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</div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col-preview" aria-hidden="true"> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col col-preview" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="mobile-branch-switch-pos" data-quickedit-entity-id="block_content/102"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-content9de8c990-5472-41eb-95d0-13590020cdb6"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="branch-switch branch-pc align-items-center"> <div class="branch-switch-img"> </div> <div class="branch-switch-txt flex-fill"> <p class="branch-switch-label"><a href="/for-supporters-advocates">Are you a Patient or Caregiver?</a></p> <p class="mb-0"><a class="btn btn-primary mb-0" href="/for-patients-caregivers"><b>Go To Section</b></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="branch-switch branch-supporter align-items-center"> <div class="branch-switch-img"> </div> <div class="branch-switch-txt flex-fill"> <p 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class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/erika-giraud-b_zi7R-qIdQ-unsplash-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Survivorship Events</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn about LUNGevity’s survivorship conferences, which are designed to inform, connect, and empower anyone who has been affected by lung cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/survivorship-events" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-lung-cancer-staging.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Lung Cancer Staging</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn about what lung cancer staging is, when and how it is determined, and what each specific stage means for you.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/lung-cancer-staging" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-recently-diagnosed.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Recently Diagnosed</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Are you or a loved one recently diagnosed and wondering what happens now? LUNGevity’s Right Track can guide the way to precision resources and treatment.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/recently-diagnosed" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-08/stock-market.jpg" width="477" height="350" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Gifts of Stock</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>A gift of appreciated securities can be a meaningful contribution while also providing the donor a charitable income tax deduction.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/ways-to-give/gifts-of-stock" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-online-communities.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Online Communities</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Discover many ways to connect online with other people who have been affected by lung cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/online-communities" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-managing-treatment-side-effects.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Managing Treatment Side Effects</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Better understand and manage the side effects of conventional cancer therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/managing-treatment-side-effects" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Helpful%20Tools%20-%20Intelligent%20Nutrition%20Assistant-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Intelligent Nutrition Assistant</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Eating a healthy diet can play an important role in lung cancer care. Ina®, a personal intelligent nutrition assistant, is available 24/7 for on-demand support.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/intelligent-nutrition-assistant" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-08/two-women-laptop-window.jpg" width="524" height="350" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Matching Gifts</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Find out if your employer matches contributions you make to nonprofit organizations. You may be able to double the value of your gift.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/matching-gifts" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/NAV%20DIAGNOSIS%20-%20whattoaskdoc-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">What To Ask Your Doctor</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Help guide your treatment conversations at every step with this series of questions for healthcare professionals.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/what-to-ask-your-doctor" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Survivor%20Resource%20Center%20-%20Managing%20Breathing-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Managing Your Breathing</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn about pulmonary rehabilitation, a medically supervised program to help people with lung disease improve their overall physical, mental, and social functioning. </p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/managing-your-breathing" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-family-reach.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Family Reach's Financial Treatment Program</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>A lung cancer diagnosis can often bring financial barriers with it. Financial Treatment Program helps you manage your finances to give you peace of mind.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/family-reachs-financial-treatment-program" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-11/virtual-meetups-menu-tmb.jpg" width="458" height="300" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Virtual Meetups</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Make friends and find encouragement through our Virtual Meetups for patients, survivors, caregivers, and friends and family members of people with lung cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/virtual-meetups" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Helpful%20Tools%20-%20Checklists-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Checklists</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download checklists to help you prepare for doctor visits and traveling.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/checklists" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-additional-resources.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Additional Resources for Survivors</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Explore additional resources to help you find information on many aspects of living with lung cancer, resources in your area, and specific kinds of assistance.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/additional-resources-for-survivors" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-take-the-quiz.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Are You Eligible for Screening?</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>See if the present guidelines suggest that you should be screened for lung cancer. Start the quiz now.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/are-you-eligible-for-screening" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/LUNG%20CANCER%20101%20-%20How%20Lung%20Cancer%20Develops-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">How Lung Cancer Develops</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p><span><span><span><span>Understand how the lungs work, how lung cancer develops, and how it can metastasize (spread to another part of the body).</span></span></span></span></p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/how-lung-cancer-develops" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Caregiver%20Resource%20Center%20-%20Role%20of%20a%20Caregiver-THUMB_0.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Role of the Caregiver</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Caregiving may be the most difficult job you ever take on, but one of the most valuable. Discover resources to assist you with this responsibility.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/caregiver-resource-center/role-of-caregiver" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-follow-up-screening.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Follow-up After Screening</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>The results are in, and now what? Learn about the important steps you need to take after a follow-up screening.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/follow-up-after-screening" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-signs-symptoms.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Signs & Symptoms</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn how to identify the signs and symptoms of lung cancer and when it may be time to talk to your doctor.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/signs-symptoms" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-caregiving-tips.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Caregiving Tips</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Check out these 10 tips to help you through the caregiver process and download tip sheets on specific aspects of caregiving.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/caregiver-resource-center/caregiving-tips" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-07/image4.jpg" width="1430" height="953" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Become a Mentor</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Find out more about available peer-to-peer mentoring from survivors and caregivers as well as clinical trial ambassadors, who help shed light on the clinical trial experience.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/get-involved/become-mentor" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-types-of-lung-cancer.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Types of Lung Cancer</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Not all lung cancers are the same. Learn about the two major histologic types, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which have several subtypes.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/types-of-lung-cancer" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Caregiving%20Resource%20Center%20-%20End-of-life%20planning-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">End-of-Life Planning</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>As a caregiver, you are in the best position to help your loved one address the practical, logistical, and emotional concerns that go along with an often fast-moving disease. LUNGevity has gathered resources to help you navigate this process.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/caregiver-resource-center/end-of-life-planning" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-ed-materials_1.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Get Educational Materials</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download materials about lung cancer, raising awareness in your community, and vital support services for survivors and their loved ones.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/lung-cancer-awareness/get-educational-materials" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/lung-cancer-101-thumb-5.png" width="375" height="274" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Diagnosing Lung Cancer</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Discover what steps and tests are used in diagnosing lung cancer, including medical history, imaging tests, laboratory tests, biopsies, and biomarker tests.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/diagnosing-lung-cancer" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-additional-resources-2.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Additional Resources for Caregivers</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Explore additional resources to help you in your role as a caregiver.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/caregiver-resource-center/additional-resources-for-caregivers" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-1199705901.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Volunteer for Events</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn about events in your area and how you can start your own DIY fundraiser</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/get-involved/volunteer-for-events" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-your-medical-team.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Your Medical Team</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Many types of doctors and other healthcare professionals may be a part of your comprehensive care team. Find out more about the roles and responsibilities of your medical team.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/your-medical-team" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-more-resources.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">More Resources for Patients & Caregivers</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Browse additional resources selected to help you find more information and support.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/more-resources-for-patients-caregivers" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/LUNG%20CANCER%20101%20-%20Screening-early_detection-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Why Is Early Detection Important?</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Finding lung cancer early, when it is most treatable, can save lives. Learn about early detection and what you need to know about lung cancer screening.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/screening-for-lung-cancer/early-lung-cancer-screening/why-is-early-detection-important" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-treatment-options.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Treatment Options for Lung Cancer</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Find out more about treatment options for lung cancer by type and stage of the cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/treatment-options-for-lung-cancer" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-1248413057.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Lung Cancer Statistics</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Learn the facts about lung cancer and download infographics to share this information with others.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/lung-cancer-awareness/lung-cancer-statistics" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/navigating-your-diagnosis-thumb-4.jpg" width="375" height="274" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Team</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Help guide your treatment conversations at every step with this series of questions for you to ask your healthcare team.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/screening-for-lung-cancer/early-lung-cancer-screening/questions-to-ask-your-healthcare-team" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Lung%20Cancer101-reducing-risk-MH-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Reducing Your Risk</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Take an in-depth look at many risk factors associated with lung cancer including tobacco exposure, radon, air pollution, and more.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/reducing-your-risk" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-social-media-ambass.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Social Media Volunteer Program</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Help promote LUNGevity and lung cancer awareness as a Social Media Ambassador. Find out more about program qualifications and apply today.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/volunteer/social-media-volunteer-program" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-lung-nodules.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">What Are Lung Nodules?</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Lung nodules can be quite common, and most are not cancerous, but it is important to understand what they are and how they may impact your treatment plan.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/what-are-lung-nodules" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Helpful%20Tools%20-%20Video%20%26%20Webinar%20Library-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Glossary</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Explore a robust glossary of terms and acronyms related to lung cancer.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/glossary" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-ed-materials.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Get Educational Materials</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download materials about lung cancer, raising awareness in your community, and vital support services for survivors and their loved ones.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-resources/get-educational-materials" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/donate-now-thumb.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Donate Now</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Support LUNGevity Foundation with a one-time, monthly, or annual donation. Funds can be directed to lung cancer research, education and support, or areas of greatest need.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lungevity.donordrive.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=donate.event&eventID=1" target="_blank"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-practical-support.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Practical Support</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Get information about support with practical aspects of having cancer such as transportation to and from medical appointments, basic living needs and expenses, and employment and legal issues.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/practical-support" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-629297668.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Tribute Funds</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Honor or remember a loved one by creating a LUNGevity Tribute Fund, a fundraising campaign established in honor of them that you and others can donate to.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-supporters-advocates/ways-to-give/tribute-funds" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-961715338.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Honor/Memorial Donations</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>When you donate in honor or memory of someone, LUNGevity will send an acknowledgment of your thoughtful donation to the person indicated but will not reveal the amount of the donation.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lungevity.donordrive.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=donate.event&eventID=578" target="_blank"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Survivor%20Resource%20Center%20-%20Emotional%20Support%20and%20Community-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Emotional Support & Community</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Communities can help offer much-needed emotional support for people with lung cancer. Discover how LUNGevity can connect you with others.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/emotional-support-community" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-biomarker-testing.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Biomarker Testing</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p><span>Not all lung cancers are the same. Comprehensive biomarker testing can identify specific genetic “drivers” in your cancer (called biomarkers) that cause cancer to grow and spread in different ways. This can help you identify the appropriate treatment plan for you.</span></p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/navigating-your-diagnosis/biomarker-testing" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-07/image4_thumb.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Monthly Giving</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Add hope to your monthly subscriptions by becoming a LUNGevity monthly donor. Subscribe today.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lungevity.donordrive.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=donate.event&eventID=991" target="_blank"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/Survivor%20Resource%20Center%20-%20Comp_therapies-THUMB.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Complementary Therapies</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Some patients find complementary therapies beneficial in addition to their lung cancer treatments. Find out more about common complementary practices.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/survivor-resource-center/complementary-therapies" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-helpline.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Lung Cancer HELPLine</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>LUNGevity’s Lung Cancer HELPLine offers toll-free, personalized support for patients and caregivers. Dial 844-360-5864 Monday through Thursday, 10am to 6pm ET, and Friday, 10am to 5pm ET.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/lung-cancer-helpline" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/preview-ed-materials_2.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Get Educational Materials</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download materials about lung cancer, raising awareness in your community, and vital support services for survivors and their loved ones.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-tools/get-educational-materials#l"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-05/GettyImages-691388670.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Screening & Early Detection</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p><span><span><span><span>Finding lung cancer early on can make a difference. Learn about early detection and all the details you need to know about the screening process.</span></span></span></span></p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/node/5462"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-06/image4.jpg" width="1430" height="953" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Peer-to-Peer Mentoring</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p><span><span><span><span>Finding someone who understands what you’re going through isn’t easy. Patients and caregivers can get matched with one-on-one mentors who can help you navigate through the emotions and logistics of life with lung cancer. </span></span></span></span></p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/support-services/peer-to-peer-mentoring" target="_self"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-image"><div class="field-content"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2021-07/preview-ed-materials.jpg" width="282" height="204" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">Get Educational Materials</span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-menu-preview-body"><div class="field-content"><p>View and download materials about lung cancer, raising awareness in your community, and vital support services for survivors and their loved ones.</p></div></div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"> <a class="btn btn-secondary preview-learn-more-btn" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/for-patients-caregivers/helpful-tools/get-educational-materials#d"> Learn More </a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page" class="page-max-width"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main class="main" id="main"> <div class="hero-field"> <div class="hero-image" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/2021-05/LUNG%20CANCER%20101%20-%20Screening-early_detection.jpg);"> <div class="hero-label"> <div> <div class="hero-label-txt col-12 col-md-auto"> <h1>Screening & Early Detection</h1> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/lung-cancer-basics">Lung Cancer Basics</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrapper"> <aside class="sidebars"> <div class="sidebars-content sidebar"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainmenu-3-menu" id="block-mainmenu-3" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main"> <h2 id="block-mainmenu-3-menu">Menu</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/are-you-eligible-for-screening" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5468">Are You Eligible for Screening?</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/what-are-lung-nodules" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5498">What Are Lung Nodules?</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/lung-cancer-basics/screening-early-detection/follow-up-after-screening" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5472">Follow-up Screening</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </aside> <div id="content" role="main"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-lungevity-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> </div> <div id="block-lungevity-system-main" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article data-history-node-id="256" class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="large">Finding lung cancer early, when it is easiest to treat, can save lives.</p> <p class="callout-box"><img alt="Screening & Early Detection booklet" class="display-left" data-entity-type data-entity-uuid src="/sites/default/files/request-materials/screening-early-detection-booklet-cover-112320.jpg" title="Screening & Early Detection booklet">To help you understand and share this information, you can <a href="/node/1894">view our free booklet</a> and Lung Cancer Basics on lung cancer screening and early detection that summarize the detailed information in the following sections.</p> <p>Early detection of lung cancer is defined as strategies that can detect lung cancer at a <span class="qtip-link">stage</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title data-qtip-instance>the extent of cancer in the body</span> where surgery or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) can be offered with the goal of a cure. There are a number of factors that determine the outlook for any lung cancer patient in addition to when the lung cancer is detected, including the type of lung cancer, the patient's health in general, and the responsiveness of the patient's lung cancer to treatment. However, lung cancer is most easily and effectively treated when it is found at an early stage. Statistically, those with lung cancer caught early on have a much higher likelihood of surviving at least five years after diagnosis than those diagnosed when the lung cancer is more advanced.</p> <p>However, currently, only 21% of lung cancers are diagnosed while the tumor is still localized—that is, only found at the site where it started. This is commonly referred to as stage I. The major challenge is that most people with lung cancer only have symptoms when they are in later stages of the disease, so lung cancer is not usually suspected and discovered until it has had the chance to grow and spread.<sup><a href="#1">1</a></sup></p> <p><img alt="Pie chart showing lung cancer percentages by stage" data-entity-type data-entity-uuid src="/sites/default/files/2024-02/lung-cancer-diagnoses-by-stage_021424.png"></p> <div data-ui-role="accordion" data-ui-collapsed="true"> <h2>How can lung cancer be detected early?</h2> <p>Lung cancer can be detected early via screening.</p> <p><em>Screening for lung cancer means checking for cancer before there are any symptoms. </em>Examples of commonly used screening tests for cancer are mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies for colon cancer, and the PAP smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests for cervical cancer.<a href="#2"><sup>2</sup></a></p> <p>For lung cancer, early-detection screening by a <span class="qtip-link">low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title data-qtip-instance>A form of CT scan that uses less radiation than a standard chest CT</span> (also called low-dose spiral CT scan or helical CT scan) has proven to be effective among individuals considered to be at high risk. It is also only recommended for these individuals. The usefulness of CT scans in high-risk individuals was demonstrated by the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and confirmed by the Nederlands-Leuvent Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek (NELSON) trial.</p> <p>CT scans are much more sensitive than chest <span class="qtip-link">X-rays</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title data-qtip-instance>A type of radiation used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases</span> and can detect smaller abnormalities that may be lung cancer. Chest X-rays are not recommended for lung cancer screening because they often miss early-stage lung cancers and have not resulted in decreased <span class="qtip-link">mortality</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title data-qtip-instance>Death rate, or the number of deaths in a certain group of people in a specific period of time</span>. This is also the case for <span class="qtip-link">sputum</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title data-qtip-instance>Mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs by coughing</span> cytology, a test that checks for abnormal cells in sputum.<a href="#3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> <h2>Who should be screened for lung cancer?</h2> <p>There are several sets of guidelines, including the ones outlined below, to help determine who should be screened for lung cancer. <em>These guidelines are primarily based on active (current or prior) tobacco exposure.</em> The guidelines have been established in large part from the results of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). They are very similar, with the differences primarily related to the role of screening for the oldest patients and risk factors other than smoking. All of the patients who are recommended for screening are considered to be at high risk for developing lung cancer but do not currently have any symptoms to suggest that they do have lung cancer. Patients should discuss these guidelines with their doctor and understand the risks and benefits before undergoing lung cancer screening.</p> <p>The guidelines from the <strong>US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)</strong> include annual screening in adults who:<a href="#11"><sup>11</sup></a></p> <ul> <li>Are aged 50 to 80 years <em>and</em></li> <li>Have a 20 pack-year smoking history <em>and</em></li> <li>Currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years <p> <img alt="Definition of pack-year" data-align="left" data-entity-type data-entity-uuid src="https://lungevity.canto.com/direct/image/uqtc1mvvv91hbd9pq2pbob6p3u/B-w-JmnvMCyLv9xkflHy-nAsGP0/original?content-type=image%2Fpng&name=Pack-year.png"></p></li> </ul> <p>The USPSTF recommends that lung cancer screening stop once a person:<a href="#11"><sup>11</sup></a></p> <ul> <li>Reaches 81 years of age <em>or</em></li> <li>Has not smoked in 15 years <em>or</em></li> <li>Develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery</li> </ul> <p>The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) covers costs associated with lung cancer screening based on the USPSTF criteria.</p> <p>The guidelines from the <strong>National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®)</strong> include annual screening for individuals in the following high-risk group. These are adults who:</p> <ul> <li>Are 50 years of age or older <em>and</em></li> <li>Have a 20-pack-year or more history of smoking cigarettes</li> </ul> <p>Follow-up screening may occur in 12 months, or sooner, depending on the recommendation of your healthcare provider.<a href="#7"><sup>7</sup></a></p> <p>The guidelines from the <strong>American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST®)</strong> include annual screening with low-dose CT scans in adults as follows:<a href="#8"><sup>8</sup></a></p> <p><em>Recommendation 1</em></p> <ul> <li>Are aged 55-77 years <em>and</em></li> <li>Have smoked 30 pack-years or more <em>and</em></li> <li>Either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years</li> </ul> <p><em>Recommendation 2</em><br> For asymptomatic individuals who do not meet the smoking and/or age criteria in recommendation 1 but:</p> <ul> <li>Are age 50-80 <em>and</em></li> <li>Have smoked 20 pack-years or more <em>and</em></li> <li>Either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years</li> </ul> <p><em>Recommendation 3</em></p> <ul> <li>For asymptomatic individuals who do not meet the smoking and/or age criteria in recommendations 1 and 2 but are projected to have a high net benefit from lung cancer screening based on the results of validated clinical risk prediction calculations and life expectancy estimates, or based on life-year gained calculations</li> </ul> <h2>What about screening for those who do not meet the current screening criteria?</h2> <p>Those who do not meet the current screening criteria should speak with their doctor about the current status of their eligibility for screening. Note that health insurance, both government and private, typically does not cover screening for those who do not meet the screening criteria.</p> <p>The current criteria for lung cancer screening are based on active tobacco exposure. If you feel that you may have been exposed to other risk factors of lung cancer <a href="/node/202">(read about risk factors here)</a>, you may choose to discuss the possibility of screening with your doctor.</p> <h2>What to expect during a low-dose CT (LDCT) screening scan</h2> <p>The low-dose CT scan is a computerized X-ray imaging procedure that yields detailed pictures, or scans, of areas inside the body. Because the scanning produces multiple images from different angles, it can show both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images of anything abnormal in the chest. CT scan images show more detail than a traditional X-ray.<sup><a href="#14">14</a></sup></p> <p>CT scans are a painless and noninvasive procedure; the patient needs no dyes or injections and has nothing to swallow.<a href="#15"><sup>15</sup></a></p> <p>The scan itself takes less than a minute. During the procedure, the patient lies very still on the CT table. Depending on the scanner, either the table passes slowly through the center of the scanner or the table stays still while the scanner moves around the patient. There might be whirring sounds during the procedure. At times during the procedure, the technician operating the equipment will ask the patient to hold his or her breath; this prevents blurring of the images.<sup><a href="#14">14</a>,<a href="#15">15</a></sup></p> <p>A CT scan can provide very detailed information, including the size, shape, or location of an abnormality. However, a scan cannot diagnose whether or not an abnormality is cancer. What happens when a pulmonary nodule is found is discussed in a later section.</p> <p class="rtecenter"><img alt="What to expect during an LDCT" data-entity-type data-entity-uuid src="/sites/default/files/illustrations/What%20to%20expect%20during%20an%20LDCT%20scan.png"></p> <h2>What else to know about lung cancer screening</h2> <p>Despite the benefits of low-dose CT scans for lung cancer screening, including decreased mortality from lung cancer, decreased mortality from lung cancer treatment, and improved quality of life, there are some drawbacks and risks, including that a CT scan may:<sup><a href="#6">6</a>,<a href="#14">14</a>,<a href="#16">16</a>,<a href="#17">17</a></sup></p> <ul> <li>Find abnormalities that have to be checked with either another scan or a <span class="qtip-link">biopsy</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title data-qtip-instance>The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist</span> if considered suspicious; the vast majority of the time these end up <em>not</em> being cancerous</li> <li>Miss very small cancers or cancers that are hidden behind other structures in the chest</li> <li>Expose a patient to a small amount of radiation. While it is a smaller dose than that from a standard CT scan, multiple low-dose CT scans can lead to greater radiation exposure. High doses of radiation exposure can lead to other types of cancer in the future</li> <li>Detect tumors that would not become problematic. Such tumors may be indolent (tumors that grow slowly and may not always require treatment)</li> <li>Have costs for the patient that are not covered by the patient's insurance</li> <li>Cause stress while waiting for test results</li> </ul> <p>In addition:</p> <ul> <li>Not all tumors that are found will be at an early stage</li> <li>Screening can only be done at facilities that can perform a low-dose CT scan, so a patient may have to travel to obtain a screening</li> </ul> <p><em>It is important to keep in mind that a low-dose CT scan can find other abnormal growths in tissues outside the lungs (incidental nonpulmonary findings). These findings need to be followed up on by your doctor or specialist.</em></p> <h2>What is shared decision-making? Why is it important for lung cancer screening?</h2> <p>Ideally, the decision to be screened or not should be made together by the patient and the patient's primary care doctor or pulmonologist. The doctor knows the patient's history and possible risk factors best and can help guide the patient to the right screening center. (Some screening centers require a doctor's prescription in advance for a scan. Others will do an evaluation, also called a risk assessment, without a prescription to determine whether a patient's history and risk factors warrant a scan.)</p> <p>In most cases, before screening is initiated, a face-to-face visit between you and your primary care doctor or pulmonologist is required. During this visit, the doctor will ask you for specific information relating to your current and past cigarette use, and together you will discuss the benefits and harms of CT lung screening and tobacco cessation counseling. This is termed a shared decision-making visit. Information gathered and documented in the office visit notes (medical record) will determine whether you are eligible for a low-dose CT scan lung screening program.<a href="#18"><sup>18</sup></a></p> <h2>Choosing a screening center</h2> <p>The National Comprehensive Cancer Network® recommends going to screening centers that:<a href="#7"><sup>7</sup></a></p> <ul> <li>Follow an organized plan that is updated to include new technology and knowledge</li> <li>Have a high-quality screening program with enough staff and resources</li> <li>Are accredited to do CT scans by a certifying organization, such as the American College of Radiology</li> <li>Get scans read by an American Board of Radiology board-certified radiologist who is an expert in lung cancer screening</li> <li>Offer modern multislice CT equipment (which is able to take multiple images in one rotation of the equipment) that does high-quality, low-dose, and non-contrast spiral CT scans</li> <li>Partner with a health center that has experience and excellence in biopsy methods, board-certified pulmonologists (lung doctors), and board-certified thoracic (chest) surgeons who are experts in lung cancer</li> </ul> <h2>What happens if a lung nodule is detected during lung cancer screening?</h2> <p>A low-dose CT scan can detect lung (pulmonary) nodules—small and roundish or oval growths of tissues in the lung that appear white—with great accuracy. However, a low-dose CT scan does not indicate whether the nodule is cancerous or not. Pulmonary nodules are associated with infectious and inflammatory diseases as well as with lung cancer. As discussed earlier, most pulmonary nodules are benign, that is, not cancerous.<sup><a href="#7">7,</a><a href="#17">17</a></sup></p> <p>The first low-dose CT scan is known as the baseline screening. All scans after this, known as follow-up screenings, are compared with the baseline screening to determine whether there is a reason to suspect lung cancer. The patient's medical history, the characteristics of the nodule, and how fast the nodule grows determine follow-up care.</p> <p>Based on whether a lung nodule is detected during the baseline screening, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network® recommends the following:<a href="#7"><sup>7</sup></a></p> <p>If <strong>no nodule</strong> is detected at this screening, the next screening should be in 12 months, with additional follow-ups every 12 months after that. The doctor will determine how many follow-up screenings the patient needs.</p> <p>If <strong>one or more nodules </strong>are detected at the baseline screening, additional tests (including a CT and/or a PET/CT scan to get a clear view of the nodules and what is going on throughout the body) or a follow-up low-dose CT scan sooner than 12 months may be indicated. The type of follow-up recommended—and the timing of follow-up—is based on several factors:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Size: </strong>The larger the nodule, the sooner the follow-up is likely to be. Nodules with a diameter of 5 mm or less are of the least concern.</li> <li><strong>Density:</strong> Density is how solid the nodule is, as determined by how well the X-rays from the LDCT pass through it. As discussed earlier, nodules that are solid and part-solid are of more concern for lung cancer than those that are nonsolid.</li> <li><strong>Location</strong>: Nodules that are located in the upper lobes of the lung are more likely to be cancerous.</li> <li><strong>Rate of growth:</strong> Nodules that grow faster are more likely to be cancerous. The growth rate of a nodule can be calculated by looking at the size of the nodule in follow-up scans.</li> <li><strong>Medical history:</strong> The healthcare team considers the presence of risk factors of lung cancer, including age and family history of lung cancer.</li> </ul> <p>If at baseline or at a follow-up scan, a nodule's characteristics make it of high concern for lung cancer, either a biopsy or surgical removal of the nodule will be done to confirm whether the nodule is cancerous. If the patient does have lung cancer, further tests may be needed to determine the stage.</p> <p>For early-stage patients, treatment will be surgery or SBRT. For advanced-stage patients, treatment will begin, ideally after <span class="qtip-link">comprehensive biomarker testing</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title data-qtip-instance>Analyzing DNA to look for gene mutations that can be treated with targeted therapy drugs and measuring the level of expression of the PD-L1 protein to determine the likelihood of a good response to immunotherapy drugs</span> takes place and a personalized treatment plan is developed.</p> <p>For detailed information about the National Comprehensive Cancer Network® guidelines for baseline and follow-up screenings, refer to <a href="https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/lung_screening-patient.pdf">NCCN® Guidelines for Patients: Lung Cancer Screening</a>.</p> <p>The American College of Radiology has developed a scoring system called Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System® (Lung-RADS®) to standardize how results from CT scans are reported to reduce confusion in lung cancer screening CT interpretations and improve follow-up CT scans and care.<a href="#19"><sup>19</sup></a></p> <p>The higher the score, the higher the probability of the nodule being cancerous and requiring follow-up. Not all low-dose CT scan results are reported in Lung-RADS® at this time.</p> <h2>Latest research in lung cancer screening</h2> <p>Advances in imaging techniques, such as the low-dose CT scan, have improved the chances of finding lung cancer early. Researchers continue to look for other techniques that could help identify lung cancer at an early stage. More sensitive tests that can find evidence of lung cancer in sputum or blood, even before the cancer is seen on a CT scan, are being studied.</p> <p>Research is also being done on whether biomarker testing can identify which patients have a higher risk of lung cancer. There are many <span class="qtip-link">clinical trials</span><span class="qtip-tooltip" data-qtip-title data-qtip-instance>Type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches in screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment work in people</span> underway looking at these approaches to screening as well as others.</p> <p>For detailed information about clinical trials and the potential benefits and risks of participating in one, read about them in <a href="/node/189">Clinical Trials</a>.</p> </div> <p class="note">Updated February 12, 2024</p> <hr> <h2 class="ref-list">References</h2> <ol class="ref-list"> <li><a name="1"></a>SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Lung and Bronchus Cancer. National Cancer Institute website. <a href="http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html">http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html</a>. Updated April 2023. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="2"></a>Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer. American Cancer Society website. <a href="http://www.cancer.org/cancer/screening/american-cancer-society-guidelines-for-the-early-detection-of-cancer.html">www.cancer.org/cancer/screening/american-cancer-society-guidelines-for-the-early-detection-of-cancer.html</a> Revised November 1, 2023. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="3"></a>Lung Cancer Screening. RadiologyInfo.com website. <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=screening-lung">https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=screening-lung</a>. Reviewed November 1, 2022. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="4"></a>Aberle, DR, Adams AM, et al. Reduced Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening. <em>N Engl J Med</em> 2011; 365:395-409. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1102873. <a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1102873#t=article">http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1102873#t=article</a>. Published August 4, 2011. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="5"></a>de Koning JH, van der Aalst CM, de Jong Pa,, et al. Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Volume CT Screening in a Randomized Trial. <em>N Engl J Med</em>. 2020:382(6):503-515. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="6"></a>Lung Cancer Screening. US Preventive Services Task Force website. <a href="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening">www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening</a>. Published March 9, 2021. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="7"></a>NCCN Guidelines for Patients®: Lung Cancer Screening, Version 2.2024. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network® website. <a href="http://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/lung_screening-patient.pdf">www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/lung_screening-patient.pdf</a> Posted October 18, 2023. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="8"></a>Mazzone PJ, Silvestri GA, et al. Screening for Lung Cancer: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. <em>CHEST Journal.</em> November 2021;160(5):E427-E494. journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(21)01307-6/fulltext Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="9"></a>Berg CD: Improving selection of individuals into lung cancer screening programmes. <em>Lancet Oncol. </em>2019:20(8):1039-1040. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="10"></a>Luo YH, Luo L, Wampfler JA, et al. 5-year overall survival in patients with lung cancer eligible or ineligible for screening according to US Preventive Services Task Force criteria: a prospective, observational cohort study. <em>Lancet Oncol.</em> 2019:20(8):1098-1108. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="11"></a>Recommendations: Lung Cancer Screening. US Preventive Services Task Force website. <a href="http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening">www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening</a> March 09, 2021. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="12"></a>Mazzone PJ, Lam L. Evaluating the Patient With a Pulmonary Nodule: A Review. <em>JAMA.</em> 2022;327(3):264–273. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24287. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="13"></a>Pulmonary Nodules. Cleveland Clinic website. my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14799-pulmonary-nodules. Reviewed May 28, 2021. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="14"></a>Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer. National Cancer Institute website. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet">https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet</a>. Reviewed August 14, 2019. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="15"></a>Low-Dose CT Scan for Lung Cancer Screening. Swedish Health Services website. <a href="https://www.swedish.org/services/thoracic-surgery/our-services/lung-cancer-screening-program/low-dose-ct-scan-for-lung-cancer-screening">https://www.swedish.org/services/thoracic-surgery/our-services/lung-cancer-screening-program/low-dose-ct-scan-for-lung-cancer-screening</a>. Published 2022. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="16"></a>National Lung Screening Trials: Questions and Answers. National Cancer Institute website. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research/nlst">https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research/nlst</a>. Updated September 8, 2014. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="17"></a>Terpennings S, Lin CT, White C. Lung Cancer Screening: Pros and Cons. Applied Radiology website. <a href="appliedradiology.com/articles/lung-cancer-screening-pros-and-cons">http://appliedradiology.com/articles/lung-cancer-screening-pros-and-cons</a>. Published July 1, 2015. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="18"></a>CT Lung Cancer Screening: Shared Decision-Making Visit Requirements. American College of Radiology website. <a href="http://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/NOINDEX/Advocacy/CT-LCS-shared-decision-making_fillable.pdf">www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/NOINDEX/Advocacy/CT-LCS-shared-decision-making_fillable.pdf</a>. Published 2019. Accessed February 5, 2024.</li> <li><a name="19"></a>Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System (Lung-RADS). American College of Radiology website. <a href="https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/Lung-Rads">https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/Lung-Rads</a>. Published 2019. 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