CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kuoppo - Vikipedio</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )eowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januaro","februaro","marto","aprilo","majo","junio","julio","aŭgusto","septembro","oktobro","novembro","decembro"],"wgRequestId":"2a9b6e78-a410-4abf-bbf6-a0087238039a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kuoppo","wgTitle":"Kuoppo","wgCurRevisionId":8762678,"wgRevisionId":8762678,"wgArticleId":245251,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Artikoloj kun rompitaj ligiloj","Webarchive template archiveis links","Greka alfabeto"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"eo","wgPageContentLanguage":"eo","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kuoppo","wgRelevantArticleId":245251,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}}, "wgStableRevisionId":8762678,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"eo","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"eo"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q129522","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.niceInfoboxes":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.Rekta-ligilo-al-Komunejo","ext.gadget.DocTabs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=ext.gadget.niceInfoboxes&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/1200px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/800px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/640px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kuoppo - Vikipedio"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuoppo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redakti" href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipedio (eo)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eo.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuoppo"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vikipedio Atom-fonto" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Lastaj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kuoppo rootpage-Kuoppo skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Saltu al enhavo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ĉefa menuo" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ĉefa menuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ĉefa menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-desciption" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do"><span>Ĉefpaĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portalo:Komunumo" title="Pri la projekto, kion vi povas fari, kie vi povas trovi ion"><span>Komunuma portalo</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Diskutejo"><span>Diskutejo</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Aktuala%C4%B5oj" title="Trovi fonajn informojn pri nunaj eventoj"><span>Aktualaĵoj</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Lastaj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de la lastaj ŝanĝoj en la vikio. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Lastaj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Novaj_pa%C4%9Doj"><span>Novaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Hazarda_pa%C4%9Do" title="Iri al hazarda paĝo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Hazarda paĝo</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enhavo" title="La loko por eltrovi"><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-eo.svg" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eo.svg" width="109" height="13" style="width: 6.8125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Ser%C4%89i" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Serĉi tra Vikipedio [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Serĉi</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Serĉi tra Vikipedio" aria-label="Serĉi tra Vikipedio" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Serĉi tra Vikipedio [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specialaĵo:Serĉi"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Serĉi</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personaj iloj"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspekto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspekto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eo.wikipedia.org&uselang=eo" class=""><span>Donaci</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&returnto=Kuoppo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga" class=""><span>Krei konton</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Kuoppo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ensaluti</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Pliaj agordoj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personaj iloj" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personaj iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menuo de uzanto" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eo.wikipedia.org&uselang=eo"><span>Donaci</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&returnto=Kuoppo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krei konton</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Kuoppo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referencoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksteraj_ligiloj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksteraj ligiloj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuoppo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 62 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — svisgermana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svisgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_(%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81)" title="قوبا (حرف) — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوبا (حرف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Копа (літара) — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Копа (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Копа (грэцкая літара) — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Копа (грэцкая літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Копа — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Копа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa_(lizherenn)" title="Qoppa (lizherenn) — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Qoppa (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa" title="Qoppa — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Qoppa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%86%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="قۆپا — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قۆپا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa" title="Qoppa — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Qoppa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%80%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Κόππα — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόππα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter) — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Koppa (letter)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa_(t%C3%A4ht)" title="Kopa (täht) — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kopa (täht)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa" title="Copa — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Copa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="قوپا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa" title="Qoppa — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Qoppa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa" title="Qoppa — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Qoppa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%90" title="קופא — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קופא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa" title="Kopa — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kopa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa" title="Kopa — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kopa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa" title="Qoppa — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qoppa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa" title="Kopa — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kopa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Важ коппа — komia" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Важ коппа" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84)" title="Коппа (гьарф) — lezga" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Коппа (гьарф)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa_(raid%C4%97)" title="Kopa (raidė) — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kopa (raidė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa_(burts)" title="Kopa (burts) — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kopa (burts)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE" title="कोपा — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोपा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa" title="Qoppa — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Qoppa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa" title="Qoppa — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Qoppa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoppa" title="Qoppa — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Qoppa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa_(liter%C4%83)" title="Koppa (literă) — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Koppa (literă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Коппа (буква греческого алфавита) — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коппа (буква греческого алфавита)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa" title="Kopa — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kopa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa_(Greek_letter)" title="Koppa (Greek letter) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Koppa (Greek letter)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa_(gr%C3%A9cke_p%C3%ADsmeno)" title="Koppa (grécke písmeno) — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koppa (grécke písmeno)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa" title="Koppa — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Koppa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="คอปปา — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอปปา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa" title="Kopa — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kopa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Коппа (літера) — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коппа (літера)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa_(ch%E1%BB%AF_c%C3%A1i)" title="Koppa (chữ cái) — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Koppa (chữ cái)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppa_(agi)" title="Koppa (agi) — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Koppa (agi)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%98" title="Ϙ — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Ϙ" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q129522#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuoppo" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuto:Kuoppo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo (paĝo ne ekzistas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝanĝi lingvan varianton" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Esperanto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vidoj"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuoppo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=history" title="Antaŭaj versioj de ĉi tiu paĝo. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Iloj" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Iloj</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Pliaj opcioj" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuoppo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=history"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ĝenerale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Kuoppo" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Kuoppo" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&oldid=8762678" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=Kuoppo&id=8762678&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKuoppo"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKuoppo"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kuoppo"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kuoppo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Koppa_(letter)" hreflang="en"><span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q129522" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" width="180px"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Qoppa_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/150px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/225px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/300px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#ccccff" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greka_alfabeto#La_moderna_alfabeto" title="Greka alfabeto">Greka alfabeto</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td width="50%"><a href="/wiki/Alfo" title="Alfo"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Αα</span> Alfo</a> </td> <td width="50%"><a href="/wiki/Nuo_(litero)" title="Nuo (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Νν</span> Nuo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Beto_(litero)" title="Beto (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ββ</span> Beto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ksio" title="Ksio"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ξξ</span> Ksio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamo_(litero)" title="Gamo (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Γγ</span> Gamo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omikrono" title="Omikrono"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Οο</span> Omikrono</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delto_(litero)" title="Delto (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Δδ</span> Delto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pio_(litero)" title="Pio (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ππ</span> Pio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Epsilono" title="Epsilono"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Εε</span> Epsilono</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roto_(litero)" title="Roto (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ρρ</span> Roto</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Zeto" title="Zeto"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ζζ</span> Zeto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigmo" title="Sigmo"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Σσς</span> Sigmo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Eto_(litero)" title="Eto (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ηη</span> Eto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%ADo_(litero)" title="Taŭo (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ττ</span> Taŭo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Teto" title="Teto"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Θθ</span> Teto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upsilono" title="Upsilono"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Υυ</span> Upsilono</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Joto" title="Joto"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ιι</span> Joto</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fio_(litero)" title="Fio (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Φφ</span> Fio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kapo_(litero)" title="Kapo (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Κκ</span> Kapo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%A4io_(litero)" title="Ĥio (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Χχ</span> Ĥio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lambdo" title="Lambdo"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Λλ</span> Lambdo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psio_(litero)" title="Psio (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ψψ</span> Psio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Muo_(litero)" title="Muo (litero)"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Μμ</span> Muo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omego" title="Omego"> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ωω</span> Omego</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <th bgcolor="#ccccff" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greka_alfabeto#La_malaktualaj_literoj" title="Greka alfabeto">Iamaj literoj</a><sup>1,2</sup> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Digamma_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Digamma_uc_lc.svg/25px-Digamma_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Digamma_uc_lc.svg/38px-Digamma_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Digamma_uc_lc.svg/50px-Digamma_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Digamo" title="Digamo">Digamo</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:San_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/San_uc_lc.svg/25px-San_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/San_uc_lc.svg/38px-San_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/San_uc_lc.svg/50px-San_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sano_(litero)" title="Sano (litero)">Sano</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Stigma_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stigma_uc_lc.svg/25px-Stigma_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stigma_uc_lc.svg/38px-Stigma_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stigma_uc_lc.svg/50px-Stigma_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Stigmo_(litero)" title="Stigmo (litero)">Stigmo</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Qoppa_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/25px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/38px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg/50px-Qoppa_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kuoppo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Heta_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Heta_uc_lc.svg/25px-Heta_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Heta_uc_lc.svg/38px-Heta_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Heta_uc_lc.svg/50px-Heta_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Heto" title="Heto">Heto</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Sampi_uc_lc_T-shaped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sampi_uc_lc_T-shaped.svg/25px-Sampi_uc_lc_T-shaped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sampi_uc_lc_T-shaped.svg/38px-Sampi_uc_lc_T-shaped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Sampi_uc_lc_T-shaped.svg/50px-Sampi_uc_lc_T-shaped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sampio" title="Sampio">Sampio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Sho_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sho_uc_lc.svg/25px-Sho_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sho_uc_lc.svg/38px-Sho_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sho_uc_lc.svg/50px-Sho_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Co_(litero)" title="Ŝo (litero)">Ŝo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><small><sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Greka_alfabeto#Referencoj" title="Greka alfabeto">Referencoj</a><br /><sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Greka_alfabeto#Eksteraj_ligiloj" title="Greka alfabeto">Eksteraj ligiloj</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kuoppo</b> aŭ <b>koppa</b> (<b>Ϙ</b>) estas arkaika litero kiu estis uzata en fruaj formoj de la <a href="/wiki/Greka_alfabeto" title="Greka alfabeto">greka alfabeto</a>, derivita de <a href="/wiki/Fenica_alfabeto" title="Fenica alfabeto">fenica</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qoph (paĝo ne ekzistas)">qoph</a>. En la fenica, qoph estis prononcata kiel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senvo%C4%89a_uvula_halto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senvoĉa uvula halto (paĝo ne ekzistas)">senvoĉa uvula halto</a> <a href="/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto"><span title="Ĉi tiu estas transskribo laŭ internacia fonetika alfabeto" class="IPA">[q]</span></a>; en la greka, kiu ne havis ĉi tiun sonon, ĝi estis anstataŭe uzita por <a href="/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto"><span title="Ĉi tiu estas transskribo laŭ internacia fonetika alfabeto" class="IPA">[k]</span></a> antaŭ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsa_vokalo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorsa vokalo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">dorsaj vokaloj</a> (<a href="/wiki/%CE%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ο">Ο</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Υ">Υ</a>). Ĉar la sono <a href="/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto"><span title="Ĉi tiu estas transskribo laŭ internacia fonetika alfabeto" class="IPA">/k/</span></a> tiam superflue havis du skribojn, kuoppa estis eble anstataŭigita per <a href="/wiki/Kapo" title="Kapo">kapo</a> (Κ). Kuoppa restis en uzo kiel litero en iuj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senserifa_greka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senserifa greka (paĝo ne ekzistas)">senserifaj grekaj</a> regionoj en la <a href="/wiki/5-a_jarcento_a.K." title="5-a jarcento a.K.">5-a jarcento a.K.</a> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Qoppa_new_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qoppa_new_uc_lc.svg/100px-Qoppa_new_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qoppa_new_uc_lc.svg/150px-Qoppa_new_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Qoppa_new_uc_lc.svg/200px-Qoppa_new_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>La moderna litero kuoppo</figcaption></figure> <p>Simile al ĉiuj Literoj grekaj, kuoppa estis ankaŭ uzata kiel <a href="/wiki/Greka_numeralo" class="mw-redirect" title="Greka numeralo">greka numeralo</a>, kaj havis la valoron <a href="/wiki/Na%C5%ADdek" class="mw-redirect" title="Naŭdek">90</a>. Ĝia uzo por ĉi tio estas daŭrigat en modernaj tempoj kvankam ĝia formo ŝanĝis dum tempo de <i>Q</i>-eca al <i>Z</i>-eca (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Greek_qoppa_numeric_form.png" class="mw-file-description" title="enlinia"><img alt="enlinia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Greek_qoppa_numeric_form.png/30px-Greek_qoppa_numeric_form.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Greek_qoppa_numeric_form.png/45px-Greek_qoppa_numeric_form.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Greek_qoppa_numeric_form.png/60px-Greek_qoppa_numeric_form.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="253" /></a></span>) </p><p>Kuoppa estis uzata kiel simbolo por urba <a href="/wiki/Korinto" title="Korinto">Korinto</a>, kiu havis la frua literumon kiel Ϙόρινθος. Kuoppa estas ankaŭ la fonto de la <a href="/wiki/Latina_alfabeto" title="Latina alfabeto">latina</a> litero <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> kaj la arkaika <a href="/wiki/Cirila_alfabeto" title="Cirila alfabeto">cirila</a> numeralo <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(cirila_alfabeto)" title="Koppa (cirila alfabeto)">koppa</a> (Ҁ). </p><p>En la <a href="/wiki/Unikodo" title="Unikodo">Unikodo</a> estas du paroj de kodoj por prezenti literon kuoppa: majuskla U+03D8 (Ϙ) kaj minuskla U+03D9 (ϙ) por prezenti la <i>Q</i>-ecan literon, kaj U+03DE/U+03DF (Ϟϟ), por la <i>Z</i>-ecaj nombraj signoj. Notu, ke komputilaj tiparoj uzataj en foliumiloj povas montri ĉi tiuj kodojn malsame. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Ravel_1008.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg/300px-Ravel_1008.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg/450px-Ravel_1008.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Ravel_1008.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>Korinta monero. Vizaĝa flanko: <a href="/wiki/Pegazo_(mitologio)" title="Pegazo (mitologio)">Pegazo</a> kun kuoppa sube, por Korinto. Dorsflanko: <a href="/wiki/Atena" title="Atena">Atena</a> kun korinta kasko.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qoph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qoph (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Qoph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(cirila_alfabeto)" title="Koppa (cirila alfabeto)">Koppa (cirila alfabeto)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referencoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=rXYDQwehOVMC&pg=PA196&dq=Qoppa+doric&sig=Cjfw5dMFqib_ZkiWcuqWRXXUlCw">Greka skribo de Knossos al Homero</a> de Roger D. Woodard</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Eksteraj ligiloj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Koppa_(letter)?uselang=eo">Kategorio Kuoppo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span> </li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/nonattic.html#koppa">Greka Unikodo: koppa (alfabeta uzo)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120628161421/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/nonattic.html#koppa">Arkivigite je</a> 2012-06-28 per <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/numerals.html#koppa">Greka Unikodo: koppa (nombra uzo)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120805203248/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/numerals.html#koppa">Arkivigite je</a> 2012-08-05 per <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=eZĜGR-S_BQC&pg=PA41&dq=Qoppa&sig=FicFG1Ah7OgO1d-4q3BUPNxHYTE">Homero kaj la fonto de la greka alfabeto</a><span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="color:red;">[<i>rompita ligilo</i>]</sup> de Barry B. Powell</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=gTJnU8O-fs0C&pg=PA21&dq=Qoppa&sig=jQHCdr8S0nlfyKwRHkF0yZdoXTs">La gramatiko de subtegmentaj surskriboj</a> de Leslie Threatte</li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&oldid=8762678">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&oldid=8762678</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kategorioj" title="Specialaĵo:Kategorioj">Kategorioj</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Kategorio:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Greka_alfabeto" title="Kategorio:Greka alfabeto">Greka alfabeto</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kaŝita kategorio: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Artikoloj_kun_rompitaj_ligiloj" title="Kategorio:Artikoloj kun rompitaj ligiloj">Artikoloj kun rompitaj ligiloj</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 15:52, 3 jun. 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 4.0 Neadaptita</a>; eble aldonaj kondiĉoj aplikeblas. Vidu la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">uzkondiĉojn</a> por detaloj.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Regularo pri respekto de la privateco</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Enkonduko">Pri Vikipedio</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Malgarantio">Malgarantioj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programistoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/eo.wikipedia.org">Statistikoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Deklaro pri kuketoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//eo.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuoppo&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Poŝtelefona vido</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jfl4j","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.086","walltime":"0.173","ppvisitednodes":{"value":819,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":11003,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":913,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":510,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 126.480 1 -total"," 62.99% 79.671 1 Ŝablono:Projektoj"," 13.34% 16.878 2 Ŝablono:Webarchiv"," 13.03% 16.476 1 Ŝablono:Grekaj_literoj"," 8.82% 11.157 24 Ŝablono:Polytonic"," 5.06% 6.394 24 Ŝablono:Lang"," 3.72% 4.709 1 Ŝablono:404"," 2.87% 3.635 1 Ŝablono:Referencoj"," 2.48% 3.142 3 Ŝablono:IFA"," 1.77% 2.236 1 Ŝablono:Evidentigo"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.014","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1479437,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7f58d5dcf5-xpqnf","timestamp":"20241111060011","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kuoppo","url":"https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuoppo","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q129522","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q129522","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-05-19T20:01:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bd\/Qoppa_uc_lc.svg","headline":"arkaika greka litero"}</script> </body> </html>