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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ferrari" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ferrari" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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id="toc-Under_Enzo_Ferrari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_Enzo_Ferrari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Under Enzo Ferrari </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_Enzo_Ferrari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Motorsport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Motorsport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grand_Prix_and_Formula_One_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grand_Prix_and_Formula_One_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Grand Prix and Formula One racing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grand_Prix_and_Formula_One_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ferrari_Driver_Academy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferrari_Driver_Academy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Ferrari Driver Academy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferrari_Driver_Academy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_car_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_car_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Sports car racing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_car_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_disciplines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_disciplines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Other disciplines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_disciplines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_cars_for_other_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_cars_for_other_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Race cars for other teams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_cars_for_other_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Road cars </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Road_cars-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Road cars subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Road_cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Current models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Customisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Big_5"_supercars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Big_5"_supercars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 "Big 5" supercars </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Big_5"_supercars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concept_cars_and_specials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concept_cars_and_specials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Concept cars and specials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concept_cars_and_specials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ferrari_Special_Projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferrari_Special_Projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Ferrari Special Projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferrari_Special_Projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bio-fuel_and_hybrid_cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bio-fuel_and_hybrid_cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Bio-fuel and hybrid cars </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bio-fuel_and_hybrid_cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming_conventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming_conventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Naming conventions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming_conventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Identity </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Identity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Identity subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_"Prancing_Horse"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"Prancing_Horse""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 The "Prancing Horse" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"Prancing_Horse"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Colour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Brand image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formula_Uomo_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formula_Uomo_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Formula Uomo programme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formula_Uomo_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Technical partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sales_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Sales history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sales_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recalls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recalls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Recalls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recalls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stores_and_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stores_and_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Stores and attractions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stores_and_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 General references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ferrari</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" > 89 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="فيراري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيراري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Ֆեռարի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆեռարի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فراری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فراری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="ফেরারি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফেরারি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ферари – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ферари" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فراری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فراری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_(entreprise)" title="Ferrari (entreprise) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ferrari (entreprise)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_(comhlacht)" title="Ferrari (comhlacht) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ferrari (comhlacht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC" title="페라리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페라리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Ֆերրարի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆերրարի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="फेरारी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फेरारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99" title="פרארי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרארי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_(konpayi)" title="Ferrari (konpayi) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ferrari (konpayi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ферари – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ферари" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ഫെറാറി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫെറാറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="فيرارى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيرارى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Феррари – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Феррари" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE" title="ဖာရာရီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖာရာရီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_(automerk)" title="Ferrari (automerk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ferrari (automerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA" title="フェラーリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェラーリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فراری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فراری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="فيراري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فيراري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فێراری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فێراری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="பெராரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெராரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88" title="เฟอร์รารี่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟอร์รารี่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فراری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فراری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9" title="法拉利 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法拉利" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9" title="法拉利 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法拉利" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ferrari" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" title="法拉利汽車 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法拉利汽車" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27586#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2>This is an accepted version of this page</div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Special:Badtitle/Message">reviewed</a> on 20 November 2024.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the automobile manufacturer. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ferrari (disambiguation)">Ferrari (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ferraris" redirects here. For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Ferraris_(surname)" title="Ferraris (surname)">Ferraris (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Ferrari S.p.A.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Prancing_horse.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Prancing_horse.svg/80px-Prancing_horse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Prancing_horse.svg/120px-Prancing_horse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Prancing_horse.svg/160px-Prancing_horse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="372" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%89%8D_(36309429124).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%89%8D_%2836309429124%29.jpg/250px-%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%89%8D_%2836309429124%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%89%8D_%2836309429124%29.jpg/375px-%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%89%8D_%2836309429124%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%89%8D_%2836309429124%29.jpg/500px-%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%89%8D_%2836309429124%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a>, Italy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a> (<a href="/wiki/S.p.A." class="mw-redirect" title="S.p.A.">S.p.A.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">BIT</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.borsaitaliana.it/borsa/azioni/scheda/NL0011585146.html?lang=en">RACE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:RACE">RACE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_MIB" title="FTSE MIB">FTSE MIB</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/Euro_Stoxx_50" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro Stoxx 50">Euro Stoxx 50</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">NL0011585146 <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27586?uselang=en#P946" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">13 September 1939; 85 years ago (1939-09-13) in <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, Italy (as Auto Avio Costruzioni)<a href="#cite_note-history-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (<a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">seat</a>)</li></ul></div><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ferrari&params=44.532447_N_10.864137_E_">44°31′57″N 10°51′51″E / 44.532447°N 10.864137°E / 44.532447; 10.864137</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Elkann" title="John Elkann">John Elkann</a> (Executive Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Ferrari" title="Piero Ferrari">Piero Ferrari</a> (Vice Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Vigna" title="Benedetto Vigna">Benedetto Vigna</a> (CEO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">luxury cars</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production output</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 13,663 units shipped (2023)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>5.970 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>1.617 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a> 1.257 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a> 8.05 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a> 3.07 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exor_(company)" title="Exor (company)">Exor N.V.</a> (24.65%)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Ferrari" title="Piero Ferrari">Piero Ferrari</a> (10.48%)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackRock,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="BlackRock, Inc.">BlackRock, Inc.</a> (6.07%)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_float" title="Public float">Public</a> (58.8%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4,988 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ferrari.com">www.ferrari.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-AR23-3">[3]</a> <a href="#cite_note-AR21-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Ferrari S.p.A. (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/fəˈrɑːri/</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Italian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ferˈraːri]</a>) is an Italian luxury <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> manufacturer based in <a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a>. Founded in 1939 by <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a> (1898–1988), the company built <a href="/wiki/Auto_Avio_Costruzioni_815" title="Auto Avio Costruzioni 815">its first car</a> in 1940, adopted its current name in 1945, and began to produce its current line of road cars in 1947. Ferrari became a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a> in 1960, and from 1963 to 2014 it was a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Fiat_S.p.A." title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat S.p.A.</a> It was <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">spun off</a> from Fiat's successor entity, <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">Fiat Chrysler Automobiles</a>, in 2016. The company currently offers a large model range which includes several <a href="/wiki/Supercar" title="Supercar">supercars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">grand tourers</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a>. Many early Ferraris, dating to the 1950s and 1960s, count among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cars_sold_at_auction" title="List of most expensive cars sold at auction">most expensive cars ever sold at auction</a>. Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">racing</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>, where its team, <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a>, is the series' single oldest and most successful. Scuderia Ferrari has raced since 1929, first in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motor_racing" title="Grand Prix motor racing">Grand Prix events</a> and later in Formula One, where since 1952 it has fielded fifteen <a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">champion drivers</a>, won sixteen <a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Constructors%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions">Constructors' Championships</a>, and accumulated more race victories, 1–2 finishes, podiums, pole positions, fastest laps and points than any other team in F1 history.<a href="#cite_note-F1Wins-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miles-8">[8]</a> Historically, Ferrari was also highly active in <a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">sports car racing</a>, where its cars took many wins in races such as the <a href="/wiki/Mille_Miglia" title="Mille Miglia">Mille Miglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Targa_Florio" title="Targa Florio">Targa Florio</a> and <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a>, as well as several overall victories in the <a href="/wiki/World_Sportscar_Championship" title="World Sportscar Championship">World Sportscar Championship</a>. Scuderia Ferrari fans, commonly called <a href="/wiki/Tifosi#Formula_One" title="Tifosi">tifosi</a>, are known for their passion and loyalty to the team. Ferrari is one of the world's strongest <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brands</a>, and it maintains a brand image built around racing heritage, luxury, and exclusivity. As of May 2023, Ferrari is also one of the largest car manufacturers by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Market capitalisation">market capitalisation</a>, with a value of approximately US$85.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ferrari" title="History of Ferrari">History of Ferrari</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1934-07-01_French_GP_Alfa_P3_Varzi_Chiron-WINNER_Trossi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1934-07-01_French_GP_Alfa_P3_Varzi_Chiron-WINNER_Trossi.jpg/220px-1934-07-01_French_GP_Alfa_P3_Varzi_Chiron-WINNER_Trossi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1934-07-01_French_GP_Alfa_P3_Varzi_Chiron-WINNER_Trossi.jpg/330px-1934-07-01_French_GP_Alfa_P3_Varzi_Chiron-WINNER_Trossi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1934-07-01_French_GP_Alfa_P3_Varzi_Chiron-WINNER_Trossi.jpg/440px-1934-07-01_French_GP_Alfa_P3_Varzi_Chiron-WINNER_Trossi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Three Scuderia Ferrari cars in 1934, all <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_P3" title="Alfa Romeo P3">Alfa Romeo P3s</a>. Drivers, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Achille_Varzi" title="Achille Varzi">Achille Varzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Chiron" title="Louis Chiron">Louis Chiron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Felice_Trossi" title="Carlo Felice Trossi">Carlo Felice Trossi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a>, formerly a salesman and racing driver for <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo" title="Alfa Romeo">Alfa Romeo</a>, founded <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a>, a racing team, in 1929. Originally intended to service <a href="/wiki/Gentleman_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentleman driver">gentleman drivers</a> and other amateur racers, Alfa Romeo's withdrawal from racing in 1933, combined with Enzo's connections within the company, turned Scuderia Ferrari into its unofficial representative on the track.<a href="#cite_note-LudvigsenDec2021-10">[10]</a> Alfa Romeo supplied racing cars to Ferrari, who eventually amassed some of the best drivers of the 1930s and won many races before the team's liquidation in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-LudvigsenDec2021-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aversa-11">[11]</a>: 43  Late in 1937, Scuderia Ferrari was liquidated and absorbed into Alfa Romeo,<a href="#cite_note-LudvigsenDec2021-10">[10]</a> but Enzo's disagreements with upper management caused him to leave in 1939. He used his settlement to found his own company, where he intended to produce his own cars. He called the company "Auto Avio Costruzioni", and headquartered it in the facilities of the old Scuderia Ferrari;<a href="#cite_note-history-1">[1]</a> due to a <a href="/wiki/Noncompete_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Noncompete agreement">noncompete agreement</a> with Alfa Romeo, the company could not use the Ferrari name for another four years. The company produced a single car, the <a href="/wiki/Auto_Avio_Costruzioni_815" title="Auto Avio Costruzioni 815">Auto Avio Costruzioni 815</a>, which participated in only one race before the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. During the war, Enzo's company produced aircraft engines and machine tools for the Italian military; the contracts for these goods were lucrative, and provided the new company with a great deal of capital. In 1943, under threat of Allied bombing raids, the company's factory was moved to <a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a>. Though the new facility was nonetheless bombed twice, Ferrari remains in Maranello to this day.<a href="#cite_note-history-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aversa-11">[11]</a>: 45–47 <a href="#cite_note-LudvigsenJul2021-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Enzo_Ferrari">Under Enzo Ferrari</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Under Enzo Ferrari">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1960s_Maranello_making_cars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1960s_Maranello_making_cars.jpg/220px-1960s_Maranello_making_cars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1960s_Maranello_making_cars.jpg/330px-1960s_Maranello_making_cars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1960s_Maranello_making_cars.jpg/440px-1960s_Maranello_making_cars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2013" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption>Ferrari's factory in the early 1960s: everything in its production line was handmade by <a href="/wiki/Machinist" title="Machinist">machinists</a>, who followed technical drawings with extreme precision.<a href="#cite_note-Baime-13">[13]</a> Much of this work is now done by <a href="/wiki/Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">industrial robots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1945, Ferrari adopted its current name. Work started promptly on <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Colombo_engine" title="Ferrari Colombo engine">a new V12 engine</a> that would power the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_S" title="Ferrari 125 S">125 S</a>, which was the marque's first car, and many subsequent Ferraris. The company saw success in motorsport almost as soon as it began racing: the 125 S won many races in 1947,<a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen2010-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and several early victories, including the <a href="/wiki/1949_24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="1949 24 Hours of Le Mans">1949 24 Hours of Le Mans</a> and 1951 <a href="/wiki/Carrera_Panamericana" title="Carrera Panamericana">Carrera Panamericana</a>, helped build Ferrari's reputation as a high-quality automaker.<a href="#cite_note-Lamm-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-LudvigsenJul2019-18">[18]</a> Ferrari won several more races in the coming years,<a href="#cite_note-F1Wins-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Havelock-19">[19]</a> and early in the 1950s its road cars were already a favourite of the international elite.<a href="#cite_note-Massini-20">[20]</a> Ferrari produced many families of interrelated cars, including the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America" title="Ferrari America">America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Monza" title="Ferrari Monza">Monza</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250" title="Ferrari 250">250</a> series, and the company's first <a href="/wiki/Series-produced" class="mw-redirect" title="Series-produced">series-produced</a> car was the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Coup%C3%A9" title="Ferrari 250 GT Coupé">250 GT Coupé</a>, beginning in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-TraverAdolphus-21">[21]</a> In 1960, Ferrari was reorganized as a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a>. It soon began searching for a business partner to handle its manufacturing operations: it first approached <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> in 1963, though negotiations fell through; later talks with <a href="/wiki/Fiat_S.p.A." title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat</a>, who bought 50% of Ferrari's shares in 1969, were more successful.<a href="#cite_note-Summers-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-MaranParker-23">[23]</a> In the second half of the decade, Ferrari also produced two cars that upended its more traditional models: the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Dino_206_GT" class="mw-redirect" title="Dino 206 GT">Dino 206 GT</a>, which was its first mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Mid-engined" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-engined">mid-engined</a> road car,<a href="#cite_note-26">[a]</a> and the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona" title="Ferrari Daytona">365 GTB/4</a>, which possessed streamlined styling that modernised Ferrari's design language.<a href="#cite_note-Stone-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Branch_2020-28">[27]</a> The Dino in particular was a decisive movement away from the company's conservative engineering approach, where every road-going Ferrari featured a <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a> engine placed <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">in the front of the car</a>, and it presaged Ferrari's full embrace of mid-engine architecture, as well as <a href="/wiki/V6" class="mw-redirect" title="V6">V6</a> and <a href="/wiki/V8" class="mw-redirect" title="V8">V8</a> engines, in the 1970s and 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Stone-27">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contemporary">edit</a>]</div> Enzo Ferrari died in 1988, an event that saw Fiat expand its stake to 90%.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> The last car that he personally approved—the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F40" title="Ferrari F40">F40</a>—expanded on the flagship <a href="/wiki/Supercar" title="Supercar">supercar</a> approach first tried by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_288_GTO" title="Ferrari 288 GTO">288 GTO</a> four years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-Barlow-30">[29]</a> Enzo was replaced in 1991 by <a href="/wiki/Luca_Cordero_di_Montezemolo" title="Luca Cordero di Montezemolo">Luca Cordero di Montezemolo</a>, under whose 23-year-long chairmanship the company greatly expanded. Between 1991 and 2014, he increased the profitability of Ferrari's road cars nearly tenfold, both by increasing the range of cars offered and through limiting the total number produced. Montezemolo's chairmanship also saw an expansion in licensing deals, a drastic improvement in Ferrari's Formula One performance (not least through the hiring of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schumacher" title="Michael Schumacher">Michael Schumacher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Todt" title="Jean Todt">Jean Todt</a>), and the production of three more flagship cars: the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F50" title="Ferrari F50">F50</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Enzo" title="Ferrari Enzo">Enzo</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/LaFerrari" title="LaFerrari">LaFerrari</a>. In addition to his leadership of Ferrari, Montezemolo was also the chairman of Fiat proper between 2004 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Shea-31">[30]</a> After Montezemolo resigned, he was replaced in quick succession by many new chairmen and CEOs. He was succeeded first by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Marchionne" title="Sergio Marchionne">Sergio Marchionne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Shea-31">[30]</a> who would oversee Ferrari's <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">spin-off</a> from <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">Fiat Chrysler Automobiles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> and then by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Camilleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Camilleri">Louis Camilleri</a> as CEO and <a href="/wiki/John_Elkann" title="John Elkann">John Elkann</a> as chairman.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Beginning in 2021, Camilleri was replaced as CEO by <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Vigna" title="Benedetto Vigna">Benedetto Vigna</a>, who has announced plans to develop Ferrari's first fully electric model.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> During this period, Ferrari has expanded its production, owing to a global increase in wealth, while becoming more selective with its licensing deals.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motorsport">Motorsport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Motorsport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a complete list of Ferrari racing cars, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ferrari_competition_cars" title="List of Ferrari competition cars">List of Ferrari competition cars</a>.</div> Since the company's beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport. Through its <a href="/wiki/Factory-backed" title="Factory-backed">works team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a>, it has competed in a range of categories including <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">sports car racing</a>, though the company has also worked in partnership with other teams. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grand_Prix_and_Formula_One_racing">Grand Prix and Formula One racing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grand Prix and Formula One racing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_racing_history_of_Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Grand Prix racing history of Scuderia Ferrari">Grand Prix racing history of Scuderia Ferrari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Grand_Prix_results" title="Ferrari Grand Prix results">Ferrari Grand Prix results</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Schumacher_Ferrari_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Michael_Schumacher_Ferrari_2004.jpg/220px-Michael_Schumacher_Ferrari_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Michael_Schumacher_Ferrari_2004.jpg/330px-Michael_Schumacher_Ferrari_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Michael_Schumacher_Ferrari_2004.jpg/440px-Michael_Schumacher_Ferrari_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F2004" title="Ferrari F2004">Ferrari F2004</a> Formula One car, driven by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schumacher" title="Michael Schumacher">Michael Schumacher</a>. Schumacher is one of the most decorated drivers in F1 history.</figcaption></figure> The earliest Ferrari entity, <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a>, was created in 1929—ten years before the founding of Ferrari proper—as a <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prix racing">Grand Prix racing</a> team. It was affiliated with automaker <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo" title="Alfa Romeo">Alfa Romeo</a>, for whom Enzo had worked in the 1920s. Alfa Romeo supplied racing cars to Ferrari, which the team then tuned and adjusted to their desired specifications. Scuderia Ferrari was highly successful in the 1930s: between 1929 and 1937 the team fielded such top drivers as <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ascari" title="Antonio Ascari">Antonio Ascari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Campari" title="Giuseppe Campari">Giuseppe Campari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tazio_Nuvolari" title="Tazio Nuvolari">Tazio Nuvolari</a>, and won 144 out of its 225 races.<a href="#cite_note-Aversa-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-LudvigsenDec2021-10">[10]</a> Ferrari returned to Grand Prix racing in 1947, which was at that point metamorphosing into modern-day Formula One. The team's first homebuilt Grand Prix car, the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_F1" title="Ferrari 125 F1">125 F1</a>, was first raced at the <a href="/wiki/1948_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1948 Italian Grand Prix">1948 Italian Grand Prix</a>, where its encouraging performance convinced Enzo to continue the company's costly Grand Prix racing programme.<a href="#cite_note-Acerbi2006-38">[37]</a>: 9  Ferrari's first victory in an F1 series was at the <a href="/wiki/1951_British_Grand_Prix" title="1951 British Grand Prix">1951 British Grand Prix</a>, heralding its strong performance during the 1950s and early 1960s: between 1952 and 1964, the team took home six <a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">World Drivers' Championships</a> and one <a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Constructors%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions">Constructors' Championship</a>. Notable Ferrari drivers from this era include <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Ascari" title="Alberto Ascari">Alberto Ascari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Fangio" title="Juan Manuel Fangio">Juan Manuel Fangio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hill" title="Phil Hill">Phil Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Surtees" title="John Surtees">John Surtees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-F1Wins-7">[7]</a> Ferrari's initial fortunes ran dry after 1964, and its began to receive its titles in isolated sprees.<a href="#cite_note-Miles-8">[8]</a> Ferrari first started to slip in the late 1960s, when it was outclassed by teams using the inexpensive, well-engineered <a href="/wiki/Cosworth_DFV" title="Cosworth DFV">Cosworth DFV</a> engine.<a href="#cite_note-MacKenzie-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerould-40">[39]</a> The team's performance improved markedly in the mid-1970s thanks to <a href="/wiki/Niki_Lauda" title="Niki Lauda">Niki Lauda</a>, whose skill behind the wheel granted Ferrari a drivers' title in 1975 and 1977; similar success was accomplished in following years by the likes of <a href="/wiki/Jody_Scheckter" title="Jody Scheckter">Jody Scheckter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Villeneuve" title="Gilles Villeneuve">Gilles Villeneuve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miles-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> The team also won the Constructors' Championship in 1982 and 1983.<a href="#cite_note-F1Wins-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> Following another drought in the 1980s and 1990s, Ferrari saw a long winning streak in the 2000s, largely through the work of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schumacher" title="Michael Schumacher">Michael Schumacher</a>. After signing onto the team in 1996, Schumacher gave Ferrari five consecutive drivers' titles between 2000 and 2004; this was accompanied by six consecutive constructors' titles, beginning in 1999. Ferrari was especially dominant in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Formula_One_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Formula One season">2004 season</a>, where it lost only three races.<a href="#cite_note-F1Wins-7">[7]</a> After Schumacher's departure, Ferrari won one more drivers' title—given in 2007 to <a href="/wiki/Kimi_R%C3%A4ikk%C3%B6nen" title="Kimi Räikkönen">Kimi Räikkönen</a>—and two constructors' titles in 2007 and 2008. These are the team's most recent titles to date; as of late, Ferrari has struggled to outdo recently ascendant teams such as <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes-Benz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-F1Wins-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miles-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ferrari_Driver_Academy">Ferrari Driver Academy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ferrari Driver Academy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Driver_Academy" title="Ferrari Driver Academy">Ferrari Driver Academy</a></div> Ferrari's junior driver programme is the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Driver_Academy" title="Ferrari Driver Academy">Ferrari Driver Academy</a>. Begun in 2009, the initiative follows the team's successful grooming of <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Massa" title="Felipe Massa">Felipe Massa</a> between 2003 and 2006. Drivers who are accepted into the Academy learn the rules and history of formula racing as they compete, with Ferrari's support, in feeder classes such as <a href="/wiki/Formula_Three" title="Formula Three">Formula Three</a> and <a href="/wiki/Formula_4" title="Formula 4">Formula 4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDAF1-45">[44]</a> As of 2019, 5 out of 18 programme inductees had graduated and become F1 drivers: one of these drivers, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Leclerc" title="Charles Leclerc">Charles Leclerc</a>, came to race for Scuderia Ferrari, while the other four signed to other teams. Non-graduate drivers have participated in racing development, filled consultant roles, or left the Academy to continue racing in lower-tier formulae.<a href="#cite_note-FDAF1-45">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_car_racing">Sports car racing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sports car racing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1973-05-27_Jacky_Ickx,_Ferrari_312P.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1973-05-27_Jacky_Ickx%2C_Ferrari_312P.jpg/220px-1973-05-27_Jacky_Ickx%2C_Ferrari_312P.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1973-05-27_Jacky_Ickx%2C_Ferrari_312P.jpg/330px-1973-05-27_Jacky_Ickx%2C_Ferrari_312P.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1973-05-27_Jacky_Ickx%2C_Ferrari_312P.jpg/440px-1973-05-27_Jacky_Ickx%2C_Ferrari_312P.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="1553" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_312_PB" title="Ferrari 312 PB">312 P</a>, driven by <a href="/wiki/Jacky_Ickx" title="Jacky Ickx">Jacky Ickx</a>, during Ferrari's final year in the <a href="/wiki/World_Sportscar_Championship" title="World Sportscar Championship">World Sportscar Championship</a></figcaption></figure> Aside from <a href="/wiki/Auto_Avio_Costruzioni_815" title="Auto Avio Costruzioni 815">an abortive effort</a> in 1940, Ferrari began racing sports cars in 1947, when the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_S" title="Ferrari 125 S">125 S</a> won six out of the ten races it participated in. <a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen2010-15">[15]</a> Ferrari continued to see similar luck in the years to follow: by 1957, just ten years after beginning to compete, Ferrari had won three <a href="/wiki/World_Sportscar_Championship" title="World Sportscar Championship">World Sportscar Championships</a>, seven victories in the <a href="/wiki/Mille_Miglia" title="Mille Miglia">Mille Miglia</a>, and two victories at the <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a>, among many other races<a href="#cite_note-Havelock-19">[19]</a> These races were ideal environments for the development and promotion of Ferrari's earlier road cars, which were broadly similar to their racing counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> This luck continued into the first half of the 1960s, when Ferrari won the WSC's 2000GT class three consecutive times and finished first at Le Mans for six consecutive years.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fearnley-48">[47]</a> Its winning streak at Le Mans was broken <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ferrari#Racing_rivalry" title="History of Ferrari">by Ford</a> in 1966,<a href="#cite_note-Fearnley-48">[47]</a> and though Ferrari would win two more WSC titles—one <a href="/wiki/1967_World_Sportscar_Championship" title="1967 World Sportscar Championship">in 1967</a> and another <a href="/wiki/1972_World_Sportscar_Championship_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 World Sportscar Championship season">in 1972</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a>—poor revenue allocation, combined with languishing performance in Formula One, led the company to cease competing in sports car events in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-MaranParker-23">[23]</a>: 621  From that point onward, Ferrari would help prepare sports racing cars for privateer teams, but would not race them itself.<a href="#cite_note-Pritchard-51">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_6_Hours_of_Spa-Francorchamps_Ferrari_AF_Corse_Ferrari_499P_No.51_(DSC09249).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/2023_6_Hours_of_Spa-Francorchamps_Ferrari_AF_Corse_Ferrari_499P_No.51_%28DSC09249%29.jpg/220px-2023_6_Hours_of_Spa-Francorchamps_Ferrari_AF_Corse_Ferrari_499P_No.51_%28DSC09249%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/2023_6_Hours_of_Spa-Francorchamps_Ferrari_AF_Corse_Ferrari_499P_No.51_%28DSC09249%29.jpg/330px-2023_6_Hours_of_Spa-Francorchamps_Ferrari_AF_Corse_Ferrari_499P_No.51_%28DSC09249%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/2023_6_Hours_of_Spa-Francorchamps_Ferrari_AF_Corse_Ferrari_499P_No.51_%28DSC09249%29.jpg/440px-2023_6_Hours_of_Spa-Francorchamps_Ferrari_AF_Corse_Ferrari_499P_No.51_%28DSC09249%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5199" data-file-height="2926" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_499P" title="Ferrari 499P">Ferrari 499P</a> No. 51 at the <a href="/wiki/2023_6_Hours_of_Spa-Francorchamps" title="2023 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps">2023 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps</a></figcaption></figure> In 2023, Ferrari reentered prototype sports car racing. For the <a href="/wiki/2023_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship" title="2023 FIA World Endurance Championship">2023 FIA World Endurance Championship</a>, Ferrari, in partnership with <a href="/wiki/AF_Corse" title="AF Corse">AF Corse</a>, fielded two <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_499P" title="Ferrari 499P">499P</a> sports prototypes. To commemorate the company's return to the discipline, one of the cars was numbered "50", referencing the fifty years that had elapsed since a works Ferrari competed in an endurance race.<a href="#cite_note-AFCLMH-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ferrari499PUnveil-53">[52]</a> The 499P finished first at the <a href="/wiki/2023_24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="2023 24 Hours of Le Mans">2023 24 Hours of Le Mans</a>, ending <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Gazoo_Racing" title="Toyota Gazoo Racing">Toyota Gazoo Racing</a>'s five-year winning streak there and becoming the first Ferrari in 58 years to win the race.<a href="#cite_note-DeMattia-54">[53]</a> Ferrari repeated this feat at the <a href="/wiki/2024_24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="2024 24 Hours of Le Mans">2024 24 Hours of Le Mans</a>, marking its first consecutive victory at the race since 1965.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_disciplines">Other disciplines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other disciplines">edit</a>]</div> From 1932 to 1935 Scuderia Ferrari operated a <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_racing" title="Motorcycle racing">motorcycle racing</a> division, which was conceived as a way to scout and train future Grand Prix drivers. Instead of Italian motorcycles, the team used British ones manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Norton_Motorcycle_Company" title="Norton Motorcycle Company">Norton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudge-Whitworth" title="Rudge-Whitworth">Rudge</a>. Though Ferrari was successful on two wheels, winning three national titles and 44 overall victories, it was eventually pushed out of the discipline both by the obsolescence of pushrod motorcycle engines and broader economic troubles stemming from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Ferrari formerly participated in a variety of non-F1 open-wheel series. As early as 1948, Ferrari had developed cars for <a href="/wiki/Formula_Two" title="Formula Two">Formula Two</a> and <a href="/wiki/Formula_Libre" title="Formula Libre">Formula Libre</a> events,<a href="#cite_note-MuseoFangio-59">[58]</a> and the company's F2 programme led directly to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Dino_engine" title="Ferrari Dino engine">Dino engine</a>, which came to power various racing and road Ferraris.<a href="#cite_note-Stone-27">[26]</a> The final non-F1 formula in which Ferrari competed was the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Series" title="Tasman Series">Tasman Series</a>, wherein <a href="/wiki/Chris_Amon" title="Chris Amon">Chris Amon</a> won the 1969 championship in a <a href="/wiki/Dino_246_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Dino 246 Tasmania">Dino 246 Tasmania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> At least two <a href="/wiki/Water_speed_record" title="Water speed record">water speed record</a> boats have utilized Ferrari powertrains, both of them 800kg-class <a href="/wiki/Hydroplane_(boat)" title="Hydroplane (boat)">hydroplanes</a> from the early 1950s. Neither boat was built by or affiliated with Ferrari, though one of them, <a href="/wiki/Arno_XI" title="Arno XI">Arno XI</a>, had its engine order approved directly by Enzo Ferrari. Arno XI still holds the top speed record for an 800kg hydroplane.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Since 2019, Scuderia Ferrari has participated in <a href="/wiki/Sim_racing" title="Sim racing">sim racing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_cars_for_other_teams">Race cars for other teams</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Race cars for other teams">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ferrari" title="Special:EditPage/Ferrari">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ferrari%22">"Ferrari"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ferrari%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ferrari%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ferrari%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ferrari%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ferrari%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (October 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to other entrants, aside from its own works <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a> team. In the 1950s and 1960s, Ferrari supplied Formula One cars to a number of private entrants and other teams. One famous example was <a href="/wiki/Tony_Vandervell" title="Tony Vandervell">Tony Vandervell</a>'s team, which raced the <a href="/wiki/Thinwall_Special" class="mw-redirect" title="Thinwall Special">Thinwall Special</a> modified Ferraris before building their own <a href="/wiki/Vanwall" title="Vanwall">Vanwall</a> cars. The <a href="/wiki/North_American_Racing_Team" title="North American Racing Team">North American Racing Team</a>'s entries in the final three rounds of the 1969 season were the last occasions on which a team other than Scuderia Ferrari entered a World Championship Grand Prix with a Ferrari car.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the <a href="/wiki/A1_Grand_Prix" title="A1 Grand Prix">A1 Grand Prix</a> series, from the 2008–2009 season.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/A1GP_Powered_by_Ferrari_car" title="A1GP Powered by Ferrari car">car</a> was designed by Rory Byrne and is styled to resemble the 2004 Ferrari Formula one car. Ferrari currently runs a customer GT program for a racing version of its <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458" title="Ferrari 458">458</a> and has done so for the 458's predecessors, dating back to the 355 in the late 1990s. Such private teams as the American <a href="/wiki/Risi_Competizione" title="Risi Competizione">Risi Competizione</a> and Italian <a href="/wiki/AF_Corse" title="AF Corse">AF Corse</a> teams have been very successful with Ferrari GT racers over the years. This car, made for endurance sportscar racing to compete against such racing versions of the <a href="/wiki/Audi_R8" title="Audi R8">Audi R8</a>, <a href="/wiki/McLaren_MP4-12C" class="mw-redirect" title="McLaren MP4-12C">McLaren MP4-12C</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BMW_Z4_(E89)" title="BMW Z4 (E89)">BMW Z4 (E89)</a> has proven to be successful, but not as successful as its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430" title="Ferrari F430">F430</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Challenge" title="Ferrari Challenge">Ferrari Challenge</a> is a one-make racing series for the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458" title="Ferrari 458">Ferrari 458</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FXX" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari FXX">FXX</a> is not road legal and is therefore only used for track events. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Road_cars">Road cars</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Road cars">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a complete list, including future and concept car models, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ferrari_road_cars" title="List of Ferrari road cars">List of Ferrari road cars</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ferrari" title="Special:EditPage/Ferrari">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">spinning off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia" title="Wikipedia:Handling trivia">relocating</a> any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>. (September 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1947_Ferrari_166_Inter_Touring_Berlinetta_0043S_-_fvl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1947_Ferrari_166_Inter_Touring_Berlinetta_0043S_-_fvl.jpg/220px-1947_Ferrari_166_Inter_Touring_Berlinetta_0043S_-_fvl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1947_Ferrari_166_Inter_Touring_Berlinetta_0043S_-_fvl.jpg/330px-1947_Ferrari_166_Inter_Touring_Berlinetta_0043S_-_fvl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1947_Ferrari_166_Inter_Touring_Berlinetta_0043S_-_fvl.jpg/440px-1947_Ferrari_166_Inter_Touring_Berlinetta_0043S_-_fvl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_Inter" title="Ferrari 166 Inter">166 Inter</a> Touring Berlinetta</figcaption></figure> The first vehicle made with the Ferrari name was the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_S" title="Ferrari 125 S">125 S</a>. Only two of this small two-seat sports/racing V12 car were made. In 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_Inter" title="Ferrari 166 Inter">166 Inter</a> was introduced marking the company's significant move into the grand touring road car market. The first 166 Inter was a four-seat (2+2) <a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">berlinetta</a> coupe with body work designed by <a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Touring_Superleggera" title="Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera">Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera</a>. Road cars quickly became the bulk of Ferrari sales. The early Ferrari road cars typically featured bodywork designed and customised by independent <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder" title="Coachbuilder">coachbuilders</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Vignale" title="Vignale">Vignale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Touring" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrozzeria Touring">Touring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghia">Ghia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Scaglietti" title="Carrozzeria Scaglietti">Scaglietti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone" title="Gruppo Bertone">Bertone</a>. The original Ferrari road cars were typically two-seat front-engined V12s. This platform served Ferrari well through the 1950s and 1960s. In 1967, the V6 powered <a href="/wiki/Dino_206_GT_and_246_GT" title="Dino 206 GT and 246 GT">Dino 206 GT</a> was introduced as the first production rear mid-engined car built by Ferrari. The 206 GT was sold under the lower cost <a href="/wiki/Dino_(marque)" title="Dino (marque)">Dino</a> marque, named after Enzo Ferrari's late son, and sold in greater numbers than any previous Ferrari model. The first rear mid-engine model to be sold under the Ferrari name came in 1973 with the <a href="/wiki/Flat-12_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat-12 engine">flat 12</a> powered <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Berlinetta_Boxer" title="Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer">Berlinetta Boxer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> This rear mid-engine layout would go on to be used in many Ferraris continuing into the present day. Current Ferrari road cars typically use V8 or V12 engines, with V8 models making up over half of the marque's total production. For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely related to the 308 GTB.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The company has also produced several front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the recent V12 model <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GTC4Lusso" title="Ferrari GTC4Lusso">Lusso</a> and V8 models <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Roma" title="Ferrari Roma">Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Portofino" title="Ferrari Portofino">Portofino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GTC4Lusso" title="Ferrari GTC4Lusso">Lusso T</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_California" title="Ferrari California">California</a> is credited with initiating the popular current model line of V8 front-engined 2+2 grand touring performance sports cars.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Starting in the early 2010s with the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_LaFerrari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari LaFerrari">LaFerrari</a>, Ferrari shifted its focus away from using independent coachbuilders, most notably <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a>, to instead relying on in-house design from the Centro Stile Ferrari for the design of all its road cars. The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12" title="Ferrari F12">Ferrari F12</a> was the last Ferrari production model to feature Pininfarina design, although Ferrari has stated that they will continue to collaborate with Pininfarina on special projects.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_SF90_Stradale" title="Ferrari SF90 Stradale">Ferrari SF90 Stradale</a> is the first-ever Ferrari to feature PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) architecture which sees the internal combustion engine integrated with three electric motors, two of which are independent and located on the front axle, with the third at the rear between the engine and the gearbox.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_models">Current models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Current models">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 90%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Model </th> <th>Calendar year introduced </th> <th>Vehicle description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Red_2019_Ferrari_SF90_Stradale_(48264238897)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Red_2019_Ferrari_SF90_Stradale_%2848264238897%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Red_2019_Ferrari_SF90_Stradale_%2848264238897%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Red_2019_Ferrari_SF90_Stradale_%2848264238897%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Red_2019_Ferrari_SF90_Stradale_%2848264238897%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Red_2019_Ferrari_SF90_Stradale_%2848264238897%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Red_2019_Ferrari_SF90_Stradale_%2848264238897%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2594" data-file-height="1334" /></a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_SF90_Stradale" title="Ferrari SF90 Stradale">SF90 Stradale</a> </th> <td>2019 </td> <td>Mid-engine, <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in hybrid</a> <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> sports car. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_Roma_IMG_5355.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ferrari_Roma_IMG_5355.jpg/200px-Ferrari_Roma_IMG_5355.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ferrari_Roma_IMG_5355.jpg/300px-Ferrari_Roma_IMG_5355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ferrari_Roma_IMG_5355.jpg/400px-Ferrari_Roma_IMG_5355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4865" data-file-height="2281" /></a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Roma" title="Ferrari Roma">Roma</a> </th> <td>2020 </td> <td>Front mid-engine, <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> grand tourer. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_296_GTB_1X7A6377.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ferrari_296_GTB_1X7A6377.jpg/200px-Ferrari_296_GTB_1X7A6377.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ferrari_296_GTB_1X7A6377.jpg/300px-Ferrari_296_GTB_1X7A6377.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ferrari_296_GTB_1X7A6377.jpg/400px-Ferrari_296_GTB_1X7A6377.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5908" data-file-height="2946" /></a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_296_GTB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 296 GTB">296 GTB</a> </th> <td>2022 </td> <td>Mid-engine, plug-in hybrid <a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> sports car. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_Daytona_SP3_front_side_at_CF_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ferrari_Daytona_SP3_front_side_at_CF_2022.jpg/200px-Ferrari_Daytona_SP3_front_side_at_CF_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ferrari_Daytona_SP3_front_side_at_CF_2022.jpg/300px-Ferrari_Daytona_SP3_front_side_at_CF_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ferrari_Daytona_SP3_front_side_at_CF_2022.jpg/400px-Ferrari_Daytona_SP3_front_side_at_CF_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona_SP3" title="Ferrari Daytona SP3">Daytona SP3</a> </th> <td>2022 </td> <td>Limited production mid-engine sports car, part of the Icona series. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_Purosangue_IMG_9554.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ferrari_Purosangue_IMG_9554.jpg/199px-Ferrari_Purosangue_IMG_9554.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ferrari_Purosangue_IMG_9554.jpg/299px-Ferrari_Purosangue_IMG_9554.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ferrari_Purosangue_IMG_9554.jpg/398px-Ferrari_Purosangue_IMG_9554.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5004" data-file-height="2795" /></a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Purosangue" title="Ferrari Purosangue">Purosangue</a> </th> <td>2022 </td> <td>Ferrari's first SUV, front mid-engine, <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a> 4-door vehicle. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_12Cilindri_at_Maranello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ferrari_12Cilindri_at_Maranello.jpg/200px-Ferrari_12Cilindri_at_Maranello.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ferrari_12Cilindri_at_Maranello.jpg/300px-Ferrari_12Cilindri_at_Maranello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ferrari_12Cilindri_at_Maranello.jpg/400px-Ferrari_12Cilindri_at_Maranello.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1112" /></a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_12Cilindri" title="Ferrari 12Cilindri">12Cilindri</a> </th> <td>2024 </td> <td>Front mid-engine, <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a> grand tourer. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_F80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ferrari_F80.jpg/200px-Ferrari_F80.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ferrari_F80.jpg/300px-Ferrari_F80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ferrari_F80.jpg/400px-Ferrari_F80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="1998" /></a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F80" title="Ferrari F80">F80</a> </th> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">hybrid</a> sports car, Successor to the <a href="/wiki/LaFerrari" title="LaFerrari">LaFerrari</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customisation">Customisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Customisation">edit</a>]</div> In the 1950s and 1960s, clients often personalized their vehicles as they came straight from the factory.<a href="#cite_note-Lingeman-69">[68]</a> This philosophy added to the mystique of the brand at the time. Every Ferrari that came out of Maranello could be built to an individual customer's specification. Ferrari formalized this concept with its earlier Carrozzeria Scaglietti programme. The options offered here were more typical such as racing seats, rearview cameras, and other special trim. In late 2011, Ferrari announced a significant update of this philosophy. The Tailor Made programme allows clients to work with designers in Maranello to make decisions at every step of the process. Through this program almost any trim, any exterior colour or any interior material is possible. The program carries on the original tradition and emphasizes the idea of each car being unique.<a href="#cite_note-Lingeman-69">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Big_5"_supercars">"Big 5" supercars</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Big 5" supercars">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_Enzo_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_(1)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ferrari_Enzo_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ferrari_Enzo_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ferrari_Enzo_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ferrari_Enzo_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ferrari_Enzo_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ferrari_Enzo_-_Flickr_-_Alexandre_Pr%C3%A9vot_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2831" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzo Ferrari (automobile)">Enzo Ferrari</a></figcaption></figure> The 1984 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_288_GTO" title="Ferrari 288 GTO">288 GTO</a> is considered by some to be the first in the line of Ferrari flagship "supercars". This pedigree is considered to extend through the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F40" title="Ferrari F40">F40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F50" title="Ferrari F50">F50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Enzo" title="Ferrari Enzo">Enzo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/LaFerrari" title="LaFerrari">LaFerrari</a>. These are sometimes referred to by collectors as the "Big 5".<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concept_cars_and_specials">Concept cars and specials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Concept cars and specials">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1980_Ferrari_Pinin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1980_Ferrari_Pinin.jpg/220px-1980_Ferrari_Pinin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1980_Ferrari_Pinin.jpg/330px-1980_Ferrari_Pinin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1980_Ferrari_Pinin.jpg/440px-1980_Ferrari_Pinin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="2198" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Pinin" title="Ferrari Pinin">Ferrari Pinin</a></figcaption></figure> Ferrari has produced a handful of <a href="/wiki/Concept_car" title="Concept car">concept cars</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Modulo" title="Ferrari Modulo">Modulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Mythos" title="Ferrari Mythos">Mythos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Pinin" title="Ferrari Pinin">Pinin</a>. Some of these were quite radical and never intended for production, while others showed styling elements that were later incorporated into production models. Most of Ferrari's concept cars have been collaborations with design studio <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a>. The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari themselves was the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Millechili" title="Ferrari Millechili">Millechili</a>. A number of <a href="/wiki/One-off" class="mw-redirect" title="One-off">one-off</a> special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced, commissioned to <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder" title="Coachbuilder">coachbuilders</a> by wealthy owners. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_P4/5_by_Pininfarina" title="Ferrari P4/5 by Pininfarina">P4/5</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_612_Kappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 612 Kappa">612 Kappa</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ferrari_Special_Projects">Ferrari Special Projects</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ferrari Special Projects">edit</a>]</div> The Special Projects programme, also called the Portfolio Coachbuilding Programme, was launched in 2008 as a way to revive the tradition of past one-off and limited production coachbuilt Ferrari models, allowing clients to work with Ferrari and top Italian coachbuilders to create bespoke bodied models based on modern Ferrari road cars.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-autoblog_p540-74">[73]</a> Engineering and design is done by Ferrari, sometimes in cooperation with external design houses such as <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fioravanti_(automotive)" title="Fioravanti (automotive)">Fioravanti</a>, and the vehicles receive full <a href="/wiki/Homologation" title="Homologation">homologation</a> to be road legal.<a href="#cite_note-autoblog_p540-74">[73]</a> Since the creation of Ferrari's in-house styling centre in 2010 though, the focus has shifted away somewhat from outside coachbuilders and more towards creating new in-house designs for clients.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> The first car to be completed under this programme was the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_SP1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari SP1">SP1</a>, commissioned by a Japanese business executive. The second was the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta">P540 Superfast Aperta</a>, commissioned by an American collector.<a href="#cite_note-autoblog_p540-74">[73]</a> The following is a list of Special Projects cars that have been made public: <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Picture</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Based on</th> <th style="line-height:1.3em;">Commissioned by</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430#SP1" title="Ferrari F430">SP1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_SP1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ferrari_SP1.jpg/120px-Ferrari_SP1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ferrari_SP1.jpg/180px-Ferrari_SP1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ferrari_SP1.jpg/240px-Ferrari_SP1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> </td> <td>2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430" title="Ferrari F430">F430</a><a href="#cite_note-carbody_sp1-77">[76]</a> </td> <td>Junichiro Hiramatsu<a href="#cite_note-carbody_sp1-77">[76]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Fioravanti_(engineer)" title="Leonardo Fioravanti (engineer)">Leonardo Fioravanti</a>, inspired by the 1998 F100 concept by Fioravanti.<a href="#cite_note-carbody_sp1-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta">P540 Superfast Aperta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta.jpg/120px-Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta.jpg/180px-Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta.jpg/240px-Ferrari_P540_Superfast_Aperta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> </td> <td>2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599_GTB_Fiorano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano">599 GTB</a><a href="#cite_note-C&D_p540-78">[77]</a> </td> <td>Edward Walson<a href="#cite_note-C&D_p540-78">[77]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Inspired by a similarly gold-painted and open-topped one-off built by <a href="/wiki/Medardo_Fantuzzi" title="Medardo Fantuzzi">Carrozzeria Fantuzzi</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_330#330_LMB" title="Ferrari 330">Ferrari 330 LMB</a> chassis.<a href="#cite_note-autoblog_p540-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-C&D_p540-78">[77]</a> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Superamerica_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari Superamerica 45">Superamerica 45</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ferrari_Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg/120px-Ferrari_Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ferrari_Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg/180px-Ferrari_Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ferrari_Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg/240px-Ferrari_Superamerica_45_in_Villa_Erba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a> </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599_GTB_Fiorano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano">599 GTB</a><a href="#cite_note-autoweek_sa45-79">[78]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kalikow" title="Peter Kalikow">Peter Kalikow</a><a href="#cite_note-autoweek_sa45-79">[78]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Features a rotating <a href="/wiki/Targa_top" title="Targa top">targa top</a>;<a href="#cite_note-autoweek_sa45-79">[78]</a> designed by Ferrari Styling Centre. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_SP12_EC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari SP12 EC">SP12 EC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:FerrariSP12EC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FerrariSP12EC.jpg/120px-FerrariSP12EC.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FerrariSP12EC.jpg/180px-FerrariSP12EC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FerrariSP12EC.jpg/240px-FerrariSP12EC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458" title="Ferrari 458">458 Italia</a><a href="#cite_note-autoweek_sp12-80">[79]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a><a href="#cite_note-autoweek_sp12-80">[79]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by Ferrari Styling Centre and <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a>, in homage to the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Berlinetta_Boxer" title="Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer">512 BB</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autoweek_sp12-80">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599#SP30" title="Ferrari 599">SP30</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_SP30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ferrari_SP30.jpg/120px-Ferrari_SP30.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ferrari_SP30.jpg/180px-Ferrari_SP30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ferrari_SP30.jpg/240px-Ferrari_SP30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td> <td>2013<a href="#cite_note-carbody_arya-81">[80]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599_GTO" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 599 GTO">599 GTO</a><a href="#cite_note-carbody_arya-81">[80]</a> </td> <td>Cheerag Arya<a href="#cite_note-carbody_arya-81">[80]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by Ferrari Styling Centre. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FF#SP_FFX" title="Ferrari FF">SP FFX</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_SP_FFX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ferrari_SP_FFX.jpg/120px-Ferrari_SP_FFX.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ferrari_SP_FFX.jpg/180px-Ferrari_SP_FFX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ferrari_SP_FFX.jpg/240px-Ferrari_SP_FFX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FF" title="Ferrari FF">FF</a><a href="#cite_note-cavallino_ffx-82">[81]</a> </td> <td>Shin Okamoto<a href="#cite_note-cavallino_ffx-82">[81]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cavallino_ffx-82">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12#F12_TRS" title="Ferrari F12">F12 TRS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Festival_automobile_international_2015_-_Ferrari_F12_TRS_-_007_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Festival_automobile_international_2015_-_Ferrari_F12_TRS_-_007_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Festival_automobile_international_2015_-_Ferrari_F12_TRS_-_007_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Festival_automobile_international_2015_-_Ferrari_F12_TRS_-_007_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Festival_automobile_international_2015_-_Ferrari_F12_TRS_-_007_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Festival_automobile_international_2015_-_Ferrari_F12_TRS_-_007_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Festival_automobile_international_2015_-_Ferrari_F12_TRS_-_007_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5304" data-file-height="2851" /></a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12berlinetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari F12berlinetta">F12berlinetta</a><a href="#cite_note-autoblog_trs-83">[82]</a> </td> <td>Sam Li<a href="#cite_note-rossoautomobili-84">[83]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Barchetta" title="Barchetta">Barchetta</a> body, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_Testa_Rossa" title="Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa">Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa</a>. Designed by Ferrari Styling Centre.<a href="#cite_note-autoblog_trs-83">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12#SP_America" title="Ferrari F12">SP America</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_SP_America_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ferrari_SP_America_front.jpg/120px-Ferrari_SP_America_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ferrari_SP_America_front.jpg/180px-Ferrari_SP_America_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ferrari_SP_America_front.jpg/240px-Ferrari_SP_America_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12berlinetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari F12berlinetta">F12berlinetta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danny_Wegman" class="mw-redirect" title="Danny Wegman">Danny Wegman</a><a href="#cite_note-sp_america-85">[84]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458#458_MM_Speciale_(2016)" title="Ferrari 458">458 MM Speciale</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:FoS20162016_0624_132509AA_(27809762691).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FoS20162016_0624_132509AA_%2827809762691%29.jpg/120px-FoS20162016_0624_132509AA_%2827809762691%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FoS20162016_0624_132509AA_%2827809762691%29.jpg/180px-FoS20162016_0624_132509AA_%2827809762691%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FoS20162016_0624_132509AA_%2827809762691%29.jpg/240px-FoS20162016_0624_132509AA_%2827809762691%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2357" data-file-height="909" /></a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458_Speciale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 458 Speciale">458 Speciale</a><a href="#cite_note-autoblog_mm_speciale-86">[85]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by Ferrari Styling Centre.<a href="#cite_note-autoblog_mm_speciale-86">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12#SP275_RW_Competizione" title="Ferrari F12">SP275 RW Competizione</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_SP275_RW_Competizione.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ferrari_SP275_RW_Competizione.jpg/120px-Ferrari_SP275_RW_Competizione.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ferrari_SP275_RW_Competizione.jpg/180px-Ferrari_SP275_RW_Competizione.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ferrari_SP275_RW_Competizione.jpg/240px-Ferrari_SP275_RW_Competizione.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12berlinetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari F12berlinetta">F12tdf</a> </td> <td>Rick Workman<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Inspired by the 1964 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_275_GTB/C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 275 GTB/C">275 GTB/C</a> Speciale. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a> in collaboration with Ferrari Styling Centre.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12" title="Ferrari F12">GScinquanta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image_3x4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/120px-No_image_3x4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/180px-No_image_3x4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/240px-No_image_3x4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="150" /></a> </td> <td>2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12berlinetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari F12berlinetta">F12tdf</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-rossoautomobili-84">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488#J50" title="Ferrari 488">J50</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:J50_at_London_Design_Museum_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/J50_at_London_Design_Museum_2018.jpg/120px-J50_at_London_Design_Museum_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/J50_at_London_Design_Museum_2018.jpg/180px-J50_at_London_Design_Museum_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/J50_at_London_Design_Museum_2018.jpg/240px-J50_at_London_Design_Museum_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5165" data-file-height="3443" /></a> </td> <td>2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488#Ferrari_488_Spider" title="Ferrari 488">488 Spider</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by Ferrari Design Center team in Maranello directed by Flavio Manzoni.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488#SP38_Deborah" title="Ferrari 488">SP38</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_SP38.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ferrari_SP38.jpg/120px-Ferrari_SP38.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ferrari_SP38.jpg/180px-Ferrari_SP38.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ferrari_SP38.jpg/240px-Ferrari_SP38.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4954" data-file-height="3303" /></a> </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488_GTB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 488 GTB">488 GTB</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F40" title="Ferrari F40">F40</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_308_GTB/GTS" title="Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS">308</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12#SP3JC" title="Ferrari F12">SP3JC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_SP3JC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ferrari_SP3JC.jpg/120px-Ferrari_SP3JC.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ferrari_SP3JC.jpg/180px-Ferrari_SP3JC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ferrari_SP3JC.jpg/240px-Ferrari_SP3JC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2111" /></a> </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12berlinetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari F12berlinetta">F12tdf</a> </td> <td>John Collins<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by the Ferrari Styling Centre. Two matching cars ordered, one in <a href="/wiki/Left_hand_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Left hand drive">LHD</a>, the other in <a href="/wiki/Right_hand_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Right hand drive">RHD</a> with different liveries.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Took 3.5 years to complete. Presented in 2018. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488#P80/C" title="Ferrari 488">P80/C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_P80_C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ferrari_P80_C.jpg/120px-Ferrari_P80_C.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ferrari_P80_C.jpg/180px-Ferrari_P80_C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ferrari_P80_C.jpg/240px-Ferrari_P80_C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3265" data-file-height="2180" /></a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488#488_GT3" title="Ferrari 488">488 GT3</a> </td> <td>TK Mak<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">One-off track-only car inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_P#330_P3" title="Ferrari P">330 P3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_P#330_P4" title="Ferrari P">330 P4</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dino_206_GT_and_246_GT#Dino_206_GT" title="Dino 206 GT and 246 GT">Dino 206 S</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_812_Superfast#Omologata" title="Ferrari 812 Superfast">Omologata</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_Omologata_side.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ferrari_Omologata_side.png/120px-Ferrari_Omologata_side.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ferrari_Omologata_side.png/180px-Ferrari_Omologata_side.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Ferrari_Omologata_side.png/240px-Ferrari_Omologata_side.png 2x" data-file-width="2308" data-file-height="1275" /></a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_812_Superfast" title="Ferrari 812 Superfast">812 Superfast</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Designed by Ferrari Design Center team in Maranello directed by <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Manzoni" title="Flavio Manzoni">Flavio Manzoni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GTC4Lusso#BR20" title="Ferrari GTC4Lusso">BR20</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image_3x4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/120px-No_image_3x4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/180px-No_image_3x4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/240px-No_image_3x4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="150" /></a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GTC4Lusso" title="Ferrari GTC4Lusso">GTC4Lusso</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Fastback coupé instead of a shooting brake. Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_410_Superamerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 410 Superamerica">410 Superamerica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_500_Superfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 500 Superfast">500 Superfast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F8#SP48_Unica" title="Ferrari F8">SP48 Unica</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image_3x4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/120px-No_image_3x4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/180px-No_image_3x4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/240px-No_image_3x4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="150" /></a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F8" title="Ferrari F8">F8 Tributo</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_812_Superfast#SP51" title="Ferrari 812 Superfast">SP51</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image_3x4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/120px-No_image_3x4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/180px-No_image_3x4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/No_image_3x4.svg/240px-No_image_3x4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="150" /></a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_812_Superfast" title="Ferrari 812 Superfast">812 GTS</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488#KC23" title="Ferrari 488">KC23</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:2023_Ferrari_KC23_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2023_Ferrari_KC23_1.jpg/120px-2023_Ferrari_KC23_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2023_Ferrari_KC23_1.jpg/180px-2023_Ferrari_KC23_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2023_Ferrari_KC23_1.jpg/240px-2023_Ferrari_KC23_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2229" data-file-height="1224" /></a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488#488_GT3" title="Ferrari 488">488 GT3 Evo</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F8#SP-8" title="Ferrari F8">SP-8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Goodwood_edited-40_(53863134251).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Goodwood_edited-40_%2853863134251%29.jpg/120px-Goodwood_edited-40_%2853863134251%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Goodwood_edited-40_%2853863134251%29.jpg/180px-Goodwood_edited-40_%2853863134251%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Goodwood_edited-40_%2853863134251%29.jpg/240px-Goodwood_edited-40_%2853863134251%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F8" title="Ferrari F8">F8</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bio-fuel_and_hybrid_cars">Bio-fuel and hybrid cars</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bio-fuel and hybrid cars">edit</a>]</div> An <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430" title="Ferrari F430">F430 Spider</a> that runs on <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> was displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Auto_Show#2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Auto Show">2008 Detroit Auto Show</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show#2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Motor Show">2010 Geneva Motor Show</a>, Ferrari unveiled a hybrid version of their flagship <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599_GTB_Fiorano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano">599</a>. Called the "HY-KERS Concept", Ferrari's hybrid system adds more than 100 horsepower on top of the 599 Fiorano's 612 hp.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> Also in mid-2014, the flagship <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_LaFerrari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari LaFerrari">LaFerrari</a> was put into production featuring a hybrid system. Ferrari introduced their first <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in hybrid (PHEV)</a> model in 2019 with the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_SF90_Stradale" title="Ferrari SF90 Stradale">SF90 Stradale</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_296" title="Ferrari 296">296</a> in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naming_conventions">Naming conventions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Naming conventions">edit</a>]</div> From the beginning, the Ferrari naming convention consisted of a three-digit unitary displacement of an engine cylinder with an additional suffix representing the purpose of a vehicle. Therefore, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_S" title="Ferrari 125 S">Ferrari 125 S</a> had 1.5 L (1,496.77 cc) V12 engine with a unitary displacement of 124.73 cc; whilst S-suffix represented Sport. Other race cars also received names invoking particular races such as <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_MM" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 166 MM">Ferrari 166 MM</a> for Mille Miglia. With the introduction of road-going models, the suffix Inter was added, inspired by the Scuderia Inter racing team of Igor Troubetzkoy. Popular at that time <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166" title="Ferrari 166">166</a>-series had 2.0 L (1,995.02 cc) engines with 166.25 cc of unitary displacement and a very diverse <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250" title="Ferrari 250">250</a>-series had 3.0 L (2,953.21 cc) of total displacement and 246.10 cc of unitary. Later series of road cars were renamed Europa and top-of-the-line series America and Superamerica. Until the early 1990s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on <a href="/wiki/Engine_displacement" title="Engine displacement">engine displacement</a> and a number of cylinders: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Dino_engine" title="Ferrari Dino engine">V6 and V8</a> models used the total displacement (in decilitres) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Dino" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari Dino">206</a> was a 2.0 L V6 powered vehicle, while the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_348" title="Ferrari 348">348</a> used a 3.4 L V8, although, for the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F355" title="Ferrari F355">F355</a>, the last digit refers to 5 valves per cylinder. Upon introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360" title="Ferrari 360">360</a> Modena, the digits for V8 models (which now carried a name as well as a number) refer only to total engine displacement. The numerical indication aspect of this name carried on to the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430" title="Ferrari F430">F430</a>; the F430's replacement, the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458_Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 458 Italia">458 Italia</a>, uses the same naming as the 206 and 348. The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488" title="Ferrari 488">488</a> uses the system formerly used by the V12 cars.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a> models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder. Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4,390 cc (268 cu in) V12. However, some newer V12-engined Ferraris, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599_GTB_Fiorano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano">599</a>, have three-number designations that refer only to total engine displacement or boxer-style designations such as the [nominally] six-litre, V12 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_612" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 612">612</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat 12</a> models used the displacement in litres for the first digit and the number of cylinders for the next two digits. Therefore, the 512 BB was five-litre flat 12 (a Berlinetta Boxer, in this case). However, the original Berlinetta Boxer was the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365_GT4/BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 365 GT4/BB">365 GT4 BB</a>, which was named in a similar manner to the V12 models.</li> <li>Flagship models (aka "halo cars") use the letter F followed by the anniversary in years, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F40" title="Ferrari F40">F40</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F50" title="Ferrari F50">F50</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzo Ferrari (car)">Enzo</a> skipped this rule, although the F60 name was applied to a Ferrari Formula One car and is sometimes attached to the Enzo.</li> <li>Some models, such as the 1980 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Mondial" title="Ferrari Mondial">Mondial</a> and 1984 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa" title="Ferrari Testarossa">Testarossa</a> did not follow a three-number naming scheme.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1963_Ferrari_250_GTO_(chassis_4153GT)_2.95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/1963_Ferrari_250_GTO_%28chassis_4153GT%29_2.95.jpg/220px-1963_Ferrari_250_GTO_%28chassis_4153GT%29_2.95.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/1963_Ferrari_250_GTO_%28chassis_4153GT%29_2.95.jpg/330px-1963_Ferrari_250_GTO_%28chassis_4153GT%29_2.95.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/1963_Ferrari_250_GTO_%28chassis_4153GT%29_2.95.jpg/440px-1963_Ferrari_250_GTO_%28chassis_4153GT%29_2.95.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2510" data-file-height="1325" /></a><figcaption>1963 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GTO" title="Ferrari 250 GTO">Ferrari 250 GTO</a></figcaption></figure> Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general, the following conventions were used: <ul><li>M ("Modificata"), placed at the end of a model's number, denotes a modified version of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa#F512_M" title="Ferrari Testarossa">F512 M</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_575M_Maranello" title="Ferrari 575M Maranello">575 M Maranello</a>).</li> <li>GTB ("Gran Turismo Berlinetta") models are closed <a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinettas</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupés</a>.</li> <li>GTS ("Gran Turismo Scoperta") this suffix can be seen in older spiders, or <a href="/wiki/Convertible_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertible (car)">convertibles</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona#365_GTB/4_and_GTS/4" title="Ferrari Daytona">365 GTS/4</a>). Now the convertible models use the suffix <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">"Spider"</a> (spelt "i") (see <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F355" title="Ferrari F355">F355 Spider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360#Spider" title="Ferrari 360">360 Spider</a>). In more recent models, this suffix is used for <a href="/wiki/Targa_top" title="Targa top">targa top</a> models (see <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Dino#Dino_246_GT_and_GTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari Dino">Dino 246 GTS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F355" title="Ferrari F355">F355 GTS</a>), which is an absolutely correct use of the suffix since "scoperta" means "uncovered". An increasing number of people tend to refer to GTS as "Gran Turismo Spyder", which creates the false assumption that Ferrari does not know the difference between "spyder" and "targa". The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_348" title="Ferrari 348">348 TS</a>, which is the only targa named differently, is an exception.</li> <li>GTO ("Gran Turismo Omologata"), placed at the end of a model's number, denotes a modified version of its predecessor. It designates a model that has been designed and improved for racetrack use while still being street legal. Only three models bear those three letters: the 250 GTO of 1962, the 288 GTO of 1984, and the 599 GTO of 2010.</li></ul> This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (such as Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not official factory names. The Daytona name commemorates Ferrari's triple success in the February 1967 <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Daytona" title="24 Hours of Daytona">24 Hours of Daytona</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_P" title="Ferrari P">330 P4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Only in the 1973 Daytona 24 Hours, a <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona#365_GTB/4_and_GTS/4" title="Ferrari Daytona">365 GTB/4</a> run by NART (who raced Ferraris in America) ran second, behind a <a href="/wiki/Porsche_911" title="Porsche 911">Porsche 911</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> The various <a href="/wiki/Dino_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dino (automobile)">Dino</a> models were named for Enzo's son, Dino Ferrari, and were marketed as Dinos by Ferrari and sold at Ferrari dealers – for all intents and purposes they are Ferraris. In the mid-1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice abandoned after the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa#F512_M" title="Ferrari Testarossa">F512 M</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F355" title="Ferrari F355">F355</a>, but adopted again with the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430" title="Ferrari F430">F430</a>, but not with its successor, the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458" title="Ferrari 458">Ferrari 458</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity">Identity</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Identity">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"Prancing_Horse"">The "Prancing Horse"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The "Prancing Horse"">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prancing_Horse" title="Prancing Horse">Prancing Horse</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tifosi_Monza_2003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Tifosi_Monza_2003.JPG/220px-Tifosi_Monza_2003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Tifosi_Monza_2003.JPG/330px-Tifosi_Monza_2003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/Tifosi_Monza_2003.JPG/440px-Tifosi_Monza_2003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tifosi#Formula_One" title="Tifosi">Tifosi</a> flying Prancing Horse flags at the <a href="/wiki/2003_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="2003 Italian Grand Prix">2003 Italian Grand Prix</a></figcaption></figure> Ferrari's symbol is the "Prancing Horse" (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Cavallino Rampante, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'little prancing horse'), a prancing black horse on a yellow background. Minor details of its appearance have changed many times, but its shape has remained consistent: it is always presented either as a shield, with the <a href="/wiki/National_colours_of_Italy" title="National colours of Italy">Italian tricolour</a> above the horse and the initials SF ("<a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a>") below; or as a rectangle, replacing "SF" with the word "Ferrari" rendered in the company's trademark typeface.<a href="#cite_note-Prances-104">[103]</a> Enzo Ferrari offered an account of the horse's origins. In his story, after a 1923 victory in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, the family of <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Baracca" title="Francesco Baracca">Francesco Baracca</a>, a deceased <a href="/wiki/Flying_ace" title="Flying ace">flying ace</a> who painted the emblem on his airplane, paid him a visit. Paolina de Biancoli, Francesco's mother, suggested that Ferrari adopt the horse as a good luck charm: he accepted the request, and the Prancing Horse was first used by his racing team in 1932, applied to their <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_8C" title="Alfa Romeo 8C">Alfa Romeo 8C</a> with the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow#Yellow_(CMYK)_(process_yellow)_(canary_yellow)" title="Shades of yellow">canary yellow</a> background—the "colour of <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>", Enzo's hometown.<a href="#cite_note-Prances-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aversa-11">[11]</a>: 43  The rectangular Prancing Horse has been used since 1947, when the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_S" title="Ferrari 125 S">Ferrari 125 S</a>—also the first Ferrari-branded sports car—became the first to wear it.<a href="#cite_note-Prances-104">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colour">Colour</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colour">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rosso_corsa" title="Rosso corsa">Rosso corsa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_Ferrari_550_Barchetta_no_135,_front_right_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2001_Ferrari_550_Barchetta_no_135%2C_front_right_side.jpg/220px-2001_Ferrari_550_Barchetta_no_135%2C_front_right_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2001_Ferrari_550_Barchetta_no_135%2C_front_right_side.jpg/330px-2001_Ferrari_550_Barchetta_no_135%2C_front_right_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2001_Ferrari_550_Barchetta_no_135%2C_front_right_side.jpg/440px-2001_Ferrari_550_Barchetta_no_135%2C_front_right_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5442" data-file-height="3618" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_550" title="Ferrari 550">Ferrari 550</a> painted in rosso corsa. Both varieties of the Prancing Horse logo are present: the shield is located in front of the door, the rectangle is on the bonnet. The horse alone can also be found on the wheels, grille, and seats.</figcaption></figure> For many years, rosso corsa ('racing red')<a href="#cite_note-Rees-105">[104]</a> was the required colour of all Italian racing cars. It is also closely associated with Ferrari: even after livery regulations changed, allowing race teams to deviate from their <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_auto_racing_colours" title="List of international auto racing colours">national colours</a>, Scuderia Ferrari continued to paint its cars bright red, as it does to this day.<a href="#cite_note-Kaslikowski-106">[105]</a> On Ferrari's road-going cars, the colour has always been among the company's most popular choices: in 2012, 40 per cent of Ferraris left the factory painted red, while in the early 1990s the figure was even higher, at 85 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-Rees-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wasef-107">[106]</a> Some Ferrari vehicles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_288_GTO" title="Ferrari 288 GTO">288 GTO</a>, have only been made available in red.<a href="#cite_note-Rees-105">[104]</a> Although rosso corsa is the colour most associated with Ferrari,<a href="#cite_note-Rees-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sarne-108">[107]</a> it has not always been the colour of choice. Ferraris raced by <a href="/wiki/Privateer_(motorsport)" title="Privateer (motorsport)">privateers</a> have run in a rainbow of colours, and one <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_SWB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 250 GT SWB">250 GT SWB</a>, used as a <a href="/wiki/Test_mule" class="mw-redirect" title="Test mule">test mule</a> for the 250 GTO, was a rare non-red <a href="/wiki/Factory-backed" title="Factory-backed">factory-backed</a> car: it raced in blue.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> In a particularly noteworthy case from 1964, while protesting the <a href="/wiki/FIA" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA">FIA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Homologation_(motorsport)" title="Homologation (motorsport)">homologation</a> requirements, the company moved its racing assets to the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Racing_Team" title="North American Racing Team">North American Racing Team</a>, an affiliated team based in the United States. As a result, Ferrari and the driver <a href="/wiki/John_Surtees" title="John Surtees">John Surtees</a> won the <a href="/wiki/1964_Formula_One_season" title="1964 Formula One season">1964 Formula One season</a> in American colours—blue, with a white <a href="/wiki/Racing_stripe" title="Racing stripe">racing stripe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> By the early 2010s, red had also become less common on Ferrari's road cars, fighting with newly popular colours such as yellow, silver, and white.<a href="#cite_note-Wasef-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sarne-108">[107]</a> Speaking to both the popularity of rosso corsa and the power of the Ferrari brand, Enzo Ferrari is reported to have once said the following: "Ask a child to draw a car, and he will certainly paint it red."<a href="#cite_note-Rees-105">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brand_image">Brand image</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Brand image">edit</a>]</div> Described by the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> as "synonymous with opulence, meticulous craftsmanship and ridiculously fast cars for nearly a century",<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> Ferrari possesses a robust and powerful <a href="/wiki/Brand_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand image">brand image</a>. Owing to a combination of its cars, enthusiast culture, and successful licensing deals, in 2019 Ferrari was labelled the world's strongest brand by the financial consultancy Brand Finance.<a href="#cite_note-Polianskaya_2019-114">[113]</a> Ferrari meticulously manages its brand image and public perception: it goes to great lengths to protect its trademarks, and its customers are expected to honour its rules and guidelines when caring for their cars. The company is noted for its frequent and diverse lawsuits, which have centred around such subjects as the shape of the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GTO" title="Ferrari 250 GTO">Ferrari 250 GTO</a>'s bodywork,<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> exclusive rights to model names (including "Testarossa" and "Purosangue"),<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> replica vehicles, and several unsanctioned owner modifications.<a href="#cite_note-Reid-118">[117]</a> Via a <a href="/wiki/Bounty_(reward)" title="Bounty (reward)">bounty</a> system, individuals may receive rewards for reporting <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeit</a> Ferrari products to the company.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_(Schweiz),_Auto_in_der_Bahnhofstrasse_--_2011_--_1425.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Z%C3%BCrich_%28Schweiz%29%2C_Auto_in_der_Bahnhofstrasse_--_2011_--_1425.jpg/220px-Z%C3%BCrich_%28Schweiz%29%2C_Auto_in_der_Bahnhofstrasse_--_2011_--_1425.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Z%C3%BCrich_%28Schweiz%29%2C_Auto_in_der_Bahnhofstrasse_--_2011_--_1425.jpg/330px-Z%C3%BCrich_%28Schweiz%29%2C_Auto_in_der_Bahnhofstrasse_--_2011_--_1425.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Z%C3%BCrich_%28Schweiz%29%2C_Auto_in_der_Bahnhofstrasse_--_2011_--_1425.jpg/440px-Z%C3%BCrich_%28Schweiz%29%2C_Auto_in_der_Bahnhofstrasse_--_2011_--_1425.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4920" data-file-height="2767" /></a><figcaption>A pink <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360" title="Ferrari 360">Ferrari 360</a>. Ferrari offers no pink paint from the factory, and has discouraged its customers from customising their cars in a manner contrary to the company's brand image.</figcaption></figure> Ferrari aims to cultivate an image of exclusivity and refined luxury. To facilitate this, vehicle production is deliberately limited to below customer demand, and purchasers are internally ranked based on their desirability and loyalty.<a href="#cite_note-ValdesDapena-120">[119]</a> Some cars may only be purchased by customers who have already owned multiple Ferraris,<a href="#cite_note-Tsui-121">[120]</a> and the company's most exclusive supercars, such as the <a href="/wiki/LaFerrari" title="LaFerrari">LaFerrari</a>, have wait lists many times in excess of total production, with only the most loyal customers selected to purchase one.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> In 2015, the company's head of sales stated that the purpose of this strategy was to maintain the brand's value, and to "keep alive this dream that is called Ferrari".<a href="#cite_note-ValdesDapena-120">[119]</a> Sometimes, Ferrari's desire to maintain its brand perception goes against the wishes of its clientele. In one case, the company sued the fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Plein" title="Philipp Plein">Philipp Plein</a> over "distasteful" <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> posts featuring his personal <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_812_Superfast" title="Ferrari 812 Superfast">812 Superfast</a>. The posts, which showcased two models in suggestive positions atop the car, were seen by Ferrari as "unlawfully appropriating" the Ferrari brand to promote Plein's clothing, and as being outside Ferrari's intended brand perception.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> Furthermore, the company places restrictions on what owners may do with their cars: they are not allowed to undertake certain modifications,<a href="#cite_note-Reid-118">[117]</a> and the company's <a href="/wiki/Right_of_first_refusal" title="Right of first refusal">right of first refusal</a> contract, designed to discourage <a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">speculation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flipping" title="Flipping">flipping</a>, prohibits unauthorised sales within the first two years of ownership.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] Purchasers who break these rules are placed on a "blacklist", and may not be permitted to buy a Ferrari vehicle through official means.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> These owner restrictions came to high profile in 2014, when the musician <a href="/wiki/Deadmau5" title="Deadmau5">Deadmau5</a> was sent a <a href="/wiki/Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">cease and desist</a> letter regarding his highly customised <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458" title="Ferrari 458">458 Italia</a>: the car, which he dubbed the "Purrari", possessed custom badges and a <a href="/wiki/Nyan_Cat" title="Nyan Cat">Nyan Cat</a>-themed wrap, and was put up for sale on <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reid-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> Ferrari does encourage its buyers to personalise their cars, but only through official channels, which include its Tailor Made programme for bespoke <a href="/wiki/Trim_package" class="mw-redirect" title="Trim package">trim packages</a> and special <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachbuilding">coachbuilding</a> initiatives for more demanding commissions.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> The customisation options offered through these channels are extensive, though they are always in line with Ferrari's desired branding—for example, the company offers no <a href="/wiki/Pink" title="Pink">pink</a> paint for its cars. In 2017, the CEO of the company's Australasia branch commented that this and similar customisations are "against the company's ethos," and that such a stance is "a brand rule. No pink. No <a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Pokémon">Pokémon</a> Ferraris!".<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs">edit</a>]</div> In 1963, Enzo Ferrari was approached by the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> about a possible buy out.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Ford audited Ferrari's assets but legal negotiations and talks were unilaterally cut off by Ferrari when he realized that the deal offered by Ford would not enable him to stay at the helm of the company racing program. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_II" title="Henry Ford II">Henry Ford II</a> consequently directed his racing division to negotiate with <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lola_Cars" title="Lola Cars">Lola</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Car_Company" title="Cooper Car Company">Cooper</a> to build a car capable of beating Ferrari on the world endurance circuit, eventually resulting in the production of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_GT40" title="Ford GT40">Ford GT40</a> in 1964. As the Ford deal fell through, FIAT approached Ferrari with a more flexible proposal and purchased controlling interests in the company in 1969. Enzo Ferrari retained a 10% share, which is currently owned by his son <a href="/wiki/Piero_Lardi_Ferrari" class="mw-redirect" title="Piero Lardi Ferrari">Piero Lardi Ferrari</a>. Ferrari has an internally managed merchandising line that licences many products bearing the Ferrari brand, including eyewear, pens, pencils, electronic goods, perfume, cologne, clothing, high-tech bicycles, watches, cell phones, and laptop computers. Ferrari also runs a museum, the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Ferrari" title="Museo Ferrari">Museo Ferrari</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maranello" title="Maranello">Maranello</a>, which displays road and race cars and other items from the company's history.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formula_Uomo_programme">Formula Uomo programme</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Formula Uomo programme">edit</a>]</div> In 1997, Ferrari launched a long term master planned effort to improve overall corporate efficiency, production and employee happiness. The program was called Formula Uomo and became a case study in social sustainability.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> It took over ten years to fully implement and included over €200 million (2008) in investment.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_partnerships">Technical partnerships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Technical partnerships">edit</a>]</div> Ferrari has had a long-standing relationship with petroleum company <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil">Shell Oil</a> from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, and currently since 1996. Shell develops and supplies fuel and oils to the Scuderia Ferrari's Formula One and World Endurance Championship teams, as well as Ducati Corse's MotoGP and World Superbike teams. The <a href="/wiki/Shell_V-Power" title="Shell V-Power">Shell V-Power</a> premium gasoline fuel is claimed to have been developed with the many years of technical expertise between Shell and Ferrari.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> Ferrari has had agreements to supply Formula One engines to a number of other teams over the years, and currently supply the <a href="/wiki/Sauber_Motorsport" title="Sauber Motorsport">Sauber</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haas_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="Haas F1">Haas F1</a> F1 teams. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sales_history">Sales history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sales history">edit</a>]</div> As of the end of 2019, the total of Ferrari built and sold cars in their whole company history is 219,062.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> In October 2023, Ferrari started accepting payment in cryptocurrency for its vehicles in the US with intentions to expand the scheme to Europe in 2024. The cryptocurrency payments will be immediately traded into traditional currency to avoid price swings.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> <a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <dl><dt>Annual Ferrari sales to end customers (number of type-approved vehicles)</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; display:inline-table"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Sales </th></tr> <tr> <th>1947<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1948<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1949<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡21 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1950<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡25 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1951<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡33 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1952<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡44 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1953<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡57 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1954<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡58 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1955<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡61 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1956<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡81 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1957<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡113 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1958<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡183 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1959<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡248 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1960<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡306 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1961<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡441 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1962<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡493 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1963<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡598 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1964<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡654 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1965<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡619 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1966<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡928 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; display:inline-table"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Sales </th></tr> <tr> <th>1967<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡706 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1968<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡729 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1969<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡619 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡928 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1971<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡1,246 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1972<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡1,844 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1973<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡1,772 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1974<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡1,436 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1975<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡1,337 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1976<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡1,426 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1977<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1986-141">[140]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡1,798 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1978<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡1,939 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1979<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡2,221 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1980<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡2,470 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1981<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡2,565 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1982<a href="#cite_note-ferrari_production-140">[139]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡2,209 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1983<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1983-142">[141]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡2,366 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1984<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1984-143">[142]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">‡2,856 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1985<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1986-141">[140]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,051 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1986<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1986-141">[140]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,663 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; display:inline-table"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Sales </th></tr> <tr> <th>1987<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1987-144">[143]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,942 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1988<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1989-145">[144]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">4,001 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1989<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1989-145">[144]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,821 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-:0-146">[145]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">4,293 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1991<a href="#cite_note-:0-146">[145]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">4,487 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1992<a href="#cite_note-:0-146">[145]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,384 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1993<a href="#cite_note-:0-146">[145]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">2,345 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1994<a href="#cite_note-:0-146">[145]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">2,671 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1995<a href="#cite_note-:0-146">[145]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,144 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1996<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1997-147">[146]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,350 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1997<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1997-147">[146]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,581 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1998<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1999-148">[147]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,652 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1999<a href="#cite_note-ferrari1999-148">[147]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">3,775 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2000-149">[148]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">4,070 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2001<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2001-150">[149]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">4,289 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2002<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2002-151">[150]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">4,236 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2003<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2003-152">[151]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">4,238 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2004<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2004-153">[152]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">4,975 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2005<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2005-154">[153]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">5,409 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2006<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2006-155">[154]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">5,671 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; display:inline-table"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Sales </th></tr> <tr> <th>2007<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2007-156">[155]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">6,465 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2008<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2008-157">[156]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">6,587 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2009<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2009-158">[157]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">6,250 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2010-159">[158]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">6,461 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2011<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2011-160">[159]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">7,001 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2012<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2012-161">[160]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">7,318 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2013<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">6,922 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2014<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2014-163">[162]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">†7,255 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2015<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2015-164">[163]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">†7,664 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2016<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2016-165">[164]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">†8,014 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2017<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2017-166">[165]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">†8,398 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2018<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2018-167">[166]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">†9,251 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2019<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2019-168">[167]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">†10,131 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2020-169">[168]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">†9,119 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2021<a href="#cite_note-ferrari2021-170">[169]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">11,115 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-AR22-171">[170]</a> </th> <td style="background:#fbf8db; align:right;">13,221 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>‡ Figure refers to units produced rather than to units sold.</dd> <dd>† Figure refers to units shipped rather than to units sold.</dd></dl> <table class="mw-collapsible" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" style="border:solid 1px #aaa"> <caption>Annual Ferrari sales to end customers (number of type-approved vehicles) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_8eybpfl4brrrcqcsaor4ulamfcfegqc"></map><img usemap="#timeline_8eybpfl4brrrcqcsaor4ulamfcfegqc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/8eybpfl4brrrcqcsaor4ulamfcfegqc.png" /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recalls">Recalls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Recalls">edit</a>]</div> In January 2020, the Italian carmaker said it will recall 982 vehicles for passenger airbags due to the <a href="/wiki/Takata_Corporation#Defective_airbag_recalls_(2013–present)" title="Takata Corporation">Takata airbag recalls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNET-172">[171]</a> If the inflator explodes, the airbag will spew metal shrapnel at passengers, which can cause severe injury.<a href="#cite_note-CNET-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> Every car involved will get a new passenger-side airbag assembly, complete with a new inflator without the dangerous propellant.<a href="#cite_note-CNET-172">[171]</a> On 8 August 2022, the company recalled almost every car it's sold in the US since 2005 over a potential for brake failure.<a href="#cite_note-Track-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> According to an <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">NHTSA</a> recall filing, 23,555 Ferrari models sold in America are fitted with a potentially faulty brake fluid reservoir cap that may not vent pressure adequately.<a href="#cite_note-Track-174">[173]</a> The affected cars will be fitted with a replacement cap and receive a software update.<a href="#cite_note-Track-174">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stores_and_attractions">Stores and attractions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Stores and attractions">edit</a>]</div> Roughly thirty Ferrari <a href="/wiki/Boutique" title="Boutique">boutiques</a> exist worldwide, with two owned by Ferrari and the rest operating as <a href="/wiki/Franchising" title="Franchising">franchises</a>. The stores sell branded clothes,<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> accessories and racing <a href="/wiki/Memorabilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorabilia">memorabilia</a>; some stores also feature <a href="/wiki/Racing_simulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing simulator">racing simulators</a> where visitors can drive virtual Ferrari vehicles. Clothing includes upscale and lower-priced collections for men, women, and children.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> Ferrari debuted their high fashion brand with their first runway in June 2021.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> There are also two Ferrari-themed <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement parks</a>. Opened in 2010, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_World_Abu_Dhabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari World Abu Dhabi">Ferrari World Abu Dhabi</a> is the first Ferrari-branded theme park in the world and boasts 37 rides and attractions. Located on <a href="/wiki/Yas_Island" title="Yas Island">Yas Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, it is home to the world's fastest roller coaster—<a href="/wiki/Formula_Rossa" title="Formula Rossa">Formula Rossa</a>, and a dynamic coaster with one of the world's tallest loop—<a href="/wiki/Flying_Aces_(roller_coaster)" title="Flying Aces (roller coaster)">Flying Aces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Opened in 2017, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari Land">Ferrari Land</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/PortAventura_World" title="PortAventura World">PortAventura World</a> resort, is the second such Ferrari-themed amusement park in the world, after Ferrari World Abu Dhabi. With 16 rides and attractions, it is home to Europe's fastest and highest vertical accelerator coaster—<a href="/wiki/Red_Force_(roller_coaster)" title="Red Force (roller coaster)">Red Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/32px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/48px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/64px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="219" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Cars portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Italy" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Italy">List of automobile manufacturers of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">List of companies of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ferrari_competition_cars" title="List of Ferrari competition cars">List of Ferrari competition cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ferrari_engines" title="List of Ferrari engines">List of Ferrari engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ferrari_road_cars" title="List of Ferrari road cars">List of Ferrari road cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> The Dino 206 GT was preceded by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_LM" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 250 LM">250 LM Stradale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365_P_Berlinetta_Speciale" title="Ferrari 365 P Berlinetta Speciale">365 P Berlinetta Speciale</a>. Both were based on preexisting mid-engined racing cars, and were produced in extremely limited numbers.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-history-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529233540/http://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/ongoing-heritage/company/history/history-of-enzo/">"History of Enzo Ferrari"</a>. auto.ferrari.com. 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Ferrari Official Website.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ferrari+Official+Website&rft.atitle=Urgent+Takata+Airbag+Recall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ferrari.com%2Fen-EN%2Fauto%2Ftakata-airbag-recall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Track-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Track_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Track_174-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Track_174-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Perkins2022" class="citation web cs1">Chris Perkins (8 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a40836459/ferrari-recall-possible-brake-failure/">"Ferrari Recalls Nearly Every Car It's Made Since 2005 For Possible Brake Failure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Road_%26_Track" title="Road & Track">Road & Track</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Road+%26+Track&rft.atitle=Ferrari+Recalls+Nearly+Every+Car+It%27s+Made+Since+2005+For+Possible+Brake+Failure&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft.au=Chris+Perkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadandtrack.com%2Fnews%2Fa40836459%2Fferrari-recall-possible-brake-failure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvan_Simko-Bednarski2022" class="citation web cs1">Evan Simko-Bednarski (9 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2022/08/09/ferrari-recalls-17-years-worth-of-cars-over-possible-brake-failure/">"Ferrari recalls 17 years worth of luxury cars over possible brake failure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Ferrari+recalls+17+years+worth+of+luxury+cars+over+possible+brake+failure&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft.au=Evan+Simko-Bednarski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2022%2F08%2F09%2Fferrari-recalls-17-years-worth-of-cars-over-possible-brake-failure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gq.com/story/ferrari-clothing-line">"Ferrari Roars Into the Fashion World"</a>. GQ. 6 October 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GQ&rft.atitle=Ferrari+Roars+Into+the+Fashion+World&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq.com%2Fstory%2Fferrari-clothing-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValle2021" class="citation web cs1">Valle, Natalí (15 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityteen.com/ferrari-new-collection/">"Ferrari Now Triumphs In The Runway: Their Latest Fashion Drop"</a>. www.vanityteen.com. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vanityteen.com&rft.atitle=Ferrari+Now+Triumphs+In+The+Runway%3A+Their+Latest+Fashion+Drop&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft.aulast=Valle&rft.aufirst=Natal%C3%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityteen.com%2Fferrari-new-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartens2015" class="citation news cs1">Martens, Cynthia (16 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/ferrari-opens-new-flagship-store-10097067/">"Ferrari Opens New Flagship Store"</a>. WWD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204004150/http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/ferrari-opens-new-flagship-store-10097067/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WWD&rft.atitle=Ferrari+Opens+New+Flagship+Store&rft.date=2015-03-16&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwd.com%2Ffashion-news%2Ffashion-scoops%2Fferrari-opens-new-flagship-store-10097067%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRysman2021" class="citation web cs1">Rysman, Laura (16 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/16/style/ferrari-fashion-collection.htm">"Ferrari Is Racing Into Fashion"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ferrari+Is+Racing+Into+Fashion&rft.date=2021-06-16&rft.aulast=Rysman&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F06%2F16%2Fstyle%2Fferrari-fashion-collection.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerlin2020" class="citation web cs1">Merlin, Lalla (1 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blooloop.com/features/ferrari-world-abu-dhabi/">"Taking the guest experience up a gear at Ferrari World Abu Dhabi"</a>. Blooloop. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blooloop&rft.atitle=Taking+the+guest+experience+up+a+gear+at+Ferrari+World+Abu+Dhabi&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft.aulast=Merlin&rft.aufirst=Lalla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblooloop.com%2Ffeatures%2Fferrari-world-abu-dhabi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portaventuraworld.com/en/ferrari-land/rides/red-force">"Red Force - Ferrari Land Attractions"</a>. PortAventura World. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PortAventura+World&rft.atitle=Red+Force+-+Ferrari+Land+Attractions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portaventuraworld.com%2Fen%2Fferrari-land%2Frides%2Fred-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: General references">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson" class="citation cs2">Gustafson, Eric, "Cavallino Rampante", <a href="/wiki/Sports_Car_International" title="Sports Car International">Sports Car International</a> (Oct/Nov 2000): 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Car+International&rft.atitle=Cavallino+Rampante&rft.issue=Oct%2FNov+2000&rft.pages=94&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFerrari" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Adler, Dennis, Ferrari: The Road from Maranello. Random House, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6463-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6463-2">978-1-4000-6463-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Ferrari at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ferrari" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Ferrari">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ferrari" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Ferrari">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ferrari" class="extiw" title="q:Ferrari">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ferrari" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Ferrari">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ferrari" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Ferrari">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ferrari" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Ferrari">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ferrari.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27586#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carconfigurator.ferrari.com/">Ferrari Official Car Configurator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auto.ferrari.com/en_EN/sports-cars-models/past-models/">Ferrari Past Models on auto.ferrari.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://formula1.ferrari.com/en/home-singleseaters-en/">Ferrari Single-seaters on formula1.ferrari.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208074420/http://www.coachbuild.com/2/index.php/news/modern-coachbuilds/131-ferrari-special-projects-all-cars-listing">Ferrari Special Projects listing on Coachbuild.com</a></li> <li>Business data for Ferrari: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/RACE:US">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/NYSE:RACE">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ferrari" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ferrari" title="Template:Ferrari"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ferrari" title="Template talk:Ferrari"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ferrari" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ferrari"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ferrari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferrari</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ferrari" title="History of Ferrari">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ferrari_road_cars" title="List of Ferrari road cars">Cars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Roma" title="Ferrari Roma">Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_SF90_Stradale" title="Ferrari SF90 Stradale">SF90 Stradale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_296" title="Ferrari 296">296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona_SP3" title="Ferrari Daytona SP3">Daytona SP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Purosangue" title="Ferrari Purosangue">Purosangue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_12Cilindri" title="Ferrari 12Cilindri">12Cilindri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Avio_Costruzioni_815" title="Auto Avio Costruzioni 815">Auto Avio Costruzioni 815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_C" title="Ferrari 125 C">125 C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_S" title="Ferrari 125 S">125 S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_159_S" title="Ferrari 159 S">159 S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_S" title="Ferrari 166 S">166 S/SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_S" title="Ferrari 166 S">166 MM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_Inter" title="Ferrari 166 Inter">166 Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_195_S" title="Ferrari 195 S">195 S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_195_Inter" title="Ferrari 195 Inter">195 Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_212_Export" title="Ferrari 212 Export">212 Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_212_Inter" title="Ferrari 212 Inter">212 Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America" title="Ferrari America">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_225_S" title="Ferrari 225 S">225 S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_375_MM" title="Ferrari 375 MM">375 MM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250" title="Ferrari 250">250</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_S" title="Ferrari 250 S">250 S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_MM" title="Ferrari 250 MM">250 MM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_Monza" title="Ferrari 250 Monza">250 Monza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Coup%C3%A9" title="Ferrari 250 GT Coupé">250 GT Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_California_Spyder" title="Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder">250 GT California Spyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Lusso" title="Ferrari 250 GT Lusso">250 GT Lusso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GTO" title="Ferrari 250 GTO">250 GTO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_P" title="Ferrari P">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_275" title="Ferrari 275">275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_330" title="Ferrari 330">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365" title="Ferrari 365">365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365#365_GT_2+2" title="Ferrari 365">365 GT 2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona" title="Ferrari Daytona">Daytona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365_GTC/4" title="Ferrari 365 GTC/4">365 GTC/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GT4" title="Ferrari GT4">GT4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Berlinetta_Boxer" title="Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer">Berlinetta Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_308_GTB/GTS" title="Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS">308 GTB/GTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Mondial" title="Ferrari Mondial">Mondial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_288_GTO" title="Ferrari 288 GTO">288 GTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa" title="Ferrari Testarossa">Testarossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_328" title="Ferrari 328">328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F40" title="Ferrari F40">F40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_348" title="Ferrari 348">348</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F355" title="Ferrari F355">F355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F50" title="Ferrari F50">F50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360" title="Ferrari 360">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365_GT4_2%2B2,_400_and_412#400GT" title="Ferrari 365 GT4 2+2, 400 and 412">400/412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_456" title="Ferrari 456">456</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_550" title="Ferrari 550">550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Enzo" title="Ferrari Enzo">Enzo Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_575M_Maranello" title="Ferrari 575M Maranello">575M Maranello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430" title="Ferrari F430">F430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_612_Scaglietti" title="Ferrari 612 Scaglietti">612 Scaglietti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599" title="Ferrari 599">599</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_California" title="Ferrari California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458" title="Ferrari 458">458</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FF" title="Ferrari FF">FF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12" title="Ferrari F12">F12berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFerrari" title="LaFerrari">LaFerrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_California#Ferrari_California_T_(2014–)" title="Ferrari California">California T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488" title="Ferrari 488">488</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GTC4Lusso" title="Ferrari GTC4Lusso">GTC4Lusso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Portofino" title="Ferrari Portofino">Portofino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Portofino" title="Ferrari Portofino">Portofino M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_812_Superfast" title="Ferrari 812 Superfast">812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Monza_SP" title="Ferrari Monza SP">Monza SP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Monza_SP" title="Ferrari Monza SP">Monza SP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F8" title="Ferrari F8">F8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F80" title="Ferrari F80">F80</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365_P_Berlinetta_Speciale" title="Ferrari 365 P Berlinetta Speciale">365 P Berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Sigma" title="Ferrari Sigma">Sigma Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_512" title="Ferrari 512">512 S Berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_408_4RM" title="Ferrari 408 4RM">408 4RM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Modulo" title="Ferrari Modulo">Modulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Mythos" title="Ferrari Mythos">Mythos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Pinin" title="Ferrari Pinin">Pinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa#FZ93" title="Ferrari Testarossa">FZ93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_550#Ferrari_Rossa" title="Ferrari 550">Rossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GG50" title="Ferrari GG50">GG50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Millechili" title="Ferrari Millechili">Millechili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Gran_Turismo#Ferrari_Vision_Gran_Turismo" title="Vision Gran Turismo">Vision Gran Turismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ferrari_engines" title="List of Ferrari engines">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F140_engine" title="Ferrari F140 engine">F140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F154_engine" title="Ferrari F154 engine">F154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F160_engine" title="Ferrari F160 engine">F160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Tipo_F163_engine" title="Ferrari Tipo F163 engine">F163</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Colombo_engine" title="Ferrari Colombo engine">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Lampredi_engine" title="Ferrari Lampredi engine">Lampredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Jano_engine" title="Ferrari Jano engine">Jano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Dino_engine" title="Ferrari Dino engine">Dino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_flat-12_engine" title="Ferrari flat-12 engine">Flat-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F116/F133_engine" title="Ferrari F116/F133 engine">F116/F133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F136_engine" title="Ferrari F136 engine">F136</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Elkann" title="John Elkann">John Elkann</a> (president)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Vigna" title="Benedetto Vigna">Benedetto Vigna</a> (chief executive officer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Ferrari" title="Piero Ferrari">Piero Ferrari</a> (vice chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavio_Manzoni" title="Flavio Manzoni">Flavio Manzoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Almondo" title="Mario Almondo">Mario Almondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dany_Bahar" title="Dany Bahar">Dany Bahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Bellentani" title="Vittorio Bellentani">Vittorio Bellentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Gandini" title="Marcello Gandini">Marcello Gandini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_Bizzarrini" title="Giotto Bizzarrini">Giotto Bizzarrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Brovarone" title="Aldo Brovarone">Aldo Brovarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Busso" title="Giuseppe Busso">Giuseppe Busso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_C._Camilleri" title="Louis C. Camilleri">Louis C. Camilleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Castriota" title="Jason Castriota">Jason Castriota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Chinetti" title="Luigi Chinetti">Luigi Chinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_Coco" title="Donato Coco">Donato Coco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giampaolo_Dallara" title="Giampaolo Dallara">Giampaolo Dallara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Fainello" title="Marco Fainello">Marco Fainello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battista_Pininfarina" title="Battista Pininfarina">Battista Farina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Felisa" title="Amedeo Felisa">Amedeo Felisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Ferrari" title="Alfredo Ferrari">Alfredo "Dino" Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Fioravanti_(engineer)" title="Leonardo Fioravanti (engineer)">Leonardo Fioravanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Ugo_Gobbato" title="Pier Ugo Gobbato">Pier Ugo Gobbato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Lampredi" title="Aurelio Lampredi">Aurelio Lampredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Marchionne" title="Sergio Marchionne">Sergio Marchionne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Martin" title="Paolo Martin">Paolo Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Massimino" title="Alberto Massimino">Alberto Massimino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Materazzi" title="Nicola Materazzi">Nicola Materazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Mattiacci" title="Marco Mattiacci">Marco Mattiacci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Meade" title="Tom Meade">Tom Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Michelotti" title="Giovanni Michelotti">Giovanni Michelotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Cordero_di_Montezemolo" title="Luca Cordero di Montezemolo">Luca Cordero di Montezemolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Okuyama" title="Ken Okuyama">Ken Okuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Roush" title="Gerald Roush">Gerald Roush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stephenson" title="Frank Stephenson">Frank Stephenson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Ferrari" title="Museo Ferrari">Museo Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Casa_Enzo_Ferrari" title="Museo Casa Enzo Ferrari">Museo Casa Enzo Ferrari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Amusement parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_World" title="Ferrari World">Ferrari World Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PortAventura_World#Ferrari_Land" title="PortAventura World">Ferrari Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_factory" title="Ferrari factory">Ferrari factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorano_Circuit" title="Fiorano Circuit">Fiorano Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugello_Circuit" title="Mugello Circuit">Mugello Circuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Passione_(1996_film)" title="La Passione (1996 film)">La Passione</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snake_and_the_Stallion" title="The Snake and the Stallion">The Snake and the Stallion</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_(2003_film)" title="Ferrari (2003 film)">Ferrari</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_v_Ferrari" title="Ford v Ferrari">Ford v Ferrari</a> (2019) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_v_Ferrari_(soundtrack)" title="Ford v Ferrari (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_(2023_film)" title="Ferrari (2023 film)">Ferrari</a> (2023) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_(2023_soundtrack)" title="Ferrari (2023 soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnum,_P.I." title="Magnum, P.I.">Magnum, P.I.</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Vice" title="Miami Vice">Miami Vice</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_P.I._(2018_TV_series)" title="Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series)">Magnum P. I.</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Out_Run" title="Out Run">Out Run</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F355_Challenge" title="F355 Challenge">F355 Challenge</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Challenge:_Trofeo_Pirelli" title="Ferrari Challenge: Trofeo Pirelli">Ferrari Challenge: Trofeo Pirelli</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GT:_Evolution" title="Ferrari GT: Evolution">Ferrari GT: Evolution</a> (2008)</li> <li>Ferrari Virtual Race (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Virtual_Academy" title="Ferrari Virtual Academy">Ferrari Virtual Academy</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari:_The_Race_Experience" title="Ferrari: The Race Experience">Ferrari: The Race Experience</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GT_3:_World_Track" title="Ferrari GT 3: World Track">Ferrari GT 3: World Track</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Drive:_Ferrari_Racing_Legends" title="Test Drive: Ferrari Racing Legends">Test Drive: Ferrari Racing Legends</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Racing teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AF_Corse" title="AF Corse">AF Corse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Racing_Team" title="North American Racing Team">North American Racing Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risi_Competizione" title="Risi Competizione">Risi Competizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Challenge" title="Ferrari Challenge">Ferrari Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Winter_Series" title="Florida Winter Series">Florida Winter Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Fandom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavallino_(magazine)" title="Cavallino (magazine)">Cavallino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrari_Club_of_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrari Club of America (page does not exist)">Ferrari Club of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavallino_(magazine)" title="Cavallino (magazine)">Palm Beach Cavallino Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifosi" title="Tifosi">Tifosi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arno_XI" title="Arno XI">Arno XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kiss_of_Death_(photograph)" title="The Kiss of Death (photograph)">The Kiss of Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manettino_dial" title="Manettino dial">Manettino dial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prancing_Horse" title="Prancing Horse">Prancing Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XX_Programmes" title="XX Programmes">XX Programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ferrari" title="Category:Ferrari">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ferrari" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ferrari">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Exor_N.V." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EXOR" title="Template:EXOR"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EXOR" title="Template 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style="width:1%">Oil and gas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Welltec" title="Welltec">Welltec</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourism, entertainment and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economist_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Group">Economist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEDI_Gruppo_Editoriale" title="GEDI Gruppo Editoriale">GEDI Gruppo Editoriale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Automotive and commercial vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a></li> 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies" title="Template:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies" title="Template talk:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euro_Stoxx_50_Companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euro Stoxx 50 Companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_EURO_STOXX_50_companies_of_the_Euro_Area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/EURO_STOXX_50" title="EURO STOXX 50">EURO STOXX 50</a> companies of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Euro Area</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Last updated: 18 September 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyen" title="Adyen">Adyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahold_Delhaize" title="Ahold Delhaize">Ahold Delhaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Liquide" title="Air Liquide">Air Liquide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB_InBev" title="AB InBev">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axa" title="Axa">Axa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_Argentaria" title="Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria">BBVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danone" title="Danone">Danone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL_Group" title="DHL Group">DHL Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enel" title="Enel">Enel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EssilorLuxottica" title="EssilorLuxottica">EssilorLuxottica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutter_Entertainment" title="Flutter Entertainment">Flutter Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s" title="Hermès">Hermès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberdrola" title="Iberdrola">Iberdrola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inditex" title="Inditex">Inditex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo" title="Intesa Sanpaolo">Intesa Sanpaolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kering" title="Kering">Kering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al" title="L'Oréal">L'Oréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVMH" title="LVMH">LVMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Re" title="Munich Re">Munich Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordea" title="Nordea">Nordea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernod_Ricard" title="Pernod Ricard">Pernod Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosus" title="Prosus">Prosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safran" title="Safran">Safran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gobain" title="Saint-Gobain">Saint-Gobain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Santander" title="Banco Santander">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a></li> <li><a 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ferrari_road_car_timeline_1947-1969" title="Template:Ferrari road car timeline 1947-1969"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ferrari_road_car_timeline_1947-1969" title="Template talk:Ferrari road car timeline 1947-1969"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ferrari_road_car_timeline_1947-1969" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ferrari road car timeline 1947-1969"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ferrari_road_car_timeline,_1947–1969_—_next_»" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferrari</a> road car timeline, 1947–1969 — <a href="/wiki/Template:Ferrari_car_timeline_1970s-1990s" title="Template:Ferrari car timeline 1970s-1990s">next »</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0; width:100%"> <td rowspan="2" width="5.7%">Type </td> <td colspan="3">1940s </td> <td colspan="10">1950s </td> <td colspan="10">1960s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="4.1%">7</td> <td width="4.1%">8</td> <td width="4.1%">9 </td> <td width="4.1%">0</td> <td width="4.1%">1</td> <td width="4.1%">2</td> <td width="4.1%">3</td> <td width="4.1%">4</td> <td width="4.1%">5</td> <td width="4.1%">6</td> <td width="4.1%">7</td> <td width="4.1%">8</td> <td width="4.1%">9 </td> <td width="4.1%">0</td> <td width="4.1%">1</td> <td width="4.1%">2</td> <td width="4.1%">3</td> <td width="4.1%">4</td> <td width="4.1%">5</td> <td width="4.1%">6</td> <td width="4.1%">7</td> <td width="4.1%">8</td> <td width="4.1%">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">Sports</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_340" title="Ferrari 340">340 MM</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_375_Plus" title="Ferrari 375 Plus">375 Plus</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_410_S" title="Ferrari 410 S">410 S</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_275_S" title="Ferrari 275 S">275 S</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_340" title="Ferrari 340">340 Mexico</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_375_MM" title="Ferrari 375 MM">375 MM</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_290_S" title="Ferrari 290 S">290 S</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_125_S" title="Ferrari 125 S">125 S</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_S" title="Ferrari 166 S">166 S/166 MM</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_195_S" title="Ferrari 195 S">195 S</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_212_Export" title="Ferrari 212 Export">212 Export</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_225_S" title="Ferrari 225 S">225 S</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_MM" title="Ferrari 250 MM">250 MM</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_Monza" title="Ferrari 250 Monza">250 Monza</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_315_S" title="Ferrari 315 S">315 S</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_Testa_Rossa" title="Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa">250 Testa Rossa</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_P#250_LM" title="Ferrari P">250 LM</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_159_S" title="Ferrari 159 S">159 S</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_S" title="Ferrari 250 S">250 S</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_290_MM" title="Ferrari 290 MM">290 MM</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_335_S" title="Ferrari 335 S">335 S</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GTO" title="Ferrari 250 GTO">250  GTO</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250#250_GT_Berlinetta_"Tour_de_France"" title="Ferrari 250">250 GT "Tour de France"</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250#250_GT_Berlinetta_SWB" title="Ferrari 250">250 GT "SWB"</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Lusso" title="Ferrari 250 GT Lusso">250 GT Lusso</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_275" title="Ferrari 275">275 GTB</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_275#Four_cam" title="Ferrari 275">275 GTB/4</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona" title="Ferrari Daytona">365 GTB/4</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_Inter" title="Ferrari 166 Inter">166 Inter</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_195_Inter" title="Ferrari 195 Inter">195 Inter</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_212_Inter" title="Ferrari 212 Inter">212 Inter</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250#250_Europa" title="Ferrari 250">250 Europa</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Coup%C3%A9#250_Europa_GT" title="Ferrari 250 GT Coupé">250 Europa GT</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Coup%C3%A9#Boano_Coupé" title="Ferrari 250 GT Coupé">250 GT Boano</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Coup%C3%A9#Ellena_Coupé" title="Ferrari 250 GT Coupé">250 GT Ellena</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Coup%C3%A9#Pinin_Farina_Coupé" title="Ferrari 250 GT Coupé">250 GT Coupé Pinin Farina</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_330#330_GTC/GTS" title="Ferrari 330">330 GTC</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365#365_GTC_and_GTS" title="Ferrari 365">365 GTC</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250#GT/E" title="Ferrari 250">250 GT/E</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_330#330_America" title="Ferrari 330">330 America</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_330#330_GT_2+2" title="Ferrari 330">330 GT 2+2</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365#365_GT_2+2" title="Ferrari 365">365 GT 2+2</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Spider</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_Cabriolet_Pinin_Farina" title="Ferrari 250 GT Cabriolet Pinin Farina">250 GT Cabriolet</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_275#275_GTS" title="Ferrari 275">275 GTS</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_330#330_GTC/GTS" title="Ferrari 330">330 GTS</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365#365_GTC_and_GTS" title="Ferrari 365">365 GTS</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250_GT_California_Spyder" title="Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder">250 GT California Spyder</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America" title="Ferrari America">America</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_340_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 340 America">340 America</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America#342_America" title="Ferrari America">342 America</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America#375_America" title="Ferrari America">375 America</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America#410_Superamerica" title="Ferrari America">410 Superamerica</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America#400_Superamerica" title="Ferrari America">400 Superamerica</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America#500_Superfast" title="Ferrari America">500 Superfast</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_America#365_California" title="Ferrari America">365 California</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_previous_—_Ferrari_road_car_timeline,_1970s–1990s_—_next_»" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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timeline">next »</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0; width:100%"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="12%">Type </td> <td colspan="10">1970s </td> <td colspan="10">1980s </td> <td colspan="10">1990s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="2.7%">0</td> <td width="2.7%">1</td> <td width="2.7%">2</td> <td width="2.7%">3</td> <td width="2.7%">4</td> <td width="2.7%">5</td> <td width="2.7%">6</td> <td width="2.7%">7</td> <td width="2.7%">8</td> <td width="2.7%">9 </td> <td width="2.7%">0</td> <td width="2.7%">1</td> <td width="2.7%">2</td> <td width="2.7%">3</td> <td width="2.7%">4</td> <td width="2.7%">5</td> <td width="2.7%">6</td> <td width="2.7%">7</td> <td width="2.7%">8</td> <td width="2.7%">9 </td> <td width="2.7%">0</td> <td width="2.7%">1</td> <td width="2.7%">2</td> <td width="2.7%">3</td> <td width="2.7%">4</td> <td width="2.7%">5</td> <td width="2.7%">6</td> <td width="2.7%">7</td> <td width="2.7%">8</td> <td width="2.7%">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">8 cylinder</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Mid-engine</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">berlinetta</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="5"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_308_GTB/GTS" title="Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS">308</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_308_GTB/GTS" title="Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS">308 i</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_308_GTB/GTS" title="Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS">308 QV</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_328" title="Ferrari 328">328</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_348" title="Ferrari 348">348</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360" title="Ferrari 360">360</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_308_GTB/GTS#208_GTB/GTS" title="Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS">208</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_308_GTB/GTS#208_GTB/GTS_Turbo" title="Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS">208 Turbo</a> </td> <td colspan="4" height="100%" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_328#GTB/GTS_Turbo" title="Ferrari 328">GTB/GTS Turbo</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F355" title="Ferrari F355">F355</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Mid-engine</a> <a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E6E64D"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GT4" title="Ferrari GT4">308 GT4</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Mondial" title="Ferrari Mondial">Mondial 8</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Mondial#Mondial_Quattrovalvole" title="Ferrari Mondial">Mondial QV</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Mondial#Mondial_3.2" title="Ferrari Mondial">Mondial 3.2</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Mondial#Mondial_t" title="Ferrari Mondial">Mondial t</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E6E64D"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GT4#208_GT4" title="Ferrari GT4">208 GT4</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">12 cylinder</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine" title="Flat-twelve engine">Boxer berlinetta</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Berlinetta_Boxer#365_GT4_BB" title="Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer">365 GT4 BB</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Berlinetta_Boxer#512_BB" title="Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer">512 BB</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Berlinetta_Boxer#512_BBi" title="Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer">512 BBi</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa" title="Ferrari Testarossa">Testarossa (F110)</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa#512_TR" title="Ferrari Testarossa">512TR</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa#F512_M" title="Ferrari Testarossa">F512 M</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona" title="Ferrari Daytona">365 GTB/4 "Daytona"</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_550" title="Ferrari 550">550 Maranello</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">grand tourer</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365" title="Ferrari 365">365 2+2</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365_GTC/4" title="Ferrari 365 GTC/4">365 GTC/4</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_365_GT4_2%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 365 GT4 2+2">365 GT4 2+2</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_400" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 400">400</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_400#400i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 400">400 i</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_400#412" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 400">412</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_456" title="Ferrari 456">456</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_456#456M" title="Ferrari 456">456M</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">Flagship <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_288_GTO" title="Ferrari 288 GTO">288 GTO</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F40" title="Ferrari F40">F40</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F50" title="Ferrari F50">F50</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#EFEFEF"><a href="/wiki/Chart#Features_of_a_chart" title="Chart">Legend</a> </td> <td colspan="30">     Sold under the <a href="/wiki/Dino_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dino (automobile)">Dino</a> <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">marque</a> until 1976; see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Dino_car_timeline" title="Template:Dino car timeline">Dino car timeline</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_previous_—_Ferrari_road_car_timeline,_2000–present" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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id="«_previous_—_Ferrari_road_car_timeline,_2000–present" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ferrari_car_timeline_1970s-1990s" title="Template:Ferrari car timeline 1970s-1990s">« previous</a> — <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferrari</a> road car timeline, 2000–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0; width:100%"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="9%">Type </td> <td colspan="10" width="35%">2000s </td> <td colspan="10" width="35%">2010s </td> <td colspan="6" width="21%">2020s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="3.5%">0</td> <td width="3.5%">1</td> <td width="3.5%">2</td> <td width="3.5%">3</td> <td width="3.5%">4</td> <td width="3.5%">5</td> <td width="3.5%">6</td> <td width="3.5%">7</td> <td width="3.5%">8</td> <td width="3.5%">9 </td> <td width="3.5%">0</td> <td width="3.5%">1</td> <td width="3.5%">2</td> <td width="3.5%">3</td> <td width="3.5%">4</td> <td width="3.5%">5</td> <td width="3.5%">6</td> <td width="3.5%">7</td> <td width="3.5%">8</td> <td width="3.5%">9 </td> <td width="3.5%">0</td> <td width="3.5%">1</td> <td width="3.5%">2</td> <td width="3.5%">3</td> <td width="3.5%">4</td> <td width="3.5%">5 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear mid-engine</a> <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_296" title="Ferrari 296">296 GTB / 296 GTS</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="6" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear mid-engine</a> <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360" title="Ferrari 360">360 Modena / 360 Spider</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458" title="Ferrari 458">458 Italia / 458 Spider</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F8" title="Ferrari F8">F8 Tributo / F8 Spider</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_360#Challenge_Stradale" title="Ferrari 360">Challenge Stradale</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430#430_Scuderia" title="Ferrari F430">430 Scuderia / Scuderia Spider 16M</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_458#458_Speciale_(2013–2015)" title="Ferrari 458">458 Speciale / 458 Speciale A</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488#488_Pista" title="Ferrari 488">488 Pista / 488 Pista Spider</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F430" title="Ferrari F430">F430 / F430 Spider</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_488" title="Ferrari 488">488 GTB / 488 Spider</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0D0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_SF90_Stradale" title="Ferrari SF90 Stradale">SF90 Stradale / SF90 Spider</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Convertible</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_California" title="Ferrari California">California / California 30</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_California#Ferrari_California_T_(2014–2017)" title="Ferrari California">California T</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Portofino" title="Ferrari Portofino">Portofino / Portofino M</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Roma#Ferrari_Roma_Spider" title="Ferrari Roma">Roma Spider</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0; line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2 GT</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Roma" title="Ferrari Roma">Roma</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GTC4Lusso" title="Ferrari GTC4Lusso">GTC4Lusso T</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0; line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2 GT</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_456#456M" title="Ferrari 456">456M</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_612_Scaglietti" title="Ferrari 612 Scaglietti">612 Scaglietti</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FF" title="Ferrari FF">FF</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_GTC4Lusso" title="Ferrari GTC4Lusso">GTC4Lusso</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0; line-height: 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_550" title="Ferrari 550">550 Maranello</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_575M_Maranello" title="Ferrari 575M Maranello">575M Maranello</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599" title="Ferrari 599">599 GTB Fiorano</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12" title="Ferrari F12">F12berlinetta</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_812_Superfast" title="Ferrari 812 Superfast">812 Superfast / 812 GTS</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_12Cilindri" title="Ferrari 12Cilindri">12Cilindri / 12Cilindri Spider</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_550#550_Barchetta_Pininfarina" title="Ferrari 550">550 Barchetta Pininfarina</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_575M_Maranello#Superamerica" title="Ferrari 575M Maranello">Superamerica</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599#599_GTO" title="Ferrari 599">599 GTO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599#SA_Aperta" title="Ferrari 599">SA Aperta</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12#F12tdf_(2015–2017)" title="Ferrari F12">F12tdf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F12#F60_America" title="Ferrari F12">F60 America</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_812_Superfast" title="Ferrari 812 Superfast">812 Competizione</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0; line-height: 1.3em;">Flagship <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports car</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Enzo" title="Ferrari Enzo">Enzo</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/LaFerrari" title="LaFerrari">LaFerrari</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/LaFerrari#LaFerrari_Aperta_(2016–2018)" title="LaFerrari">LaFerrari Aperta</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_F80" title="Ferrari F80">F80</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/XX_Programmes" title="XX Programmes">XX Programmes</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FXX" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari FXX">FXX</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FXX#FXX_Evo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari FXX">FXX Evo</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599XX" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 599XX">599XX</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_599XX#599XX_Evo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari 599XX">599XX Evo</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FXX-K" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari FXX-K">FXX K</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0D0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_FXX-K#FXX-K_Evo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari FXX-K">FXX K Evo</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0D0C0;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_SF90_XX_Stradale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrari SF90 XX Stradale">SF90 XX Stradale / Spider</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">Ferrari Icona </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Monza_SP" title="Ferrari Monza SP">Monza SP1 / SP2</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Daytona_SP3" title="Ferrari Daytona SP3">Daytona SP3</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Purosangue" title="Ferrari Purosangue">Purosangue</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">Legend </td> <td colspan="45" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain#Full_hybrids" title="Hybrid vehicle drivetrain">hybrid</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Automotive_industry_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Template:Automotive industry in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Automotive_industry_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Passenger cars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_commercial_vehicle" title="Light commercial vehicle">LCVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alk%C3%A8" title="Alkè">Alkè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobili_Estrema" title="Automobili Estrema">Automobili Estrema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobili_Turismo_e_Sport" title="Automobili Turismo e Sport">ATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobili_Pininfarina" title="Automobili Pininfarina">Automobili Pininfarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Tomaso" title="De Tomaso">De Tomaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_Automobiles" title="DR Automobiles">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducati_Motor_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducati Motor Holding">Ducati Motor Holding</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ferrari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industria_Italiana_Autobus" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria Italiana Autobus">Industria Italiana Autobus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Motors" title="Martin Motors">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazzanti_Automobili" title="Mazzanti Automobili">Mazzanti Automobili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BredaMenarinibus" title="BredaMenarinibus">Menarinibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornasari" title="Fornasari">Fornasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTO_Melara" title="OTO Melara">OTO Melara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagani_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagani (company)">Pagani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaggio" title="Piaggio">Piaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puritalia_Berlinetta" title="Puritalia Berlinetta">Puritalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk-FAW_Automotive" title="Silk-FAW Automotive">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abarth" title="Abarth">Abarth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giannini_Automobili" title="Giannini Automobili">Giannini Automobili</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo" title="Alfa Romeo">Alfa Romeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Professional" title="Fiat Professional">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancia" title="Lancia">Lancia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maserati" title="Maserati">Maserati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevel" title="Sevel">Sevel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">Commercial vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Veicoli_Industriali" title="Astra Veicoli Industriali">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveco_Bus" title="Iveco Bus">Iveco Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCV_Srl" title="SCV Srl">SCV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorised_quadricycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorised quadricycle">Quadricycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casalini" title="Casalini">Casalini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giotti_Victoria" title="Giotti Victoria">Giotti Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italcar" title="Italcar">Italcar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racing cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dallara" title="Dallara">Dallara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GISA_(Sports_prototype)" class="mw-redirect" title="GISA (Sports prototype)">GISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchini_Engineering" title="Lucchini Engineering">Lucchini Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifattura_Automobili_Torino" title="Manifattura Automobili Torino">M.A.T.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osella" title="Osella">Osella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picchio_Racing_Cars" title="Picchio Racing Cars">Picchio Racing Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatuus" title="Tatuus">Tatuus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Racing_Cars" title="Wolf Racing Cars">Wolf Racing Cars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design, engineering, and coachbuilding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_Design_Project1" title="Ares Design Project1">Ares Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_Engineering" title="B Engineering">B Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecomp" title="Cecomp">Cecomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Boneschi" title="Carrozzeria Boneschi">Carrozzeria Boneschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Castagna" title="Carrozzeria Castagna">Carrozzeria Castagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Ghia" title="Carrozzeria Ghia">Carrozzeria Ghia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Touring_Superleggera" title="Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera">Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ermini_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ermini (company) (page does not exist)">Ermini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fioravanti_(automotive)" title="Fioravanti (automotive)">Fioravanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giannini_Automobili" title="Giannini Automobili">Giannini Automobili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro" title="Italdesign Giugiaro">Italdesign Giugiaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelli_(company)" title="Morelli (company)">Morelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pininfarina" title="Pininfarina">Pininfarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stola_(automotive_company)" title="Stola (automotive company)">Stola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studiotorino" title="Studiotorino">Studiotorino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagato" title="Zagato">Zagato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger cars and LCVs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APIS_(automobiles)" title="APIS (automobiles)">APIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobili_Turismo_e_Sport" title="Automobili Turismo e Sport">ATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianchi_(company)" title="Bianchi (company)">Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizzarrini" title="Bizzarrini">Bizzarrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BredaMenarinibus" title="BredaMenarinibus">BredaMenarinibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceirano_Fabbrica_Automobili" title="Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili">Ceirano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiribiri" title="Chiribiri">Chiribiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisitalia" title="Cisitalia">Cisitalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cizeta" title="Cizeta">Cizeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatto" title="Diatto">Diatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_S.p.A." title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat S.p.A.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobianchi" title="Autobianchi">Autobianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenti" title="Innocenti">Innocenti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotta_Fraschini" title="Isotta Fraschini">Isotta Fraschini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itala_(company)" title="Itala (company)">Itala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qvale" title="Qvale">Qvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iso_(automobile)" title="Iso (automobile)">Iso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O.S.C.A." title="O.S.C.A.">O.S.C.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCAT_(automobile)" title="SCAT (automobile)">S.C.A.T.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siata" title="Siata">Siata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zust" title="Zust">Zust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremach" title="Bremach">Bremach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Simon" title="De Simon">De Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officine_Meccaniche" title="Officine Meccaniche">OM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.P.A._(automobile)" title="S.P.A. (automobile)">S.P.A.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quadricycles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grecav" title="Grecav">Grecav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racing cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automobili_Stanguellini" title="Automobili Stanguellini">Stanguellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandini_Automobili" title="Bandini Automobili">Bandini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design, engineering, and coachbuilding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Barbi" title="Carrozzeria Barbi">Carrozzeria Barbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Garavini" title="Carrozzeria Garavini">Carrozzeria Garavini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggiora_(manufacturer)" title="Maggiora (manufacturer)">Carrozzeria Maggiora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone" title="Gruppo Bertone">Gruppo Bertone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I.DE.A_Institute" title="I.DE.A Institute">I.DE.A Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accossato" title="Accossato">Accossato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcantara_(material)" title="Alcantara (material)">Alcantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_(motorcycle_part_manufacturer)" title="Arrow (motorcycle part manufacturer)">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borrani" title="Borrani">Borrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brembo" title="Brembo">Brembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceriani" title="Ceriani">Ceriani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colotti_Trasmissioni" title="Colotti Trasmissioni">Colotti Trasmissioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell%27Orto" title="Dell'Orto">Dell'Orto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FPT_Industrial" title="FPT Industrial">FPT Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VM_Motori" title="VM Motori">VM Motori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondmetal" title="Fondmetal">Fondmetal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graziano_Trasmissioni" title="Graziano Trasmissioni">Graziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICP_srl" title="ICP srl">ICP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotta_Fraschini" title="Isotta Fraschini">Isotta Fraschini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landi_Renzo" title="Landi Renzo">Landi Renzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardini_S.r.l." title="Lombardini S.r.l.">Lombardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marelli_Europe" title="Marelli Europe">Marelli Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carello_Lighting" title="Carello Lighting">Carello Lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_carburetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Weber carburetor">Weber carburetor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malossi" title="Malossi">Malossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Motors" title="Martin Motors">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzocchi" title="Marzocchi">Marzocchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momo_(company)" title="Momo (company)">MOMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMP_Racing" title="OMP Racing">OMP Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OZ_Group" title="OZ Group">OZ Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli">Pirelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polini" title="Polini">Polini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltrona_Frau" title="Poltrona Frau">Poltrona Frau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raicam_Industrie" title="Raicam Industrie">Raicam Industrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabelt" title="Sabelt">Sabelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCAM_Srl" class="mw-redirect" title="SCAM Srl">SCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparco" title="Sparco">Sparco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA" title="SPICA">SPICA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Italia" title="Ford Italia">Ford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Motor_Show" title="Bologna Motor Show">Bologna Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show" title="Turin Auto Show">Turin Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autopromotec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autopromotec (page does not exist)">Autopromotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_NCAP" title="Euro NCAP">Euro NCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autostrade_of_Italy" title="Autostrade of Italy">Autostrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Category:Automotive industry in Italy">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_Italy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automotive industry in Italy">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27586#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27586#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27586#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406145235">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/193720481">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2092682-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83123873">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119444373">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119444373">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00697031">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph138618&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5081887">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007336646205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13426945?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/10708">Museum of Modern Art</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029216095">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dj9qtx">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&oldid=1258566327">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferrari&oldid=1258566327</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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