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IDTechEx leverages its experiences such as in laser physics, semiconductors, optics, sensors, optoelectronics, and transportation, to provide a comprehensive analysis on technologies and products. 10 year market forecasts on lidar units and market value with a focus on automotive have been provided. IDTechEx also tracks the development and activities of 95 global players, with unbiased research and appraisal."> <meta property="og:type" content="book" > <meta property="og:title" content="Lidar 2023-2033: Technologies, Players, Markets & Forecasts" > <meta property="og:description" content="The lidar market for automotive applications will grow to US$8.4 billion by 2033. The demand for lidars to be adopted in the automotive industry drives the huge investment and rapid progression of lidars, with the innovations in beam steering technologies, performance improvement, and cost reduction in lidar transceiver components. These efforts can enable lidars to be implemented in a wider application scenario beyond conventional usage and automobiles. IDTechEx leverages its experiences such as in laser physics, semiconductors, optics, sensors, optoelectronics, and transportation, to provide a comprehensive analysis on technologies and products. 10 year market forecasts on lidar units and market value with a focus on automotive have been provided. IDTechEx also tracks the development and activities of 95 global players, with unbiased research and appraisal."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.idtechex.com/en/research-report/lidar-2023-2033-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/881"> <meta property="og:image" content="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/92.png?w=1066&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces,entropy&q=50&fm=pjpg" > <meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-08-05"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/IDTechExResearch/"> <meta property="book:author" content="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/dr-xiaoxi-he/1746"> <meta property="book:isbn" content="9781915514127"> <meta property="book:released_date" content="2022-08-05"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IDTechEx"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1905389916393394"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@idtechex"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@idtechex"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Lidar 2023-2033: Technologies, Players, Markets & Forecasts: IDTechEx"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The lidar market for automotive applications will grow to US$8.4 billion by 2033. The demand for lidars to be adopted in the automotive industry drives the huge investment and rapid progression of lidars, with the innovations in beam steering technologies, performance improvement, and cost reduction in lidar transceiver components. These efforts can enable lidars to be implemented in a wider application scenario beyond conventional usage and automobiles. IDTechEx leverages its experiences such as in laser physics, semiconductors, optics, sensors, optoelectronics, and transportation, to provide a comprehensive analysis on technologies and products. 10 year market forecasts on lidar units and market value with a focus on automotive have been provided. IDTechEx also tracks the development and activities of 95 global players, with unbiased research and appraisal."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/92.png?w=1066&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces,entropy&q=50&fm=pjpg" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Market research reports,Market insights,Market forecast"><link href="//cdn.idtechex.com/css/core.css?bn=216" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//cdn.idtechex.com/css/font-awesome.min.css?bn=216" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//cdn.idtechex.com/css/staticpage.css?bn=216" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//cdn.idtechex.com/css/bootstrap/bootstrap-theme.css?bn=2" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//cdn.idtechex.com/css/bootstrap/bootstrap4.min.css?bn=2" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//cdn.idtechex.com/css/main_v6d.css?bn=216" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//cdn.idtechex.com/css/content_v6.css?bn=216" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//cdn.idtechex.com/css/menu_v5c.css?bn=216" rel="stylesheet"> <link 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Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction-2025-2035-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1026" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Direct Lithium Extraction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market-2025-2035-technologies-forecasts-and-players/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-applications-outlooks-and-forecasts/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-recycling-market-2023-2043/939" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Battery Recycling Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/redox-flow-batteries-market-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/963" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Redox Flow Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-electric-vehicle-batteries-2023-2033/924" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-battery-technologies-and-markets-2025-2035-players-technologies-applications-markets-forecasts/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sodium-ion-batteries-2024-2034-technology-players-markets-and-forecasts/978" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sodium-ion Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2023-2033-technology-forecasts-players/917" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Solid-State and Polymer Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/reports/batteries-and-energy-storage/8" class="colour- colour-webtopic8 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic2_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research/future-mobility-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Future Mobility Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-land-sea-and-air-2024-2044/962" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Vehicles</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-car-sales-models-and-technologies-database/824" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Data & Tools</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Car Sales, Models & Technologies Database</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/air-taxis-electric-vertical-take-off-and-landing-evtol-aircraft-2024-2044-technologies-players/998" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Air Taxis</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-market-2025-2045-robotaxis-autonomous-cars-sensors/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-markets-in-construction-agriculture-and-mining-machines-2024-2034/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Markets in Construction, Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-swapping-for-electric-vehicles-2022-2032-technology-players-and-forecasts/868" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Swapping for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/charging-infrastructure-for-electric-vehicles-and-fleets-2025-2035-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/1035" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles and Fleets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/copper-demand-for-cars-2024-2034-trends-utilization-forecasts/973" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Copper Demand for Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-buses-2025-2045-markets-players-technologies-and-forecasts/1012" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/971" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-boats-and-ships-2024-2044/948" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-light-commercial-vehicles-2025-2045-markets-players-forecasts/1048" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-motors-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-technologies-materials-markets-and-forecasts/1031" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-construction-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/1022" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in Construction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-india-2021-2041/793" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Vehicles in India</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-mining-2024-2044-technologies-players-and-forecasts/994" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in Mining</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-hybrid-and-fuel-cell-light-commercial-vehicles-2021-2041/783" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-boats-and-ships-2023-2033-pemfc-sofc-hydrogen-ammonia-lng/907" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fuel Cell Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-electric-vehicles-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies-2024-2034-applications-megatrends-forecasts/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/high-voltage-hybrid-cars-buses-and-trucks-2021-2041/788" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">High Voltage Hybrid Cars, Buses and Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-applications-outlooks-and-forecasts/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2023-2033/936" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-evs-2023-2043-electric-two-wheelers-three-wheelers-and-microcars/915" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro EVs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034-technologies-benchmarking-players-and-forecasts/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plug-in-hybrid-and-battery-electric-cars-2025-2045-technologies-players-regulations-market-forecasts/1043" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/power-electronics-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1014" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-battery-technologies-and-markets-2025-2035-players-technologies-applications-markets-forecasts/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025-2045-trends-technologies-forecasts/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-materials-markets-and-technologies/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wireless-charging-market-for-electric-vehicles-2023-2033-technology-players-and-forecasts/896" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Wireless Charging Market for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic115_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Energy & Decarbonization</a> <a href="/en/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets-2023-2033-technologies-forecasts-players/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-ccus-markets-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr-2024-2044-technologies-players-carbon-credit-markets-and-forecasts/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025-2035-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production-and-electrolyzer-market-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy-2023-2033-production-storage-distribution-and-applications/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines-2025-2045-applications-technologies-market-status-and-forecasts/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/nuclear-small-modular-reactors-smrs-2023-2043/934" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Nuclear Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaics-2023-2033/872" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Perovskite Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets-2025-2035-technologies-players-and-forecasts/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thin-film-and-flexible-photovoltaics-2023-2033/885" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thin Film & Flexible Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic118_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Food & AgTech</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biostimulants-and-biopesticides-2021-2031-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/773" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Biostimulants and Biopesticides</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2023-2043/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/genetic-engineering-in-agriculture-2021-2031/750" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Genetic Engineering in Agriculture</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plant-based-meat-2021-2031/823" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Plant-Based Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/vertical-farming-2022-2032/871" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Vertical Farming</a> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic110_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-technologies-2020-2030/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery-2021-players-technologies-and-applications/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics-2020-2030-image-recognition-players-clinical-applications-forecasts/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antiviral-and-antimicrobial-technology-market-2023-2033/942" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antiviral and Antimicrobial Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biosensors-for-point-of-care-diagnostics-2022-2032-technology-opportunities-players-and-forecasts/863" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/diabetes-management-technologies-2022-2032-markets-players-and-forecasts/862" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Diabetes Management Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-artificial-intelligence-2024-2034-trends-opportunities-and-outlook/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/dna-sequencing-2023-2033-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/887" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">DNA Sequencing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare-2020-2030/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/remote-patient-monitoring-2023-2033-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/890" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Remote Patient Monitoring</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors-2020-2030-technologies-markets-players-forecasts/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic124_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Hydrogen</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets-2023-2033-technologies-forecasts-players/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/971" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-electric-vehicles-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production-and-electrolyzer-market-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy-2023-2033-production-storage-distribution-and-applications/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines-2025-2045-applications-technologies-market-status-and-forecasts/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034-technologies-benchmarking-players-and-forecasts/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets-2025-2035-technologies-players-and-forecasts/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025-2045-trends-technologies-forecasts/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic116_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Photonics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-forecasts-technologies-applications/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/958" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/metamaterials-markets-2024-2034-optical-and-radio-frequency/1010" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Metamaterials Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays-2024-2034-technology-commercialization-opportunity-market-and-players/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2024-2034-market-technologies-and-forecasts/1006" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic1_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-and-printed-electronics-2023-2033-forecasts-technologies-markets/943" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Flexible & Printed Electronics</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/3d-electronics-additive-electronics-2024-2034-technologies-players-and-markets/1003" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">3D Electronics/Additive Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/conductive-inks-market-2024-2034-technologies-applications-players/1013" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Conductive Inks Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market-2025-2035-technologies-forecasts-and-players/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare-2020-2030/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics-2024-2034/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-mold-electronics-2023-2033/919" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Mold Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/manufacturing-printed-electronics-2023-2033/916" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Manufacturing Printed Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-printed-flexible-electronics-2021-2031-technologies-applications-market-forecasts/785" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Printed/Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-electronics-for-automotive-applications-2021-2031-technologies-and-markets/806" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Printed and Flexible Electronics for Automotive Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/smart-packaging-2023-2033/931" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Smart Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stretchable-and-conformal-electronics-2019-2029/636" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Stretchable and Conformal Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic122_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Quantum Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2024-2044-technology-trends-players-forecasts/996" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2024-2044/951" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic99_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Robotics & Autonomy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-market-2025-2045-robotaxis-autonomous-cars-sensors/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/collaborative-robots-2025-2045-technologies-players-and-markets/1046" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Collaborative Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/drone-market-and-industries-2021-2041/787" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Drone Market and Industries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies-2024-2034-applications-megatrends-forecasts/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-ir-cameras-for-automotive-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Infrared (IR) Cameras for Automotive</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/mobile-robotics-in-logistics-warehousing-and-delivery-2024-2044/960" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mobile Robotics in Logistics, Warehousing and Delivery</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics-2023-2043-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/service-robots-2022-2032-technologies-players-and-markets/864" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Service Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/software-defined-vehicles-connected-cars-and-ai-in-cars-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/974" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Software-Defined Vehicles, Connected Cars, and AI in Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic121_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-forecasts-technologies-applications/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-2023-2033/937" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI Chips</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-for-edge-applications-2024-2034-artificial-intelligence-at-the-edge/956" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI Chips for Edge Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery-2021-players-technologies-and-applications/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics-2020-2030-image-recognition-players-clinical-applications-forecasts/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antenna-in-package-aip-for-5g-and-6g-2024-2034-technologies-trends-markets/989" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antenna in Package (AiP) for 5G and 6G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chiplet-technology-2025-2035-technology-opportunities-applications/1041" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Chiplet Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/co-packaged-optics-cpo-2025-2035-technologies-market-and-forecasts/1019" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Co-Packaged Optics (CPO)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electrically-conductive-adhesives-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/830" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electrically Conductive Adhesives</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics-2024-2034/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-and-processing-for-advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1044" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials and Processing for Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-informatics-2024-2034-markets-strategies-players/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2024-2044-technology-trends-players-forecasts/996" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2024-2034-market-technologies-and-forecasts/1006" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g-2022-2032/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic95_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sensors, Haptics & Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces-2025-2045-technologies-players-forecasts/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-image-sensor-technologies-2024-2034-applications-and-markets/965" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Image Sensor Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/environmental-gas-sensor-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-forecasts-players/964" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Environmental Gas Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/haptics-2025-2035-technologies-markets-players/1034" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Haptics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2024-2034-technologies-opportunities-and-markets/972" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-ir-cameras-for-automotive-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Infrared (IR) Cameras for Automotive</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays-2024-2034-technology-commercialization-opportunity-market-and-players/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2024-2044/951" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensor-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1038" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics-2023-2043-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors-2020-2030-technologies-markets-players-forecasts/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic120_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sustainability</a> <a href="/en/research-report/bioplastics-2025-2035-technology-market-players-and-forecasts/1032" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Bioplastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-ccus-markets-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr-2024-2044-technologies-players-carbon-credit-markets-and-forecasts/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chemical-recycling-and-dissolution-of-plastics-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-forecasts/1009" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Chemical Recycling and Dissolution of Plastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2023-2043/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025-2035-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-alternative-leathers-2024-2034-technologies-trends-players/980" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Alternative Leathers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-electric-vehicle-batteries-2023-2033/924" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-electronics-manufacturing-2023-2033/902" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainable Electronics Manufacturing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-packaging-market-2023-2033/929" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Packaging Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic123_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/thermal-management/123" class="colour- colour-webtopic123 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Thermal Management</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g-2022-2032/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-materials-markets-and-technologies/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/thermal-management/123" class="colour- colour-webtopic123 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic52_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Wearable Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-technology-forecasts-2023-2033/928" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Wearable Technology Forecasts</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-technologies-2020-2030/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces-2025-2045-technologies-players-forecasts/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-artificial-intelligence-2024-2034-trends-opportunities-and-outlook/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/e-textiles-and-smart-clothing-markets-2023-2033-technologies-players-and-applications/925" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">E-Textiles and Smart Clothing Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/optics-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-technologies-players-and-markets/969" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Optics for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/virtual-reality-and-augmented-reality-headsets-2023-2033-technologies-players-and-markets/889" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality Headsets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="content maincontent"> <div class="contentholder"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div id="lhs" class="lhscontainer"> <nav><ul class="nav navlhs"><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/3d-printing/47">3D Printing</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/5g-6g-rfid-and-telecoms/9">5G, 6G, RFID & Telecoms</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/advanced-materials-and-critical-minerals/77">Advanced Materials & Critical Minerals</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2">Electric Vehicles</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115">Energy & Decarbonization</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/energy-storage/8">Batteries & Energy Storage</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118">Food & AgTech</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110">Healthcare</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/photonics/116">Photonics</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1">Printed & Flexible 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updated. Click <a rel="latest-version" href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995">here to view latest edition.</a></p> <p>If you have previously purchased the archived report below then please use the download links on the right to download the files.</p> </div><h1 class="std" itemprop="name" id="page-title">Lidar 2023-2033: Technologies, Players, Markets & Forecasts</h1> <h2 class="booksubtitle" itemprop="alternativeHeadline">TOF or FMCW detection; mechanical, MEMS, OPA, flash, liquid crystal and other solid-state lidar for ADAS, autonomous vehicles, industrial, smart city, security and mapping with automotive focus</h2> <div style="display:none;" class="sectionsellingpoint"></div> <div class="sectionauthors">By <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/dr-xiaoxi-he/1746">Dr Xiaoxi He</a></div> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true" class="toast hide" data-delay="10000" style="position: fixed; top: 10px; right: 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market for automotive applications will grow to US$8.4 billion by 2033. The demand for lidars to be adopted in the automotive industry drives the huge investment and rapid progression of lidars, with the innovations in beam steering technologies, performance improvement, and cost reduction in lidar transceiver components. These efforts can enable lidars to be implemented in a wider application scenario beyond conventional usage and automobiles. IDTechEx leverages its experiences such as in laser physics, semiconductors, optics, sensors, optoelectronics, and transportation, to provide a comprehensive analysis on technologies and products. 10 year market forecasts on lidar units and market value with a focus on automotive have been provided. IDTechEx also tracks the development and activities of 95 global players, with unbiased research and appraisal.</div><div> </div><div>Following a period of dedicated research by expert analysts, IDTechEx has published a report that offers unique insights into the global 3D lidar technology landscape and corresponding market. The report contains a comprehensive analysis of 95 players developing 3D lidar for the ADAS and autonomous vehicles market, which includes a detailed assessment of technology innovations and market dynamics. While the market analysis and forecasts focus on the automotive industry, the technology analysis and company profiles also cover lidar for industrial automation, robotics, smart city, security, and mapping. Importantly, the report presents an unbiased analysis of primary data gathered via our interviews with key players, and it builds on our expertise in the transport, electronics and photonics sectors.</div><div> </div><div>This research delivers valuable insights for:</div><ul><li>Companies that require lidar*</li><li>Companies that develop lidar</li><li>Companies that supply components and materials for lidar</li><li>Companies that invest in lidar</li><li>Companies that develop other technologies for machine automation</li></ul><div>*or similar and competing sensors</div><div> </div><div><div align="center"><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/C4.png?w=3245&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/C4.png?w=3245&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/A0/C4.png" width="3245"></div></div><div> </div><div><i>Automotive lidar player landscape, including companies which already ceased operation. Source: IDTechEx</i></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><span class="sectionbold">The lidar revolution: enabling more machines to see the world</span></div><div> </div><div>Lidar, which stands for light detection and ranging, is a ranging technique that has existed for decades, shortly after the invention of laser. Lidar has already been used in applications such as mapping, surveying, military, archaeology, agriculture, and geology. The invention of beam steering technologies enables lidar to reach 3D space for extended use scenarios.</div><div> </div><div>3D lidar is an optical perception technology that enables machines to see the world, make decisions and navigate. At present, machines using lidar range from small service robots to large autonomous vehicles. The rapidly evolving lidar technologies and markets leave many uncertain questions to answer. The technology landscape is cluttered with numerous options for every component in a lidar system. IDTechEx identified four important technology choices that every lidar player and lidar user must make: measurement process, laser, beam steering mechanism, and photodetector. The beam steering mechanism is the most complicated and critical choice, while the emitter and receiver play an important role in future lidar cost reduction and further performance enhancement.</div><div> </div><div><div align="center"><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/C9.png?w=3061&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/C9.png?w=3061&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/A0/C9.png" width="3061"></div></div><div><i>Four important technology choices in designing or selecting a 3D lidar module. Source: IDTechEx</i></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><span class="sectionbold">Which to win: competitive technology landscape</span></div><div> </div><div>With numerous technological choices for the key components and measurement methods, various technology combinations can be generated, making players working in this space distinctive to each other. Each one of the 95 players that IDTechEx is tracking claims to offer a unique, next-generation product that is superior to competing technologies.</div><div> </div><div><div align="center"><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/C3.png?w=4225&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/C3.png?w=4225&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/A0/C3.png" width="4225"></div></div><div><i>Lidar technology choices. Source: IDTechEx</i></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div>However, the options are not unlimited. Certain components may work better with a particular technology, such as vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is a more popular choice for 3D flash lidar compared with edge emitting laser (EEL). There are also fewer common combinations such as MEMS with FMCW due to more technical challenges.</div><div> </div><div>With the experience in laser physics, semiconductor physics, optoelectronics, in addition to experience in advising multi-billion-dollar corporations on business growth and technology strategy, IDTechEx has built expertise in transport, electronics and photonics sectors and can provide comprehensive technological analysis and benchmarking.</div><div> </div><div>The technology choices made today will have immense consequences for performance, price, and scalability of lidar in the future. The present state of the lidar market is unsustainable because winning technologies and players will inevitably emerge, consolidating the technology and business landscapes.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Vision only or sensor fusion: where will the market go?</span></div><div> </div><div>As a representative company, Tesla stands by the vision-only camp, while the majority of automotive OEMs pursue sensor fusion with lidar included as their future answer. The demand of redundancy and increasing requirement for 3D information make lidar more and more attractive. The battle in automotive ADAS and the autonomous vehicle market helps to provide an opportunity for lidar to be accepted by other application markets with reducing price and increasing reliability. The efforts through the lidar supply chain, from materials suppliers to automotive OEMs, not only offers opportunities for conventional material and component companies, but also enables new lifestyles for the consumer with upcoming innovations.</div><div> </div><div><div align="center"><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/C5.png?w=3960&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/C5.png?w=3960&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/A0/C5.png" width="3960"></div></div><div> </div><div><i>Global lidar player distribution. Source: IDTechEx</i></div><div> </div><div>IDTechEx has focused on players who position themselves as automotive Tier 2 suppliers, with a coverage of component suppliers and automotive OEMs. The report explores how innovations in lidar technology affect the growth of lidar market segments. In the technical analysis chapters, IDTechEx uses its experience in physics research to explain novel technical concepts to a non-specialist audience. Market forecasts are based on the extensive analysis of primary and secondary data, combined with careful consideration of market drivers, restraints, and key player activities. The technology adoption roadmaps for six types of lidar in four types of level 3+ autonomous vehicles are evaluated to provide a balanced outlook on market opportunities.</div><div> </div><div>IDTechEx's model of the lidar market considers how the following variables evolve during the forecast period for each beam steering technology segment: technology readiness level of lidar, lidar unit price, vehicle production volume; autonomous vehicle technology adoption; lidar technology adoption; lidar market share per autonomous vehicle segment.</div><div> </div><div>Our report answers important questions such as:</div><ul><li>What are the lidar technology choices available today, and how do these choices impact on product development and product positioning?</li><li>What is the present status of each lidar technology and what are the future trends and opportunities?</li><li>How is the lidar business landscape evolving in terms of the supply chain, efforts and partnerships?</li><li>How will each lidar market segment evolve in the short-term and long-term?</li></ul><div> </div><div>The global market for 3D lidar in automotive will grow to US$8.4 billion by 2033.</div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><div align="center"><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/CA.png?w=1476&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/A0/CA.png?w=1476&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/A0/CA.png" width="1476"></div></div><div><i>Examples of lidar configurations considered in our market analysis and forecasts for level 3+ autonomous vehicles. Source: IDTechEx</i></div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">This report provides the following information:</span></div><div> </div><div>Technology analysis & trends</div><ul><li> Benchmarking studies on beam steering technologies, detection methods, laser emitters and receivers.</li><li> Business chance analysis of key technologies</li><li> Progression and trend in lidar technology for automotive applications.</li><li> Lidar integration and introduction to relevant regulations</li></ul><div>Market Analysis & Forecasts:</div><ul><li> 10-year lidar market forecasts (units & value) by autonomy level for automotive application</li><li> 10-year lidar market forecasts (units & value) by beam steering technology for automotive application</li><li> Forecast of lidar unit price by technology.</li></ul><div>Supply chain</div><ul><li> Automotive lidar supply chain</li><li> Representative players in the supply chain</li><li> Existing and near-future vehicle models equipping with lidars</li></ul><div>Player analysis</div><ul><li> Overview and technology highlights of 95 players</li><li> Product & prototype examples</li><li> Technology and company analysis</li><li> Analysis of key company revenue</li><li> Patent introduction of representative companies</li><li> Primary information from key companies</li></ul></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Analyst access from IDTechEx</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.</div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Further information</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact our report team at <a href="mailto:research@IDTechEx.com">research@IDTechEx.com</a> or call one of our sales managers:<br></div> <div><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">AMERICAS (USA)</span>: <a href="tel:+1-617-577-7890">+1 617 577 7890</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA (Japan):</span> <a href="tel:+81-3-3216-7209">+81 3 3216 7209</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA:</span> <a href="tel:+82-10-3896-6219">+82 10 3896 6219</a></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">EUROPE (UK)</span> <a href="tel:+44-1223-812300">+44 1223 812300</a><br></div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> </div> <div class="order-mid"> <div style="padding:10px 0px;"></div> </div> <div class="report-contents"> <div class="sectionheading"><a name="toc"></a>Table of Contents</div> <table style="margin-left:10px"> <tr><td class="tocsection1">1.</td><td class="tocname1">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Automotive lidar players by technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Mechanical lidar players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Micromechanical lidar players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Pure solid-state lidar players: OPA & liquid crystal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Pure solid-state lidar players: 3D flash</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.6.</td><td class="tocname2">FMCW lidar players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.7.</td><td class="tocname2">SWIR lidar players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.8.</td><td class="tocname2">IPO, direct listing, SPAC</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Cost reduction approaches</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.10.</td><td class="tocname2">BOM cost estimation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Price/cost composition</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar price analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Forecast of lidar unit price by technology 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Forecast of lidar unit price by technology 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidars per vehicle by technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Unit forecast of vehicles with lidars</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Global automotive lidar unit by technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Global automotive lidar unit by vehicle type</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Global automotive lidar market value by technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Global automotive lidar market value by vehicle type</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Global automotive lidar unit by technology in 2023 & 2030</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Player geographic distribution</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.23.</td><td class="tocname2">3D Lidar: Market segments & applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.26.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar ecosystem</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Automotive lidar supply chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.28.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar component high level analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.29.</td><td class="tocname2">Existing and near-future passenger vehicles equipped with lidars</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.30.</td><td class="tocname2">Drivers for current lidar adoption</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.31.</td><td class="tocname2">Other commercialized vehicles equipped with Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.32.</td><td class="tocname2">Manufacturing of listed / SPAC lidar companies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.33.</td><td class="tocname2">Representative MEMS lidar products for automotive application</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.34.</td><td class="tocname2">Automotive grade non-rotating mechanical lidar products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.35.</td><td class="tocname2">Representative 3D flash lidar products for automotive application</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">2.</td><td class="tocname1">AUTONOMOUS DRIVING</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Autonomous driving technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Autonomous driving levels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Today's automated driving market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Position navigation technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Autonomous driving basics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Sensor fusion for ADAS/AV</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Vision-only or sensor fusion?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Pure vision vs. lidar sensor fusion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Challenges of pure vision solution</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Optical 3D sensing: Comparison of common methods</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Multi-camera</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Structured light</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Comparison of 3D depth-aware imaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Are cameras alone sufficient?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Angular resolution</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Resolution requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Radar or lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.18.</td><td class="tocname2">ADAS/AV sensor operating wavelength</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Autonomous driving sensor comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Radar hardware</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Camera hardware</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Engine control unit</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Minimum hardware requirements for ADAS/AV</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.24.</td><td class="tocname2">ADAS/AV hardware general challenges</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">3.</td><td class="tocname1">TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar subsystem</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar classifications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Automotive lidar: Operating process</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Automotive lidar: Requirements</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar challenges</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar system</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Laser range finder function for the first production car</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar working principle</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.9.</td><td class="tocname2">SWOT analysis of automotive lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Comparison of lidar product parameters</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Important parameters for lidar performance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar technology combination choices</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Overall technology analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar development trend</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar beam steering trends</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Summary of lidars with various beam steering technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">4.</td><td class="tocname1">RANGING OPTIONS/PHOTO DETECTION OPTIONS FOR LIDAR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Direct and indirect time of flight</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Direct TOF: Time measurement via pulsed light</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Signal attenuation in Rx</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Indirect TOF: Phase measurement via amplitude modulation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.6.</td><td class="tocname2">TOF vs. FMCW lidar 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.7.</td><td class="tocname2">TOF vs. FMCW lidar 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Thoughts on lidar photo detection methods</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">5.</td><td class="tocname1">BEAM STEERING OPTIONS FOR LIDAR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar scanning categories</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparison of common beam steering options</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of beam steering technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of mechanical lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of MEMS lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of 3D flash lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of OPA lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.8.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of liquid crystal lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Mechanical Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar steering system: Mechanical rotating (rotating assemblies)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar steering system: Mechanical rotating (nodding-mirror)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar steering system: Mechanical rotating (multi-facet mirror)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar steering system: Mechanical (Risley prisms)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Mechanical lidar beam steering trends</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology trend of mechanical lidars</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.3.</td><td class="tocname2">MEMS Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Basic composition of MEMS lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar steering system: MEMS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Classifications of MEMS scanner</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparison of MEMS actuations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrostatic MEMS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Electromagnetic MEMS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Piezoelectric MEMS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrothermal MEMS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">MEMS mirrors: operation mode</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.10.</td><td class="tocname3">One-dimensional MEMS lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Two-dimensional MEMS lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Analysis of MEMS-based lidars</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Representative MEMS players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Flash lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar steering system: Flash</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">VCSEL progress for 3D flash lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Optical phased array (OPA) Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar steering system: OPA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">OPA principle</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Side lobe issue improvement for OPA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">OPA based on silicon nitride</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Hybrid: MEMS-actuated grating OPA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Analysis of OPA-based lidars</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Others that also belong to OPA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Others</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Spectral deflection</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Micro-motion technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Liquid crystal lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Liquid crystal polarisation gratings</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Liquid crystal optical phased arrays</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Metamaterial based scanners 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Metamaterial based scanners 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.8.</td><td class="tocname3">GLV-based beam steering</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Controlling the GLV device</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Liquid lens</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Electro-optical deflectors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Acousto-optical deflectors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">6.</td><td class="tocname1">LASER EMITTER OPTIONS FOR LIDAR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">LED Illumination: Limited to short-range depth sensors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Laser operating principles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Laser technology choices</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to laser diodes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Homojunction & heterojunction devices</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Laser diode semiconductor selection</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">IR emitters</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Edge-emitting lasers (EEL)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">External cavity & quantum cascade lasers (QCL)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">IR emitters and comparisons</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">EEL vs. VCSEL for lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">EEL vs. VCSEL</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Laser diode device structure</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar model examples with VCSEL emitters</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Optical feedback & operating temperature</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Reliability & lifetime considerations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Key operating parameters</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.15.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT Analysis: EEL & VCSELs for lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.16.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT Analysis: ECDLs & QCLs for lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.2.17.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT Analysis: Fiber lasers & DPSSLs for lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to fibre lasers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Fibre laser operating principle</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Wavelengths and modes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Fiber amplifiers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Fiber lasers for automotive lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Luminar technologies patent</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Google & Waymo fiber laser patent</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSL)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Diode-pumped solid-state lasers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Continental DPSSL lidar patent</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Laser wavelength discussions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Spectral response of different emitters and photodiodes in comparison with solar spectrum</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Laser source wavelengths</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Wavelength comparison: 905 nm VS. 1550 nm</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">6.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparison of common laser type & wavelength options</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">7.</td><td class="tocname1">RECEIVER OPTIONS FOR LIDAR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Photodetector choice for lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.2.</td><td class="tocname2">PIN photodiode</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Avalanche Photo Detectors (APD)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Single-photon avalanche diodes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Silicon photomultiplier</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.6.</td><td class="tocname2">On Semicondctor SiPM trend</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.7.</td><td class="tocname2">SPAD vs. SiPM</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Linear vs. Geiger mode</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Issues with Geiger mode APD 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Issues with Geiger mode APD 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar detector comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Comparison of common photodetectors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Major lidar detector players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">8.</td><td class="tocname1">SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Point cloud</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar signal applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar perception hierarchy descriptions for AV</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.4.</td><td class="tocname2">3D point cloud modelling</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Reflection complication</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Background noise & interference</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Additional information</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.8.</td><td class="tocname2">TOF lidar's spatial data analysis 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.9.</td><td class="tocname2">TOF lidar's spatial data analysis 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.10.</td><td class="tocname2">3D position & velocity data from FMCW Lidars</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Poor weather performance: challenges & solutions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Pipeline of classic lidar perception data processing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">9.</td><td class="tocname1">LIDAR INTEGRATION AND CLEANING</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar Integration</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar integration considerations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar integration positions for ADAS/AV</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Examples of lidar integration locations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar integration in lamps</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar integration in the grille</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar integration on/in the roof</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidars integrated in other positions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.1.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Possible lidar integration and unit numbers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar cleaning</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar cleaning</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Ford's idea</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Squirt cleaning</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Valeo's cleaning system</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Squirt cleaning system</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Ultrasonic cleaning</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">9.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Other ideas</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">10.</td><td class="tocname1">VALIDATION, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Safety and standards on ADAS/AV vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.3.</td><td class="tocname2">UNECE for L3 automation regulations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">10.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Lidar certification process</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">11.</td><td class="tocname1">COMPANY PROFILES AND CASE STUDIES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.1.</td><td class="tocname2">ABAX Sensing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">ABAX Sensing: products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Aeva</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">4D lidar on chip technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Financial information</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Automotive partnerships</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Development plan</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.3.</td><td class="tocname2">AEye</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">AEye technology 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">AEye technology 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">4Sight™ Intelligent Sensing Platform</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">AEye lidar integration</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Financial information</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Aeye's customers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Analog Devices</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Analog Devices can provide various products for the signal chains</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Analog Phonics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Analog photonics' OPA FMCW lidar 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Analog photonics' OPA FMCW lidar 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Analog photonics' OPA FMCW lidar 3</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Apple</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Apple's patent on lidars for consumer electronics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Apple's patent on lidars for autonomous vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Baraja</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.7.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.7.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company roadmap</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.7.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Company milestones</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.7.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology introduction: Principle</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.7.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology introduction: Modular design</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.7.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology introduction: Dealing with interference</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Beamagine</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.8.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.8.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Sample point cloud</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.8.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Performance model in orbital environment</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Benewake</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.9.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.9.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company lidar products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Blackmore (Aurora)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.10.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of Blackmore</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.10.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Aurora's partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Blickfeld</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.11.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.11.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.11.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Company products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Boulder Nonlinear Systems</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.12.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.12.2.</td><td class="tocname3">BNS FMCW Doppler lidar for 3D wind sensing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Bright Way Vision</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.13.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.13.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Carnavicom</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.14.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.14.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company product</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.14.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.14.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Company partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Cepton</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Cepton's lidar design choices</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Cepton's beam steering technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Cepton's lidar solution platform</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Financial information</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Cepton's lidar integration</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Targeting market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Business model</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.15.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Company partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Continental</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.16.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.16.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.16.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Continental's first 3D flash production</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.16.4.</td><td class="tocname3">3D flash lidar: HFL110</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.16.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Other lidar products from Continental</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.17.</td><td class="tocname2">DENSO</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.17.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.17.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Advanced Drive system for vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.17.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Development of SPAD lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Draper</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.18.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.18.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Draper's beam steering technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Elmos Semiconductor AG</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.19.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.19.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Elmos' lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.19.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Elmos 1st GEN lidar demonstrator</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.19.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Elmos' SPAD arrays</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.20.</td><td class="tocname2">FaseLase</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.20.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Fastree3D</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.21.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.21.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Fastree3D / EPFL collaboration history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.21.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Company technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.21.4.</td><td class="tocname3">3D-IC software-defined implementation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.21.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Software defined flash lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Fraunhofer IMS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.22.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.22.2.</td><td class="tocname3">3D Flash lidar developed by Fraunhofer IMS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.22.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Technologies involved in the 3D flash lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Fujitsu</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.23.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.23.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Early MEMS lidar developed by Fujitsu</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.23.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar for sport application 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.23.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar for sport application 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Hesai Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.24.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.24.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Current product lists</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.24.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Current product lists (cont.)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.24.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Hesai product history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.24.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Company revenue</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.24.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Hesai lidar technology roadmap</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.24.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Vehicle models with Hesai's automotive grade lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Huawei</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.25.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.25.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Huawei's patent on lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.25.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Huawei's efforts in local supply chain building</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.26.</td><td class="tocname2">Hybrid Lidar Systems</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.26.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.26.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.26.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Hybrid Lidar Systems products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Ibeo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.27.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.27.2.</td><td class="tocname3">ibeoNEXT</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.28.</td><td class="tocname2">iLidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.28.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.29.</td><td class="tocname2">Infoworks</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.29.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.30.</td><td class="tocname2">Infineon (Innoluce)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.30.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.30.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Infineon's 1D MEMS Micro-Scanning lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.31.</td><td class="tocname2">Innoviz</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Innoviz technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Wide FoV realization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Company revenue</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Innoviz partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Innoviz manufacturing capability</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Vehicles adopting Innoviz lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.31.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Targeting applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.32.</td><td class="tocname2">Innovusion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.32.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.32.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Innovusion technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.33.</td><td class="tocname2">Insight Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.33.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.33.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.33.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.33.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Modules</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.34.</td><td class="tocname2">Jungsang Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.34.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.34.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.35.</td><td class="tocname2">Kyber Photonics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.35.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.36.</td><td class="tocname2">LeddarTech/Phantom Intelligence</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.36.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.36.2.</td><td class="tocname3">LeddarTech technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.36.3.</td><td class="tocname3">LeddarTech lidar designs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.36.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Roadmap for the realization of lidar ecosystem</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.36.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Performance enhancement</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.36.6.</td><td class="tocname3">LeddarTech partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.37.</td><td class="tocname2">Phantom Intelligence</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.37.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.37.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.37.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Company products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.38.</td><td class="tocname2">LeiShen</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.38.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.39.</td><td class="tocname2">LightIC Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.39.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.40.</td><td class="tocname2">LITRA Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.40.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.40.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Litra technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.40.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Litra technologies (cont.)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.40.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Company partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.41.</td><td class="tocname2">Livox</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.41.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.41.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Livox technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.41.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Livox's beam steering technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.41.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Livox's partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.42.</td><td class="tocname2">Irvine Sensors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.42.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.42.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.43.</td><td class="tocname2">Lorentech</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.43.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.43.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Lorentech product position</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.43.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.43.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Company partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.44.</td><td class="tocname2">Luminar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company roadmap</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Luminar's technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology patent analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Other technology interest</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Luminar's products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Company revenue</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Company customer and partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Luminar supply chain subsidiaries and partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.44.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Application beyond automotive</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.45.</td><td class="tocname2">Lumotive</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.45.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.45.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Lumotive technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.45.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Lumotive lidar for consumer electronics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.45.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Lumotive lidars for automotive</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.46.</td><td class="tocname2">MicroVision</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.46.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.46.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.46.3.</td><td class="tocname3">MicroVision's lidar for automotive</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.47.</td><td class="tocname2">Mirada Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.47.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.47.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.47.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Company products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.48.</td><td class="tocname2">Mitsubishi Electric</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.48.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.48.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Mitsubishi Electric's MEMS lidar for automotive application</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.49.</td><td class="tocname2">Mobileye</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.49.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.49.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Intel's FMCW Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.49.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar circuit</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.49.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Large-scale PIC for SOC lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.49.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Laser processing on PIC</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.49.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Beam steering technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.50.</td><td class="tocname2">Neptec (Lumibird)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.50.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.50.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.51.</td><td class="tocname2">Neuvition</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.51.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.51.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.51.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar products for various applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.52.</td><td class="tocname2">Omron</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.52.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.53.</td><td class="tocname2">Opsys Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.53.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.53.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Opsys' beam steering technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.53.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.53.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Installation locations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.54.</td><td class="tocname2">Oryx Vision</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.54.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.55.</td><td class="tocname2">OSIGHT</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.55.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.56.</td><td class="tocname2">Ou Lei</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.56.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.57.</td><td class="tocname2">Ouster/Sense Photonics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.57.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.57.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Ouster's technology 1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.57.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Ouster's technology 2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.57.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Ouster lidar performance over time</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.57.5.</td><td class="tocname3">OS product specifications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.57.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Digital flash lidar roadmap</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.57.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Company financials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.58.</td><td class="tocname2">Sense Photonics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.58.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.58.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Sense Photonics technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.59.</td><td class="tocname2">Owl AI</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.59.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.60.</td><td class="tocname2">Panasonic</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.60.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.60.2.</td><td class="tocname3">FMCW lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.60.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Solid-state lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.60.4.</td><td class="tocname3">LC-OPA chip</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.61.</td><td class="tocname2">Phoenix Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.61.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.61.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.61.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar for aerial mapping</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.62.</td><td class="tocname2">Photonic Vision</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.62.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.63.</td><td class="tocname2">Pioneer</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.63.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.63.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.63.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Pioneer's technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.64.</td><td class="tocname2">Pointcloud</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.64.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.65.</td><td class="tocname2">Princeton Lightwave (Argo AI)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.65.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.65.2.</td><td class="tocname3">InP SPAD detector</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.65.3.</td><td class="tocname3">GmAPD focal plane array integration</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.66.</td><td class="tocname2">Psionic</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.66.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.67.</td><td class="tocname2">QLM Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.67.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.67.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.67.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Company product</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.68.</td><td class="tocname2">Quanergy</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Quanergy OPA lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.4.</td><td class="tocname3">OPA lidar detection range improvement</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Company products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Quanergy product roadmap</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Quanergy's major market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Quanergy partners for IoT applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Company revenue</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.68.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Quanergy's investors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.69.</td><td class="tocname2">Red Sensors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.69.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.70.</td><td class="tocname2">Robert Bosch</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.70.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.71.</td><td class="tocname2">RoboSense</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.71.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.71.2.</td><td class="tocname3">RS-Lidar-M1</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.71.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Current product lists</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.71.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Current product lists (cont.)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.71.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Company supply chain subsidiaries and partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.71.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Vehicle models with RoboSense's M1 lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.71.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Vehicle models with RoboSense's M1 lidar (cont.)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.71.8.</td><td class="tocname3">RoboSense's partners</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.72.</td><td class="tocname2">Rockley Photonics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.72.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.73.</td><td class="tocname2">Scantinel Photonics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.73.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.73.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.73.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Upcoming product</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.73.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Cooperation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.74.</td><td class="tocname2">SICK</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.74.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.75.</td><td class="tocname2">SiLC</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.75.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.75.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Long range and high resolution</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.75.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Company technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.75.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Product</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.75.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Chip technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.76.</td><td class="tocname2">Siminics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.76.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.77.</td><td class="tocname2">SlamTec</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.77.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.78.</td><td class="tocname2">Sony</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.78.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.78.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Product information</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.78.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.78.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Performance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.78.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar based on Sony's design</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.78.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Lidar based on Sony's design (cont.)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.79.</td><td class="tocname2">SOS Lab</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.79.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.79.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.80.</td><td class="tocname2">Strobe (Cruise)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.80.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.80.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.81.</td><td class="tocname2">SureStar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.81.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.82.</td><td class="tocname2">Tanway</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.82.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.83.</td><td class="tocname2">Terranet</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.83.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.83.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.83.3.</td><td class="tocname3">BlincVision's value</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.84.</td><td class="tocname2">TetraVue</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.84.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.85.</td><td class="tocname2">Toshiba</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.85.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.85.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology: optical path</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.85.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology: detector</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.85.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Projector miniaturization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.85.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Prototype evolution</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.86.</td><td class="tocname2">Toyota</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.86.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.87.</td><td class="tocname2">TriLumina (Lumentum)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.87.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.87.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.87.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.88.</td><td class="tocname2">Valeo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.88.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.88.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Valeo lidar portfolio</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.88.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Adoption examples</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.88.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Valeo SCALA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.88.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Valeo Near-Field Lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.88.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Sales 2021 vs 2020</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.89.</td><td class="tocname2">Vanjee Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.89.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.90.</td><td class="tocname2">Velodyne</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.90.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.90.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Velodyne product portfolios</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.90.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Velodyne software solutions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.90.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Velodyne lidar specifications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.90.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Velodyne Puck VLP-16 lidar</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.90.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Company financials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.91.</td><td class="tocname2">Veoneer (Qualcomm)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.91.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.91.2.</td><td class="tocname3">History of Autoliv</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.91.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Veoneer history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.92.</td><td class="tocname2">Voyant Photonics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.92.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.93.</td><td class="tocname2">Waymo</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.93.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.94.</td><td class="tocname2">XenomatiX</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.94.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.94.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.94.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.95.</td><td class="tocname2">ZhiSensor</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.95.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.96.</td><td class="tocname2">Z-senz</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.96.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">11.97.</td><td class="tocname2">ZVISION (AKA YijingTechnology)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.97.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.97.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company history</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.97.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">11.97.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Products</td></tr> </table> <div> </div> </div> <div class="report-orderinfo"> </div> <div class="report-relatedcontent" id="report-relatedcontent"></div>   </div> <div id="report-rhs"> <div id="bm-container"></div> 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