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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Solar power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethanol_fuel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethanol_fuel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ethanol fuel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethanol_fuel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biomass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biomass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Biomass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biomass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cachoeira_de_Paulo_Afonso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cachoeira_de_Paulo_Afonso.jpg/220px-Cachoeira_de_Paulo_Afonso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cachoeira_de_Paulo_Afonso.jpg/330px-Cachoeira_de_Paulo_Afonso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cachoeira_de_Paulo_Afonso.jpg/440px-Cachoeira_de_Paulo_Afonso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Afonso_Hydroelectric_Complex" title="Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex">Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Powerplant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2018, renewable energy accounted for 79% of the domestically produced <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Brazil" title="Electricity sector in Brazil">electricity used in Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brazil relies on <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a> for 65% of its electricity,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Brazilian government plans to expand the share of <a href="/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">wind energy</a> (currently 11%), <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a> (currently 2.5%) and <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as alternatives.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Brazil's Energy Master-plan 2016-2026 (PDE2016-2026), Brazil is expected to install 18,5GW of additional wind power generation, 84% in the North-East and 14% in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brazil started focusing on developing alternative sources of energy, mainly <a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil" title="Ethanol fuel in Brazil">sugarcane ethanol</a>, after the oil shocks in the 1970s. Brazil's large <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> farms helped the development. In 1985, 91% of cars produced that year ran on sugarcane ethanol. The success of <a href="/wiki/Flexible-fuel_vehicle" title="Flexible-fuel vehicle">flexible-fuel vehicles</a>, introduced in 2003, together with the mandatory E25 blend throughout the country, have allowed ethanol fuel consumption in the country to achieve a 50% market share of the gasoline-powered fleet by February 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-ANP07_2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANP07_2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European Investment Bank, as of 2023, signed a €200 million loan to make renewable energy to homes in Sao Paulo's favelas more available.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Total_energy_matrix_and_Electric_energy_matrix">Total energy matrix and Electric energy matrix</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Total energy matrix and Electric energy matrix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main characteristic of the Brazilian energy matrix is that it is much more renewable than that of the world. While in 2019 the world matrix was only 14% made up of renewable energy, Brazil's was at 45%. Petroleum and oil products made up 34.3% of the matrix; sugar cane derivatives, 18%; hydraulic energy, 12.4%; natural gas, 12.2%; firewood and charcoal, 8.8%; varied renewable energies, 7%; mineral coal, 5.3%; nuclear, 1.4%, and other non-renewable energies, 0.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-Matriz_Energética_e_Elétrica_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matriz_Energética_e_Elétrica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the electric energy matrix, the difference between Brazil and the world is even greater: while the world only had 25% of renewable electric energy in 2019, Brazil had 83%. The Brazilian electric matrix is composed of: hydraulic energy, 64.9%; biomass, 8.4%; wind energy, 8.6%; solar energy, 1%; natural gas, 9.3%; oil products, 2%; nuclear, 2.5%; coal and derivatives, 3.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-Matriz_Energética_e_Elétrica_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matriz_Energética_e_Elétrica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electricity">Electricity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydroelectricity">Hydroelectricity<span class="anchor" id="Hydroelectric_power"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hydroelectricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power plant">Hydroelectric power plants</a> produce almost 60% of the electrical energy consumed in Brazil .<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brazil has the third highest potential for hydroelectricity, following Russia and China.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is due to the topography of much of the country that forms rivers with high vertical drop creating the high potential for hydropower. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>At the end of 2021 Brazil was the 2nd country in the world in terms of installed <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power">hydroelectric power</a> (109.4 GW).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the dams produce large amounts of electricity, they can also have negative impacts on people that live in close proximity to them. Electricity and the other benefits of dams often bypass the rural communities that live near them. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Impacts_of_Climate_Change_on_Hydropower">Impacts of Climate Change on Hydropower</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Impacts of Climate Change on Hydropower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Climate modeling studies have indicated that if the climate continues to change as it has in recent years, there will be a reduction in precipitation in the region around Brazil. A reduction in precipitation would lead to a decrease in hydroelectricity production. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Itaipu_power_plant">Itaipu power plant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Itaipu power plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Itaipu_Dam" title="Itaipu Dam">Itaipu Dam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wenceslau_Braz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wenceslau_Braz.jpg/220px-Wenceslau_Braz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wenceslau_Braz.jpg/330px-Wenceslau_Braz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wenceslau_Braz.jpg/440px-Wenceslau_Braz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A small hydroelectric power plant in <a href="/wiki/Wenceslau_Braz,_Minas_Gerais" title="Wenceslau Braz, Minas Gerais">Wenceslau Braz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Itaipu_Dam" title="Itaipu Dam">Itaipu Dam</a> is the world's second largest hydroelectric power station by installed capacity. Built on the <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_River" title="Paraná River">Paraná River</a> dividing Brazil and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, the dam provides over 75% of Paraguay's electric power needs, and meets more than 20% of Brazil's total electricity demand. The river runs along the border of the two countries, and during the initial diplomatic talks for the dam construction both countries were suffering from droughts. The original goal was therefore to provide better management and utilization of water resources for the irrigation of crops. Argentina was also later incorporated in some of the governmental planning and agreements because it is directly affected, being downstream, by the regulation of the water on the river. If the dam were to completely open the water flow, areas as far south as <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> could potentially flood. </p><p>Construction of the dam started in 1975, and the first generator was opened in 1983. It is estimated that 10,000 locals were displaced by the construction of the dam, and around 40,000 people were hired to help with the construction of the project. Many environmental concerns were overlooked when constructing the dam, due to the trade-off considering the production of such a large amount of energy without carbon emissions, and no immediate harmful byproducts, such as with <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear energy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wind_power">Wind power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wind power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1240012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P1240012.JPG/220px-P1240012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P1240012.JPG/330px-P1240012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P1240012.JPG/440px-P1240012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Os%C3%B3rio_wind_farm" title="Osório wind farm">Windfarm in Osório</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 2022 Brazil reached 22 GW of installed wind power.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 Brazil was the 7th country in the world in terms of installed wind power (21 GW),<sup id="cite_ref-RENEWABLE_CAPACITY_STATISTICS_2021_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RENEWABLE_CAPACITY_STATISTICS_2021-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 4th largest producer of wind energy in the world (72 TWh), behind only China, USA and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of August 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag ref" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.org.br/paginas/conhecimento/acervo-digital/documentos-e-publicacoes">[ref]</a></sup> the total installed wind power capacity in Brazil was 18.9 GW, with 16.4 GW in the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast Region</a> and 2.0 GW in the <a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wind is more intense from June to December, coinciding with the months of lower rainfall intensity. This puts the wind as a potential complementary source of energy to hydroelectricity.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> (COP15) was taking place in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Brazil's National Electric Energy Agency (<a href="/wiki/ANEEL" class="mw-redirect" title="ANEEL">ANEEL</a>) held the country's first ever wind-only energy auction. On 14 December 2009, around 1,800 megawatts (MW) were contracted with energy from 71 wind power plants scheduled to be delivered beginning 1 July 2012. The 716 MW Lagoa dos Ventos began operating in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center"> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_g5c98pv2asqkbxgcd5xqh1nagb9hvbf"></map><img usemap="#timeline_g5c98pv2asqkbxgcd5xqh1nagb9hvbf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/g5c98pv2asqkbxgcd5xqh1nagb9hvbf.png" /></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solar_power">Solar power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Solar power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Brazil" title="Solar power in Brazil">Solar power in Brazil</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif/220px-Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif/330px-Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif/440px-Usina_solar_de_Pirapora_2.gif 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pirapora_Solar_Complex" title="Pirapora Solar Complex">Pirapora Solar Complex</a>, one of the largest in Brazil and Latin America, with a capacity of 321 MW.</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 2022 Brazil reached 22 GW of installed solar power.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, Brazil was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed solar power (13 GW),<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total installed <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar power</a> in Brazil was estimated at 34.2 GW at October 2023, which consists of about 15.6% of the country's electricity matrix.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Brazil was the 8th country in the world in terms of installed solar power capacity (24.079 GW).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of May 2022,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag ref" style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.org.br/paginas/conhecimento/acervo-digital/documentos-e-publicacoes">[ref]</a></sup> according to ONS, total installed capacity of <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic solar">photovoltaic solar</a> was 15.18 GW, with 10 GW of <a href="/wiki/Distributed_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed solar">distributed solar</a> (where <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> stood out with 1.73 GW, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a> with 1.29 GW and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a> with 1.17 GW of this total) and 5.18 GW in <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station" title="Photovoltaic power station">solar plants</a> (where <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a>, with 1,354 MW, <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>, with 1,205 MW, <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>, with 730 MW, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a>, with 588 MW and <a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a>, with 499 MW stood out)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brazil has one of the highest solar incidence in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest solar plants in Brazil consist of Ituverava and the Nova Olinda plants. The Ituverava solar plant produces 254 MW and the Nova Olinda plant produces 292 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center"> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_627hfjucw3jrwuep24skahs5tmby69z"></map><img usemap="#timeline_627hfjucw3jrwuep24skahs5tmby69z" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/627hfjucw3jrwuep24skahs5tmby69z.png" /></div> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2;" style="background-color: #cfb;">Year</th> <th colspan="2;" style="background-color: #cfb;">Installed PV capacity<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #cfb;">MW </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2013</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2014</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2015</td> <td>41 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2016</td> <td>148 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2017</td> <td>1,296 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2018</td> <td>2,470 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2019</td> <td>4,615 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2020</td> <td>7,881 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2021</td> <td>13,055 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>2022</td> <td>24,079 </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>23 Oct</td> <td>34.2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethanol_fuel">Ethanol fuel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ethanol fuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil" title="Ethanol fuel in Brazil">Ethanol fuel in Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil" title="History of ethanol fuel in Brazil">History of ethanol fuel in Brazil</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flexible-fuel_vehicle" title="Flexible-fuel vehicle">Flexible-fuel vehicle</a></div> <p>Brazil is the second largest producer of ethanol in the world and is the largest <a href="/wiki/Exporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Exporter">exporter</a> of the fuel. In 2008, Brazil produced 454,000 bbl/d of ethanol, up from 365,000 in 2007. All gasoline in Brazil contains ethanol, with blending levels varying from 20–25%. Over half of all cars in the country are of the flex-fuel variety, meaning that they can run on 100% ethanol or an ethanol-gasoline mixture. According to ANP, Brazil also produced about 20,000 bbl/d of <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a> in 2008, and the agency has enacted a 3% blending requirement for domestic diesel sales.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The importance of ethanol in Brazil's domestic transportation fuels market is expected to increase in the future. According to <a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a>, ethanol accounts for more than 50% of current light vehicle fuel demand, and the company expects this to increase to over 80% by 2020. Because ethanol production continues to grow faster than domestic demand, Brazil has sought to increase ethanol exports. According to industry sources, Brazil's ethanol exports reached 86,000 bbl/d in 2008, with 13,000 bbl/d going to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Brazil is the largest ethanol exporter in the world, holding over 90% of the global export market.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biomass">Biomass</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Biomass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG/220px-Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG/330px-Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG/440px-Faz_S_Sofia_canavial_090607_REFON.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">Sugarcane</a> <a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_the_Caribbean" title="Sugar plantations in the Caribbean">plantation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Avar%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Avaré">Avaré</a> (State of São Paulo). Cane remains are used to produce <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> energy.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reflorestamento_eucalipto_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_(F%C3%A1bio_Pozzebom)24mar2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Reflorestamento_eucalipto_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_%28F%C3%A1bio_Pozzebom%2924mar2007.jpg/220px-Reflorestamento_eucalipto_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_%28F%C3%A1bio_Pozzebom%2924mar2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Reflorestamento_eucalipto_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_%28F%C3%A1bio_Pozzebom%2924mar2007.jpg/330px-Reflorestamento_eucalipto_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_%28F%C3%A1bio_Pozzebom%2924mar2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Reflorestamento_eucalipto_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_%28F%C3%A1bio_Pozzebom%2924mar2007.jpg/440px-Reflorestamento_eucalipto_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_%28F%C3%A1bio_Pozzebom%2924mar2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1311" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a> in the State of <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>. Remains of the tree are reused for biomass power generation.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2020, Brazil was the 2nd largest country in the world in the production of energy through <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> (energy production from solid biofuels and renewable waste), with 15,2 GW installed.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">Biomass</a> is a clean energy source used in Brazil. It reduces environmental pollution as it uses organic garbage, <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a> remains, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> shaving or vegetable oil. Refuse cane, with its high energetic value, has been used to produce electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 1 million people in the country work in the production of biomass, and this energy represents 27% of Brazil's energetic matrix.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Where biomass plantations are supplying energy on a commercial basis in Brazil, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, it can be shown that a combination of government policies or high conventional energy prices have stimulated the use of short-rotation plantations for energy. Brazil used tax incentives beginning in the mid-1960s to initiate a reforestation program to provide for industrial wood energy and wood product needs. As a consequence of the Brazilian Forestry Code with its favourable tax incentives, the planted forest area in Brazil increased from 470,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>hectares to 6.5 million<span class="nowrap"> </span>hectares by 1993. With the discontinuation of the tax incentives in 1988, plantation establishment in Brazil has slowed, although the commercial feasibility of using <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> for energy and other products has been clearly demonstrated.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_funding">External funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a> provided a €200 million loan starting 2021 to support renewable energy projects, specifically to establish a <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farm</a> and solar power plant.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:31_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:31-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This will support a series of onshore wind farms divided into two clusters, in <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a>. A s<a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station" title="Photovoltaic power station">olar photovoltaic plant</a> will be built 10 km away from the Paraiba wind farm, with a total capacity of 574 MW (425 MW of wind power and 149 MW of solar power).<sup id="cite_ref-:31_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:31-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renewable_energy_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EPE&rft.atitle=Plano+Decenal+de+Expans%C3%A3o+de+Energia+2026&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epe.gov.br%2Fpt%2Fpublicacoes-dados-abertos%2Fpublicacoes%2FPlano-Decenal-de-Expansao-de-Energia-2026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenewable+energy+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capitalinvest-group.com/en/invest-in-brazil-ma-guide/">"Invest in Brazil - Brazilian M&A Guide 2018"</a>. <i>CAPITAL INVEST</i>. 24 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kenya" title="Wind power in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Morocco" title="Wind power in Morocco">Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Asia" title="Wind power in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Armenia" title="Wind power in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_China" title="Wind power in China">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lamma_Winds" title="Lamma Winds">Hong Kong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Iran" title="Wind power in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Japan" title="Wind power in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_Philippines" title="Wind power in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Russia" title="Wind power in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_South_Korea" title="Wind power in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Taiwan" title="Wind power in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Thailand" title="Wind power in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Turkey" title="Wind power in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Europe" title="Wind power in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Armenia" title="Wind power in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Austria" title="Wind power in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Belgium" title="Wind power in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Belarus" title="Wind power in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Bulgaria" title="Wind power in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Croatia" title="Wind power in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Denmark" title="Wind power in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Estonia" title="Wind power in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Finland" title="Wind power in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_France" title="Wind power in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Germany" title="Wind power in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Hungary" title="Wind power in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Italy" title="Wind power in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_Netherlands" title="Wind power in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Poland" title="Wind power in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Portugal" title="Wind power in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Romania" title="Wind power in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Russia" title="Wind power in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Serbia" title="Wind power in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spain" title="Wind power in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Sweden" title="Wind power in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Turkey" title="Wind power in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ukraine" title="Wind power in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Scotland" title="Wind power in Scotland">Scotland</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Canada" title="Wind power in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Mexico" title="Wind power in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Australia" title="Wind power in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Wind power in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Uruguay" title="Wind power in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micon-Turbine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/32px-Micon-Turbine.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/48px-Micon-Turbine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/64px-Micon-Turbine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wind_power" title="Portal:Wind power">Wind power portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/28px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/42px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/56px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Template:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Template talk:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_energy_topics_by_country_and_territory" title="List of renewable energy topics by country and territory">Renewable energy by country and territory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Africa" title="Renewable energy in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Renewable energy in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kenya" title="Renewable energy in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Morocco" title="Renewable energy in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Seychelles" title="Renewable energy in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_South_Africa" title="Renewable energy in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Afghanistan" title="Renewable energy in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bhutan" title="Renewable energy in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brunei" title="Renewable energy in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India" title="Renewable energy in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Renewable energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nepal" title="Renewable energy in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Pakistan" title="Renewable energy in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Palestine" title="Renewable energy in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Renewable energy in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Taiwan" title="Renewable energy in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Thailand" title="Renewable energy in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_European_Union" title="Renewable energy in the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Austria" title="Renewable energy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Renewable energy in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus#Renewable_energy" title="Energy in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Denmark" title="Renewable energy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Finland" title="Renewable energy in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_France" title="Renewable energy in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Germany" title="Renewable energy in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Greece" title="Renewable energy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Hungary" title="Renewable energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Lithuania" title="Renewable energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Renewable energy in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Portugal" title="Renewable energy in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Spain" title="Renewable energy in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Armenia" title="Renewable energy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Belarus" title="Renewable energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Norway" title="Renewable energy in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Russia" title="Renewable energy in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland#Renewable_energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ukraine" title="Renewable energy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Canada" title="Renewable energy in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Costa_Rica" title="Renewable energy in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Honduras" title="Renewable energy in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Mexico" title="Renewable energy in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Australia" title="Renewable energy in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Renewable energy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_French_Polynesia" title="Renewable energy in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Renewable energy in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Tuvalu" title="Renewable energy in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Chile" title="Renewable energy in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Colombia" title="Renewable energy in Colombia">Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Renewable_energy_by_country" title="Category:Renewable energy by country">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Brazil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Brazil" title="Template:Economy of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:Economy of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Economy of Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Brazil" title="Economic history of Brazil">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Gold_Rush" title="Brazilian Gold Rush">Gold cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee cycle">Coffee cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" title="Economy of the Empire of Brazil">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazenda" title="Fazenda">Fazenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rubber_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon rubber boom">Rubber cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_Trienal" title="Plano Trienal">Plano Trienal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Miracle" title="Brazilian Miracle">Brazilian Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_effect" title="Samba effect">Samba effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_Collor" title="Plano Collor">Plano Collor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brazilian_economic_stabilization_plans" title="Timeline of Brazilian economic stabilization plans">Stabilization plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9310_recession_in_South_America#Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–10 recession in South America">2007–10 recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Brazilian_economic_crisis" title="2014 Brazilian economic crisis">2014 crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Brazil" title="Agriculture in Brazil">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_wine" title="Brazilian wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_production_in_Brazil" title="Banana production in Brazil">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_production_in_Brazil" title="Orange production in Brazil">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Brazil" title="Beer in Brazil">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Brazil" title="Coffee production in Brazil">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_in_Brazil" title="Irrigation in Brazil">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Brazil" title="Animal husbandry in Brazil">Animal husbandry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Welfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Fam%C3%ADlia" title="Bolsa Família">Bolsa Família</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aux%C3%ADlio_Brasil" title="Auxílio Brasil">Auxílio Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cingapura_project" title="Cingapura project">Cingapura project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fome_Zero" title="Fome Zero">Fome Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Brazil">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil" title="Ethanol fuel in Brazil">Ethanol fuel</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil" title="History of ethanol fuel in Brazil">History</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Brazil" title="Electricity sector in Brazil">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Brazil" title="Solar power in Brazil">Solar power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_(mining_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale (mining company)">Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eletrobras" title="Eletrobras">Eletrobras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil" title="Industry in Brazil">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industry_in_Brazil" title="Creative industry in Brazil">Creative industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Automotive industry</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_Brazil" title="List of automobiles manufactured in Brazil">Automobiles manufactured</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Brazil" title="Health in Brazil">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Brazil" title="List of exports of Brazil">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brazil" title="Tourism in Brazil">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brazil" title="Transport in Brazil">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brazil" title="Telecommunications in Brazil">Telecommunications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product">Federative units by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index">Federative units by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Brazil" title="List of companies of Brazil">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Brazil" title="Corruption in Brazil">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brazil" title="Transport in Brazil">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_Cost" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil Cost">Brazil Cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B3_(stock_exchange)" title="B3 (stock exchange)">B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_disease" title="Brazilian disease">Brazilian disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel%C3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelô">Camelô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Brazil" title="Central Bank of Brazil">Central Bank of Brazil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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