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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>dorsal tegmental nucleus</b> (<b>DTN</b>), also known as <b>dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden</b>, is a group of <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">brainstem</a>, which are involved in <a href="/wiki/Spatial_navigation" title="Spatial navigation">spatial navigation</a> and orientation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomy">Anatomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dorsal tegmental nucleus is located in the brain stem near the midline. Two nuclei exist in both hemispheres. The DTN is generally subdivided into four parts called partes centralis, ventromedialis, anterior, and posterior.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid226566_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid226566-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DTN contains a dense population of GABAergic cells.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2504784_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2504784-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid8118685_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8118685-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the rat, few also express <a href="/wiki/Calbindin" title="Calbindin">calbindin</a> (CB) or <a href="/wiki/Calretinin" title="Calretinin">calretinin</a> (CR). Many of the DTN GABAergic cells do express <a href="/wiki/Parvalbumin" title="Parvalbumin">parvalbumin</a> (PV) with the densest expression in the pars ventralis portion.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26300741_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26300741-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid21830220_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21830220-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DTN neurons in rats contain small number of <a href="/wiki/Neuropeptide_Y" title="Neuropeptide Y">neuropeptide Y</a> positive (NPY) neurons implicating a role in hunger and feeding. In rats, the DTN contains a small number of <a href="/wiki/Enkephalin" title="Enkephalin">enkephalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substance_p" class="mw-redirect" title="Substance p">substance p</a>, and glutamatergic neurons which project to mammillary.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10223311_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10223311-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circuitry">Circuitry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Circuitry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Papez_circuit" title="Papez circuit">Papez circuit</a>, the DTN receives input from habenula neurons <sup id="cite_ref-pmid226566_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid226566-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lateral mammillary neurons.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1776707_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1776707-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DTN especially the central part of the DTN receives projections from the G-protein coupled receptor GPR151 containing habenula neurons.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25116430_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25116430-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pars centralis of the DTN receives input from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prepositus_hypoglossi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prepositus hypoglossi (page does not exist)">prepositus hypoglossi</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supragenualis_nucleus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supragenualis nucleus (page does not exist)">supragenualis nucleus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid6434154_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6434154-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pars ventromedialis of the DTN receives inputs from </p> <ul><li>the septal nuclei,</li> <li>diagonal band of Broca,</li> <li>preoptic area,</li> <li>anterior and lateral hypothalamus,</li> <li>lateral and medial habenular nuclei,</li> <li>medial mammillary nucleus and</li> <li>brainstem reticular formation <sup id="cite_ref-pmid6434154_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6434154-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Projections">Projections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Projections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dorsal tegmental fibres project to </p> <ul><li>lateral mammillary neurons (LMN) <sup id="cite_ref-pmid26300741_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26300741-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2504784_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2504784-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid8118685_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8118685-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid21830220_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21830220-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>dorsal noradrenergic bundle <sup id="cite_ref-pmid964341_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid964341-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>nuclei medialis profundus</li> <li>centralis superior,</li> <li>the tegmental reticular nucleus,</li> <li>the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, and</li> <li>the posterior hypothalamic nucleus. The nucleus is a major synaptic station for the pathways of the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus between the diencephalon and lower brain stem <sup id="cite_ref-pmid13772534_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid13772534-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>DTN is a major source of fibers in the mammillary peduncle. Rostral DTN cells that project to the LMN are localized within pars dorsalis and caudal cells that project to the LMN are located in the pars ventralis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This nucleus is involved in landmark and directional navigation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23731069_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23731069-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subpopulations of DTN neurons respond differently to changes in angular head velocity (AHV) and head direction (HD).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11466446_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11466446-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11439447_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11439447-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17341158_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17341158-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17626218_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17626218-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cells respond to changes in head movement in specific directions such as to the left, right, or both. The firing activity of these cells are also affected by the speed of the movement of the head as well. DTN lesions permanently impaired landmark navigation, but only transiently impaired directional navigation. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid226566-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid226566_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid226566_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite 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