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<li id="toc-Creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_growth_and_post-Civil_War_dormancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_growth_and_post-Civil_War_dormancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early growth and post-Civil War dormancy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_growth_and_post-Civil_War_dormancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twentieth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twentieth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Twentieth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twentieth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Advocacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Administrative officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sections_of_the_AAAS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sections_of_the_AAAS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Sections of the AAAS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sections_of_the_AAAS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Affiliates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiliates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>The Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Board of directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AAAS_Fellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AAAS_Fellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>AAAS Fellows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AAAS_Fellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Meetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_Policy_Fellowships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_Policy_Fellowships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and Policy Fellowships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_Policy_Fellowships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and Policy Fellowships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_Policy_Fellowships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Currently_active_awards_include" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currently_active_awards_include"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Currently active awards include</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currently_active_awards_include-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SciLine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SciLine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>SciLine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SciLine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EurekAlert!" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EurekAlert!"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>EurekAlert!</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EurekAlert!-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">American Association for the Advancement of Science</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="الجمعية الأمريكية لتقدم العلوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمعية الأمريكية لتقدم العلوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos_pa_la_Meyora_de_la_Ciencia" title="Asociación d'Estaos Xuníos pa la Meyora de la Ciencia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asociación d'Estaos Xuníos pa la Meyora de la Ciencia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D1%8E_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Амерыканская асацыяцыя садзейнічання развіццю навукі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амерыканская асацыяцыя садзейнічання развіццю навукі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associaci%C3%B3_americana_per_l%27avan%C3%A7_de_la_ci%C3%A8ncia" title="Associació americana per l'avanç de la ciència – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Associació americana per l'avanç de la ciència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="American Association for the Advancement of Science" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Estadounidense_para_el_Avance_de_la_Ciencia" title="Asociación Estadounidense para el Avance de la Ciencia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asociación Estadounidense para el Avance de la Ciencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_Asocio_por_la_Altniveligo_de_Scienco" title="Usona Asocio por la Altniveligo de Scienco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona Asocio por la Altniveligo de Scienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="انجمن پیشبرد علوم آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجمن پیشبرد علوم آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_am%C3%A9ricaine_pour_l%27avancement_des_sciences" title="Association américaine pour l'avancement des sciences – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Association américaine pour l'avancement des sciences" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%A7%84%ED%9D%A5_%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C" title="미국 과학 진흥 협회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 과학 진흥 협회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="American Association for the Advancement of Science" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="American Association for the Advancement of Science" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="American Association for the Advancement of Science" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="الجمعيه الامريكيه لتقدم العلوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمعيه الامريكيه لتقدم العلوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_Amerika_untuk_Kemajuan_Sains" title="Persatuan Amerika untuk Kemajuan Sains – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persatuan Amerika untuk Kemajuan Sains" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="American Association for the Advancement of Science" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8C%AF%E8%88%88%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="アメリカ科学振興協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ科学振興協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="American Association for the Advancement of Science" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="American Association for the Advancement of Science" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Americana_para_o_Avan%C3%A7o_da_Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Associação Americana para o Avanço da Ciência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Американская ассоциация содействия развитию науки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американская ассоциация содействия развитию науки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_asoci%C3%A1cia_pre_rozvoj_vedy" title="Americká asociácia pre rozvoj vedy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Americká asociácia pre rozvoj vedy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" 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data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="American Association for the Advancement of Science" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International nonprofit organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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Advancing science, serving society" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science.svg/220px-American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science.svg/330px-American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science.svg/440px-American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="169" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">AAAS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Triple-A S </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">September 20, 1848<span class="noprint"> (176 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1848-09-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_education" title="Science education">Science education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_outreach" title="Science outreach">outreach</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Golden_Center_for_Science_and_Engineering" title="William T. Golden Center for Science and Engineering">William T. Golden Center for Science and Engineering</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Members </div></th><td class="infobox-data">120,000+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaas.org">www<wbr />.aaas<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40358#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Association of American Geologists and Naturalists</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Assoc._for_the_Advancement_of_Science_by_Matthew_Bisanz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/American_Assoc._for_the_Advancement_of_Science_by_Matthew_Bisanz.JPG/220px-American_Assoc._for_the_Advancement_of_Science_by_Matthew_Bisanz.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/American_Assoc._for_the_Advancement_of_Science_by_Matthew_Bisanz.JPG/330px-American_Assoc._for_the_Advancement_of_Science_by_Matthew_Bisanz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/American_Assoc._for_the_Advancement_of_Science_by_Matthew_Bisanz.JPG/440px-American_Assoc._for_the_Advancement_of_Science_by_Matthew_Bisanz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Washington, D.C., office of the AAAS.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>American Association for the Advancement of Science</b> (<b>AAAS</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>-based international nonprofit with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a>, defending <a href="/wiki/Scientific_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific freedom">scientific freedom</a>, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting <a href="/wiki/Science_education" title="Science education">scientific education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_outreach" title="Science outreach">science outreach</a> for the betterment of all humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AAAS was the first permanent organization established to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the world's largest general scientific society, with over 120,000 members,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The American Association for the Advancement of Science was created on September 20, 1848, at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Natural Sciences">Academy of Natural Sciences</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. It was a reformation of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists with the broadened mission to be the first permanent organization to promote science and engineering nationally and to represent the interests of American researchers from across all scientific fields<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The society chose <a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Redfield" title="William Charles Redfield">William Charles Redfield</a> as their first president<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because he had proposed the most comprehensive plans for the organization. According to the first constitution which was agreed to at the September 20 meeting, the goal of the society was to promote scientific dialogue in order to allow for greater scientific collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By doing so, the association aimed to use resources to conduct science with increased efficiency and allow for scientific progress at a greater rate.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The association also sought to increase the resources available to the scientific community through active advocacy of science. There were only 78 members when the AAAS was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Almanac_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almanac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a member of the new scientific body, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Fontaine_Maury" title="Matthew Fontaine Maury">Matthew Fontaine Maury</a>, <a href="/wiki/USN" class="mw-redirect" title="USN">USN</a> was one of those who attended the first 1848 meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a meeting held on Friday afternoon, September 22, 1848, Redfield presided, and Matthew Fontaine Maury gave a full scientific report on his <i>Wind and Current Charts</i>. Maury stated that hundreds of ship navigators were now sending abstract logs of their voyages to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory" title="United States Naval Observatory">United States Naval Observatory</a>. He added, "Never before was such a corps of observers known."<sup id="cite_ref-Almanac_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almanac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">But, he pointed out to his fellow scientists, his critical need was for more "simultaneous observations". "The work," Maury stated, "is not exclusively for the benefit of any nation or age". The minutes of the AAAS meeting reveal that because of the universality of this "view on the subject, it was suggested whether the states of Christendom might not be induced to cooperate with their Navies in the undertaking; at least so far as to cause abstracts of their log-books and sea journals to be furnished to Matthew F. Maury, USN, at the Naval Observatory at <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>."</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Barton_Rogers" title="William Barton Rogers">William Barton Rogers</a>, professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> and later founder of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, offered a resolution: "Resolved that a Committee of five be appointed to address a memorial to the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the navy">Secretary of the Navy</a>, requesting his further aid in procuring for Matthew Maury the use of the observations of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> and other foreign navigators, for the extension and perfecting of his charts of winds and currents." The resolution was adopted and, in addition to Rogers, the following members of the association were appointed to the committee: Professor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a> of Washington; Professor Benjamin Peirce of Cambridge, Massachusetts; Professor James H. Coffin of Easton, Pennsylvania, and Professor Stephen Alexander of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a>, New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was scientific cooperation, and Maury went back to Washington with great hopes for the future. </p><p>In 1850, the first female members were accepted: <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entomology" title="Entomology">entomologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaretta_Morris" title="Margaretta Morris">Margaretta Morris</a>. Science educator <a href="/wiki/Almira_Hart_Lincoln_Phelps" class="mw-redirect" title="Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps">Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps</a> was elected in 1859. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_growth_and_post-Civil_War_dormancy">Early growth and post-Civil War dormancy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early growth and post-Civil War dormancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1860, membership increased to over 2,000. Although the AAAS became dormant during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (their August 1861 meeting in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, was postponed indefinitely after the outbreak of the first major engagement of the war at <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">Bull Run</a>), the association recovered after the end of the hostilities.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1866, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Porter_Barnard" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard">Frederick Barnard</a> presided over the first meeting of the resurrected AAAS at a meeting in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Following the revival of the AAAS, the group had considerable growth. The AAAS permitted all people, regardless of scientific credentials, to join. The AAAS did, however, institute a policy of granting the title of "<a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_AAAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the AAAS">Fellow of the AAAS</a>" to well-respected scientists within the organization. </p><p>At the same time, the recovered AAAS faced competition from several newly established <a href="/wiki/Learned_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Learned societies">learned societies</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (founded in 1863), the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> (1876), <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Institute_of_America" title="Archaeological Institute of America">Archaeological Institute of America</a> (1879), <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Language Association</a> (1883), <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a>(1884), <a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_America" title="Geological Society of America">Geological Society of America</a> (1888), <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> (1888), <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> (1899), which drew away some of AAAS members. Also, the reputation of the AAAS was somewhat tarnished, because its 3rd president <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dallas_Bache" title="Alexander Dallas Bache">Alexander Dallas Bache</a> used the Society as a lobbying tool for his agency, the <a href="/wiki/US_Coast_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="US Coast Survey">US Coast Survey</a>. Several prominent scientists lost interest in the AAAS, and the society's influence declined.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twentieth_century">Twentieth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Twentieth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about literally anything that happened after ca. year 2002.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Talk:American Association for the Advancement of Science">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The next turning point in the AAS history was the partnership with journal <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>, which became the society's official publication in 1900,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provided the AAAS with some revenue through subscription and advertising. The AAAS become the sole owner of <i>Science</i> in 1946. The post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_science" title="Big science">big science</a>, driven by major scientific and technical breakthroughs (such as <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">space flight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obninsk_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant">nuclear power</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_molecular_biology" title="History of molecular biology">discovery</a> of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>) brought in an increased public interest in science in the USA, and thus growing sales of the journal, which were further multiplied by shrewd businesses decisions by its editors <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dael_Wolfle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dael Wolfle (page does not exist)">Dael Wolfle</a> (1954-1970) and <a href="/wiki/William_D._Carey" title="William D. Carey">William D. Carey</a> (1974-1985).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another important event for the society was the establishment of its Congressional Fellowship program<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1973, which was kick-started by a US$10,000 donation from <a href="/wiki/William_T._Golden" title="William T. Golden">William T. Golden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advocacy">Advocacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Advocacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alan_I._Leshner" title="Alan I. Leshner">Alan I. Leshner</a>, AAAS CEO from 2001 until 2015, published many op-ed articles discussing how many people integrate science and religion in their lives. He has opposed the insertion of non-scientific content, such as <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">creationism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">intelligent design</a>, into the scientific curriculum of schools.<sup id="cite_ref-shreveport_times_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shreveport_times-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-times_picayune_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times_picayune-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-akron_beacon-journal_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akron_beacon-journal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chronicle_review_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chronicle_review-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2006, the AAAS adopted an official statement on <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, in which they stated, "The scientific evidence is clear: global climate change caused by human activities is occurring now, and it is a growing threat to society....The pace of change and the evidence of harm have increased markedly over the last five years. The time to control <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> is now."<sup id="cite_ref-aaas_board_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaas_board-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2007, the AAAS used <a href="/wiki/Satellite_imagery" title="Satellite imagery">satellite images</a> to document <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> abuses in <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, AAAS launched the Center for Science Diplomacy to advance both science and the broader relationships among partner countries, by promoting <a href="/wiki/Science_diplomacy" title="Science diplomacy">science diplomacy</a> and international scientific cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, AAAS published op-eds,<sup id="cite_ref-bradenton_herald_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradenton_herald-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> held events on <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a> and released analyses of the U.S. federal research-and-development budget, to warn that a budget sequestration would have severe consequences for scientific progress.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sciences">Sciences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AAAS covers various areas<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of sciences and engineering. It has 24 sections, each with a committee and its chair.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These committees are also entrusted with the annual evaluation and selection of <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science">Fellows</a>. The sections are: </p> <ul><li>Agriculture, Food & <a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable resource">Renewable Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li>Astronomy</li> <li>Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Biological Sciences</a></li> <li>Chemistry</li> <li>Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences</li> <li>Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li>General Interest in Science and Engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a> and Geography</li> <li>History and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of Science">Philosophy of Science</a></li> <li>Industrial Science and Technology</li> <li>Information, Computing, and Communication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Language_Sciences" title="Language Sciences">Language Sciences</a></li> <li>Mathematics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medical Sciences</a></li> <li>Neuroscience</li> <li>Pharmaceutical Sciences</li> <li>Physics</li> <li>Psychology</li> <li>Social, Economic, and Political Sciences</li> <li>Societal Impacts of Science and Engineering</li> <li>Statistics</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Officials_of_the_AAS_in_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Officials_of_the_AAS_in_1947.jpg/220px-Officials_of_the_AAS_in_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Officials_of_the_AAS_in_1947.jpg/330px-Officials_of_the_AAS_in_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Officials_of_the_AAS_in_1947.jpg/440px-Officials_of_the_AAS_in_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="829" /></a><figcaption>AAAS officers and senior officials in 1947. Left to right, standing: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ware_Sinnott" title="Edmund Ware Sinnott">Sinnott</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Baitsell" title="George Alfred Baitsell">Baitsell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernandus_Payne" title="Fernandus Payne">Payne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Lark-Horovitz" title="Karl Lark-Horovitz">Lark-Horovitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Richard_Miles" title="Walter Richard Miles">Miles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvin_Charles_Stakman" class="mw-redirect" title="Elvin Charles Stakman">Stakman</a>, sitting: <a href="/wiki/Anton_Julius_Carlson" title="Anton Julius Carlson">Carlson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirtley_Fletcher_Mather" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirtley Fletcher Mather">Mather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest_Ray_Moulton" title="Forest Ray Moulton">Moulton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Shapley</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most recent Constitution of the AAAS, enacted on January 1, 1973, establishes that the governance of the AAAS is accomplished through four entities: a President, a group of administrative officers, a Council, and a board of directors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science">President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science</a></div> <p>Individuals elected to the presidency of the AAAS hold a three-year term in a unique way. The first year is spent as <a href="/wiki/President-elect" class="mw-redirect" title="President-elect">president-elect</a>, the second as <a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a> and the third as <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairperson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a>. In accordance with the convention followed by the AAAS, presidents are referenced by the year in which they left office. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_L._Richmond" title="Geraldine L. Richmond">Geraldine Richmond</a> is the president of AAAS for 2015–16; <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Sharp</a> is the board chair; and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_A._Schaal" title="Barbara A. Schaal">Barbara A. Schaal</a> is the president-elect.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each took office on the last day of the 2015 AAAS Annual Meeting in February 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the last day of the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting, February 15, 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richmond will become the chair, Schaal will become the president, and a new president-elect will take office. </p><p>Past presidents of AAAS have included some of the most important scientific figures of their time. Among them: explorer and geologist <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Powell" title="John Wesley Powell">John Wesley Powell</a> (1888); astronomer and physicist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edward Charles Pickering</a> (1912); anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a> (1975); and biologist <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a> (2000). </p><p><b>Notable presidents of the AAAS, 1848–2005</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>1849: Joseph Henry</li> <li>1871: <a href="/wiki/Asa_Gray" title="Asa Gray">Asa Gray</a></li> <li>1877: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a></li> <li>1880: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lovering" title="Joseph Lovering">Joseph Lovering</a></li> <li>1882: <a href="/wiki/J._William_Dawson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. William Dawson">J. William Dawson</a></li> <li>1886: <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Morse" title="Edward S. Morse">Edward S. Morse</a></li> <li>1887: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pierpont_Langley" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Pierpont Langley">Samuel P. Langley</a></li> <li>1888: John Wesley Powell</li> <li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sedgwick_Minot" title="Charles Sedgwick Minot">Charles Sedgwick Minot</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Arthur Amos Noyes</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Millikan">Robert A. Millikan</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward L. Thorndike</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur H. Compton</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Kirtley_F._Mather" title="Kirtley F. Mather">Kirtley F. Mather</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_officers">Administrative officers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administrative officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three classifications of high-level administrative officials that execute the basic, daily functions of the AAAS. These are the <a href="/wiki/Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">executive officer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treasurer" title="Treasurer">treasurer</a> and then each of the AAAS's section secretaries. The current CEO of AAAS and executive publisher of <i>Science</i> magazine is Sudip Parikh.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current Editor in Chief of Science magazine is Holden Thorp.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sections_of_the_AAAS">Sections of the AAAS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sections of the AAAS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The AAAS has 24 "sections" with each section being responsible for a particular concern of the AAAS. There are sections for <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, anthropology, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_science" title="Atmospheric science">atmospheric science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biological_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological science">biological science</a>, chemistry, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, engineering, general interest in science and engineering, geology and <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">history</a> and philosophy of science, <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, linguistics, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical science">medical science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical science">pharmaceutical science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, science and human rights, <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>, the social impact of science and engineering, and <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Affiliates">Affiliates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Affiliates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AAAS affiliates include 262 societies and <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Sciences">academies of science</a>, serving more than 10 million members, from the <a href="/wiki/Acoustical_Society_of_America" title="Acoustical Society of America">Acoustical Society of America</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife Society">Wildlife Society</a>, as well as non-mainstream groups like the <a href="/wiki/Parapsychological_Association" title="Parapsychological Association">Parapsychological Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Council">The Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Special:EditPage/American Association for the Advancement of Science">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The council is composed of the members of the Board of Directors, the retiring section chairmen, elected delegates and affiliated foreign council members. Among the elected delegates there are always at least two members from the National Academy of Sciences and one from each region of the country. The President of the AAAS serves as the Chairperson of the council. Members serve the council for a term of three years. </p><p>The council meets annually to discuss matters of importance to the AAAS. They have the power to review all activities of the Association, elect new fellows, adopt resolutions, propose amendments to the Association's constitution and bylaws, create new scientific sections, and organize and aid local chapters of the AAAS. The Council recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> has new additions to it from different sections which include many youngsters as well. John Kerry of Chicago is the youngest American in the council and Akhil Ennamsetty of India is the youngest foreign council member. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Board of directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The board of directors is composed of a chairperson, the president, and the president-elect along with eight elected directors, the executive officer of the association and up to two additional directors appointed by elected officers. Members serve a four-year term except for directors appointed by elected officers, who serve three-year terms. </p><p>The current chairman is <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Fink" title="Gerald Fink">Gerald Fink</a>, Margaret and Herman Sokol Professor at Whitehead Institute, MIT. Fink will serve in the post until the end of the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15 February 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Annual_Meeting_Date_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Meeting_Date-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The chairperson is always the immediate past-president of AAAS.) </p><p>The board of directors has a variety of powers and responsibilities. It is charged with the administration of all association funds, publication of a budget, appointment of administrators, proposition of amendments, and determining the time and place of meetings of the national association. The board may also speak publicly on behalf of the association. The board must also regularly correspond with the council to discuss their actions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="AAAS_Fellows">AAAS Fellows</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: AAAS Fellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science">Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science</a></div> <p>The AAAS council elects every year, its members who are distinguished scientifically,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the grade of fellow (<b>FAAAS</b>). Election to AAAS is an honor bestowed by their peers and elected fellows are presented with a certificate and rosette pin. To limit the effects and tolerance of sexual harassment in the sciences, starting 15 October 2018, a Fellow's status can be revoked "in cases of proven scientific misconduct, serious breaches of professional ethics, or when the Fellow in the view of the AAAS otherwise no longer merits the status of Fellow."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meetings">Meetings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Meetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formal meetings of the AAAS are numbered consecutively, starting with the first meeting in 1848. Meetings were not held 1861–1865 during the American Civil War, and also 1942–1943 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Since 1946, one meeting has occurred annually, now customarily in February. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_Policy_Fellowships">Awards and Policy Fellowships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards and Policy Fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each year, the AAAS gives out a number of honorary awards, most of which focus on <a href="/wiki/Science_communication" title="Science communication">science communication</a>, journalism, and outreach – sometimes in partnership with other organizations. The awards recognize "scientists, journalists, and public servants for significant contributions to science and to the public's understanding of science".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The awards are presented each year at the association's annual meeting. </p><p>In addition to the aforementioned <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science">Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science</a> program, AAAS offers a similarly-sounding but completely unrelated <a href="/w/index.php?title=AAAS_Policy_Fellowship_Programs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AAAS Policy Fellowship Programs (page does not exist)">AAAS Policy Fellowship Programs</a>, which provide <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> scientists and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">M.S.</a> engineers with opportunities to serve in the federal government. These policy fellows spend one or two years working for the executive (130 positions), legislative (5 positions) or judicial (1 position) branches. <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currently_active_awards_include">Currently active awards include</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Currently active awards include"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAAS_Award_for_Science_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="AAAS Award for Science Diplomacy">Award for Science and Diplomacy</a></li> <li>Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eppendorf_%26_Science_Prize_for_Neurobiology" class="mw-redirect" title="The Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology">The Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology</a></li> <li>Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Children's Science News</li> <li>Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Magazine</li> <li>Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Newspapers (< 100,000 daily circulation)</li> <li>Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Newspapers (> 100,000 daily circulation)</li> <li>Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Online</li> <li>Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Radio</li> <li>Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Television</li> <li>Leadership in Science Education Prize for High School Teachers</li> <li>Marion Milligan Mason Award: Women in the Chemical Sciences</li> <li>Mani L. Bhaumik Award for Public Engagement with Science (previously AAAS Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology, established 1987)</li> <li>Mentor Award</li> <li>Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_Cleveland_Prize" title="Newcomb Cleveland Prize">Newcomb Cleveland Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAAS_Philip_Hauge_Abelson_Prize" title="AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize">Philip Hauge Abelson Prize</a></li> <li>Public Engagement with Science Award</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAAS_Award_for_Scientific_Freedom_and_Responsibility" title="AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility">Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award</a></li> <li>John McGovern Lecture</li> <li>William D. Carey Lecture</li> <li>Golden Goose Award</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society's flagship publication is <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>, a weekly interdisciplinary <a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">scientific journal</a>. Other <a href="/wiki/Peer-reviewed" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer-reviewed">peer-reviewed</a> journals published by the AAAS in the "<i>Science</i> family of journals" are <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Signaling" title="Science Signaling">Science Signaling</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Translational_Medicine" title="Science Translational Medicine">Science Translational Medicine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Immunology" title="Science Immunology">Science Immunology</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Robotics" title="Science Robotics">Science Robotics</a></i> and the interdisciplinary <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Advances" title="Science Advances">Science Advances</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also publish the non-peer-reviewed <i><a href="/wiki/Science_%26_Diplomacy" title="Science & Diplomacy">Science & Diplomacy</a></i>. The society previously published the review journal <i>Science Books & Films</i> (SB&F). AAAS also publishes on behalf of other organizations through the Science Partner Journals (SPJ) program, with a focus on online-only open access journals.<sup id="cite_ref-SPJ_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPJ-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SciLine">SciLine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: SciLine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SciLine is a philanthropically funded and editorially independent service for journalists and scientists.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its launch was announced in an October 27, 2017 article in <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by founding director Rick Weiss, former communications chief at the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">White House Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> and science reporter at the <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its stated mission is to increase the amount and quality of research-backed evidence in news stories by connecting U.S. journalists to scientists and to validated scientific information.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reporters in the United States can access SciLine's services, which include expert-matching, general media briefings, expert quote sheets, and quick fact sheets. As of July 2021, SciLine had fulfilled approximately 2,000 requests from 650 journalists through its expert-matching service.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SciLine's financial supporters include the Quadrivium Foundation, the <a href="/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Knight_Foundation" title="Knight Foundation">John S. and James L. Knight Foundation</a>, the Rita Allen Foundation, and the <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Endowments" title="Heinz Endowments">Heinz Endowments</a>. AAAS provides in-kind support.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EurekAlert!"><span id="EurekAlert.21"></span>EurekAlert!</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: EurekAlert!"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-wired_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AAAS launched the <b>EurekAlert!</b> website, an editorially independent nonprofit news release distribution service<sup id="cite_ref-facebook.com_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebook.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> covering all areas of science, medicine and technology.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kie_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kie-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EurekAlert! provides news in English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Japanese,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kie_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kie-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, from 2007, in Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-aaas_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaas-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Working staff journalists and freelancers who meet eligibility guidelines can access the latest studies before publication and obtain embargoed information in compliance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's <a href="/wiki/Regulation_Fair_Disclosure" title="Regulation Fair Disclosure">Regulation Fair Disclosure</a> policy.<sup id="cite_ref-shi_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shi-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early 2018, more than 14,000 reporters from more than 90 countries have registered for free access to embargoed materials. More than 5,000 active public information officers from 2,300 universities, academic journals, government agencies, and medical centers are credentialed to provide new releases to reporters and the public through the system.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aaas_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaas-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-facebook.com_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebook.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, European science organizations countered Eurekalert! with a press release distribution service <a href="/wiki/AlphaGalileo" title="AlphaGalileo">AlphaGalileo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kie_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kie-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>EurekAlert! has fallen under criticism for lack of press release standards<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for generating <a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">churnalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAAS_Award_for_Scientific_Freedom_and_Responsibility" title="AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility">AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="British Association for the Advancement of Science">British Association for the Advancement of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuroScience" title="EuroScience">EuroScience</a>, the European equivalent of the AAAS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Postdoctoral_Association" title="National Postdoctoral Association">National Postdoctoral Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(Bakalar)" title="Renaissance (Bakalar)">Renaissance</a></i>, sculpture outside the AAAS headquarters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAGE_KE" title="SAGE KE">SAGE KE</a>, Science of Aging Knowledge Environment, provided by AAAS</li> <li><i>Science</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/STKE" class="mw-redirect" title="STKE">STKE</a>, Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment, provided by AAAS</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aaas.org/about/mission-and-history">"About AAAS"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2010/01/11/adapting-to-the-new-ecosystem-of-science-journalism/">the original</a> on January 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Phenomena&rft.atitle=Adapting+to+the+new+ecosystem+of+science+journalism&rft.date=2010-01-11&rft.aulast=Yong&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphenomena.nationalgeographic.com%2F2010%2F01%2F11%2Fadapting-to-the-new-ecosystem-of-science-journalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoi2012" class="citation news cs1">Choi, Charles Q. (January 24, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/assignment-impossible/from-the-writers-desk-the-dangers-of-press-releases/">"From the Writer s Desk: The Dangers of Press Releases"</a>. <i>Scientific American Blog Network</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American+Blog+Network&rft.atitle=From+the+Writer+s+Desk%3A+The+Dangers+of+Press+Releases&rft.date=2012-01-24&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Charles+Q.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.scientificamerican.com%2Fassignment-impossible%2Ffrom-the-writers-desk-the-dangers-of-press-releases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipman2014" class="citation news cs1">Shipman, Matt (April 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencecommunicationbreakdown.wordpress.com/2014/04/16/the-news-release-dead/">"The News Release Is Dead, Long Live the News Release"</a>. <i>Science Communication Breakdown</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Communication+Breakdown&rft.atitle=The+News+Release+Is+Dead%2C+Long+Live+the+News+Release&rft.date=2014-04-16&rft.aulast=Shipman&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciencecommunicationbreakdown.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F04%2F16%2Fthe-news-release-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/Science-Notebook/2016/0916/Why-science-reporters-were-thrown-for-a-loop-this-week">"Why science reporters were thrown for a loop this week"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. September 16, 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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