>並非<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">官方語言</a>之一且在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="沖繩縣">沖繩縣</a>已幾乎絕跡）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BP-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BP_48-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BP_48-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BP_48-2"><sup><b>12.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">書面語言均使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">漢語文言文</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第三共和國">法蘭西第三共和國</a>沒有王室。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%95%E7%BE%A4%E9%9B%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="何群雄（页面不存在）">何群雄</a> 著：《漢字在日本》頁174，香港：商務印書館，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9620714040" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 962-07-1404-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="ja"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uwazura.up.seesaa.net/image/89AA938791E498p.pdf">「漢字文化圏」とは</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="ja">この文の記述にあたっては林謙一郎「南詔・大理国の統治体制と支配」『東南アジア－歴史と文化－』28号、1999年、28-54ページを参考にした。</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-furuta-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-furuta_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%86%85%E6%98%8C%E4%B9%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山内昌之（页面不存在）">山内昌之</a>・<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%B0%E5%8D%9A%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古田博司（页面不存在）">古田博司</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jkcf.or.jp/history/second/4-02j.pdf">「近代日本における東アジア共通文化論の軌跡</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年12月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kikuchi-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kikuchi_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E6%B1%A0%E7%A7%80%E6%98%8E" title="菊池秀明">菊池秀明</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/china/pdfs/rekishi_kk_j-2.pdf">「日中の政治・社会構造の比較」</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110531200024/http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/china/pdfs/rekishi_kk_j-2.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）p8 （日中歷史共同研究報告書　p153）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《竹书纪年》:夏初"颁夏时于邦国"。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《論語》“颜渊问为邦。子曰: 行夏之时，乘殷之辂，服周之冕，乐则《韶》《舞》。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">李杜鉉，1974，《韓国民俗学概説》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《禮記·王制》：“六禮：冠、昏、喪、祭、鄉、相見。七教：父子、兄弟、夫婦、君臣、長幼、朋友、賓客。八政：飲食、衣服、事為、異別、度、量、數、制。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《禮記·內則》：“二十而冠，始學禮，可以衣裘帛。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《禮記·喪服小記》“男子冠而婦人笄。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《禮記·冠義》：“已冠而字之，成人之道也。見於母，母拜之；見於兄弟，兄弟拜之；成人而與為禮也。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">朝鮮《議政府請立勳親之嗣加冠從仕之法》：“ 冠禮, 依《文公家禮》十五歲; 從仕, 參酌古今, 十八歲時, 許令入仕。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">朝鮮《領議政河崙上嘉禮事宜》：“崙啓: “嘉禮時, 臨軒命使納采問名納吉納徵告期告廟等事, 令禮曹啓聞。” 上曰: “天子納后外, 不行此禮, 況諸侯納嬪媵乎!””</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="ja">東アジア文化圏</span>：「……<span lang="ja">冊封体制の原点たる封建制と華夷思想が成立し、周辺地域が中国文明の影響を受けて未開から文明へと移行し国家形成を始める。</span>……」（西嶋定生、總說、岩波講座世界歷史4）<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100128111030/http://www.tabiken.com/history/doc/P/P073R100.HTM">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-09-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabiken.com/history/doc/P/P073R100.HTM">原始内容</a>存档于2010-01-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabiken.com%2Fhistory%2Fdoc%2FP%2FP073R100.HTM&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cssn.cn/ysx/ysx_ysqs/201406/t20140606_1199586.shtml">漆艺：中国器物之美的传播</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210311055410/http://www.cssn.cn/ysx/ysx_ysqs/201406/t20140606_1199586.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）中国社会科学报</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.china.cn/huodong/2013-09/03/content_6267855.htm">钟声：韩国螺钿漆器发展与中国漆艺渊源考略</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218101923/http://art.china.cn/huodong/2013-09/03/content_6267855.htm">存档</a>于2020-12-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E9%92%9F%E5%A3%B0%EF%BC%9A%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E8%9E%BA%E9%92%BF%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%86%E8%89%BA%E6%B8%8A%E6%BA%90%E8%80%83%E7%95%A5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fart.china.cn%2Fhuodong%2F2013-09%2F03%2Fcontent_6267855.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305034122/http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpab200401/hpab200401_2_243.html#xb2080417">選定保存技術「雅楽管楽器製作修理」保持者　八幡暹昌</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpab200401/hpab200401_2_243.html#xb2080417">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E9%81%B8%E5%AE%9A%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E3%80%8C%E9%9B%85%E6%A5%BD%E7%AE%A1%E6%A5%BD%E5%99%A8%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E4%BF%AE%E7%90%86%E3%80%8D%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E8%80%85%E3%80%80%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%A1%E6%9A%B9%E6%98%8C&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mext.go.jp%2Fb_menu%2Fhakusho%2Fhtml%2Fhpab200401%2Fhpab200401_2_243.html%23xb2080417&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kogei-east.jp/shitsugei/">漆芸</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111062357/http://kogei-east.jp/shitsugei/">存档</a>于2020-11-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E6%BC%86%E8%8A%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkogei-east.jp%2Fshitsugei%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gojapan.jp/toku3/zsub01/index402.html">国指定伝統的工芸品の漆器</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311055427/https://www.gojapan.jp/toku3/zsub01/index402.html">存档</a>于2021-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%BC%9D%E7%B5%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E8%8A%B8%E5%93%81%E3%81%AE%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gojapan.jp%2Ftoku3%2Fzsub01%2Findex402.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dentoukougei.jp/tokyo/17.html">江戸簾（えどすだれ）</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311055433/https://www.dentoukougei.jp/tokyo/17.html">存档</a>于2021-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E7%B0%BE%EF%BC%88%E3%81%88%E3%81%A9%E3%81%99%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8C%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dentoukougei.jp%2Ftokyo%2F17.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.koto.lg.jp/sisetsu/13401/13483/15558.html">簾製作</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502221938/http://www.city.koto.lg.jp/sisetsu/13401/13483/15558.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2015-05-02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreana.or.kr/months/news_view.asp?b_idx=2779&lang=cn&page_type=list">第十九号重要非物质文化遗产传人金箔匠金德焕：五代相传的金箔工艺世家</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213144141/http://www.koreana.or.kr/months/news_view.asp?b_idx=2779&lang=cn&page_type=list">存档</a>于2014-12-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%8F%B7%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E9%9D%9E%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E4%BC%A0%E4%BA%BA%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E5%8C%A0%E9%87%91%E5%BE%B7%E7%84%95%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%A0%E7%9A%84%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreana.or.kr%2Fmonths%2Fnews_view.asp%3Fb_idx%3D2779%26lang%3Dcn%26page_type%3Dlist&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gojapan.jp/toku3/zsub01/index403.html">织物</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311055448/https://www.gojapan.jp/toku3/zsub01/index403.html">存档</a>于2021-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E7%BB%87%E7%89%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gojapan.jp%2Ftoku3%2Fzsub01%2Findex403.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dentoukougei.jp/tokyo/13.html">江戸つまみ簪（えどつまみかんざし）</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210213849/https://www.dentoukougei.jp/tokyo/13.html">存档</a>于2021-02-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%81%BF%E7%B0%AA%EF%BC%88%E3%81%88%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%81%BF%E3%81%8B%E3%82%93%E3%81%96%E3%81%97%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dentoukougei.jp%2Ftokyo%2F13.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bunka.nii.ac.jp/SearchDetail.do?heritageId=171125">青磁せいじ</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2020年7月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.wenweipo.com/2007/05/22/OT0705220006.htm">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-09-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811225615/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2007/05/22/OT0705220006.htm">存档</a>于2011-08-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2007%2F05%2F22%2FOT0705220006.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-漢字文化圈，能否重建？-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-漢字文化圈，能否重建？_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.wenweipo.com/2007/05/22/OT0705220006.htm">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-09-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811225615/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2007/05/22/OT0705220006.htm">存档</a>于2011-08-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2007%2F05%2F22%2FOT0705220006.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">朝鮮《仁祖實錄》：“<span lang="ko">오기는 왔습니다. 대체로 귀순한 노인（虜人）은 자기 양자인 모유견（毛有見）을 시켜 주관하도록 하고 곧바로 한복（漢服）을 갈아 입히기 때문에 사람들이 식별을 할 수가 없습니다.</span>”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">郑子确、实事惠秀理编校：《黄遵宪与日本友人笔谈遗稿》 (1968年) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">康有为、犬养毅笔谈记录，日本冈山县木堂纪念馆藏。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《志贺重昂与梁启超的笔谈》，载於《光明日报》1959年7月9日</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《与日本领事竹添进一笔谈节略》，光绪八年二月十二日，参见李鸿章:《议球案并呈竹添问答》“附件”,《李文忠公全书·译署函稿》卷13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070918213958/http://news.epochtimes.com.tw/7/3/17/50726.htm">南韓學者：「漢字盲」問題亟需改進</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-11-28</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.epochtimes.com.tw/7/3/17/50726.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E7%9B%B2%E3%80%8D%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E4%BA%9F%E9%9C%80%E6%94%B9%E9%80%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.epochtimes.com.tw%2F7%2F3%2F17%2F50726.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newcenturynews.com/Article/wenjiao/wenhua/200703/20070316214918.html">南韓學者：「漢字盲」問題亟需改進</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-11-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120912042138/http://www.newcenturynews.com/Article/wenjiao/wenhua/200703/20070316214918.html">存档</a>于2012-09-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8C%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E7%9B%B2%E3%80%8D%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E4%BA%9F%E9%9C%80%E6%94%B9%E9%80%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newcenturynews.com%2FArticle%2Fwenjiao%2Fwenhua%2F200703%2F20070316214918.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《印度支那物語》（<span lang="ja">インドシナ物語</span>），丸山静雄，講談社，昭和五十六年十月二十六日第一刷發行，ASIN: B000J7UJ4Q。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="中華百科全書">中華百科全書</a>》<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ap6.pccu.edu.tw/encyclopedia/data.asp?id=1367&nowpage=1">孔學與東方文化</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%89%BF%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="傳承字形">傳承字形</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">日本<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="舊字體">舊字體</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="方言字">方言字</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>官话 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="南京方言字">南京方言字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="四川方言字">四川方言字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="粵語字">粵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="閩語字">閩</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E9%96%A9%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="台閩漢字">台閩漢字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97" title="吴语字">吴</a></li> <li>客家话 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="客家話正音正字" data-lang-code="hak" data-lang-name="客家话" data-foreign-title="客家話正音正字"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="客家話正音正字（页面不存在）">客家話正音正字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">客家话</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97" class="extiw" title="hak:客家話正音正字"><span lang="hak" dir="auto">客家話正音正字</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣客家語書寫推薦用字">臺灣客家語書寫推薦用字</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中国大陆</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="简化字">简化字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%AE%80%E5%AD%97" title="二简字">二简字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8" title="通用规范汉字表">通用规范汉字表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%A8" title="古籍印刷通用字规范字形表">古籍印刷通用字规范字形表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">香港</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%A8" title="常用字字形表">常用字字形表</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">澳门</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳門漢字（页面不存在）">澳門漢字</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">台湾</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣漢字">臺灣漢字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%97%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="國字標準字體">國字標準字體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣台語推薦用字">臺灣台語推薦用字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣客家語書寫推薦用字">臺灣客家語書寫推薦用字</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">新加坡</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="新加坡漢字">新加坡漢字</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">日本</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">日本汉字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="和制汉字">和制漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="舊字體">旧字体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="新字体">新字体</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">琉球</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="琉球漢字">琉球漢字</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">朝鲜半岛</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">朝鲜漢字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%97" title="韩国国字">朝鲜國字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%94%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢文教育用基礎漢字">漢文教育用基礎漢字</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">越南</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%97" title="儒字">儒字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="語言圈" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="荷蘭語地理分佈">荷語圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%88" title="英语圈">英语圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83" title="法语地理分布">法語圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="德語地理分佈">德語圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="意大利語地理分佈">意語圈</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬其頓語地理分布" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geographical distribution of the Macedonian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬其頓語地理分布（页面不存在）">馬其頓語圈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_the_Macedonian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Geographical distribution of the Macedonian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geographical distribution of the Macedonian language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波蘭語地理分布" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geographical distribution of Polish speakers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波蘭語地理分布（页面不存在）">波蘭語圈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Polish_speakers" class="extiw" title="en:Geographical distribution of Polish speakers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geographical distribution of Polish speakers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%88" title="葡萄牙語圈">葡萄牙語圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="俄語地理分佈">俄語圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%88" title="西班牙語圈">西班牙語圈</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="烏克蘭語地理分布" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geographical distribution of Ukrainian speakers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏克蘭語地理分布（页面不存在）">烏克蘭語圈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Ukrainian_speakers" class="extiw" title="en:Geographical distribution of Ukrainian speakers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geographical distribution of Ukrainian speakers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=漢字文化圈&oldid=85108759">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=漢字文化圈&oldid=85108759</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="Category:東亞文化圈">東亞文化圈</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a 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