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id="toc-Balance_and_smoothness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balance_and_smoothness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Balance and smoothness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balance_and_smoothness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Size_and_displacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size_and_displacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Size and displacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size_and_displacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_marine_vessels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_marine_vessels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage in marine vessels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_marine_vessels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_airplanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_airplanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usage in airplanes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage_in_airplanes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage in airplanes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_airplanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1900s_to_1930s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900s_to_1930s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1900s to 1930s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900s_to_1930s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1940s_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940s_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1940s to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940s_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_automobiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_automobiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Usage in automobiles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage_in_automobiles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage in automobiles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_automobiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1910s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1910s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1910s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1910s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1920s_to_1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920s_to_1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>1920s to 1940s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920s_to_1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945_to_1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945_to_1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>1945 to 1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945_to_1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>1970s to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_V12_production_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_V12_production_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>List of V12 production engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_V12_production_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motor_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motor_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Motor racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motor_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_trucks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_trucks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Usage in trucks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_trucks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_railway_locomotives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_railway_locomotives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Usage in railway locomotives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_railway_locomotives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_armoured_fighting_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_armoured_fighting_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Usage in armoured fighting vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_armoured_fighting_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12-enjin" title="V12-enjin – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="V12-enjin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_V12" title="محرك V12 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محرك V12" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="V12 двигател – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="V12 двигател" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12" title="V12 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="V12" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvan%C3%A1ctiv%C3%A1lcov%C3%BD_vidlicov%C3%BD_motor" title="Dvanáctiválcový vidlicový motor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvanáctiválcový vidlicový motor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12-motor" title="V12-motor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="V12-motor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C3%B6lfzylindermotor" title="Zwölfzylindermotor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zwölfzylindermotor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12-mootor" title="V12-mootor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="V12-mootor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_V12" title="Motor V12 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motor V12" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%B1%DB%B2" title="موتور وی۱۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور وی۱۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_V12" title="Moteur V12 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moteur V12" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_V12" title="Motor V12 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Motor V12" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12_%EC%97%94%EC%A7%84" title="V12 엔진 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="V12 엔진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_V12" title="Mesin V12 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesin V12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_V12" title="Motore V12 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Motore V12" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12_dzin%C4%93js" title="V12 dzinējs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="V12 dzinējs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12" title="V12 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="V12" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_V12" title="محرك V12 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محرك V12" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E5%9E%8B12%E6%B0%97%E7%AD%92" title="V型12気筒 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="V型12気筒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12-motor" title="V12-motor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="V12-motor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12-motor" title="V12-motor – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="V12-motor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12" title="V12 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="V12" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_V12" title="Motor V12 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motor V12" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Двенадцатицилиндровый двигатель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двенадцатицилиндровый двигатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="V12 engine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvan%C3%A1s%C5%A5valcov%C3%BD_vidlicov%C3%BD_motor" title="Dvanásťvalcový vidlicový motor – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dvanásťvalcový vidlicový motor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12-moottori" title="V12-moottori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="V12-moottori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12" title="V12 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="V12" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12_motor" title="V12 motor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="V12 motor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD_V12" title="Двигун V12 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Двигун V12" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/V12%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="V12发动机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="V12发动机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q245272#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Piston engine with 12 cylinders in V-configuration</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/V12_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="V12 (disambiguation)">V12 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porsche_3512_engine_rear-left_2019_Prototyp_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Porsche_3512_engine_rear-left_2019_Prototyp_Museum.jpg/220px-Porsche_3512_engine_rear-left_2019_Prototyp_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Porsche_3512_engine_rear-left_2019_Prototyp_Museum.jpg/330px-Porsche_3512_engine_rear-left_2019_Prototyp_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Porsche_3512_engine_rear-left_2019_Prototyp_Museum.jpg/440px-Porsche_3512_engine_rear-left_2019_Prototyp_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>1991 <a href="/wiki/Porsche_3512" title="Porsche 3512">Porsche 3512</a> Formula One engine</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>V12 engine</b> is a twelve-<a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinder</a> <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine#Reciprocating_engines" title="Internal combustion engine">piston engine</a> where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a <a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V configuration</a> around a common <a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">crankshaft</a>. V12 engines are more common than <a href="/wiki/V10_engine" title="V10 engine">V10 engines</a>. However, they are less common than <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8 engines</a>. </p><p>The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in <a href="/wiki/Boat_racing" title="Boat racing">racing boats</a>. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of <a href="/wiki/Engine_power" title="Engine power">power</a>, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, following which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s. </p><p>Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balance_and_smoothness">Balance and smoothness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Balance and smoothness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each bank of a V12 engine essentially functions as a <a href="/wiki/Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">straight-six engine</a>, which by itself has perfect primary and secondary <a href="/wiki/Engine_balance" title="Engine balance">engine balance</a>. A four-stroke V12 engine has even firing order at V-angles of 60, 120, or 180 degrees<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many V12 engines use a V-angle of 60 degrees between the two banks of cylinders.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V12 engines with other V-angles have been produced, sometimes using split <a href="/wiki/Crankpin" title="Crankpin">crankpins</a> to reduce the unbalanced vibrations. The drawbacks of V12 engines include extra cost, complexity, friction losses, and external size and weight, compared with engines containing fewer cylinders. </p><p>At any given time, three of the cylinders in a V12 engine are in their power stroke, which increases the smoothness of the power delivery by eliminating gaps between power pulses. </p><p>A V12 engine with a 180 degree V-angle is often called a <a href="/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine" title="Flat-twelve engine">flat-twelve engine</a>. These are also sometimes called 'boxer twelve' engines, however this terminology is incorrect for the majority of 180-degree V12 engines, since they use shared crankpins and are therefore not configured as boxer engines.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theoretically, the rotating parts of a V12 racing engine could be lighter than a crossplane V8 engine of similar displacement due to the V12 engine not requiring counterweights on the crankshaft or as much inertial mass for the flywheel. In addition, the exhaust system of a V12 engine is much simpler than would be required for a crossplane V8 engine to achieve pulsed exhaust gas tuning. However, the use of V12 engines in motor racing is uncommon in the 21st century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size_and_displacement">Size and displacement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Size and displacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 60-degree V12 engine is typically narrower than a 90-degree V6 or V8 engine of similar displacement. However, the V12 engine is usually longer than V6 and V8 engines. The added length often makes it difficult to fit a V12 engine into a passenger car, but the length is not typically a problem for trucks and stationary applications. Due to its narrower width, the V12 is common as locomotive, armoured tank, and marine engines. In these applications, the width of the engine is constrained by tight <a href="/wiki/Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">railway clearances</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lane" title="Lane">street widths</a>, while the length of the vehicle is more flexible. </p><p>In twin-propeller boats, two V12 engines can be narrow enough to sit side by side, while three V12 engines are sometimes used in high-speed three-propeller configurations. Large, fast cruise ships can have six or more V12 engines. In historic piston-engine fighter and bomber aircraft, the long, narrow V12 configuration used in high-performance aircraft made them more streamlined than other engines, particularly the short, wide <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_marine_vessels">Usage in marine vessels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Usage in marine vessels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V-12_D%C3%B6rwald_marine_motor.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/V-12_D%C3%B6rwald_marine_motor.JPG/220px-V-12_D%C3%B6rwald_marine_motor.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/V-12_D%C3%B6rwald_marine_motor.JPG/330px-V-12_D%C3%B6rwald_marine_motor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/V-12_D%C3%B6rwald_marine_motor.JPG/440px-V-12_D%C3%B6rwald_marine_motor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>1904 Craig-Dörwald racing boat engine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Main_Engines,_V12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Two_Main_Engines%2C_V12.jpg/220px-Two_Main_Engines%2C_V12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Two_Main_Engines%2C_V12.jpg/330px-Two_Main_Engines%2C_V12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Two_Main_Engines%2C_V12.jpg/440px-Two_Main_Engines%2C_V12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Two large marine engines</figcaption></figure> <p>The first V-engine (a V-twin design) was built by <a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Daimler#First_Daimler-Maybach_automobile_built_(1889)" title="Gottlieb Daimler">Daimler</a> in 1889,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then the first V8 engine was built by <a href="/wiki/Antoinette_(manufacturer)" title="Antoinette (manufacturer)">Antoinette</a> in 1903. These were followed by the first V12 engine in 1904, which was built by Putney Motor Works in London for use in racing boats.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known as the "Craig-Dörwald" engine after Putney's founding partners,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the V12 engine was based on Putney's existing two-cylinder engine with a <a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">flathead</a> design, a V-angle of 90 degrees and an aluminium crankcase. As in many marine engines, the camshaft could be slid longitudinally to engage a second set of <a href="/wiki/Cam_(mechanism)" title="Cam (mechanism)">cams</a>, giving valve timing that reversed the engine's rotation to achieve <a href="/wiki/Astern_propulsion" title="Astern propulsion">astern propulsion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine had a displacement of 18.4 L (1,120 cu in) a weight of 430 kg (950 lb) and developed 12 m (40 ft) racing boats, but little is known of its racing achievements.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two more V12s appeared in the 1909-1910 motor boat racing season. The Lamb Boat & Engine Company in the United States built a 25.5 L (1,559 cu in) engine for the company's 10 m (32 ft) 'Lamb IV' boat. The Orleans Motor Company built a massive 56.8 L (3,464 cu in) flathead V12 engine with a power output quoted as "nearly 298 kW (400 bhp)". In 1914, <a href="/wiki/Panhard" title="Panhard">Panhard</a> built two 38.6 L (2,356 cu in) V12 engines with four valves per cylinder, which were designed for use in racing boats.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Large V12 diesel engines are common in modern cruise ships, which may have up to six such engines.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of a currently produced V12 marine engine is the <i>Wärtsilä 46F</i> engine, where the V12 version has a displacement of 1,157 L (70,604 cu in) and a power output of 14,400 kW (19,300 hp).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_airplanes">Usage in airplanes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage in airplanes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900s_to_1930s">1900s to 1930s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1900s to 1930s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberty_V12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Liberty_V12.jpg/220px-Liberty_V12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Liberty_V12.jpg/330px-Liberty_V12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Liberty_V12.jpg/440px-Liberty_V12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1427" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1917 <a href="/wiki/Liberty_L-12" title="Liberty L-12">Liberty L-12</a> airplane engine</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Renault130hp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Renault130hp.jpg/220px-Renault130hp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Renault130hp.jpg/330px-Renault130hp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Renault130hp.jpg/440px-Renault130hp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3002" data-file-height="2098" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Renault 12Dc airplane engine, circa 1925</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> introduced the first V12 engine for aircraft with their <a href="/wiki/Renault_90_hp" title="Renault 90 hp">90 hp model of 1912</a>. This engine had a V-angle of 60 degrees, air cooling and an <a href="/wiki/IOE_engine" title="IOE engine">intake over exhaust</a> (F-head) valve arrangement. The propeller was driven from the front end of the camshaft, thus spinning the propeller speed at half the speed of a typical crankshaft driven propeller, in order to improve the propeller efficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Renault engine was closely mimicked by the <a href="/wiki/RAF_4" title="RAF 4">RAF 4</a> and its derivatives,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which was used by various British military aircraft during World War I. The RAF 4 engine had a displacement of 13.2 L (806 cu in), weighed 289 kg (637 lb) and produced 104 kW (140 hp) at 1,800 rpm. </p><p>In March 1914, a prototype version of the <a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Crusader#Variants" title="Sunbeam Crusader">Sunbeam Mohawk</a> V12 engine was unveiled in the United Kingdom, based on the 'Toodles V' motor racing engine. The production version was rated at 168 kW (225 hp) at 2,000 rpm, making it the most powerful airplane engine in Great Britain at the outbreak of World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During and after World War I, various companies in the United States produced the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_L-12" title="Liberty L-12">Liberty L-12</a> engine. In Austria, the <a href="/wiki/Austro_Daimler" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro Daimler">Austro Daimler</a> V12 engines were used by the large flying boats of the Naval Air Force and produced up to 257 kW (345 hp). By the end of World War I, V12s were well established in aviation, powering some of the newest and largest fighter and bomber airplanes. </p><p>After World War I, many <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelins</a> used V12 engines built by <a href="/wiki/Maybach" title="Maybach">Maybach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft">Daimler</a>. V12 engines powered the first transatlantic crossings by the Curtiss NC flying boats (using four Liberty L-12 engines), the first non-stop transatlantic crossing in a Vickers Vimy (using two <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Eagle" title="Rolls-Royce Eagle">Rolls-Royce Eagle</a> engines) and the first transatlantic crossing by an airship in the R-34 class airship (using five <a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Maori" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunbeam Maori">Sunbeam Maori</a> engines). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940s_to_present">1940s to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1940s to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YorkMerlin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/YorkMerlin.JPG/220px-YorkMerlin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/YorkMerlin.JPG/330px-YorkMerlin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/YorkMerlin.JPG/440px-YorkMerlin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>1946 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Rolls-Royce Merlin</a> airplane engine in an <a href="/wiki/Avro_York" title="Avro York">Avro York</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>V12 engines reached their apogee during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> with engines such as the British <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Rolls-Royce Merlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Griffon" title="Rolls-Royce Griffon">Rolls-Royce Griffon</a>, the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Klimov_VK-107" title="Klimov VK-107">Klimov VK-107</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikulin_AM-38" title="Mikulin AM-38">Mikulin AM-38</a>, the American <a href="/wiki/Allison_V-1710_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allison V-1710 engine">Allison V-1710</a>, and the German <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz_DB_600" title="Daimler-Benz DB 600">Daimler-Benz DB 600</a> and <a href="/wiki/Junkers#Junkers_Jumo" title="Junkers">Junkers Jumo</a>. These engines generated about 750 kW (1,000 hp) at the beginning of the war and over 1,100 kW (1,500 hp) at their ultimate evolution stage. This rapid increase in power outputs was due to technology such as multi-speed <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">superchargers</a> and high <a href="/wiki/Octane_rating" title="Octane rating">octane</a> fuels, and the V12 layout was commonly adopted due to its low vibrations so that the powerful engines did not tear apart the light airframes of fighters. </p><p>The Allied forces used V12 engines with an "upright" design, while many German engines (aside from the <a href="/wiki/BMW_VI" title="BMW VI">BMW VI</a>, which was designed prior to World War II), used an <a href="/wiki/Inline_engine_(aeronautics)#Inverted_engine" title="Inline engine (aeronautics)">inverted engine</a> design, which had a lower centre of gravity and improved pilot visibility for single-engined designs. The only American-design inverted V12 engine of any type to see even limited service in World War II was the air-cooled <a href="/wiki/Ranger_V-770" title="Ranger V-770">Ranger V-770</a>, which was used in aircraft that were only used for training purposes within the United States, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AT-21_Gunner" title="Fairchild AT-21 Gunner">Fairchild AT-21 Gunner</a>. </p><p>The Rolls-Royce Merlin V12 engine was used in several British aircraft including the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a> fighters, and the <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquito</a> bombers. The Hurricane and Spitfire played vital roles in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>. The long, narrow configuration of the V12 contributed to good aerodynamics, while its smoothness allowed its use with relatively light and fragile airframes. </p><p>In the United States, the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine was produced under license by Packard Motor Car Company, which was used in the <a href="/wiki/P-51_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustang</a> fighter. This engine was also incorporated into some models of the Curtiss P-40, specifically the P-40F and P-40L. Packard Merlins powered Canadian-built Hurricane, Lancaster, and Mosquito aircraft, as well as the UK-built <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin_powered_variants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin powered variants)">Spitfire Mark XVI</a>, which was otherwise the same as the Mark IX with its British-built Merlin. The <a href="/wiki/Allison_V-1710" title="Allison V-1710">Allison V-1710</a> was the only liquid-cooled V12 engine designed in the United States that was used on active service during World War II. It was initially used in the <a href="/wiki/P-38_Lightning" class="mw-redirect" title="P-38 Lightning">P-38 Lightning</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Turbosupercharger" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbosupercharger">turbosupercharger</a> system required bulky ductwork and had poor high-altitude performance. In 1943, a version using a more conventional mechanical <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharger</a> began production. </p><p>After World War II, V12 engines became generally obsolete in aircraft due to the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a> engines that had more power for their weight, and fewer complications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_automobiles">Usage in automobiles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Usage in automobiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint" style="float:right;clear:none"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagani_Zonda_R.ogg" title="File:Pagani Zonda R.ogg">Pagani Zonda R</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="Pagani_Zonda_R.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Pagani_Zonda_R.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Pagani_Zonda_R.ogg/Pagani_Zonda_R.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>In automobiles, V12 engines are less common than engines with fewer cylinders, due to their size, complexity, and cost. They have been mostly used for expensive sports and luxury cars thanks to their power, smooth operation, and distinctive sound. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1910s">1910s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1910s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1916Packard1-35TownCarLimoKimballEngine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1916Packard1-35TownCarLimoKimballEngine.jpg/220px-1916Packard1-35TownCarLimoKimballEngine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1916Packard1-35TownCarLimoKimballEngine.jpg/330px-1916Packard1-35TownCarLimoKimballEngine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1916Packard1-35TownCarLimoKimballEngine.jpg/440px-1916Packard1-35TownCarLimoKimballEngine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>1916 <a href="/wiki/Packard#1906–1930" title="Packard">Packard Twin Six</a> engine</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the earliest recorded uses of V12 engines in automobiles was in October 1913, when a custom-built racing car competed at the Brooklands circuit in the United Kingdom. The car was entered by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Coatalen" title="Louis Coatalen">Louis Coatalen</a>, who was chief engineer of the Sunbeam Motor Car Company. It was named 'Toodles V' (after Coatalen's pet name for his wife) and achieved several speed records in 1913 and 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludvigsen_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludvigsen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The V12 engine had a displacement of 9.0 L (549 cu in), an aluminum crankcase, iron cylinders with L-shaped combustion chambers, a cam-in-block valvetrain and a V-angle of 60 degrees. Each bank of the engine consisted of two-cylinder blocks with three cylinders each. Valve clearance was set by grinding the relevant parts, the engine lacking any easy means of adjustment. This reflected the intention for the engine to be later used in aircraft since any adjustment method that could go wrong in flight was to be avoided. As initially built, the V12 was rated at 150 kW (200 bhp) at 2,400 rpm and weighed approximately 340 kg (750 lb). </p><p>Amongst the first production cars to use a V12 engine were the 1915 <a href="/wiki/Packard#1906–1930" title="Packard">Packard Twin Six</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 1915 <i>National</i> V12 engine<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the 1917 <a href="/wiki/Weidely_Motors_Company" title="Weidely Motors Company">Weidely Pathfinder</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of which were built in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920s_to_1940s">1920s to 1940s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1920s to 1940s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1931Cadillac370AcoupeV12-engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1931Cadillac370AcoupeV12-engine.jpg/220px-1931Cadillac370AcoupeV12-engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1931Cadillac370AcoupeV12-engine.jpg/330px-1931Cadillac370AcoupeV12-engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1931Cadillac370AcoupeV12-engine.jpg/440px-1931Cadillac370AcoupeV12-engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>1931 <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_V-12#Series_370_(1931–1935)" title="Cadillac V-12">Cadillac Series 370A</a> engine</figcaption></figure> <p>During the late 1920s, the number of marques offering V12 engines for their passenger cars increased and peaked in the 1930s. The lack of vibration and sound, inherent smoothness, and increased power were cited as key benefits for V12 engines.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Automobile petrol produced in the 1920s and 1930s had lower <a href="/wiki/Octane_rating" title="Octane rating">octane rating</a>, leading to lower engine performance ratings, and <a href="/wiki/Bushing_(isolator)#History" title="Bushing (isolator)">vibration isolating engine mounts</a> were rarely fitted to the passenger cars in the 1920s and the early 1930s. Adding more cylinders to the engine was one of several techniques for performance increase. </p><p>European passenger cars with V12 engines were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_520" title="Fiat 520">Fiat 520 'Superfiat'</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Double-Six_sleeve-valve_V12" title="Daimler Double-Six sleeve-valve V12">Daimler Double-Six</a> (several models built at different times from 1926 to 1938)</li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horch_12" class="extiw" title="de:Horch 12">Horch 12</a> (1931–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_J12" title="Hispano-Suiza J12">Hispano-Suiza J12</a> (1931–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybach_Zeppelin" title="Maybach Zeppelin">Maybach Zeppelin</a> DS 7 (1928–1930) and DS 8 (1930–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_III" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom III">Rolls-Royce Phantom III</a> (1936–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatra_80" title="Tatra 80">Tatra 80</a> (1931–1935)</li></ul> <p>American passenger cars with V12 engines were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Automobile" title="Auburn Automobile">Auburn V-12 Speedster</a> (1932–1934)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_V-12" title="Cadillac V-12">Cadillac V-12</a> (1931–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(automobile)" title="Franklin (automobile)">Franklin V-12</a> (1932–1934)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_K_series" title="Lincoln K series">Lincoln K-series/Model K</a> (1931–1940) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Custom" title="Lincoln Custom">Custom</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Continental#First_generation_(1940–1942,_1946–1948)" title="Lincoln Continental">Continental</a> (1940–1948)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Zephyr" title="Lincoln-Zephyr">Lincoln-Zephyr V-12</a> (1936–1942) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Zephyr#H-series" title="Lincoln-Zephyr">H-series</a> (1946–1948)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard_Twelve" title="Packard Twelve">Packard Twin Six</a> (1916–1923 and 1932) <ul><li>Packard 905 (1916–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard_Twelve" title="Packard Twelve">Packard Twelve</a> (1933–1939)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce-Arrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierce-Arrow">Pierce-Arrow Twelve</a> (1932–1938)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Silver_Arrow" title="Pierce Silver Arrow">Pierce Silver Arrow</a> (1933)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The economic hardships caused the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> meant that all American automakers except for Lincoln had discontinued production of V12 engines by the end of the 1930s. Lincoln themselves would cease V12 production in 1948, and no American automaker has built V12 engines since. Improvements in engine design, namely combustion chamber, piston form, fuel delivery system, and such enabled the lighter and cheaper V8 engines to surpass V12 engines in performance. </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945_to_1960s">1945 to 1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1945 to 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg/220px-1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg/330px-1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg/440px-1961_Ferrari_250_TR_61_Spyder_Fantuzzi_engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>1961 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Colombo_engine" title="Ferrari Colombo engine">Ferrari Colombo engine</a> in a <i>Ferrari 250TR Spyder</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the end of the Second World War, the economic austerity and changes in taste in many European countries led to the demise of luxury automobiles with V12 engines in the 1940s and 1950s. Lincoln continued the limited production of luxury cars with V12 engines from 1946 to 1948. The American manufacturers focused on continuously improving V8 engines and their performances through the 1950s, leading to the first "horsepower war" in the 1960s. </p><p>In Italy, <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Ferrari" title="Enzo Ferrari">Enzo Ferrari</a>, who had long admired the V12 engines of <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo" title="Alfa Romeo">Alfa Romeo</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (His former employer), introduced his first passenger car, <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_166_Inter" title="Ferrari 166 Inter">Ferrari 166 Inter</a>, in 1948 and fitted it with 2.0 L (122 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Colombo_engine" title="Ferrari Colombo engine">Colombo</a> V12 engine. Dissatisfied with the reliability and crudeness of his Ferrari 250 GT, <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Lamborghini" title="Ferruccio Lamborghini">Ferruccio Lamborghini</a> wanted to develop his own passenger cars that were more cultured and more reliable than the cars produced by Ferrari. His first passenger car, a grand tourer, was <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini_350_GT" title="Lamborghini 350 GT">350 GT</a> with 3.5 L (214 cu in) DOHC engine. Both manufacturers have a long history of producing vehicles with V12 engines, which continues uninterrupted to this day. </p><p>Cadillac experimented with V12 engines in 1963 and 1964 as a potential engine option for its first-ever front-wheel-drive car, <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Eldorado" title="Cadillac Eldorado">Cadillac Eldorado</a>. However, Cadillac was unsatisfied with the performance of its V12 engine, having little advantage over the large displacement V8 that was cheaper to enlarge for more power.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_to_present">1970s to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1970s to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaguar_V12_engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Jaguar_V12_engine.jpg/220px-Jaguar_V12_engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Jaguar_V12_engine.jpg/330px-Jaguar_V12_engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Jaguar_V12_engine.jpg/440px-Jaguar_V12_engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption>1971–1975 <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_V12_engine" title="Jaguar V12 engine">Jaguar V12 engine</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMG_Mercedes_V12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/AMG_Mercedes_V12.jpg/220px-AMG_Mercedes_V12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/AMG_Mercedes_V12.jpg/330px-AMG_Mercedes_V12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/AMG_Mercedes_V12.jpg/440px-AMG_Mercedes_V12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>1991–1997 <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_M120_engine" title="Mercedes-Benz M120 engine">Mercedes-Benz M120 engine</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In Europe, several manufacturers added V12 engines to their line-up, as listed below: </p> <ul><li>Jaguar: The <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_V12_engine" title="Jaguar V12 engine">Jaguar V12 engine</a> was an all-aluminium SOHC design with displacements of 5.3–6.0 L (323–366 cu in) that was produced from 1971 to 1997 in the <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_E-Type" title="Jaguar E-Type">E-Type</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XJS" title="Jaguar XJS">XJS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XJ" title="Jaguar XJ">XJ.</a> The first application for the engine was a 5.3 litre version used in the Jaguar E-Type sports car.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BMW: Production of V12 engines began with the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M70" title="BMW M70">BMW M70</a> SOHC engine introduced in the 1987 <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E32)" title="BMW 7 Series (E32)">E32 7 Series</a> luxury sedan. The engine was also used in the <a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series_(E31)" title="BMW 8 Series (E31)">E31 8 Series.</a> The engine was upgraded to a DOHC V12 engine in 2003, then to a turbocharged DOHC V12 engine which has been in production from 2008 to the present in the 7 Series.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BMW V12 engines have also been used in several Rolls-Royce models, beginning in 1998 with the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Seraph" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph">Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph</a>.</li> <li>Mercedes-Benz: The company's first V12 engine was the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_M120_engine" title="Mercedes-Benz M120 engine">M120</a>, a 6.0 L (366 cu in) DOHC engine introduced in the 1991 <i>Mercedes-Benz 600 SE</i> luxury sedan. This engine was replaced by a SOHC V12 engine in 1998, then a turbocharged SOHC V12 engine which has been in production for 2003 to the present.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mercedes-Benz V12 engines have also been used in several Maybach models, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Maybach_57_and_62" title="Maybach 57 and 62">Maybach 57 and 62</a> in 2002.</li> <li>Aston Martin: The 1999 <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_DB7#V12_Vantage" title="Aston Martin DB7">Aston Martin DB7 V12 Vantage</a> used the company's first V12 engine, a 5.9 L (362 cu in) DOHC design. Variations of this engine were used in the <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_Vanquish" title="Aston Martin Vanquish">Vanquish</a><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_DB9" title="Aston Martin DB9">, DB9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_DBS_V12" class="mw-redirect" title="Aston Martin DBS V12">DBS V12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_Rapide" title="Aston Martin Rapide">Rapide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_Virage" title="Aston Martin Virage">Virage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_Vantage_(2005)" title="Aston Martin Vantage (2005)">V12 Vantage</a>. This engine was replaced by a turbocharged DOHC V12 engine, which was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_DB11" title="Aston Martin DB11">Aston Martin DB11</a> and has been produced from 2016 to the present.</li> <li>Audi: The 2008–2012 <a href="/wiki/Audi_Q7" title="Audi Q7">Q7</a> SUV was powered by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines#5.9_V12_48V_TDI_CR_DPF_368kW" title="List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines">Audi 6.0 V12 48v TDI engine</a>, which was the first V12 diesel engine used in a production car.</li></ul> <p>In the United States, no mass-produced V12 engines have been built since the 1940s, with U.S. manufacturers preferring to use large displacement V8 engines instead. </p><p>Japanese manufacturers rarely produce engines with large displacements, therefore V12 engines are very rare. The sole Japanese V12 engine is the 1997–2016 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_GZ_engine" title="Toyota GZ engine">Toyota GZ engine</a>, a 5.0 L (305 cu in) DOHC design which was used in the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Century" title="Toyota Century">Toyota Century</a> limousine.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In China, the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Hongqi_HQE" title="Hongqi HQE">Hongqi HQE</a> limousine, powered by a 6.0 L (366 cu in) DOHC V12 engine, is the sole Chinese car to be produced with a V12 engine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Need proof that this car actually reached production (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_V12_production_engines">List of V12 production engines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of V12 production engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:V12_engines" title="Category:V12 engines">Category:V12 engines</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motor_racing">Motor racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Motor racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint" style="float:right;clear:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_250_GT_SWB_Breadvan_(1961).ogg" title="File:Ferrari 250 GT SWB Breadvan (1961).ogg">1961 Ferrari 250 GT Drogo</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="35" data-mwtitle="Ferrari_250_GT_SWB_Breadvan_(1961).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Ferrari_250_GT_SWB_Breadvan_%281961%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/Ferrari_250_GT_SWB_Breadvan_%281961%29.ogg/Ferrari_250_GT_SWB_Breadvan_%281961%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_512S_(1969).ogg" title="File:Ferrari 512S (1969).ogg">1969 Ferrari 512S</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Ferrari_512S_(1969).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Ferrari_512S_%281969%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/Ferrari_512S_%281969%29.ogg/Ferrari_512S_%281969%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Matra-Simca_MS670B_(1974).ogg" title="File:Matra-Simca MS670B (1974).ogg">1974 Matra-Simca MS670B</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="39" data-mwtitle="Matra-Simca_MS670B_(1974).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Matra-Simca_MS670B_%281974%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Matra-Simca_MS670B_%281974%29.ogg/Matra-Simca_MS670B_%281974%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> </div> <p>V12 engines have often been used in Formula One, particularly from the <a href="/wiki/1966_Formula_One_season" title="1966 Formula One season">1966 season</a> to the <a href="/wiki/1969_Formula_One_season" title="1969 Formula One season">1969 season</a>. The first V12 engine used in Formula One was in the 1964 <a href="/wiki/Honda_RA271" title="Honda RA271">Honda RA271</a> racing car, and continued through to the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Honda_RA301" title="Honda RA301">Honda RA301</a> racing car. The 1966 season saw V12 engines become popular, with new V12 engines from Ferrari, Maserati, and Weslake. Ferrari's engine debuted in the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_312" title="Ferrari 312">Ferrari 312</a> racing car and was used up to the 1975 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_312B" title="Ferrari 312B">Ferrari 312B</a>, after which Ferrari switched to a flat-twelve engine. Maserati's engine was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Cooper_T81" title="Cooper T81">Cooper T81</a> and was used until the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Cooper_T86" title="Cooper T86">Cooper T86</a>. The Weslake V12 engine was used from 1966 to 1968 and was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Mk1" title="Eagle Mk1">Eagle Mk1</a> racing car. BRM produced V12 engines from the 1968 <a href="/wiki/BRM_P133" title="BRM P133">BRM P133</a> racing car until the 1977 <a href="/wiki/BRM_P207" title="BRM P207">BRM P207</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Matra_Sports_V12_engine" title="Matra Sports V12 engine">Matra Sports V12 engine</a> was introduced in the 1968 <i>Matra MS11</i> racing car and used until the 1978 <a href="/wiki/Ligier_JS9" title="Ligier JS9">Ligier JS9</a>. Few V12 engines were used in the following decade, with the exception of the Alfa Romeo V12 which was first used by the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Brabham_BT48" title="Brabham BT48">Brabham BT48</a> and then by Alfa Romeo until the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_182" title="Alfa Romeo 182">Alfa Romeo 182</a>. </p><p>A resurgence of V12 engines in Formula One began in 1989, with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_640" title="Ferrari 640">Ferrari 640</a> racing car. Ferrari continued to use V12 engines until the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_412_T2" title="Ferrari 412 T2">Ferrari 412 T2</a> became the last Formula One car to use a V12 engine. The <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini_V12#Formula_One" title="Lamborghini V12">Lamborghini LE3512</a> engine was used by various teams between 1989 and 1993. The <i>Honda RA122-E</i> engine was first used in the 1991 <a href="/wiki/McLaren_MP4/6" title="McLaren MP4/6">McLaren MP4/6</a> and was raced until the 1992 <a href="/wiki/McLaren_MP4/7A" title="McLaren MP4/7A">McLaren MP4/7A</a>. The <i>Yamaha OX99</i> engine was used in the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Brabham_BT59" title="Brabham BT59">Brabham BT59</a> through to the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Brabham_BT60" title="Brabham BT60">Brabham BT60</a>. The most powerful naturally-aspirated V12 engine used in Formula One was the <i>Tipo 043</i>, used by <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Ferrari</a> in <a href="/wiki/1994_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1994 Formula One World Championship">1994</a>, which produced 850 hp (630 kW) @ 15,800 rpm.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In prototype sports car racing, the highly successful 2006–2008 <a href="/wiki/Audi_R10_TDI" title="Audi R10 TDI">Audi R10 TDI</a> used a <a href="/wiki/Turbodiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbodiesel">diesel twin-turbo</a> V12 engine. The <a href="/wiki/Peugeot_908_HDi_FAP" title="Peugeot 908 HDi FAP">Peugeot 908 HDi FAP</a>, introduced in 2007, also used a diesel twin-turbo V12 engine. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Formula One engines</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambo_V12_F1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1989–1993 Lamborghini LE3512"><img alt="1989–1993 Lamborghini LE3512" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lambo_V12_F1.JPG/300px-Lambo_V12_F1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lambo_V12_F1.JPG/451px-Lambo_V12_F1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Lambo_V12_F1.JPG/600px-Lambo_V12_F1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1989–1993 <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini_V12#Formula_One" title="Lamborghini V12">Lamborghini LE3512</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 257.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Honda_RA121E_engine_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1991 Honda RA121E"><img alt="1991 Honda RA121E" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Honda_RA121E_engine_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg/383px-Honda_RA121E_engine_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Honda_RA121E_engine_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg/576px-Honda_RA121E_engine_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Honda_RA121E_engine_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg/766px-Honda_RA121E_engine_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1991 <a href="/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One#Spirit,_Williams,_Lotus,_McLaren_and_Tyrrell_(1983–1992)" title="Honda in Formula One">Honda RA121E</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Matra_MS11_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1968 Matra MS11"><img alt="1968 Matra MS11" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Matra_MS11_%283%29.jpg/300px-Matra_MS11_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Matra_MS11_%283%29.jpg/451px-Matra_MS11_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Matra_MS11_%283%29.jpg/600px-Matra_MS11_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1968 <a href="/wiki/Matra_MS11" title="Matra MS11">Matra MS11</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_trucks">Usage in trucks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Usage in trucks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1960_GMC_V12_702cid.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1960_GMC_V12_702cid.JPG/220px-1960_GMC_V12_702cid.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1960_GMC_V12_702cid.JPG/330px-1960_GMC_V12_702cid.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1960_GMC_V12_702cid.JPG/440px-1960_GMC_V12_702cid.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>1961 <a href="/wiki/GMC_V6_engine#702" title="GMC V6 engine">GMC Twin Six</a> engine</figcaption></figure> <p>Several truck manufacturers have produced V12 diesel engines at various times. For example, the 1967–1982 <a href="/wiki/Tatra_T813" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatra T813">Tatra T813</a>, built in Czechoslovakia, used a 17.6 L (1,074 cu in) <a href="/wiki/Naturally_aspirated" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturally aspirated">naturally aspirated</a> V12 diesel engine, and the 1983–present <a href="/wiki/Tatra_T815" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatra T815">Tatra T815</a> is available with a 19.0 L (1,159 cu in) V12 diesel engine in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged forms. In the United States, V12 versions of the 1938–1995 <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel_Series_71" title="Detroit Diesel Series 71">Detroit Diesel Series 71</a>, the 1967–1999 <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel_Series_149" title="Detroit Diesel Series 149">Detroit Diesel Series 149</a> and the 1974–1995 <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel_Series_92" title="Detroit Diesel Series 92">Detroit Diesel Series 92</a> were produced. In Japan, <a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> produced naturally aspirated V12 diesel engines from 14.0 to 22.0 L (854 to 1,343 cu in) in 1976–2000, for their heavy duty trucks: New Power, 810 and Giga. </p><p>Trucks using V12 gasoline (petrol) engines are rare, however several were produced in the United States from the 1930s until the 1970s. In 1931, <i>American La France</i> began producing firetrucks with V12 gasoline engines based on the <i>Lycoming BB motor</i>. In 1935, the V12 engine used by the <a href="/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company" title="Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company">Pierce Arrow</a> luxury car was fitted to firetrucks built by Seagrave (with production continuing until 1970, since Seagrave purchased the equipment to manufacture the Pierce Arrow engines themselves). The 1960–1965 <a href="/wiki/GMC_V6_engine#702" title="GMC V6 engine">GMC Twin Six</a> 11.5 L (702 cu in) gasoline V12 engine was basically the <i>GMC 351</i> V6 engine, doubled, with four rocker covers and four exhaust manifolds.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peak power was only 250 hp (186 kW). However peak torque was 793 N⋅m (585 lb⋅ft). </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_railway_locomotives">Usage in railway locomotives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Usage in railway locomotives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel locomotives</a> use V12 engines. Examples include the 2.39 MW (3,200 hp) <a href="/wiki/EMD_710" title="EMD 710">EMD 12-710</a> and the 3.28 MW (4,400 hp) <i>GEVO-12</i> engine (used in the <a href="/wiki/GE_Evolution_Series#ES44AC" title="GE Evolution Series">GE ES44AC</a> North American locomotives). </p><p>V12 engines used in railway locomotives include:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Bore</th> <th>Stroke</th> <th>Engine displacement</th> <th>rpm</th> <th>KW</th> <th>kg </th></tr> <tr> <td>MTU</td> <td>R43</td> <td>170 mm (6.7 in)</td> <td>195 mm (7.7 in)</td> <td>53,113 cc (53.113 L)</td> <td>1800</td> <td>2400</td> <td>6000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MTU</td> <td>2000</td> <td>130 mm (5.1 in)</td> <td>150 mm (5.9 in)</td> <td>23,892 cc (23.892 L)</td> <td>1800</td> <td>600</td> <td>3000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EMD</td> <td>710</td> <td>230.1875 mm (9.1 in)</td> <td>279.4 mm (11.0 in)</td> <td>139,500 cc (139.5 L)</td> <td>950</td> <td>2500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GE</td> <td>7FDL</td> <td>228.6 mm (9.0 in)</td> <td>266.7 mm (10.5 in)</td> <td>131,355 cc (131.355 L)</td> <td>1050</td> <td>2400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cummins</td> <td>Qs</td> <td>170 mm (6.7 in)</td> <td>190 mm (7.5 in)</td> <td>51,751 cc (51.751 L)</td> <td>1800</td> <td>2200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MAN</td> <td>2842</td> <td>128 mm (5.0 in)</td> <td>145 mm (5.7 in)</td> <td>22,390 cc (22.39 L)</td> <td>2800</td> <td>580 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CAT</td> <td>3512</td> <td>170 mm (6.7 in)</td> <td>215 mm (8.5 in)</td> <td>58,560 cc (58.56 L)</td> <td>1800</td> <td>1500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Perkins</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wartsila</td> <td>200 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_armoured_fighting_vehicles">Usage in armoured fighting vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Usage in armoured fighting vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChryslerV12TankEngine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ChryslerV12TankEngine.jpg/220px-ChryslerV12TankEngine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ChryslerV12TankEngine.jpg/330px-ChryslerV12TankEngine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ChryslerV12TankEngine.jpg/440px-ChryslerV12TankEngine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>1943 <i>Chrysler A65</i> prototype tank engine</figcaption></figure> <p>The V12 is a common engine configuration for tanks and other <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicles</a>. Some examples are: </p> <ul><li>German <a href="/wiki/List_of_WWII_Maybach_engines" title="List of WWII Maybach engines">HL120TRM</a> gasoline engine, used on World War II <a href="/wiki/Panzer_III" title="Panzer III">Panzer III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panzer_IV" title="Panzer IV">Panzer IV</a> and other tanks based on their chassis. The <a href="/wiki/Maybach_HL230" title="Maybach HL230">Maybach HL230</a> and its variants was used on the <a href="/wiki/Panther_tank" title="Panther tank">Panther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiger_II" title="Tiger II">Tiger II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jagdpanther" title="Jagdpanther">Jagdpanther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jagdtiger" title="Jagdtiger">Jagdtiger</a> (HL230 P30), then <a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sturmtiger" title="Sturmtiger">Sturmtiger</a> which used the HL230 P45.</li> <li>British <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Meteor" title="Rolls-Royce Meteor">Rolls-Royce Meteor</a> petrol engine (derived from the <i>Rolls-Royce Merlin</i> aero-engine) used in the World War II <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comet_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet tank">Comet tank</a>, and later in the <a href="/wiki/Centurion_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion tank">Centurion tank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conqueror_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Conqueror tank">Conqueror tank</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a> tank was powered by the <i>Perkins CV12-6A</i> 26.6 L (1,623 cu in) diesel engine.</li> <li>Soviet <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_model_V-2" title="Kharkiv model V-2">Kharkiv model V-2</a> diesel engine, used in the World War II <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34 tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov_tank" title="Kliment Voroshilov tank">Kliment Voroshilov tanks</a> and <a href="/wiki/IS-2" title="IS-2">IS-2 heavy tank</a>. Model V-44 12-cyl. 38.88 L diesel used on the late-war <a href="/wiki/T-44" title="T-44">T-44</a>. V-12 diesel engine used on <a href="/wiki/T-72" title="T-72">T-72</a>, basically supercharged version of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_model_V-2" title="Kharkiv model V-2">V-2</a>.</li> <li>American <a href="/wiki/Continental_AV1790" title="Continental AV1790">Continental AV1790</a> engine, produced in gasoline and diesel variants, used on all versions of the <a href="/wiki/Patton_tank" title="Patton tank">Patton tank</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/M103_heavy_tank" title="M103 heavy tank">M103 heavy tank</a>. A prototype <i>Chrysler A65</i> V12 engine was tested in the M4 Sherman tank in 1943, but it did not reach production.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>French Poyaud V12XS25 diesel engine used on the <a href="/wiki/AMX-40" title="AMX-40">AMX-40</a>. The Maybach HL 295 (reiteration of Maybach HL234, a later version of the <a href="/wiki/Maybach_HL230" title="Maybach HL230">Maybach HL230</a>) was also used on the <a href="/wiki/AMX-50" title="AMX-50">AMX-50</a> heavy tank.</li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a> SA12200VD air-cooled V-12 diesel engine used on the <a href="/wiki/Type_97_Chi-Ha_medium_tank" title="Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank">Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank</a>. A Mitsubishi Type 100 air-cooled V-12 diesel was also used on the <a href="/wiki/Type_4_Ho-Ro" title="Type 4 Ho-Ro">Type 4 Ho-Ro</a> <a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-propelled gun">self-propelled gun</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:V12_engines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:V12 engines">V12 engines</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine" title="Flat-twelve engine">Flat-12 engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-12_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-12 engine">Straight-12 engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W12_engine" title="W12 engine">W12 engine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V12_engine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">. Engine Configuration and Smoothness Autozine Technical School <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/Smoothness2.html">https://www.autozine.org/technical_school/engine/Smoothness2.html</a> autozine.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNunney2007" class="citation book cs1">Nunney, Malcolm James (2007). <i>Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology</i> (Fourth ed.). 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template talk:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Engine_configurations_for_piston_engines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configurations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_engine" title="Axial engine">Axial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish steam engine">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotative_beam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotative beam engine">Rotative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourke_engine" title="Bourke engine">Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_engine" title="Cam engine">Cam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camless_piston_engine" title="Camless piston engine">Camless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-acting cylinder">Double-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-piston_engine" title="Free-piston engine">Free-piston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stelzer_engine" title="Stelzer engine">Stelzer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemi_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemi engine">Hemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_cylinder_head" title="Heron cylinder head">Heron head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOE_engine" title="IOE engine">Intake over exhaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillating_cylinder_steam_engine" title="Oscillating cylinder steam engine">Oscillating cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposed-piston_engine" title="Opposed-piston engine">Opposed-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pent-roof_combustion_chamber" title="Pent-roof combustion chamber">Pentroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_engine" title="Rotary engine">Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-acting cylinder">Single-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_cycle_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Split cycle engine">Split cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing-piston_engine" title="Swing-piston engine">Swing-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniflow_steam_engine" title="Uniflow steam engine">Uniflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_wedge_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler wedge engine">Wedge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke cycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-stroke_engine" title="Five-stroke engine">Five-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-stroke_engine" title="Six-stroke engine">Six-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-_and_four-stroke_engines" title="Two- and four-stroke engines">Two-and four-stroke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Cylinder layouts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Inline / straight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">I1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twin_engine" title="Straight-twin engine">I2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-three_engine" title="Straight-three engine">I3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">I4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-five_engine" title="Straight-five engine">I5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">I6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-seven_engine" title="Straight-seven engine">I7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-eight_engine" title="Straight-eight engine">I8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-nine_engine" title="Straight-nine engine">I9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twelve_engine" title="Straight-twelve engine">I12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-fourteen_engine" title="Straight-fourteen engine">I14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat / boxer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twin_engine" title="Flat-twin engine">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-four_engine" title="Flat-four engine">F4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-six_engine" title="Flat-six engine">F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-eight_engine" title="Flat-eight engine">F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-ten_engine" title="Flat-ten engine">F10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine" title="Flat-twelve engine">F12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-sixteen_engine" title="Flat-sixteen engine">F16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V / Vee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-twin_engine" title="V-twin engine">V2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V3_engine" title="V3 engine">V3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V4_engine" title="V4 engine">V4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V5_engine" title="V5 engine">V5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR5_engine" title="VR5 engine">VR5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR6_engine" title="VR6 engine">VR6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V10_engine" title="V10 engine">V10</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">V12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V14_engine" title="V14 engine">V14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V16_engine" title="V16 engine">V16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V18_engine" title="V18 engine">V18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V20_engine" title="V20 engine">V20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V24_engine" title="V24 engine">V24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W3_engines" title="W engine">W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W6_engines" title="W engine">W6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W8_engine" title="W8 engine">W8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W12_engine" title="W12 engine">W12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W16_engine" title="W16 engine">W16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W18_engine" title="W18 engine">W18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W24_engine" title="W engine">W24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W30_engine" title="W engine">W30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napier_Deltic" title="Napier Deltic">Deltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">Radial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-single_engine" title="Split-single engine">Split-single</a></li> <li><a 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