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href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Ligurian on Wikipedia.</b><div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Ligurian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help talk:IPA/Ligurian">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:IPA-LIJ"></span><span id="H:IPALIJ"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-LIJ&redirect=no">H:IPA-LIJ</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPALIJ&redirect=no">H:IPALIJ</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Ligurian</div> <p>The charts below show how the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> represents <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_language" title="Ligurian language">Ligurian</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. </p> <table style="background: none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>b</b>ödisson, <b>B</b>àr<b>b</b>oa </td> <td><b>b</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span></big> </td> <td>ve<b>dd</b>ro, ca<b>d</b>ello </td> <td><b>d</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-col_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-col-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>gi</b>anco, on<b>gi</b>a, <b>gi</b>ærâva </td> <td><b>J</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span></big> </td> <td>coni<b>ggi</b>o, fi<b>gg</b>eu, muâ<b>gi</b>a </td> <td><b>J</b>ill <i>or</i> bi<b>lli</b>on<sup id="cite_ref-periph_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span></big> </td> <td>sa<b>f</b>ran, <b>f</b>eliçitæ, stu<b>ff</b>a </td> <td><b>f</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span></big> </td> <td>pre<b>gh</b>êa, më<b>g</b>o, <b>g</b>re<b>g</b>â </td> <td><b>g</b>rill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></big> </td> <td>an<b>ch</b>eu, <b>c</b>redensa, <b>q</b>uæxi </td> <td>s<b>k</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>l</b>ann-a, ga<b>ll</b>o </td> <td><b>l</b>id </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>m</b>ënda, fa<b>mm</b>e </td> <td><b>m</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></big> </td> <td>pi<b>nn</b>a, <b>n</b>uâ </td> <td><b>n</b>est </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span></big> </td> <td>fæ<b>nn-</b>a, do<b>nn-</b>o<sup id="cite_ref-nasal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>n</b>est <i>or</i> ri<b>ng</b><sup id="cite_ref-periph_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span></big> </td> <td>te<b>n</b>po, savo<b>n</b>, gia<b>n</b>da<sup id="cite_ref-nasal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ri<b>ng</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span></big> </td> <td>â<b>gn</b>a, sci<b>gn</b>ôro </td> <td>o<b>ni</b>on </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></big> </td> <td>ca<b>p</b>riççi, <b>p</b>ä<b>p</b>êto </td> <td>s<b>p</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ing<b>r</b>eize, <b>r</b>ebelêa, spa<b>r</b>mâ </td> <td>a<b>t</b>om (<i><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></i>) <i>or</i> ba<b>rr</b>el<sup id="cite_ref-periph_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>s</b>êuxoo, pa<b>ç</b>ien<b>s</b>a, pasti<b>çç</b>ê, ni<b>ss</b>êua </td> <td><b>s</b>ell </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td>pe<b>s</b>còu, pa<b>s</b>tiççê, <b>s</b>fròuxo </td> <td><b>s</b>ell <i>or</i> <b>sh</b>ell<sup id="cite_ref-periph_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>sci</b>ô, lé<b>sc</b>ico, <b>sc</b>erpa </td> <td><b>sh</b>ell </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></span></big> </td> <td>çi<b>tt</b>æ, <b>t</b>öa, roê<b>t</b>a </td> <td>s<b>t</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td>mas<b>cci</b>o, o<b>ci</b>âli, <b>c</b>êuve </td> <td><b>ch</b>ill </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span></big> </td> <td>le<b>v</b>òu, <b>v</b>ailezzo </td> <td><b>v</b>eal </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>z</b>enéi<b>z</b>e, ma<b>zz</b>o, spo<b>z</b>oéi </td> <td><b>z</b>eal </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span></big> </td> <td>de<b>s</b>mentegâ, a<b>s</b>basciâ, de<b>s</b>lengoâse </td> <td><b>z</b>eal <i>or</i> lei<b>s</b>ure<sup id="cite_ref-periph_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span></big> </td> <td>bâ<b>x</b>o, sci<b>x</b>èrboa, chi<b>x</b>ê<b>x</b>imo </td> <td>lei<b>s</b>ure </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span></big> </td> <td>scciapeu<b>i</b>a, le<b>i</b>tûga, z<b>i</b>àrdoa, soc<b>j</b>êtæ </td> <td><b>y</b>oung </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></big> </td> <td>æg<b>o</b>a, ciammò<b>u</b>, q<b>u</b>âgia </td> <td><b>w</b>ell </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a><sup id="cite_ref-stressvow_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stressvow-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><small><a href="/wiki/Short_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Short vowel">Short vowels</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></span></big> </td> <td>mäveggi<b>a</b>, b<b>a</b>b<b>à</b>, gr<b>a</b>sso </td> <td>b<b>a</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>e</b>brêo, öx<b>e</b>llo, av<b>é</b>dis<b>e</b> </td> <td>b<b>a</b>it </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></big> </td> <td>b<b>e</b>llo, caff<b>è</b>, f<b>æ</b>nn-a<sup id="cite_ref-stressvow_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stressvow-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>b<b>e</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>i</b>nf<b>i</b>nïo, p<b>i</b>cc<b>i</b>n </td> <td>b<b>ee</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-col_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-col-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>v<b>o</b>tta, <b>ò</b>spit<b>ò</b>u, <b>O</b>uröpa </td> <td>b<b>a</b>ld<i>, but shorter</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></big> </td> <td>b<b>éu</b>isccio, ch<b>eu</b>scia, <b>eu</b>ggezzâ </td> <td>b<b>ir</b>d (<i><a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a></i>)<i>, but shorter</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></big> </td> <td>môr<b>o</b>, nasci<b>ó</b>n, r<b>o</b>tt<b>o</b> </td> <td>b<b>u</b>ll </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></big> </td> <td>c<b>u</b>ggiæ, f<b>u</b>mme, virt<b>ù</b> </td> <td><i>roughly like</i> b<b>oo</b>t <i>(some dialects)</i><sup id="cite_ref-y_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; <i>French</i> t<b>u</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><small><a href="/wiki/Long_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Long vowel">Long vowels</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">aː</a></span></big> </td> <td>m<b>ä</b>veggia, cicchett<b>â</b>, oci<b>â</b>li </td> <td>f<b>a</b>ther </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span></big> </td> <td>ebr<b>ê</b>o, g<b>ê</b>xâ, ç<b>ë</b>xetta </td> <td>b<b>ai</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛː</a></span></big> </td> <td>s<b>æ</b>a, co<b>æ</b>, b<b>æ</b>xinâ </td> <td>b<b>ear</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span></big> </td> <td>abaç<b>î</b>a, barbac<b>ï</b>o, mo<b>î</b>nâ </td> <td>b<b>ea</b>d </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔː</a></span></big> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span></big> </td> <td>st<b>ö</b>ia, <b>ö</b>xello, diz<b>ö</b>nô </td> <td>b<b>a</b>ld </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">øː</a></span></big> </td> <td>niss<b>êu</b>a, d<b>êu</b>viemmo, fax<b>eu</b> </td> <td>b<b>ir</b>d (<i><a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span></big> </td> <td>m<b>ô</b>ro, servit<b>ô</b>, d<b>ô</b>çeménte </td> <td>t<b>oo</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">yː</a></span></big> </td> <td>lett<b>û</b>a, d<b>û</b>o, aog<b>û</b>ri </td> <td><i>roughly like</i> b<b>oo</b> <i>(some dialects)</i><sup id="cite_ref-y_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; <i>German </i> <b>ü</b>ber </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Suprasegmentals" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">Suprasegmentals</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th>Examples</th> <th>Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">ˈ</a></span></big> </td> <td>sciu<b>ghê</b>a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃyˈɡeːa]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primary_stress" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary stress">primary stress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">ˌ</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>brû</b>xabaracche <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˌbɾyːʒabaˈɾakːe]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secondary_stress" title="Secondary stress">secondary stress</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">.</a></span></big> </td> <td>lét<b>ia</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈleti.a]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syllabification" title="Syllabification">syllable break</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">ː</a></span></big> </td> <td>Sa<b>nn-</b>a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈsaŋːa]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geminated_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminated consonant">half-long consonant</a><sup id="cite_ref-conslength_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conslength-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Ligurian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-col-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-col_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-col_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sounds listed on the right column occur in certain peripheral dialects.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-periph-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-periph_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periph_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periph_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periph_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periph_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The latter realizations are most common in peripheric areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Ventimiglia" title="Ventimiglia">Ventimiglia</a> or southern <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>. In particular, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> are occurrences of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> before consonants In the <a href="/wiki/Tabarchino" title="Tabarchino">Tabarchino</a> dialect of <a href="/wiki/Carloforte" title="Carloforte">Carloforte</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasal_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasal_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Like most other Northern Italian languages, Ligurian <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasals</a> never <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilation (linguistics)">assimilate</a> their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, unlike in Standard <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span> is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, and it may <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_contrast" title="Phonemic contrast">contrast</a> with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> only before vowels (e.g. <span title="Ligurian-language text"><i lang="lij">pé<b>nn-</b>a</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈpeŋa/</span> 'sorrow' vs <span title="Ligurian-language text"><i lang="lij">pénna</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈpena/</span> 'quill').</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stressvow-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stressvow_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stressvow_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">All vowels can occur in both stressed or unstressed positions except short <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span>, which is always stressed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-y-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-y_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-y_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">These dialects include modern <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a> and most forms of <a href="/wiki/English_English" class="mw-redirect" title="English English">English English</a> (with some exceptions such as <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire English">Yorkshire</a>), <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_South_African_English" class="mw-redirect" title="White South African English">White South African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_English" title="Ulster English">Ulster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Southern American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midland_American_English" title="Midland American English">Midland American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore English">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_English" title="Western Pennsylvania English">Western Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">California</a> English. Other dialects of English, such as <a href="/wiki/Northern_American_English" title="Northern American English">Northern American</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England_English" title="New England English">New England</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_American_Vernacular_English" class="mw-redirect" title="African American Vernacular English">African American Vernacular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Republic of Ireland</a> English, have no close equiavalent vowel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conslength-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conslength_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Consonant and semivowel <a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">lengthening</a> optionally occurs in <a href="/wiki/Paroxytone" title="Paroxytone">paroxytones</a> between a stressed short vowel and a vowel, and is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ː</span>⟩ marker (e.g. <span title="Ligurian-language text"><i lang="lij">eu<b>gg</b>io</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈøddʒu]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈødːʒu]</span>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Ligurian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Ligurian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Ligurian IPA">Category:Pages with Ligurian IPA</a> (73)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Ligurian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFToso" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Toso, Fiorenzo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dialetti-liguri_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27Italiano%29/">"liguri, dialetti"</a> [Ligurian dialects]. <i><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Treccani</a></i> (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enciclopedia+Treccani&rft.atitle=liguri%2C+dialetti&rft.aulast=Toso&rft.aufirst=Fiorenzo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fdialetti-liguri_%2528Enciclopedia-dell%2527Italiano%2529%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FLigurian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeneize.net">Official Website for the <i>Académia Ligùstica do Brénno</i></a> <span class="languageicon">(in Ligurian)</span></li></ul> <div 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Adyghe" title="Help:IPA/Adyghe">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Amharic" title="Help:IPA/Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Ligurian&oldid=1254091591">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Ligurian&oldid=1254091591</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_Phonetic_Alphabet_help" title="Category:International Phonetic Alphabet help">International Phonetic Alphabet help</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: 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