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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ed_Broadbent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Ed Broadbent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ed_Broadbent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audrey_McLaughlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audrey_McLaughlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Audrey McLaughlin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audrey_McLaughlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alexa_McDonough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alexa_McDonough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Alexa McDonough</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alexa_McDonough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jack_Layton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jack_Layton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Jack Layton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jack_Layton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tom_Mulcair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tom_Mulcair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Tom Mulcair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tom_Mulcair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jagmeet_Singh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jagmeet_Singh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Jagmeet Singh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jagmeet_Singh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology,_position_and_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology,_position_and_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology, position and policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology,_position_and_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology, position and policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology,_position_and_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideological_orientation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideological_orientation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ideological orientation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideological_orientation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Electoral achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_and_territorial_wings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_and_territorial_wings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Provincial and territorial wings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_and_territorial_wings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Federal leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_party_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_party_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Federal party presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_party_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Election results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Results_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Results timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Logos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New Democratic Party</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Kanada)" title="New Democratic Party (Kanada) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="New Democratic Party (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="الحزب الديمقراطي الجديد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحزب الديمقراطي الجديد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Нова демократическа партия (Канада) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова демократическа партия (Канада)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nou_Partit_Democr%C3%A0tic_(Canad%C3%A0)" title="Nou Partit Democràtic (Canadà) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nou Partit Democràtic (Canadà)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_demokratick%C3%A1_strana" title="Nová demokratická strana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nová demokratická strana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaid_Ddemocrataidd_Newydd" title="Plaid Ddemocrataidd Newydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plaid Ddemocrataidd Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New Democratic Party" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_Demokratische_Partei" title="Neue Demokratische Partei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neue Demokratische Partei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BF_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_(%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%82)" title="Νέο Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (Καναδάς) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέο Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (Καναδάς)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_Partido_Democr%C3%A1tico" title="Nuevo Partido Democrático – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nuevo Partido Democrático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-Demokratia_Partio_(Kanado)" title="Nov-Demokratia Partio (Kanado) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nov-Demokratia Partio (Kanado)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="حزب دموکراتیک جدید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب دموکراتیک جدید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_Parti_d%C3%A9mocratique" title="Nouveau Parti démocratique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouveau Parti démocratique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_Partido_Democr%C3%A1tico_(Canad%C3%A1)" title="Novo Partido Democrático (Canadá) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Novo Partido Democrático (Canadá)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9" title="신민주당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신민주당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_demokratska_stranka_(Kanada)" title="Nova demokratska stranka (Kanada) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nova demokratska stranka (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Demokrat_Baru" title="Partai Demokrat Baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Demokrat Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDi_dem%C3%B3krataflokkurinn" title="Nýi demókrataflokkurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nýi demókrataflokkurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuovo_Partito_Democratico" title="Nuovo Partito Democratico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuovo Partito Democratico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94_(%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94)" title="המפלגה הדמוקרטית החדשה (קנדה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפלגה הדמוקרטית החדשה (קנדה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жаңа демократиялық партия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа демократиялық партия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Factio_Democratica" title="Nova Factio Democratica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nova Factio Democratica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanados_naujosios_demokratijos_partija" title="Kanados naujosios demokratijos partija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kanados naujosios demokratijos partija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="الحزب الديموقراطى الجديد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحزب الديموقراطى الجديد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Demokratik_Baru_Kanada" title="Parti Demokratik Baru Kanada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Demokratik Baru Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party of Canada – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New Democratic Party of Canada" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="新民主党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="新民主党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New Democratic Party" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="New Democratic Party" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Partia_Demokratyczna" title="Nowa Partia Demokratyczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowa Partia Demokratyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_Partido_Democr%C3%A1tico" title="Novo Partido Democrático – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novo Partido Democrático" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noul_Partid_Democrat" title="Noul Partid Democrat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noul Partid Democrat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Новая демократическая партия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая демократическая партия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New Democratic Party" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Нова демократска странка (Канада) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова демократска странка (Канада)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_demokratska_stranka_(Kanada)" title="Nova demokratska stranka (Kanada) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nova demokratska stranka (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusi_demokraattinen_puolue_(Kanada)" title="Uusi demokraattinen puolue (Kanada) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uusi demokraattinen puolue (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nya_demokratiska_partiet_(Kanada)" title="Nya demokratiska partiet (Kanada) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nya demokratiska partiet (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="கனடா புதிய ஜனநாயகக் கட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனடா புதிய ஜனநாயகக் கட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2)" title="พรรคประชาธิปไตยใหม่ (ประเทศแคนาดา) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคประชาธิปไตยใหม่ (ประเทศแคนาดา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_Demokratik_Parti_(Kanada)" title="Yeni Demokratik Parti (Kanada) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni Demokratik Parti (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Нова демократична партія Канади – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова демократична партія Канади" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8" title="加拿大新民主黨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加拿大新民主黨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7)" title="新民主党 (加拿大) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新民主党 (加拿大)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party (Canada)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal political party in Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the federal political party in Canada. For other political parties with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="New Democratic Party (disambiguation)">New Democratic Party (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #F4A460; border-bottom:2px solid #F4A460; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">New Democratic Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="fr"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Nouveau Parti démocratique</i></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orange_NDP_logo_English.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Orange_NDP_logo_English.svg/200px-Orange_NDP_logo_English.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Orange_NDP_logo_English.svg/300px-Orange_NDP_logo_English.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Orange_NDP_logo_English.svg/400px-Orange_NDP_logo_English.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">NDP<br /><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">NPD</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shortall" title="Mary Shortall">Mary Shortall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National director</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Lucy Watson<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Boulerice" title="Alexandre Boulerice">Alexandre Boulerice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">House leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Julian" title="Peter Julian">Peter Julian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">August 3, 1961<span class="noprint"> (63 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1961-08-03</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Vansun19610803_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vansun19610803-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Canada)" title="New Party (Canada)">New Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Young_New_Democrats" title="Canada's Young New Democrats">Canada's Young New Democrats</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2017)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 124,620<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (June 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li><li><b>Faction:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cooperativism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperativism">Co-operativism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a> to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a><br /><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Talk:New_Democratic_Party#Political_position_revisited" title="Talk:New Democratic Party"><span title="Talk:New Democratic Party#Political position revisited">under discussion</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a><sup id="cite_ref-PAlliance_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAlliance-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Union affiliate</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F4A460; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Orange</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 105</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 338</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">Provincial and territorial premiers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 13</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_assemblies_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories" title="Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories">Provincial and territorial<br />legislative assemblies</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">180 / 772</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndp.ca">ndp<wbr />.ca</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130765#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #F4A460;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>New Democratic Party</b> (<b>NDP</b>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Nouveau Parti démocratique</i>; <b><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">NPD</i></span></b>) is a federal <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">political party in Canada</a>. Widely described as <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democratic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-google176_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google176-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the party sits at the <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Canadian political spectrum</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Talk:New_Democratic_Party#Political_position_revisited" title="Talk:New Democratic Party"><span title="Talk:New Democratic Party#Political position revisited">under discussion</span></a></i>]</sup> with the party generally sitting to the left of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was founded in 1961 by the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> (CCF) and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a> (CLC).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The federal and provincial (or territorial) level NDPs are more integrated than other political parties in Canada, and have shared membership (except for the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Quebec" title="New Democratic Party of Quebec">New Democratic Party of Quebec</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Guinjoan2014_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guinjoan2014-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NDP has never won the largest share of seats at the federal level and thus has never formed government. From 2011 to 2015, it formed the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a>; apart from this, it has been the third or fourth-largest party in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>. However, the party has held the <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(parliament)" title="Balance of power (parliament)">balance of power</a>, and with it considerable influence, during periods of Liberal <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority governments</a>. Sub-national branches of the NDP have formed the government in six provinces (<a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>) and the territory of <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a>. The NDP supports a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a>, broader <a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">welfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">international peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environmental</a> stewardship, and expanding <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Canada's universal healthcare system</a> to include dental care, mental health care, eye and hearing care, infertility procedures, and prescription drugs. </p><p>Since <a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">2017</a>, the NDP has been led by <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a>, who is the first <a href="/wiki/Visible_minority" title="Visible minority">visible minority</a> to lead a major federal party in Canada on a permanent basis. Following the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 Canadian federal election</a>, it is the fourth-largest party in the House of Commons, with 24 seats. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_Democratic_Party" title="History of the New Democratic Party">History of the New Democratic Party</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg/200px-TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg/300px-TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg/400px-TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a>, leader of the NDP from 1961 to 1971</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Origins_and_early_history">Origins and early history</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins and early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1961_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 New Democratic Party leadership election">1961 New Democratic Party leadership election</a></div> <p>In 1956, after the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a> (CLC) by a merger of two previous labour congresses, negotiations began between the CLC and the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> (CCF) to bring about an alliance between <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">organized labour</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">political left</a> in Canada. In 1958 a joint CCF-CLC committee, the National Committee for the New Party (NCNP), was formed to create a new social democratic political party, with ten members from each group. The NCNP spent the next three years laying down the foundations of the <a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Canada)" title="New Party (Canada)">New Party</a>, the party's interim name pending a national convention. During this process, a large number of New Party Clubs were established to allow like-minded Canadians to join in its founding, and six representatives from New Party Clubs were added to the National Committee. In 1961, at the end of a five-day long founding convention which established its principles, policies and structures, the New Democratic Party was born, and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a>, the long-time CCF <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">Premier of Saskatchewan</a>, was elected as its first leader.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="David_Lewis">David Lewis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: David Lewis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/1971_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1971 New Democratic Party leadership election">1971 leadership convention</a>, an activist group called <a href="/wiki/The_Waffle" title="The Waffle">the Waffle</a> tried to take control of the party but was defeated by <a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a> with the help of the union members. The following year, most of The Waffle split from the NDP and formed their own party. The NDP itself supported the minority government formed by the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>–led Liberals from 1972 to 1974, although the two parties never entered into a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition</a>. Together, they succeeded in passing several socially progressive initiatives into law such as pension indexing and the creation of the crown corporation <a href="/wiki/Petro-Canada" title="Petro-Canada">Petro-Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, the NDP worked with the Progressive Conservatives to pass a motion of non-confidence, forcing an <a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">election</a>. However, it backfired as Trudeau's Liberals regained a majority government, mostly at the expense of the NDP, which lost half its seats. Lewis lost his own riding and resigned as leader the following year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ed_Broadbent">Ed Broadbent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ed Broadbent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Ed_Broadbent" title="Ed Broadbent">Ed Broadbent</a> (1975–1989) the NDP attempted to find a more populist image to contrast with the governing parties, focusing on more pocketbook issues than on ideological fervour. The party played a critical role during <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a>'s minority government of 1979–1980, moving the <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_No_Confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion of No Confidence">non-confidence motion</a> on <a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">John Crosbie</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_budget" title="1979 Canadian federal budget">1979 budget</a> that brought down the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> government and forced the <a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980 election</a> that brought the Liberal Party back to power. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984 election</a>, which saw the Progressive Conservatives under <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a> win the most seats in Canadian history, the NDP won 30 seats, while the governing Liberals fell to 40 seats.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The NDP set a then-record of 43 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">members of parliament</a> (MPs) elected to the house in the <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">election of 1988</a>. The Liberals, however, had reaped most of the benefits of opposing the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement">Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement</a> to emerge as the dominant alternative to the ruling PC government. In 1989, Broadbent stepped down after 14 years as federal leader of the NDP.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Audrey_McLaughlin">Audrey McLaughlin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Audrey McLaughlin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_leadership_elections" title="New Democratic Party leadership elections">party's leadership convention</a> in 1989, former <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_premiers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British Columbia premiers">BC Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Barrett" title="Dave Barrett">Dave Barrett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> <a href="/wiki/Audrey_McLaughlin" title="Audrey McLaughlin">Audrey McLaughlin</a> were the main contenders for the leadership. During the campaign, Barrett argued that the party should be concerned with <a href="/wiki/Western_Alienation" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Alienation">western alienation</a>, rather than focusing its attention on <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. The Quebec wing of the NDP strongly opposed Barrett's candidacy, with <a href="/wiki/Phil_Edmonston" title="Phil Edmonston">Phil Edmonston</a>, the party's main spokesman in Quebec, threatening to resign from the party if Barrett won.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McLaughlin ran on a more traditional approach, and became the first woman to lead a major federal political party in Canada.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although enjoying strong support among organized labour and rural voters in the Prairies, McLaughlin tried to expand their support into Quebec without much success. Under McLaughlin, the party did manage to win an election in Quebec for the first time when Edmonston won the <a href="/wiki/1990_Chambly_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Chambly by-election">1990 Chambly by-election</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>McLaughlin and the NDP were routed in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 election</a>, where the party won only nine seats, three seats short of <a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">official party status</a> in the House of Commons. This was, and remains, the NDP's lowest seat total in any election since the party's founding in 1961; the election also resulted in the lowest-ever total number of votes received by the NDP in a federal election. The loss was blamed on the unpopularity of NDP provincial governments under <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a> in Ontario and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harcourt" title="Mike Harcourt">Mike Harcourt</a> in British Columbia and the loss of a significant portion of the Western vote to the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a>, which promised a more decentralized and democratic federation along with right-wing economic reforms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alexa_McDonough">Alexa McDonough</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alexa McDonough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McLaughlin resigned in 1995 and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Alexa_McDonough" title="Alexa McDonough">Alexa McDonough</a>, the former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_New_Democratic_Party" title="Nova Scotia New Democratic Party">Nova Scotia NDP</a>. In contrast to traditional Canadian practice, where an MP for a safe seat stands down to allow a newly elected leader a chance to enter Parliament via a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a>, McDonough opted to wait until the next election to enter Parliament.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The party recovered somewhat in <a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">the 1997 election</a>, electing 21 members. The NDP made a breakthrough in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>, a region where they had been practically nonexistent at the federal level. Before 1997, they had won only three seats in Atlantic Canada. However, in 1997 they won eight seats in that region. The party was able to harness the discontent of voters in Atlantic Canada, who were upset over cuts to <a href="/wiki/Employment_insurance_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Employment insurance (Canada)">employment insurance</a> and other social programs implemented by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a>'s Liberal majority government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the November <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 election</a>, the NDP campaigned primarily on the issue of Medicare but lost significant support. The governing Liberals ran an effective campaign on their economic record and managed to recapture some of the Atlantic ridings lost to the NDP in the 1997 election. The initial high electoral prospects of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> under new leader <a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a> also hurt the NDP as many supporters strategically voted Liberal to keep the Alliance from winning. The NDP finished with 13 MPs—just barely over the threshold for official party status.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> McDonough announced her resignation as party leader for family reasons in June 2002 (effective upon her successor's election).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Layton_winnipeg_rally.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Layton_winnipeg_rally.JPG/180px-Layton_winnipeg_rally.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Layton_winnipeg_rally.JPG/270px-Layton_winnipeg_rally.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Layton_winnipeg_rally.JPG/360px-Layton_winnipeg_rally.JPG 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>Jack Layton was the first leader of the NDP to become <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jack_Layton">Jack Layton</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jack Layton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Toronto city councillor and recent President of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Canadian_Municipalities" title="Federation of Canadian Municipalities">Federation of Canadian Municipalities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> was elected at the party's <a href="/wiki/2003_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 New Democratic Party leadership election">leadership election</a> in Toronto on January 25, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 election</a> produced mixed results for the NDP. It increased its total vote by more than a million votes; however, despite Layton's optimistic predictions of reaching 40 seats, the NDP only gained five seats in the election, for a total of 19. The party was disappointed to see its two <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> incumbents defeated in close races by the new <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> (created by merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties), perhaps because of the unpopularity of the NDP provincial government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Liberals were re-elected, though this time as a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>. Combined, the Liberals and NDP had 154 seats – one short of the total needed for the balance of power. As has been the case with Liberal minorities in the past, the NDP were in a position to make gains on the party's priorities, such as fighting health care <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a>, fulfilling Canada's obligation to the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">electoral reform</a>. The party used Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a>'s politically precarious position caused by the <a href="/wiki/Sponsorship_scandal" title="Sponsorship scandal">sponsorship scandal</a> to force investment in multiple federal programs, agreeing not to help topple the government provided that some major concessions in the federal budget were ceded to.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On November 9, 2005, after the findings of the <a href="/wiki/Gomery_Inquiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomery Inquiry">Gomery Inquiry</a> were released, Layton notified the Liberal government that continued NDP support would require a ban on private healthcare. When the Liberals refused, Layton announced that he would introduce a motion on November 24 that would ask Martin to call a federal election in February to allow for several pieces of legislation to be passed. The Liberals turned down this offer. On November 28, 2005, Conservative leader <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>'s motion of no confidence was seconded by Layton and it was passed by all three opposition parties, forcing an election.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">election</a>, the NDP won 29 seats, a significant increase of 10 seats from the 19 won in 2004. It was the fourth-best performance in party history, approaching the level of popular support enjoyed in the 1980s. The NDP kept all of the 18 seats it held at the dissolution of Parliament. While the party gained no seats in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, or the Prairie provinces, it gained five seats in British Columbia, five more in Ontario and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Arctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Arctic">Western Arctic</a> riding of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Conservatives won a minority government in the 2006 election, and initially the NDP was the only party that would not be able to pass legislation with the Conservatives. However, following a series of <a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_floor" title="Crossing the floor">floor crossings</a>, the NDP also came to hold the balance of power. The NDP voted against the government in all four confidence votes in the 39th parliament, the only party to do so. However, it worked with the Conservatives on other issues, including in passing the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Accountability_Act" title="Federal Accountability Act">Federal Accountability Act</a> and pushing for changes to the <a href="/wiki/Air_quality_law" title="Air quality law">Clean Air Act</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following that election, the NDP caucus rose to 30 members with the victory of NDP candidate <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mulcair" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mulcair">Thomas Mulcair</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2007_Outremont_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Outremont by-election">by-election in Outremont</a>. This marked the second time ever (and first time in seventeen years) that the NDP won a riding in Quebec. The party won 37 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 federal election</a>, the best performance since the 1988 total of 43. This included a breakthrough in the riding of <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Strathcona_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Strathcona (federal electoral district)">Edmonton-Strathcona</a>, only the second time the NDP had managed to win a seat in Alberta in the party's history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal election</a>, the NDP won a record 103 seats, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a> for the first time in the party's history. The party had a historic breakthrough in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, where they won 59 out of 75 seats, dominating <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and sweeping <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Outaouais" title="Outaouais">Outaouais</a>. This meant that a majority of the party's MPs now came from a province where they had only ever had two candidates elected in the party's history. The NDP's success in Quebec was mirrored by the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a>, which lost all but four of its 47 seats, and the collapse of the Liberal Party nationally, which was cut down to just 34 seats, its worst-ever result. This also marked the first time in history where the Liberal Party was neither the government nor the Official Opposition, as the NDP had taken over the latter role. The NDP was now the second largest party in the House of Commons opposing a Conservative majority government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In July 2011, Layton announced that he was suffering from a new cancer and would take a leave of absence, projected to last until the resumption of Parliament in September. He would retain his position of NDP Leader and Leader of the Opposition. The party confirmed his suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Hull%E2%80%94Aylmer" title="Hull—Aylmer">Hull—Aylmer</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Nycole_Turmel" title="Nycole Turmel">Nycole Turmel</a> to carry out the functions of party leader in his absence. Layton <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jack_Layton" title="Death and state funeral of Jack Layton">died</a> from his cancer on August 22, 2011.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tom_Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tom Mulcair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom-Mulcair-Rally-For-Change-Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tom-Mulcair-Rally-For-Change-Crop.jpg/180px-Tom-Mulcair-Rally-For-Change-Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Tom-Mulcair-Rally-For-Change-Crop.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_federal_election,_2015_results_by_riding_-_New_Democratic_Party_strength.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_New_Democratic_Party_strength.svg/220px-Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_New_Democratic_Party_strength.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_New_Democratic_Party_strength.svg/330px-Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_New_Democratic_Party_strength.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_New_Democratic_Party_strength.svg/440px-Canadian_federal_election%2C_2015_results_by_riding_-_New_Democratic_Party_strength.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3254" data-file-height="2768" /></a><figcaption>Results of the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a> showing support for New Democratic candidates by riding</figcaption></figure> <p>In his final letter, Layton called for a <a href="/wiki/2012_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 New Democratic Party leadership election">leadership election to be held in early 2012</a> to choose his successor,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was held on March 24, 2012, and elected new leader <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mulcair" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite early campaign polls which showed the NDP in first place, the party lost 59 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 election</a> and fell back to third place in Parliament. By winning 44 seats, Mulcair was able to secure the second best showing in the party's history, winning one more seat than Ed Broadbent managed in the 1988 election, but with a smaller share of the popular vote.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Observer_Mulcair_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Observer_Mulcair-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NDP seat gains in Saskatchewan and British Columbia were offset by numerical losses in almost every other region, while in Alberta and Manitoba the party maintained its existing seat counts. The party was locked out of Atlantic Canada and the Territories, and lost over half of its seats in Ontario, including all of its seats in Toronto. In Quebec, the NDP lost seats to all three of the other major parties, namely the Liberals, Conservatives, and Bloc Québécois, though it managed to place second in both vote share (25.4%) and seats (16) behind the Liberals in the province. The election resulted in a Liberal majority government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mulcair's leadership faced criticism following the election, culminating in his losing a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a> vote held at the NDP's policy convention in <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> on April 10, 2016. This marked the first time in Canadian federal politics that a leader was defeated in a confidence vote.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, his successor was to be chosen at a <a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">leadership election</a> to be held no later than October 2017, with Mulcair agreeing to remain as leader until then.<sup id="cite_ref-interim_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interim-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jagmeet_Singh">Jagmeet Singh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jagmeet Singh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagmeet_Singh_2018_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jagmeet_Singh_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/180px-Jagmeet_Singh_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jagmeet_Singh_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/270px-Jagmeet_Singh_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Jagmeet_Singh_2018_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On October 1, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a>, the first person of a <a href="/wiki/Visible_minority" title="Visible minority">visible minority</a> group to lead a major Canadian federal political party on a permanent basis, won the leadership vote to head the NDP on the first ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 federal election</a>, the NDP won only 24 seats in its worst result since 2004, shedding 15 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Boulerice" title="Alexandre Boulerice">Alexandre Boulerice</a>, who was elected to his third term in <a href="/wiki/Rosemont%E2%80%94La_Petite-Patrie_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie (federal electoral district)">Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie</a>, was the only NDP candidate to win a seat in Quebec,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the party lost all three of its Saskatchewan ridings (<a href="/wiki/Desneth%C3%A9%E2%80%94Missinippi%E2%80%94Churchill_River" title="Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River">Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regina%E2%80%94Lewvan" title="Regina—Lewvan">Regina—Lewvan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_West" title="Saskatoon West">Saskatoon West</a>) to the Conservatives.<sup id="cite_ref-consweep2019_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consweep2019-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party remained shut out of Toronto<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lost two of its MPs (<a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Hardcastle" title="Cheryl Hardcastle">Cheryl Hardcastle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Windsor%E2%80%94Tecumseh_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Windsor—Tecumseh (federal electoral district)">Windsor—Tecumseh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tracey_Ramsey" title="Tracey Ramsey">Tracey Ramsey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Essex_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Essex (federal electoral district)">Essex</a>) in the rest of Ontario,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while making small or no gains in the popular vote in Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, Alberta and Nunavut. In British Columbia, the NDP lost three seats (<a href="/wiki/Kootenay%E2%80%94Columbia" title="Kootenay—Columbia">Kootenay—Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Moody%E2%80%94Coquitlam_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Port Moody—Coquitlam (federal electoral district)">Port Moody—Coquitlam</a>, and, after having lost it at <a href="/wiki/2019_Nanaimo%E2%80%94Ladysmith_federal_by-election" title="2019 Nanaimo—Ladysmith federal by-election">a by-election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo%E2%80%94Ladysmith" title="Nanaimo—Ladysmith">Nanaimo—Ladysmith</a>) but retained most of their support in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the election, the NDP held the balance of power as the Liberals won a minority government, although it fell back to fourth place behind the resurgent Bloc Québécois.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the NDP used its leverage to lobby the Liberals to be more generous in their financial aid to Canadians, including by extending of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada#Canada_Emergency_Response_Benefit" title="Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB)</a> program, which was a key demand in order to provide confidence to the government in the autumn of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">snap</a> <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 federal election</a>, the NDP made minor gains in both vote share and seat count, winning in 25 ridings. The party won a second seat in Alberta for the first time when <a href="/wiki/Blake_Desjarlais" title="Blake Desjarlais">Blake Desjarlais</a> picked up <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Griesbach" title="Edmonton Griesbach">Edmonton Griesbach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heather_McPherson_(politician)" title="Heather McPherson (politician)">Heather McPherson</a> won her second term at <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Strathcona_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Strathcona (federal electoral district)">Edmonton Strathcona</a>. The party also picked up two seats in British Columbia with <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Marie_Barron" title="Lisa Marie Barron">Lisa Marie Barron</a> reclaiming Nanaimo—Ladysmith and <a href="/wiki/Bonita_Zarrillo" title="Bonita Zarrillo">Bonita Zarrillo</a> reclaiming Port Moody—Coquitlam.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These gains were offset by losses to the Liberals in <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_East_(federal_electoral_district)" title="St. John's East (federal electoral district)">St. John's East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Mountain_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Hamilton Mountain (federal electoral district)">Hamilton Mountain</a>, where incumbent NDP MPs <a href="/wiki/Jack_Harris_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador_politician)" title="Jack Harris (Newfoundland and Labrador politician)">Jack Harris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Duvall" title="Scott Duvall">Scott Duvall</a> did not stand for re-election.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the election resulted in no change to the balance of power in the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2022, the NDP agreed to a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> deal with the Liberal Party, led by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the policies included in the deal were the establishment of a national <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Dental_Care_Plan" title="Canadian Dental Care Plan">dental care program</a> for low income Canadians, progress towards a national <a href="/wiki/Pharmacare" title="Pharmacare">pharmacare</a> program, labour reforms for federally regulated workers, and new taxes on financial institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024, the NDP faced two competitive by-elections in <a href="/wiki/2024_Elmwood%E2%80%94Transcona_federal_by-election" title="2024 Elmwood—Transcona federal by-election">Elmwood—Transcona</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/2024_LaSalle%E2%80%94%C3%89mard%E2%80%94Verdun_federal_by-election" title="2024 LaSalle—Émard—Verdun federal by-election">LaSalle—Émard—Verdun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NDP successfully defended the Elmwood—Transcona seat, with <a href="/wiki/Leila_Dance" title="Leila Dance">Leila Dance</a> elected as MP with a much reduced margin. This was the NDP's first by-election victory in five years. However, the party finished a close third in LaSalle—Émard—Verdun, behind the Liberals and the Bloc Québécois. Further to this, the NDP ended their confidence and supply agreement with the Liberal Party. The deal had run from March 2022 but was pulled nine months early.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology,_position_and_policies"><span id="Ideology.2C_position_and_policies"></span>Ideology, position and policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ideology, position and policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NDP evolved in 1961 from a merger of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a> (CLC) and the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> (CCF). The CCF grew from <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">agrarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> roots into a modern social democratic party. Although the CCF was part of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a> movement,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the NDP is <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular</a> and pluralistic. It has broadened to include concerns of the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a>, and advocates issues such as <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">international peace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environmental</a> stewardship.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NDP also supports a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a> and broader <a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">welfare</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Goodyear-Grant2013_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodyear-Grant2013-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olive2015_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olive2015-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialist</a> faction.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NDP is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Political_international" title="Political international">political international</a> of progressive and social democratic parties.<sup id="cite_ref-PAlliance_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAlliance-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideological_orientation">Ideological orientation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ideological orientation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NDP's constitution states that both social democracy and democratic socialism are influences on the party. Specific inclusion of the party's history as the continuation of the more radical Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, and specific identification of the "democratic socialist" tradition as a continuing influence on the party are part of the language of the preamble to the party's constitution: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>New Democrats are proud of our political and activist heritage, and our long record of visionary, practical, and successful governments. That heritage and that record have distinguished and inspired our party since the creation of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in 1933 and the founding of the New Democratic Party in 1961.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> New Democrats seek a future that brings together the best of the insights and objectives of Canadians who, within the social democratic and democratic socialist traditions, have worked through farmer, labour, co-operative, feminist, human rights and environmental movements, and with First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples, to build a more just, equal, and sustainable Canada within a global community dedicated to the same goals.<sup id="cite_ref-NDP_constitution_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDP_constitution-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NDP states that it is committed to public health care. The party states that it fights for "a national, universal, public pharmacare program to make sure that all Canadians can access the prescription medicine they need with their health card, not their credit card – saving money and improving health outcomes for everyone".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party also states its support for expanding services covered under the national health care system to include dental care, mental health care, eye and hearing care, infertility procedures, and prescription drugs. Regarding dentistry, the NDP notes that "one in three Canadians has no dental insurance and over six million people don't visit the dentist every year because they can't afford to. Too many people are forced to go without the care they need until the pain is so severe that they are forced to seek relief in hospital emergency rooms".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NDP supports the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestinian state</a>. In March 2024, an NDP motion on Palestine was passed after significant amendments were agreed with the Liberals. In particular, the motion called on the government to "officially recognize the State of Palestine", but this was amended to "work...towards the establishment of the State of Palestine as part of a negotiated <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_achievements">Electoral achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Electoral achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its formation, the party has had a presence in the House of Commons. It was the third largest political party from 1965 to 1993, when the party dropped to fourth and lost <a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">official party status</a>. The NDP's peak period of policy influence in those periods was during the minority <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> governments of <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a> (1963–68) and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a> (1972–74). The NDP regained official status in 1997, and played a similar role in the Liberal and Conservative minority governments of 2004–2006 and 2006–2011, respectively. Following the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 election</a>, the party became the second-largest party and formed the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a> in the <a href="/wiki/41st_Canadian_Parliament" title="41st Canadian Parliament">41st Canadian Parliament</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Provincial New Democratic parties, which are organizationally sections of the federal party, have governed in six of the ten <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provinces and a territory</a>. The NDP governs the provinces of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, forms the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Opposition">Official Opposition</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, and has sitting members in every provincial legislature except those of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>. The NDP has previously formed the government in the provinces of Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> Territory. The NDP has previously had at least one sitting member in every provincial legislature except that of Quebec.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While members of the party are active in municipal politics, the party does not organize at that level. For example, though former Toronto mayor <a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Miller (Canadian politician)">David Miller</a> was an NDP member during his successful 2003 and 2006 mayoral campaigns, his campaigns were not affiliated with the NDP.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_and_territorial_wings">Provincial and territorial wings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Provincial and territorial wings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NDP_leaders_summit_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NDP_leaders_summit_2013.jpg/330px-NDP_leaders_summit_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NDP_leaders_summit_2013.jpg/495px-NDP_leaders_summit_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NDP_leaders_summit_2013.jpg/660px-NDP_leaders_summit_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>NDP leaders at the federal and provincial levels during a federal leaders summit on January 15, 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike most other Canadian federal parties, the NDP is integrated with its provincial and territorial parties. Holding membership of a provincial or territorial section of the NDP includes automatic membership in the federal party, and this precludes a person from being a member of different parties at the federal and provincial levels. Membership lists are maintained by the provinces and territories.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There have been three exceptions: <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, the Northwest Territories, and Quebec. In Nunavut and in the Northwest Territories, whose territorial legislatures have non-partisan <a href="/wiki/Consensus_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Consensus government">consensus governments</a>, the federal NDP is promoted by its riding associations, since each territory is composed of only one federal <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">riding</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Quebec, the <a href="/wiki/Parti_de_la_Democratie_Socialiste" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti de la Democratie Socialiste">historical New Democratic Party of Quebec</a> was integrated with the federal party from 1963 until 1989, when the two agreed to sever their structural ties after the Quebec party adopted a <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec sovereignty">sovereigntist</a> platform. From then on, the federal NDP was represented in Quebec only by their Quebec Section,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose activities in the province were limited to the federal level. However, following the party's breakthrough in the province in the 2011 federal election, the NDP announced their plans to recreate a provincial party in Quebec in time for the following Quebec general election.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Quebec" title="New Democratic Party of Quebec">New Democratic Party of Quebec</a> party was registered with the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Electoral_Officer_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Electoral Officer of Quebec">Chief Electoral Officer of Quebec</a> on January 30, 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-rapeq_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rapeq-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it failed to nominate any candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Quebec_general_election" title="2014 Quebec general election">2014 election</a>. The new NPDQ is not affiliated to the federal NDP due to more recent provincial laws in Quebec which disallow provincial parties from affiliating with federal parties.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenaway_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenaway-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (January 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The NDP in Quebec has been in decline since 2016, struggling to attract local leaders and support.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><b>Current seat counts and leaders of provincial and territorial parties</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Party </th> <th>Seats / Total </th> <th>Role in legislature </th> <th>Last election </th> <th>Leader </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberta_New_Democratic_Party" title="Alberta New Democratic Party">Alberta New Democratic Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">38 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2023_Alberta_general_election" title="2023 Alberta general election">2023</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naheed_Nenshi" title="Naheed Nenshi">Naheed Nenshi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_New_Democratic_Party" title="British Columbia New Democratic Party">British Columbia New Democratic Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">47 / 93</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2024_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2024 British Columbia general election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Eby" title="David Eby">David Eby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">New Democratic Party of Manitoba</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">34 / 57</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2023_Manitoba_general_election" title="2023 Manitoba general election">2023</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wab_Kinew" title="Wab Kinew">Wab Kinew</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_New_Democratic_Party" title="New Brunswick New Democratic Party">New Brunswick New Democratic Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 49</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2024_New_Brunswick_general_election" title="2024 New Brunswick general election">2024</a> </td> <td>Alex White </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador">New Democratic Party of<br />Newfoundland and Labrador</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2021_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_election" title="2021 Newfoundland and Labrador general election">2021</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dinn" title="Jim Dinn">Jim Dinn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_New_Democratic_Party" title="Nova Scotia New Democratic Party">Nova Scotia New Democratic Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 55</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nova_Scotia_general_election" title="2024 Nova Scotia general election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Chender" title="Claudia Chender">Claudia Chender</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario New Democratic Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 124</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2022_Ontario_general_election" title="2022 Ontario general election">2022</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marit_Stiles" title="Marit Stiles">Marit Stiles</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="New Democratic Party of Prince Edward Island">New Democratic Party of Prince Edward Island</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Extra-parliamentary </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2023_Prince_Edward_Island_general_election" title="2023 Prince Edward Island general election">2023</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Neill" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelle Neill">Michelle Neill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan New Democratic Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 61</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2024_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="2024 Saskatchewan general election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carla_Beck" title="Carla Beck">Carla Beck</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yukon_New_Democratic_Party" title="Yukon New Democratic Party">Yukon New Democratic Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 19</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Confidence and supply<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Liberal minority)</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2021_Yukon_general_election" title="2021 Yukon general election">2021</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kate_White_(politician)" title="Kate White (politician)">Kate White</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The most successful provincial section of the party has been the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan New Democratic Party</a>, which first came to power in 1944 as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation under Tommy Douglas and has won eleven of the province's elections since then. In Canada, Douglas is often cited as the <a href="/wiki/Father_of_medicare" title="Father of medicare">"Father of Medicare"</a> since, as Saskatchewan Premier, he introduced Canada's first publicly funded, <a href="/wiki/Universal_healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal healthcare">universal healthcare</a> system to the province. Despite the historic success of the Saskatchewan branch of the party, the NDP was shut out of Saskatchewan for the <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a>, <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal elections</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SK_shutout_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SK_shutout-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before winning three seats there in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SK_drought_end_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SK_drought_end-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NDP would once again be shut out of Saskatchewan as part of the Conservatives sweep of the province in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-consweep2019_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consweep2019-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The New Democratic Party has also formed government in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Yukon. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><b>Best historic seat counts for provincial and territorial parties</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Province/Territory </th> <th>Seats / Total </th> <th>Role in legislature </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Concurrent party leader </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">54 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2015_Alberta_general_election" title="2015 Alberta general election">2015</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Notley" title="Rachel Notley">Rachel Notley</a> (Premier 2015-2019) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">57 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 66%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2020_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2020 British Columbia general election">2020</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Horgan" title="John Horgan">John Horgan</a> (Premier 2017–2022) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">37 / 57</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2011_Manitoba_general_election" title="2011 Manitoba general election">2011</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greg_Selinger" title="Greg Selinger">Greg Selinger</a> (Premier 2009–2016) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 58</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1984 <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(by-election)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Little_(New_Brunswick_politician)" title="George Little (New Brunswick politician)">George Little</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland<br />and Labrador</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2011_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_election" title="2011 Newfoundland and Labrador general election">2011</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Michael" title="Lorraine Michael">Lorraine Michael</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 52</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nova_Scotia_general_election" title="2009 Nova Scotia general election">2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Dexter" title="Darrell Dexter">Darrell Dexter</a> (Premier 2009–2013) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">74 / 130</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1990_Ontario_general_election" title="1990 Ontario general election">1990</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a> (Premier 1990–1995) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1996_Prince_Edward_Island_general_election" title="1996 Prince Edward Island general election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herb_Dickieson" title="Herb Dickieson">Herb Dickieson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 91</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1944_Quebec_general_election" title="1944 Quebec general election">1944</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(as <a href="/wiki/Parti_social_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Parti social démocratique du Québec">CCF</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_C%C3%B4t%C3%A9_(politician)" title="David Côté (politician)">David Côté</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">55 / 66</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 83%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1991_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1991 Saskatchewan general election">1991</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romanow" title="Roy Romanow">Roy Romanow</a> (Premier 1991–2001) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 17</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1996_Yukon_general_election" title="1996 Yukon general election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piers_McDonald" title="Piers McDonald">Piers McDonald</a> (Premier 1996–2000) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_leaders">Federal leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Federal leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><em><b>Note<sup></sup>:</b> the right-hand column does not allocate height proportional to time in office.</em></dd></dl> <p>A list of leaders (including acting leaders) since 1961. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Leader<br /><small>(birth–death)</small> </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Riding </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th colspan="2">Prime Minister <span style="font-size:85%;">(term) <br /> Party</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a><br /><small>(1904–1986)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg/60px-TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg/90px-TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg/120px-TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Weyburn_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Weyburn (provincial electoral district)">Weyburn</a> <br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Legislature" title="Saskatchewan Legislature">Saskatchewan</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Tommy_Douglas_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tommy_Douglas-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Burnaby%E2%80%94Coquitlam" title="Burnaby—Coquitlam">Burnaby—Coquitlam</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo%E2%80%94Cowichan%E2%80%94The_Islands" title="Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands">Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1961_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 New Democratic Party leadership election">August 3, 1961</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">April 24, 1971 </td> <td style="background-color: #9999FF; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal; height:30px;"><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(1957–1963)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">PC</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal; height:10px;"><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(1963–1968)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal; height:60px;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">P. Trudeau</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(1968–1979)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a><br /><small>(1909–1981)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DavidLewis1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DavidLewis1944.jpg/60px-DavidLewis1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DavidLewis1944.jpg/90px-DavidLewis1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DavidLewis1944.jpg/120px-DavidLewis1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1825" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/York_South" class="mw-redirect" title="York South">York South</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1971 New Democratic Party leadership election">April 24, 1971</a> </td> <td>July 7, 1975 </td> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5">3 </th> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Broadbent" title="Ed Broadbent">Ed Broadbent</a><br /><small>(1936–2024)</small> </td> <td rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ed_Broadbent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ed_Broadbent.jpg/60px-Ed_Broadbent.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ed_Broadbent.jpg/90px-Ed_Broadbent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ed_Broadbent.jpg/120px-Ed_Broadbent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="909" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Oshawa_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Oshawa (federal electoral district)">Oshawa–Whitby</a> <br /> Oshawa </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/1975_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 New Democratic Party leadership election">July 7, 1975</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">December 5, 1989 </td> <td height="15" style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #9999FF; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal; height:8px;;"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(1979–1980)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">PC</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal; height:5px;;">P. Trudeau <small><span class="nowrap">(1980–1984)</span> <br /> Liberal </small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(1984)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #9999FF; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Mulroney</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(1984–1993)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">PC</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">4 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_McLaughlin" title="Audrey McLaughlin">Audrey McLaughlin</a><br /><small>(b. 1936)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AudreyMcLaughlin2012_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/AudreyMcLaughlin2012_1.png/60px-AudreyMcLaughlin2012_1.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/AudreyMcLaughlin2012_1.png/90px-AudreyMcLaughlin2012_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/AudreyMcLaughlin2012_1.png/120px-AudreyMcLaughlin2012_1.png 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="277" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Yukon_(electoral_district)" title="Yukon (electoral district)">Yukon</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1989_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 New Democratic Party leadership election">December 5, 1989</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">October 14, 1995 </td> <td style="background-color: #9999FF; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #9999FF; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(1993)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">PC</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(1993–2003)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexa_McDonough" title="Alexa McDonough">Alexa McDonough</a><br /><small>(1944–2022)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mcdonoughalexa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mcdonoughalexa.jpg/60px-Mcdonoughalexa.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mcdonoughalexa.jpg/90px-Mcdonoughalexa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mcdonoughalexa.jpg/120px-Mcdonoughalexa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Fairview" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Fairview">Halifax Fairview</a> <br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Alexa_McDonough_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexa_McDonough-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Halifax_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Halifax (federal electoral district)">Halifax</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1995_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1995 New Democratic Party leadership election">October 14, 1995</a> </td> <td>January 25, 2003 </td> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">6 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a><br /><small>(1950–2011)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Layton_-_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jack_Layton_-_2011.jpg/60px-Jack_Layton_-_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jack_Layton_-_2011.jpg/90px-Jack_Layton_-_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Jack_Layton_-_2011.jpg/120px-Jack_Layton_-_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Toronto%E2%80%93Danforth" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto–Danforth">Toronto–Danforth</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2003_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 New Democratic Party leadership election">January 25, 2003</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">August 22, 2011<sup id="cite_ref-Jack_Layton_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jack_Layton-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Martin</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(2003–2006)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #6495ED; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(2006–2015)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><i>Interim</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nycole_Turmel" title="Nycole Turmel">Nycole Turmel</a><br /><small>(b. 1942)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nycole_Turmel_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nycole_Turmel_2011.jpg/60px-Nycole_Turmel_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nycole_Turmel_2011.jpg/90px-Nycole_Turmel_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nycole_Turmel_2011.jpg/120px-Nycole_Turmel_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hull%E2%80%94Aylmer" title="Hull—Aylmer">Hull—Aylmer</a> </td> <td>July 28, 2011 </td> <td>March 24, 2012 </td> <td style="background-color: #6495ED; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">7 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a><br /><small>(b. 1954)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom-Mulcair-Cropped-2014-05-08.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tom-Mulcair-Cropped-2014-05-08.png/60px-Tom-Mulcair-Cropped-2014-05-08.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tom-Mulcair-Cropped-2014-05-08.png/90px-Tom-Mulcair-Cropped-2014-05-08.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tom-Mulcair-Cropped-2014-05-08.png/120px-Tom-Mulcair-Cropped-2014-05-08.png 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="2011" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Outremont_(electoral_district)" title="Outremont (electoral district)">Outremont</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2012_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 New Democratic Party leadership election">March 24, 2012</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">October 1, 2017 </td> <td style="background-color: #6495ED; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">J. Trudeau</a> <small><span class="nowrap">(2015–present)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </small> </th></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a><br /><small>(b. 1979)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagmeet_Singh_in_Brantford_2022_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jagmeet_Singh_in_Brantford_2022_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Jagmeet_Singh_in_Brantford_2022_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jagmeet_Singh_in_Brantford_2022_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Jagmeet_Singh_in_Brantford_2022_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jagmeet_Singh_in_Brantford_2022_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Jagmeet_Singh_in_Brantford_2022_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="915" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bramalea%E2%80%94Gore%E2%80%94Malton_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Bramalea—Gore—Malton (provincial electoral district)">Bramalea—Gore—Malton</a> <br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ontario_Provincial_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario Provincial Parliament">Ontario</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Jagmeet_Singh_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jagmeet_Singh-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Burnaby_South" title="Burnaby South">Burnaby South</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">October 1, 2017</a> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td style="background-color: #EA6D6A; border-top:solid 0 gray; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tommy_Douglas-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tommy_Douglas_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sat as the Premier of Saskatchewan and head of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_CCF" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan CCF">Saskatchewan CCF</a> until November 7, 1961.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexa_McDonough-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexa_McDonough_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sat as a Nova Scotia MLA until October 20, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jack_Layton-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jack_Layton_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On July 28, 2011, Layton took a leave of absence.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jagmeet_Singh-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jagmeet_Singh_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sat as Ontario MPP until October 20, 2017.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_party_presidents">Federal party presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Federal party presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party president is the administrative chairperson of the party, chairing party conventions, councils and executive meetings. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center; width:100%; line-height:126%; margin-bottom:0"> <tbody><tr> <th>Order</th> <th>Photo</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Term</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kelway_Oliver" title="Michael Kelway Oliver">Michael Kelway Oliver</a></td> <td>1961–1963</td> <td>The academic was acclaimed as first president of the NDP; later president of <a href="/wiki/Carleton_University" title="Carleton University">Carleton University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merv_Johnson" title="Merv Johnson">Merv Johnson</a></td> <td>1963–1965</td> <td>Former CCF MP for <a href="/wiki/Kindersley_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindersley (electoral district)">Kindersley</a>, Saskatchewan </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Park" title="Eamon Park">Eamon Park</a></td> <td>1965–1967</td> <td>Former CCF MPP for <a href="/wiki/Dovercourt_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Dovercourt (provincial electoral district)">Dovercourt</a> in the Ontario legislature </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Renwick_(Canadian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Renwick (Canadian politician)">James Renwick</a></td> <td>1967–1969</td> <td>Concurrently NDP MPP for <a href="/wiki/Riverdale_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Riverdale (provincial electoral district)">Riverdale</a> in the Ontario legislature </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allan-Blakeney-2009-Full.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Allan-Blakeney-2009-Full.jpeg/70px-Allan-Blakeney-2009-Full.jpeg" decoding="async" width="70" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Allan-Blakeney-2009-Full.jpeg/105px-Allan-Blakeney-2009-Full.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Allan-Blakeney-2009-Full.jpeg/140px-Allan-Blakeney-2009-Full.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="592" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allan_Blakeney" title="Allan Blakeney">Allan Blakeney</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1969–1971 </td> <td>Former Saskatchewan Health Minister, went on to become Premier of Saskatchewan </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_c._macdonald_speaking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Donald_c._macdonald_speaking.jpg/70px-Donald_c._macdonald_speaking.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Donald_c._macdonald_speaking.jpg/105px-Donald_c._macdonald_speaking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Donald_c._macdonald_speaking.jpg/140px-Donald_c._macdonald_speaking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2134" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._MacDonald" title="Donald C. MacDonald">Donald C. MacDonald</a> </td> <td>1971–1975</td> <td>Former leader of the Ontario NDP, concurrently served as MPP for <a href="/wiki/York_South_(provincial_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="York South (provincial electoral district)">York South</a> in the provincial legislature </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td>Joyce Nash</td> <td>1975–1977</td> <td>British Columbia party activist and feminist, first woman to become NDP president. </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td>Alvin Hewitt</td> <td>1977–1981</td> <td>Previously president of the Saskatchewan NDP for 6 years. </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Penikett" title="Tony Penikett">Tony Penikett</a></td> <td>1981–1985</td> <td>Subsequently, Premier of <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> territory </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariondewar2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mariondewar2.PNG/70px-Mariondewar2.PNG" decoding="async" width="70" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mariondewar2.PNG/105px-Mariondewar2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mariondewar2.PNG/140px-Mariondewar2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="927" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marion_Dewar" title="Marion Dewar">Marion Dewar</a></td> <td>1985–1987</td> <td>Previously Mayor of Ottawa and subsequently NDP MP for <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Mountain">Hamilton Mountain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johanna_den_Hertog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johanna den Hertog (page does not exist)">Johanna den Hertog</a></td> <td>1987–1989</td> <td>Ran unsuccessfully for the NDP in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver Centre">Vancouver Centre</a> in the 1988 federal election </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td></td> <td>Sandra Mitchell</td> <td>1989–1991</td> <td>Saskatoon lawyer<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td></td> <td>Nancy Riche</td> <td>1991–1995</td> <td>Vice president of the Canadian Labour Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iain_Angus" title="Iain Angus">Iain Angus</a></td> <td>1995–1997</td> <td>Former Ontario MP.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ed_Tchorzewski" title="Ed Tchorzewski">Ed Tchorzewski</a></td> <td>1997–1999</td> <td>Former Saskatchewan cabinet minister </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td></td> <td>Dave MacKinnon<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>c. 1999–2000</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_Giambrone_@_Human_Train_Rally_in_Sorauren_Park_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Adam_Giambrone_%40_Human_Train_Rally_in_Sorauren_Park_2009.jpg/70px-Adam_Giambrone_%40_Human_Train_Rally_in_Sorauren_Park_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Adam_Giambrone_%40_Human_Train_Rally_in_Sorauren_Park_2009.jpg/105px-Adam_Giambrone_%40_Human_Train_Rally_in_Sorauren_Park_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Adam_Giambrone_%40_Human_Train_Rally_in_Sorauren_Park_2009.jpg/140px-Adam_Giambrone_%40_Human_Train_Rally_in_Sorauren_Park_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="782" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adam_Giambrone" title="Adam Giambrone">Adam Giambrone</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2001–2006</td> <td>At age 24, he was the youngest person to ever become president of a political party. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Council" title="Toronto City Council">Toronto City Councillor</a> for the latter part of his term. </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anne_McGrath_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anne_McGrath_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Anne_McGrath_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anne_McGrath_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Anne_McGrath_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anne_McGrath_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Anne_McGrath_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_McGrath" title="Anne McGrath">Anne McGrath</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2006–2009</td> <td>Elected at the 2006 party convention in <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>. Served as Chief of Staff to Jack Layton (2008–2011). Subsequently, Principal Secretary and Deputy Chief of Staff to Premier <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Notley" title="Rachel Notley">Rachel Notley</a> (2015–2019); and National Director of the NDP 2014–2015 and 2019–present </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peggy_Nash_speaking_in_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Peggy_Nash_speaking_in_2011.jpg/70px-Peggy_Nash_speaking_in_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Peggy_Nash_speaking_in_2011.jpg/105px-Peggy_Nash_speaking_in_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Peggy_Nash_speaking_in_2011.jpg/140px-Peggy_Nash_speaking_in_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="516" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Nash" title="Peggy Nash">Peggy Nash</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2009–2011</td> <td>Elected at the 2009 party convention in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a>. MP for <a href="/wiki/Parkdale%E2%80%94High_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkdale—High Park">Parkdale—High Park</a> prior to and following her term. </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian-Topp-October-16-2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Brian-Topp-October-16-2011.png/70px-Brian-Topp-October-16-2011.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Brian-Topp-October-16-2011.png/105px-Brian-Topp-October-16-2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Brian-Topp-October-16-2011.png/140px-Brian-Topp-October-16-2011.png 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="679" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Topp" title="Brian Topp">Brian Topp</a><sup id="cite_ref-Topp_4_Prez_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topp_4_Prez-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2011</td> <td>Resigned after three months to run for leader of the NDP following the death of <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a>. National Campaign Director in 2006 and 2008. Subsequently, chief of staff to Alberta NDP Premier <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Notley" title="Rachel Notley">Rachel Notley</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rebecca_Blaikie.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rebecca_Blaikie.JPG/70px-Rebecca_Blaikie.JPG" decoding="async" width="70" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rebecca_Blaikie.JPG/105px-Rebecca_Blaikie.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rebecca_Blaikie.JPG/140px-Rebecca_Blaikie.JPG 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="587" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Blaikie" title="Rebecca Blaikie">Rebecca Blaikie</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2011–2016</td> <td>Former executive director of the NDP in Quebec and former party treasurer </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marit_Stiles_QP.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Marit_Stiles_QP.png/70px-Marit_Stiles_QP.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Marit_Stiles_QP.png/105px-Marit_Stiles_QP.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Marit_Stiles_QP.png/140px-Marit_Stiles_QP.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="566" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marit_Stiles" title="Marit Stiles">Marit Stiles</a></td> <td>2016–2018</td> <td>Leader of the Ontario NDP (2023-), NDP MPP (2018-) and former Toronto School Board Trustee (2014-2018). </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td></td> <td>Mathieu Vick</td> <td>2018–2021</td> <td>First francophone president; formerly national caucus coordinator for the NDP </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td></td> <td>Dhananjai Kohli</td> <td>2021–2023</td> <td>First president from a <a href="/wiki/Visible_minority" title="Visible minority">visible minority</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers" title="United Steelworkers">United Steelworkers</a> staff representative; formerly Ontario NDP organizer </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td></td> <td>Mary Shortall</td> <td>2023–present</td> <td>Former president of the <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_Federation_of_Labour" title="Newfoundland and Labrador Federation of Labour">Newfoundland and Labrador Federation of Labour</a>; unsuccessful NDP candidate for <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_East_(federal_electoral_district)" title="St. John's East (federal electoral district)">St. John's East</a> in 2021 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation#Election_results" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation § Election results</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Position/Gov. </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1962_Canadian_federal_election" title="1962 Canadian federal election">1962</a> </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td> <td>1,044,754 </td> <td>13.57 </td> <td>4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1963_Canadian_federal_election" title="1963 Canadian federal election">1963</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td>1,044,701 </td> <td>13.22 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1965_Canadian_federal_election" title="1965 Canadian federal election">1965</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 265</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td>1,381,658 </td> <td>17.91 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="1968 Canadian federal election">1968</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 264</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td>1,378,263 </td> <td>16.96 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_Canadian_federal_election" title="1972 Canadian federal election">1972</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 264</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td>1,725,719 </td> <td>17.83 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">1974</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 264</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15 </td> <td>1,467,748 </td> <td>15.44 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979</a> </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Broadbent" title="Ed Broadbent">Ed Broadbent</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 282</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td>2,048,988 </td> <td>17.88 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">32 / 282</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td>2,165,087 </td> <td>19.77 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 282</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td>2,359,915 </td> <td>18.81 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">43 / 295</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td> <td>2,685,263 </td> <td>20.38 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Audrey_McLaughlin" title="Audrey McLaughlin">Audrey McLaughlin</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 295</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34 </td> <td>939,575 </td> <td>6.88 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No status </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alexa_McDonough" title="Alexa McDonough">Alexa McDonough</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 301</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12 </td> <td>1,434,509 </td> <td>11.05 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 301</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td>1,093,748 </td> <td>8.51 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a> </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 308</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td>2,127,403 </td> <td>15.68 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 308</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td>2,589,597 </td> <td>17.48 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">37 / 308</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td>2,515,288 </td> <td>18.18 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">103 / 308</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 66 </td> <td>4,508,474 </td> <td>30.63 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mulcair" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 338</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 59 </td> <td>3,441,409 </td> <td>19.71 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3rd </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Third party </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 338</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20 </td> <td>2,903,722 </td> <td>15.98 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Fourth party </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 338</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td rowspan="3">3,036,346 </td> <td rowspan="3">17.83 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4th </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><small> Fourth party (2021–2022)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Fourth party;<br /><a href="/wiki/44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="44th Canadian Parliament">confidence and supply</a> (2022–2024)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><small> Fourth party (2024)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_timeline">Results timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Results timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:80%; text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CA</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon"><img alt="Yukon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia"><img alt="British Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta"><img alt="Alberta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan"><img alt="Saskatchewan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba"><img alt="Manitoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario"><img alt="Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec"><img alt="Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick"><img alt="New Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia"><img alt="Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island"><img alt="Prince Edward Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/22px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/34px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/44px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a> </th> <th width="37px"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador"><img alt="Newfoundland and Labrador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/46px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>1933 </th> <td rowspan="2"><i>N/A</i> </td> <td rowspan="92" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td rowspan="45"><i>N/A</i> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460">31.5 </td> <td rowspan="7"><i>N/A</i> </td> <td><i>N/A</i> </td> <td rowspan="3"><i>N/A</i> </td> <td><i>N/A</i> </td> <td rowspan="6"><i>N/A</i> </td> <td rowspan="11"><i>N/A</i> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top">0.7 </td> <td rowspan="10"><i>N/A</i> </td> <td rowspan="23"><i>N/A</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1934 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460">24.0 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3">7.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1935 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3">9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1936 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3">12.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1937 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28.6 </td> <td rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.6 </td> <td rowspan="4"><i>N/A</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1938 </th> <td rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1939 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1940 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top">11.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1941 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1942 </th></tr> <tr> <th>1943 </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top">2.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1944 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 24.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 53.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top">11.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1945 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 37.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33.8 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1946 </th></tr> <tr> <th>1947 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1948 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47.6 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 27.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1949 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.4 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 35.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1950 </th></tr> <tr> <th>1951 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1952 </th> <td style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30.8 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 54.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1953 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.3 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30.9 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.6 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1954 </th></tr> <tr> <th>1955 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.5 </td> <td rowspan="19"><i>N/A</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1956 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28.3 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45.3 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6 </td> <td rowspan="11">N/A </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.0 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top">0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1957 </th> <td style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1958 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.5 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1959 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.3 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.7 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1960 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40.8 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.0 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1961 </th></tr> <tr> <th>1962 </th> <td style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.2 </td> <td rowspan="8">N/A </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1963 </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.2 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 27.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.5 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.5 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1964 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1965 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1966 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33.6 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.1 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1967 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.3 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25.9 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top">0.1 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1968 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1969 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1970 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top">0.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1971 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 55.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 27.1 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1972 </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.8 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39.6 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1973 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42.3 </td> <td rowspan="3">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <th>1974 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top">5.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1975 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.9 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40.1 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1976 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top">0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1977 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1978 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3">20.3 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 48.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.5 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14.4 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1979 </th> <td style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 46.0 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.8 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.3 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1980 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1981 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21.2 </td> <td rowspan="4">N/A </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1982 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="#f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 35.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 37.6 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.5 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1983 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1984 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1985 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 41.1 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top">2.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1986 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42.6 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29.2 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45.2 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 41.5 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1987 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1988 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20.4 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.6 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1989 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26.3 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.5 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1990 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28.8 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 37.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1991 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 51.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1992 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="#f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 35.1 </td> <td rowspan="33">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <th>1993 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.0 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.7 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.4 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1994 </th></tr> <tr> <th>1995 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1996 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39.9 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39.5 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.9 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1997 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1998 </th> <td style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1999 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.5 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2000 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.5 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="#f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32.8 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2001 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21.5 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2002 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="#f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2003 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 49.5 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14.7 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.7 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2004 </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2005 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 41.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2006 </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.5 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.1 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2007 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 37.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2008 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 18.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2009 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42.1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2010 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2011 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="#f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30.6 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="#f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32.6 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32.0 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 46.2 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 24.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2012 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2013 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 39.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2014 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.8 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2015 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2016 </th> <td rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26.2 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 30.4 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2017 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40.3 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2018 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33.6 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2019 </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.0 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 32.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31.4 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.0 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2020 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 47.7 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31.6 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2021 </th> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 17.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 28.2 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20.9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f7dbc3"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2022 </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2023 </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.0 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 45.6 </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2024 </th> <td style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="d8843a"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.9 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top" bgcolor="f4a460"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40.2 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Nova_Scotia_general_election" title="2024 Nova Scotia general election">TBD</a> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th>Year </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CA</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon"><img alt="Yukon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia"><img alt="British Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta"><img alt="Alberta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan"><img alt="Saskatchewan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba"><img alt="Manitoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario"><img alt="Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec"><img alt="Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick"><img alt="New Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia"><img alt="Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island"><img alt="Prince Edward Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/22px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/34px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/44px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador"><img alt="Newfoundland and Labrador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/46px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a> </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="20" align="left"><b>Bold</b> indicates best result to date.<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f7dbc3; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Present in legislature<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f4a460; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Official opposition<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d8843a; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> In government </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logos">Logos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Logos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Logo history </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">1961 (founding convention) </th> <th style="width:100px;">1961–1984 </th> <th style="width:100px;">1984–1997 </th> <th style="width:100px;">1997<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–2004<sup id="cite_ref-Bilingual_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bilingual-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:100px;">2004–2012<sup id="cite_ref-Bilingual_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bilingual-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:100px;"><span class="nowrap">2012–present<sup id="cite_ref-Bilingual_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bilingual-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NDP_1961_Logo_Text.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/NDP_1961_Logo_Text.png/120px-NDP_1961_Logo_Text.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/NDP_1961_Logo_Text.png/180px-NDP_1961_Logo_Text.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/NDP_1961_Logo_Text.png/240px-NDP_1961_Logo_Text.png 2x" data-file-width="1668" data-file-height="1651" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NDP_logo,_1974-1984.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/NDP_logo%2C_1974-1984.svg/120px-NDP_logo%2C_1974-1984.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/NDP_logo%2C_1974-1984.svg/180px-NDP_logo%2C_1974-1984.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/NDP_logo%2C_1974-1984.svg/240px-NDP_logo%2C_1974-1984.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="723" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NDP_logo,_1984-1993.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/NDP_logo%2C_1984-1993.svg/120px-NDP_logo%2C_1984-1993.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/NDP_logo%2C_1984-1993.svg/180px-NDP_logo%2C_1984-1993.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/NDP_logo%2C_1984-1993.svg/240px-NDP_logo%2C_1984-1993.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="369" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NDP_NPD_1997.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/NDP_NPD_1997.svg/120px-NDP_NPD_1997.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/NDP_NPD_1997.svg/180px-NDP_NPD_1997.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/NDP_NPD_1997.svg/240px-NDP_NPD_1997.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="49" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NDP-NPD_Canada_logo_2004-2011.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NDP-NPD_Canada_logo_2004-2011.svg/120px-NDP-NPD_Canada_logo_2004-2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NDP-NPD_Canada_logo_2004-2011.svg/180px-NDP-NPD_Canada_logo_2004-2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NDP-NPD_Canada_logo_2004-2011.svg/240px-NDP-NPD_Canada_logo_2004-2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="49" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NDP-NPD_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/NDP-NPD_Canada.svg/120px-NDP-NPD_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/NDP-NPD_Canada.svg/180px-NDP-NPD_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/NDP-NPD_Canada.svg/240px-NDP-NPD_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="101" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Caucus" title="Left Caucus">Left Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Socialist_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus">New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Politics_Initiative" title="New Politics Initiative">New Politics Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_CCF/NDP_members" title="List of CCF/NDP members">List of CCF/NDP MPs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French abbreviation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Democratic Party provided <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> for the Liberal Party government, from March 2022 to September 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bilingual-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bilingual_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bilingual_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bilingual_85-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bilingual version of the logo</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-top-staff-changes-1.7083904">cbc.ca</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vansun19610803-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vansun19610803_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNeville1961" class="citation news cs1">Neville, William (August 3, 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qphlAAAAIBAJ&dq=new%20democratic%20party&pg=4770%2C472587">"Douglas Leads New Party, 'Democratic' Tag in Name"</a>. <i>The Vancouver Sun</i>. Vancouver. UPI. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=Douglas+Leads+New+Party%2C+%27Democratic%27+Tag+in+Name&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1961-08-03&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DqphlAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dnew%2520democratic%2520party%26pg%3D4770%252C472587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÉric_Grenier2017" class="citation news cs1">Éric Grenier (August 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-leadership-members-1.4265642">"NDP triples its membership to 124,000 in run-up to party's leadership vote"</a>. Cbc.ca<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NDP+triples+its+membership+to+124%2C000+in+run-up+to+party%27s+leadership+vote&rft.date=2017-08-29&rft.au=%C3%89ric+Grenier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fndp-leadership-members-1.4265642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAlliance-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAlliance_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAlliance_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://progressive-alliance.info/network/parties-and-organisations/">"Parties & Organisations of the Progressive Alliance"</a>. <i>progressive-alliance.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=progressive-alliance.info&rft.atitle=Parties+%26+Organisations+of+the+Progressive+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprogressive-alliance.info%2Fnetwork%2Fparties-and-organisations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google176-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google176_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The party is widely described as social democratic: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan_EvansIngo_Schmidt2012" class="citation book cs1">Bryan Evans; Ingo Schmidt (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SocialDemocracyAfterTheColdWar"><i>Social Democracy After the Cold War</i></a>. Athabasca University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-926836-87-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-926836-87-4"><bdi>978-1-926836-87-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Democracy+After+the+Cold+War&rft.pub=Athabasca+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-926836-87-4&rft.au=Bryan+Evans&rft.au=Ingo+Schmidt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSocialDemocracyAfterTheColdWar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelody_HessingMichael_HowlettTracy_Summerville2005" class="citation book cs1">Melody Hessing; Michael Howlett; Tracy Summerville (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_qHF160KzwgC&pg=PA176"><i>Canadian Natural Resource And Environmental Policy: Political Economy And Public Policy</i></a>. UBC Press. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1181-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1181-1"><bdi>978-0-7748-1181-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Natural+Resource+And+Environmental+Policy%3A+Political+Economy+And+Public+Policy&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-1181-1&rft.au=Melody+Hessing&rft.au=Michael+Howlett&rft.au=Tracy+Summerville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qHF160KzwgC%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRand_Dyck2011" class="citation book cs1">Rand Dyck (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BUOoN8e5Ps0C&pg=PA219"><i>Canadian Politics</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650343-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-17-650343-7"><bdi>978-0-17-650343-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Politics&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-17-650343-7&rft.au=Rand+Dyck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBUOoN8e5Ps0C%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_Penner1992" class="citation book cs1">Norman Penner (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A70zWFHTg2EC"><i>From Protest to Power: Social Democracy in Canada 1900–Present</i></a>. James Lorimer & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-384-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55028-384-6"><bdi>978-1-55028-384-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Protest+to+Power%3A+Social+Democracy+in+Canada+1900%E2%80%93Present&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-55028-384-6&rft.au=Norman+Penner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA70zWFHTg2EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_M._HerrickPaul_H._Stuart2004" class="citation book cs1">John M. Herrick; Paul H. Stuart (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofso00john"><i>Encyclopedia of Social Welfare History in North America</i></a></span>. SAGE. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofso00john/page/337">337</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2584-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2584-2"><bdi>978-0-7619-2584-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Social+Welfare+History+in+North+America&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-2584-2&rft.au=John+M.+Herrick&rft.au=Paul+H.+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofso00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Herd_ThompsonStephen_J._Randall2002" class="citation book cs1">John Herd Thompson; Stephen J. Randall (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadaunitedstat00thom_0"><i>Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies</i></a></span>. University of Georgia Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadaunitedstat00thom_0/page/309">309</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2403-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2403-6"><bdi>978-0-8203-2403-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+and+the+United+States%3A+Ambivalent+Allies&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-2403-6&rft.au=John+Herd+Thompson&rft.au=Stephen+J.+Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadaunitedstat00thom_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_McLeod1994" class="citation book cs1">Ian McLeod (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VGLXAYJHHLUC"><i>Under Siege: The Federal Ndp in the Nineties</i></a>. 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McGill-Queens. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalchoices00arch/page/15">15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0744-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0744-9"><bdi>978-0-7735-0744-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Choices+and+Electoral+Consequences%3A+A+Study+of+Organized+Labour+and+the+New+Democratic+Party&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=McGill-Queens&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-0744-9&rft.au=Keith+Archer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticalchoices00arch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_CollinPamela_L._Martin2012" class="citation book cs1">Richard Collin; Pamela L. Martin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-vSlx-_Z408C&pg=PA209"><i>An Introduction to World Politics: Conflict and Consensus on a Small Planet</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1803-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1803-1"><bdi>978-1-4422-1803-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+World+Politics%3A+Conflict+and+Consensus+on+a+Small+Planet&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-1803-1&rft.au=Richard+Collin&rft.au=Pamela+L.+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-vSlx-_Z408C%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Cross2012" class="citation web cs1">William Cross (September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/09361.pdf">"The Canadian New Democratic Party: A New Big Player in Canadian Politics?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+New+Democratic+Party%3A+A+New+Big+Player+in+Canadian+Politics%3F&rft.pub=Friedrich+Ebert+Stiftung&rft.date=2012-09&rft.au=William+Cross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.fes.de%2Fpdf-files%2Fid%2F09361.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessica_Murphy2017" class="citation news cs1">Jessica Murphy (September 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-41405645">"Who will Canada's New Democrats pick to take on Trudeau?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+will+Canada%27s+New+Democrats+pick+to+take+on+Trudeau%3F&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.au=Jessica+Murphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-41405645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerard_Di_Trolio2018" class="citation web cs1">Gerard Di Trolio (June 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobinmag.com/2018/06/ndp-election-ontario-liberals-pc">"The NDP Claws Its Way Back"</a>. Jacobin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NDP+Claws+Its+Way+Back&rft.pub=Jacobin&rft.date=2018-06-04&rft.au=Gerard+Di+Trolio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobinmag.com%2F2018%2F06%2Fndp-election-ontario-liberals-pc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-McGrane2018-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGrane2018_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_McGrane2018" class="citation book cs1">David McGrane (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UlI8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39">"Electoral competition in Canada among the centre-left parties: liberal versus social democrats"</a>. In Rob Manwaring; Paul Kennedy (eds.). <i>Why the Left Loses: The Decline of the Centre-Left in Comparative Perspective</i>. Policy Press. pp. 39–52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4473-3266-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4473-3266-4"><bdi>978-1-4473-3266-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Electoral+competition+in+Canada+among+the+centre-left+parties%3A+liberal+versus+social+democrats&rft.btitle=Why+the+Left+Loses%3A+The+Decline+of+the+Centre-Left+in+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pages=39-52&rft.pub=Policy+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4473-3266-4&rft.au=David+McGrane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUlI8DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-41463165">"Canada's New Democrats elect Jagmeet Singh as party leader"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 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Retrieved 2 January 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/23/world/americas/23canada.html">Death of Jack Layton Weakens Canada's Political Opposition</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Author – Ian Austen. Published August 22, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-McGrane2018_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrane2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGauvinChhimMedeiros2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gauvin, Jean-Philippe; Chhim, Chris; Medeiros, Mike (May 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-political-science-revue-canadienne-de-science-politique/article/abs/did-they-mind-the-gap-voterparty-ideological-proximity-between-the-bq-the-ndp-and-quebec-voters-20062011/67A3C8C199A8F3F061F4982D9F4891F9">"Did They Mind the Gap? Voter/Party Ideological Proximity between the BQ, the NDP and Quebec Voters"</a>. <i>Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique</i>. <b>49</b> (2). Cambridge: 289–310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS000842391600038X">10.1017/S000842391600038X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Given that the BQ and NDP are left-wing parties, both being socially progressive and economically leftist, it is not surprising to see similar trends on these dimensions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Political+Science%2FRevue+canadienne+de+science+politique&rft.atitle=Did+They+Mind+the+Gap%3F+Voter%2FParty+Ideological+Proximity+between+the+BQ%2C+the+NDP+and+Quebec+Voters&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=289-310&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS000842391600038X&rft.aulast=Gauvin&rft.aufirst=Jean-Philippe&rft.au=Chhim%2C+Chris&rft.au=Medeiros%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fcanadian-journal-of-political-science-revue-canadienne-de-science-politique%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fdid-they-mind-the-gap-voterparty-ideological-proximity-between-the-bq-the-ndp-and-quebec-voters-20062011%2F67A3C8C199A8F3F061F4982D9F4891F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochrane2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cochrane, Christopher (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40983510">"Left/Right Ideology and Canadian Politics"</a>. <i>Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique</i>. <b>43</b> (3). 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The Conversation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Educated+voters+in+Canada+tend+to+vote+for+left-leaning+parties+while+richer+voters+go+right&rft.date=2023-10-24&rft.aulast=Kiss&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Polacko%2C+Matt&rft.au=Graefe%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Feducated-voters-in-canada-tend-to-vote-for-left-leaning-parties-while-richer-voters-go-right-215108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonderich2024" class="citation web cs1">Honderich, Holly (September 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm2n00e3z87o">"Canada's NDP pulls support for Trudeau's Liberals"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Canada's left-wing New Democratic Party (NDP) has pulled the plug on a two-and-a-half-year-old agreement with Justin Trudeau's Liberals that had helped keep his minority government in power.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+NDP+pulls+support+for+Trudeau%27s+Liberals&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft.aulast=Honderich&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcm2n00e3z87o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodyear-Grant2013-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goodyear-Grant2013_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodyear-Grant2013_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodyear-Grant2013_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Goodyear-Grant2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Goodyear-Grant" title="Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant">Elizabeth Goodyear-Grant</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TUFFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Gendered News: Media Coverage and Electoral Politics in Canada</i></a>. 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href="https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/10/22/jagmeet-singh-cant-explain-how-the-ndp-failed-to-win-any-seats-in-toronto.html">"Jagmeet Singh can't explain how the NDP failed to win any seats in Toronto in election 2019"</a></span>. <i>Toronto Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404044019/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/10/22/jagmeet-singh-cant-explain-how-the-ndp-failed-to-win-any-seats-in-toronto.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2023.</cite><span 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href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowrie2019" class="citation web cs1">Lowrie, Morgan (October 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/liberals-bloc-quebecois-split-quebec-vote-as-ndp-nearly-wiped-out-1.1335279">"Liberals, Bloc Quebecois split Quebec vote as NDP nearly wiped out"</a>. <i>BNN Bloomberg</i>. The Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404102302/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/liberals-bloc-quebecois-split-quebec-vote-as-ndp-nearly-wiped-out-1.1335279">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BNN+Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Liberals%2C+Bloc+Quebecois+split+Quebec+vote+as+NDP+nearly+wiped+out&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.aulast=Lowrie&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnnbloomberg.ca%2Fliberals-bloc-quebecois-split-quebec-vote-as-ndp-nearly-wiped-out-1.1335279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Democratic+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/6062299/ndp-loss-in-seats-federal-election/">What the NDP's drop in seats means for the party</a>, Global News, October 22, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/can-the-ndp-take-credit-for-improving-pandemic-benefits-1.5552602">Can the NDP take credit for improving pandemic benefits?</a> CTV News, August 18, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-election-night-2021-1.6183033">NDP projected to make minor gains in Jagmeet Singh's 2nd election as party leader</a>, CBC News, September 21. 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-mountain-1.6185269">NDPer Malcolm Allen concedes, Liberal Lisa Hepfner becomes new Hamilton Mountain MP</a>, CBC News, September 22, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/st-johns-east-results-2021-1.6183143">Liberals flip St. John's East (federal electoral district)|St. John's East, as Conservatives look to claim Coast of Bays-Central-Notre Dame</a>, CBC News, September 21, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/video/8211099/meet-the-new-parliament-same-as-the-old-parliament">Meet the new parliament, same as the old parliament</a>, Global News, September 21, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberals-ndp-agree-to-confidence-deal-seeing-trudeau-government-maintain-power-until-2025-1.5829116">"Liberals, NDP agree to confidence deal seeing Trudeau government maintain power until 2025"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a></i>. 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_New_Democratic_Party" title="Alberta New Democratic Party">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_New_Democratic_Party" title="British Columbia New Democratic Party">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_New_Democratic_Party" title="New Brunswick New Democratic Party">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_New_Democratic_Party" title="Newfoundland and Labrador New Democratic Party">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_New_Democratic_Party" title="Nova Scotia New Democratic Party">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="New Democratic Party of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_New_Democratic_Party" title="Yukon New Democratic Party">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Manitoba_Section)" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Manitoba Section)">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation_(Ontario_Section)" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section)">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_social_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Parti social démocratique du Québec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_de_la_d%C3%A9mocratie_socialiste" title="Parti de la démocratie socialiste">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_New_Democratic_Party" title="Metro New Democratic Party">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/50px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/75px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg/100px-Maple_leaf_--_NDP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Woodsworth" title="J. S. Woodsworth">Woodsworth</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._J._Coldwell" title="M. J. Coldwell">Coldwell</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazen_Argue" title="Hazen Argue">Argue</a> (CCF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Broadbent" title="Ed Broadbent">Broadbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_McLaughlin" title="Audrey McLaughlin">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexa_McDonough" title="Alexa McDonough">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Mulcair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_leadership_elections" title="New Democratic Party leadership elections">Leadership elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 New Democratic Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1971 New Democratic Party leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1975 New Democratic Party leadership election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 New Democratic Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="1995 New Democratic Party leadership election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 New Democratic Party leadership election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 New Democratic Party leadership election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">2017</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary election<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates,_2004_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party candidates, 2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_39th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 39th Parliament of Canada">Layton I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_40th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_41st_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Parliament of Canada">Layton/Turmel/Mulcair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_42nd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 42nd Parliament of Canada">Mulcair/Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_43rd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 43rd Parliament of Canada">Singh II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_44th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_CCF/NDP_members" title="List of CCF/NDP members">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_New_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the New Democratic Party">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Democratic_Party_members_of_parliament" title="List of New Democratic Party members of parliament">Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NDP_members_of_provincial_and_territorial_assemblies" title="List of NDP members of provincial and territorial assemblies">Members of provincial/territorial assemblies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Alberta_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Alberta CCF/NDP members">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_CCF/NDP_members" title="List of British Columbia CCF/NDP members">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Saskatchewan_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Saskatchewan CCF/NDP members">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Manitoba_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Manitoba CCF/NDP members">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Ontario_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Ontario CCF/NDP members">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Nova_Scotia_CCF/NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Nova Scotia CCF/NDP members">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_about_Yukon_NDP_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of articles about Yukon NDP members">Yukon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Waffle" title="The Waffle">The Waffle</a> (1969–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Caucus" title="Left Caucus">Left Caucus</a> (1979–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_Socialist_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus">Socialist Caucus</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Politics_Initiative" title="New Politics Initiative">New Politics Initiative</a> (2001–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key documents and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Creation of <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a> (1924)</li> <li>Founding of <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Manifesto" title="Regina Manifesto">Regina Manifesto</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Declaration" title="Winnipeg Declaration">Winnipeg Declaration</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_of_Principles_(NDP)" title="Statement of Principles (NDP)">Statement of Principles</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Labour_Congress" title="Canadian Labour Congress">Canadian Labour Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_Democratic_Party" title="History of the New Democratic Party">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive Party/United Farmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Labour candidates and parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Canada)" title="New Party (Canada)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Young_New_Democrats" title="Canada's Young New Democrats">Canada's Young New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Youth_of_Alberta" title="New Democratic Youth of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Youth" title="Ontario New Democratic Youth">Ontario</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Manifesto" title="Leap Manifesto">Leap Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Quebec" title="New Democratic Party of Quebec">New Democratic Party of Quebec</a> (not affiliated)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_political_parties_and_parliamentary_groups_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_political_parties" title="Template:Canadian federal political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_political_parties" title="Template talk:Canadian federal political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_political_parties_and_parliamentary_groups_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of federal political parties in Canada">Federal political parties and parliamentary groups in Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> (153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (119)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> (33)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Democratic</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (4)</li> <li>Vacant (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Senators_Group" title="Independent Senators Group">Independent Senators Group</a></i> (41)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Senators_Group" title="Canadian Senators Group">Canadian Senators Group</a></i> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Non-affiliated</a> (15)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Senate_Group" title="Progressive Senate Group">Progressive Senate Group</a></i> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada#Senate_Caucus" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (12)</li> <li>Vacant (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other registered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Party_of_Canada" title="Centrist Party of Canada">Centrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Party_Canada" title="Free Party Canada">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Future_Party" title="Canadian Future Party">Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Party_(Canada)" title="Marijuana Party (Canada)">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maverick_Party" title="Maverick Party">Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable <br />historical parties<br /> and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Confederation_Party" title="Anti-Confederation Party">Anti-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_populaire" title="Bloc populaire">Bloc populaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Representative_Caucus" title="Democratic Representative Caucus">Democratic Representative Caucus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Group" title="Ginger Group">Ginger Group</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_candidates_and_parties_in_Canada" title="Labour candidates and parties in Canada">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-Progressive_Party" title="Labor-Progressive Party">Labor-Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Canada)" title="New Democracy (Canada)">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Party of Canada">Progressive/United Farmers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Québec debout</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralliement_cr%C3%A9ditiste" title="Ralliement créditiste">Ralliement créditiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Party_of_Canada" title="Reconstruction Party of Canada">Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senate_Liberal_Caucus" title="Senate Liberal Caucus">Senate Liberal Caucus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">Social Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Unionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(Canada)" title="Unity (Canada)">Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">parliamentary group</a> that acts as a party in the legislature, but does not contest elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130765#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130765#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130765#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123862625">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/3015782-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119640122">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119640122">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90974365">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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