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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rose_window_Richmond.jpg/220px-Rose_window_Richmond.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rose_window_Richmond.jpg/330px-Rose_window_Richmond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rose_window_Richmond.jpg/440px-Rose_window_Richmond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1458" /></a><figcaption>Rose window of <a href="/wiki/St_Matthias_Church,_Richmond" title="St Matthias Church, Richmond">St Matthias Church, Richmond</a>, a church designed by Sir Gilbert Scott</figcaption></figure> <p><b>William Wailes</b> (1808–1881) was the proprietor of one of England's largest and most prolific <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> workshops. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wailes was born and grew up in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_on_Tyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle on Tyne">Newcastle on Tyne</a>, England's centre of domestic glass and bottle manufacturing. His first business was as a grocer and tea merchant.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, his artistic talent and practical skills led him to set up a small kiln in the backyard of his premises. He made and fired small decorative <a href="/wiki/Enamelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Enamelling">enamels</a> which were sold in his shop. </p><p>In 1830 he went to Germany to study stained glass design and production under <a href="/wiki/Mayer_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayer of Munich">Mayer of Munich</a>. In 1838 he set up his own stained glass studio to design and manufacture windows<sup id="cite_ref-x2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1841 the business began producing its own glass. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saltwell_Towers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Saltwell_Towers.jpg/220px-Saltwell_Towers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Saltwell_Towers.jpg/330px-Saltwell_Towers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Saltwell_Towers.jpg/440px-Saltwell_Towers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>William Wailes' home at <a href="/wiki/Saltwell_Park" title="Saltwell Park">Saltwell Park</a>, Gateshead</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1842 the architect <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a> approached Wailes about producing windows for him. Working with Pugin was a thankless task, as Pugin went from one workshop to another in an attempt to get his designs realised at the lowest possible cost. The working relationship lasted for only three years.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regardless of this, Wailes made a name for himself through the provision of windows for local churches. As his enterprise prospered, he employed more men until there were 76 employees, who included in their number several designers who were to go on to establish their own factories. These included <a href="/wiki/Francis_Wilson_Oliphant" title="Francis Wilson Oliphant">Francis Wilson Oliphant</a> R.A. (1818–1859) and George Joseph Baguley (1834–1915). William Wailes was one of the twenty-five stained glass manufacturers that exhibited in the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal Palace Exhibition">Crystal Palace Exhibition</a> in 1851. </p><p>Wailes married (Elizabeth) and they had several children, including a son, William Thomas Wailes, who was to join his father in the business, as did his son-in-law, Thomas Rankine Strang,<sup id="cite_ref-x2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1861, when the firm became known as Wailes and Strang. </p><p>In 1860 Wailes bought the Saltwell Estate at <a href="/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead">Gateshead</a> and set about improving it, building himself a decorative mansion and landscaping the grounds. Unfortunately, he ran into debt and 16 years later sold the property to the <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateshead Council">Gateshead Corporation</a>. The estate became a public park known as <a href="/wiki/Saltwell_Park" title="Saltwell Park">Saltwell Park</a> which includes the house, <i>Saltwell Towers</i>. However Wailes continued to reside in his home until his death in 1881. William Thomas Wailes continued to manufacture stained glass until 1910. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistic_recognition">Artistic recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Artistic recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wailes was painted, next to a window exemplifying his work, by <a href="/wiki/John_Oliphant_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Oliphant (artist)">John Oliphant</a>. The painting hangs in the <a href="/wiki/Shipley_Art_Gallery" title="Shipley Art Gallery">Shipley Art Gallery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead">Gateshead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stained_glass">Stained glass</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stained glass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/William_Wailes" title="Special:EditPage/William Wailes">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloucester_Cathedral_06_west_window_William_Wailes_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gloucester_Cathedral_06_west_window_William_Wailes_crop.jpg/280px-Gloucester_Cathedral_06_west_window_William_Wailes_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="456" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gloucester_Cathedral_06_west_window_William_Wailes_crop.jpg/420px-Gloucester_Cathedral_06_west_window_William_Wailes_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gloucester_Cathedral_06_west_window_William_Wailes_crop.jpg/560px-Gloucester_Cathedral_06_west_window_William_Wailes_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2513" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>The huge west window at <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral" title="Gloucester Cathedral">Gloucester Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style">Style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although William Wailes employed a number of designers, the products of his workshop are often identifiable by type of glass and the particular colour combinations that prevailed. Wailes’ glass is often a little paler and more brightly coloured than many English workshops of the same date, being rather more like glass from Germany or <a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a>. There are certain distinctive colour combinations that occur repeatedly in the clothing of figures in Wailes’ windows- mauve lined with bright red, yellow lined with bright blue, red lined with acid green. Many of Wailes window contain a great deal of pink glass. </p><p>Although Wailes was seen as a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a> artist, and was able to fill windows with ornate foliate patterns that have the quality of brightly painted <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminated manuscripts">manuscripts</a> rather than ancient glass, his figures were elegantly classicising and decidedly staid of demeanour. Figures in Wailes’ windows communicate in a series of stereotypical hand gestures. Moreover, the details of faces are applied in a painterly manner, as against the almost calligraphic manner with which some of the 19th-century artists such as <a href="/wiki/Hardman_%26_Co." title="Hardman & Co.">John Hardman</a> imitated ancient windows. The painterly manner is typical of that employed by <a href="/wiki/Mayer_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayer of Munich">Mayer of Munich</a>, with whom Wailes trained. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gloucester_Cathedral">Gloucester Cathedral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gloucester Cathedral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While most of the work of Wailes' workshop is to be found in the North of England, other commissions came from further afield. The most significant window glazed by the firm, and one of the prize commissions of the industry, was the glazing of the west window of <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral" title="Gloucester Cathedral">Gloucester Cathedral</a>, an enormous window of c.1430 in the <a href="/wiki/Perpendicular_Gothic" title="Perpendicular Gothic">Perpendicular Gothic</a> style, of nine lights and four tiers. This window complemented, at the other end of the building, one of the largest ancient windows in the world; the east window (which is as big as a tennis court) fortunately had retained much of its 14th-century glass, comprising many tiers of figures. </p><p>Wailes' west window at Gloucester is a stupendous achievement, and not just because of the technicalities involved in glazing such a vast area. It makes no attempt to imitate the style or content of the east window. The content of the west window, like that of so many other commissions, was probably stipulated by a committee. Because the window was so large there was room for a large number of narratives and many figures. </p><p>The window comprises nine vertical sections called <i>lights</i> which are divided by mullions into three lots of three. The window rises in three stages, the first and the third being approximately half as tall as the middle one, the whole being surmounted by many smaller vertical tracery lights, which Wailes predictably filled with singing angels neatly arranged in robes of violet, bright red and arsenic green. </p><p>Wailes' design divides the window's main part into four rather than three stages, each containing three complex narrative scenes which are made successfully to span three lights. The central section which shows the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Christ">Nativity of Christ</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Christ</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> (one below the other) is a particularly successful composition, considering that it contains two significant narrative incidents which visually harmonise, yet remain discrete scenes. While each of the twelve individual pictures works as a unit, the visual composition of the whole window is skilfully arranged so as to present as an integrated work of art. This has been achieved by the skilled placement of the 116 figures and the equally skilful disposition of colour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Churches_containing_stained_glass_by_William_Wailes">Churches containing stained glass by William Wailes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Churches containing stained glass by William Wailes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/William_Wailes" title="Special:EditPage/William Wailes">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilham_StMarys_EastWindow19thC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chilham_StMarys_EastWindow19thC.JPG/170px-Chilham_StMarys_EastWindow19thC.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chilham_StMarys_EastWindow19thC.JPG/255px-Chilham_StMarys_EastWindow19thC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chilham_StMarys_EastWindow19thC.JPG/340px-Chilham_StMarys_EastWindow19thC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>The East window of the church of St Mary at <a href="/wiki/Chilham" title="Chilham">Chilham</a> in Kent, dated 1864</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grt_M_Wailes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Grt_M_Wailes.jpg/170px-Grt_M_Wailes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Grt_M_Wailes.jpg/255px-Grt_M_Wailes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Grt_M_Wailes.jpg/340px-Grt_M_Wailes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption>In the church of Ss Peter and Paul, <a href="/wiki/Great_Missenden" title="Great Missenden">Great Missenden</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>St. Andrew's Church, <a href="/wiki/Bradfield,_Berkshire" title="Bradfield, Berkshire">Bradfield</a>, Berkshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Thatcham" title="St Mary's Church, Thatcham">St. Mary's Church</a>, Thatcham, Berkshire</li> <li>Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, <a href="/wiki/Great_Missenden" title="Great Missenden">Great Missenden</a>, Buckinghamshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helen_Witton_Church,_Northwich" title="St Helen Witton Church, Northwich">St. Helen Witton's Church</a>, Northwich, Cheshire</li> <li>Church of St. Mary the Virgin, <a href="/wiki/Ambleside" title="Ambleside">Ambleside</a>, Cumbria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Huntsham" title="All Saints' Church, Huntsham">All Saints' Church</a>, Huntsham, Devon</li> <li>St. John the Evangelist's Church, <a href="/wiki/Birtley,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Birtley, Tyne and Wear">Birtley</a>, County Durham</li> <li>St Helen's Church, <a href="/wiki/Low_Fell" title="Low Fell">Low Fell</a>, County Durham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Sunderland" title="Holy Trinity Church, Sunderland">Holy Trinity Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunderland" title="Sunderland">Sunderland</a>, County Durham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral" title="Gloucester Cathedral">Gloucester Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Church,_Stow-on-the-Wold" title="St Edward's Church, Stow-on-the-Wold">St. Edward's Church</a>, Stow on the Wold, Gloucestershire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Matthias_Church,_Richmond" title="St Matthias Church, Richmond">St. Matthias' Church</a>, Richmond, Greater London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cathedral,_Southwark" title="St George's Cathedral, Southwark">St. George's Cathedral</a>, Southwark, Greater London</li> <li>St. Mark's Church, <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Wood" title="St John's Wood">St John's Wood</a>, Greater London</li> <li>All Saints' Church, <a href="/wiki/Hursley" title="Hursley">Hursley</a>, Hampshire</li> <li>St. Mary's Church, <a href="/wiki/Kingsclere" title="Kingsclere">Kingsclere</a>, Hampshire</li> <li>St. George's Church, <a href="/wiki/Benenden" title="Benenden">Benenden</a>, Kent</li> <li>St. Mary's Church, <a href="/wiki/Chilham" title="Chilham">Chilham</a>, Kent</li> <li>St. Lawrence's Church, <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Kent" title="Waltham, Kent">Waltham</a>, Kent</li> <li>St. Swithun's Church, <a href="/wiki/Bintree" title="Bintree">Bintree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Andrew's Church, <a href="/wiki/Blo%27_Norton" title="Blo' Norton">Blo' Norton</a>, Norfolk<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Andrew's Church, <a href="/wiki/Bradenham,_Norfolk" title="Bradenham, Norfolk">Bradenham</a>, Norfolk<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Maurice's Church, <a href="/wiki/Briningham" title="Briningham">Briningham</a>, Norfolk<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Peter's Church, <a href="/wiki/Crostwick" title="Crostwick">Crostwick</a>, Norfolk</li> <li>St. Edmund's Church, <a href="/wiki/Emneth" title="Emneth">Emneth</a>, Norfolk</li> <li>St. Peter and St Paul's Church, <a href="/wiki/Swaffham" title="Swaffham">Swaffham</a> Norfolk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexham_Abbey" title="Hexham Abbey">Hexham Abbey</a>, Hexham, Northumberland</li> <li>St. Mary's Church, <a href="/wiki/Clipsham" title="Clipsham">Clipsham</a>, Rutland</li> <li>St. James the Less, <a href="/wiki/Fradswell" title="Fradswell">Fradswell</a>, Staffordshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Editha,_Tamworth" title="Church of St Editha, Tamworth">St. Editha's Church</a>, Tamworth, Staffordshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Dorking" title="St Martin's Church, Dorking">St. Martin's Church</a>, Dorking, Surrey</li> <li>St. John's Church, <a href="/wiki/Piddinghoe" title="Piddinghoe">Piddinghoe</a>, East Sussex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Cathedral" title="Chichester Cathedral">Chichester Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a></li> <li>St Mary's Church, <a href="/wiki/Singleton,_West_Sussex" title="Singleton, West Sussex">Singleton</a>, West Sussex</li> <li>St. Botolph's Church, <a href="/wiki/Farnborough,_Warwickshire" title="Farnborough, Warwickshire">Farnborough</a>, Warwickshire</li> <li>St. Boniface's Church, <a href="/wiki/Bonchurch" title="Bonchurch">Bonchurch</a>, Isle of Wight</li> <li>St. James' Church, <a href="/wiki/Devizes" title="Devizes">Devizes</a>, Wiltshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Anne,_Catterick" title="Church of St Anne, Catterick">Church of St. Anne</a>, Catterick, North Yorkshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridlington_Priory" title="Bridlington Priory">Bridlington Priory</a>, Bridlington, East Yorkshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Thomas,_Thurstonland" title="Church of St Thomas, Thurstonland">Church of St. Thomas</a>, Thurstonland, West Yorkshire</li> <li>St. Martin's Church, Firbeck, South Yorkshire</li> <li>The Priory of St Peter and St Paul <a href="/wiki/Brinkburn_Priory" title="Brinkburn Priory">Brinkburn Priory</a>, Brinkburn, Northumberland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Cathedral" title="Newcastle Cathedral">Newcastle Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Church,_Hedon" title="St Augustine's Church, Hedon">St Augustine's Church</a>, Hedon, East Yorkshire</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsewhere">Elsewhere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_The_Isles" title="Cathedral of The Isles">Cathedral of The Isles</a>, Millport, Ayrshire, Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandyford_Henderson_Memorial_Church" title="Sandyford Henderson Memorial Church">Sandyford Henderson Memorial Church</a>, Glasgow, Scotland <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_St_Laurence" title="Christ Church St Laurence">Christ Church St Laurence</a>, Sydney, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Church" title="Afghan Church">Afghan Church</a>, Mumbai, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(Philadelphia)" title="First Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia)">First Presbyterian Church</a>, Philadelphia, United States</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_early_19th-century_firms">Other early 19th-century firms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other early 19th-century firms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willement" title="Thomas Willement">Thomas Willement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warrington" title="William Warrington">William Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edmund_Clutterbuck" title="Charles Edmund Clutterbuck">Charles Edmund Clutterbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardman_%26_Co." title="Hardman & Co.">Hardman & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Welby_Pugin" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Welby Pugin">Augustus Welby Pugin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Context">Context</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_stained_glass_(1811%E2%80%931918)" title="British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)">British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Man%27s_Bible" title="Poor Man's Bible">Poor Man's Bible</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wailes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/saltwell-park-gatesheads-low-fell-20066362">"Why Saltwell Park in Gateshead's Low Fell has long been a 'people's park'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Chronicle Live</i>. 18 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chronicle+Live&rft.atitle=Why+Saltwell+Park+in+Gateshead%27s+Low+Fell+has+long+been+a+%27people%27s+park%27&rft.date=2021-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclelive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhistory%2Fsaltwell-park-gatesheads-low-fell-20066362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Wailes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-x2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-x2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-x2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stainedglass.llgc.org.uk/person/66">"William Wailes. (1838-1914) : Stained Glass in Wales"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Wailes.+%281838-1914%29+%3A+Stained+Glass+in+Wales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstainedglass.llgc.org.uk%2Fperson%2F66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Wailes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pugin also fell out with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willement" title="Thomas Willement">Thomas Willement</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Warrington" title="William Warrington">William Warrington</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Oliphant" class="citation web cs1">John Oliphant. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collectionssearchtwmuseums.org.uk/#details=ecatalogue.304997">"Portrait of William Wailes"</a>. Tyne & Wear Archives and Museums<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+William+Wailes&rft.pub=Tyne+%26+Wear+Archives+and+Museums&rft.au=John+Oliphant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollectionssearchtwmuseums.org.uk%2F%23details%3Decatalogue.304997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Wailes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/bintree/bintree.htm">"Norfolk Churches"</a>. <i>www.norfolkchurches.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.norfolkchurches.co.uk&rft.atitle=Norfolk+Churches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norfolkchurches.co.uk%2Fbintree%2Fbintree.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Wailes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/blonorton/blonorton.htm">"Norfolk Churches"</a>. <i>www.norfolkchurches.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.norfolkchurches.co.uk&rft.atitle=Norfolk+Churches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norfolkchurches.co.uk%2Fblonorton%2Fblonorton.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Wailes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/westbradenham/westbradenham.htm">"Norfolk Churches"</a>. <i>www.norfolkchurches.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.norfolkchurches.co.uk&rft.atitle=Norfolk+Churches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norfolkchurches.co.uk%2Fwestbradenham%2Fwestbradenham.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Wailes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/briningham/briningham.htm">"Norfolk Churches"</a>. <i>www.norfolkchurches.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.norfolkchurches.co.uk&rft.atitle=Norfolk+Churches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norfolkchurches.co.uk%2Fbriningham%2Fbriningham.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Wailes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scotlandschurchestrust.org.uk/church/sandyford-henderson-church-glasgow/">"SANDYFORD HENDERSON CHURCH, GLASGOW"</a>, <i>Scotland's Churches Trust</i>. Retrieved on 6 October 2024</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Wailes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William Wailes">William Wailes</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Painton Cowen, <i>A Guide to Stained Glass in Britain</i>, 1985, Michael Joseph, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7181-2567-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7181-2567-7">978-0-7181-2567-7</a></li> <li>Elizabeth Morris, <i>Stained and Decorative Glass</i>, Doubleday, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86824-324-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86824-324-5">978-0-86824-324-5</a></li> <li>Sarah Brown, <i>Stained Glass- an Illustrated History</i>, Bracken Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85891-157-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85891-157-5">1-85891-157-5</a></li> <li>Simon Jenkins, <i>England's Thousand Best Churches</i>, Allen Lane, the Penguin Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9281-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9281-6">978-0-7139-9281-6</a></li> <li>John Harvey, <i>English Cathedrals</i>, Batsford, 1961, ISBN unknown</li> <li>Cliff and Monica Robinson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buckschurches.uk/glass/index.php"><i>Buckinghamshire Stained Glass</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061008182742/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/VictorianBuildings/Architects.htm"><i>Victorian Wolverhampton, a town through its buildings</i></a>, archived in 2006</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:British_and_Irish_stained_glass" title="Template:British and Irish stained glass"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_and_Irish_stained_glass" title="Template talk:British and Irish stained glass"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_and_Irish_stained_glass" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British and Irish stained glass"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_and_Irish_stained_glass" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British and Irish stained glass</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_stained_glass_(1811%E2%80%931918)" title="British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)">British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass#History" title="Stained glass">History of stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_stained_glass" title="Medieval stained glass">Medieval stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Man%27s_Bible" title="Poor Man's Bible">Poor Man's Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_characteristics_of_European_cathedral_architecture" title="List of regional characteristics of European cathedral architecture">Regional characteristics of European cathedral architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Artistic movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aesthetic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblia_pauperum" title="Biblia pauperum">Biblia pauperum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Camden_Society" title="Cambridge Camden Society">Cambridge Camden Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Renaissance">Early Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoticism" title="Exoticism">Exoticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_House_(Fulham)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Glass House (Fulham)">The Glass House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Club" title="Hogarth Club">Hogarth Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Architectural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Loughborough_Pearson" title="John Loughborough Pearson">John Loughborough Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Thomson" title="Alexander Thomson">Alexander Thomson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Almquist" title="Carl Almquist">Carl Almquist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Carl_Almquist" title="List of works by Carl Almquist">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Liddall_Armitage" title="Edward Liddall Armitage">Edward Liddall Armitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Arnold" title="Hugh Arnold">Hugh Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Child" title="Alfred E. Child">Alfred E. Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chilton" title="Margaret Chilton">Margaret Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Clarke" title="Brian Clarke">Brian Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Clarke" title="Harry Clarke">Harry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_Clokey" title="Walter Francis Clokey">Walter Francis Clokey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edmund_Clutterbuck" title="Charles Edmund Clutterbuck">Charles Edmund Clutterbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trena_Cox" title="Trena Cox">Trena Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Davis_(painter)" title="Louis Davis (painter)">Louis Davis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Louis_Davis" title="List of works by Louis Davis">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_de_Montmorency" title="Rachel de Montmorency">Rachel de Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Drury_(stained_glass_artist)" title="Alfred Drury (stained glass artist)">Alfred Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Esplin" title="Mabel Esplin">Mabel Esplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moira_Forsyth" title="Moira Forsyth">Moira Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Geddes" title="Wilhelmina Geddes">Wilhelmina Geddes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Gray_(stained_glass_artist)" title="Jane Gray (stained glass artist)">Jane Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Hallward" title="Reginald Hallward">Reginald Hallward</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Reginald_Hallward" title="List of works by Reginald Hallward">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hendrie" title="Herbert Hendrie">Herbert Hendrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Humphries_Hogan" title="James Humphries Hogan">James Humphries Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Hone" title="Evie Hone">Evie Hone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Howson" title="Joan Howson">Joan Howson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Townshend_and_Howson" title="List of works by Townshend and Howson">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Holmes_Jewitt" title="Edward Holmes Jewitt">Edward Holmes Jewitt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Edward_Holmes_Jewitt" title="List of works by Edward Holmes Jewitt">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Kemp" title="Marjorie Kemp">Marjorie Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eamer_Kempe" title="Charles Eamer Kempe">Charles Eamer Kempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lowndes" title="Mary Lowndes">Mary Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_O%27Brien_(artist)" title="Catherine O'Brien (artist)">Catherine O’Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Parsons" title="Karl Parsons">Karl Parsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Karl_Parsons" title="List of works by Karl Parsons">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Payne_(artist)" title="Henry Payne (artist)">Henry Payne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Henry_Payne" title="List of works by Henry Payne">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Josephine_Pocock" title="Lilian Josephine Pocock">Lilian Josephine Pocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Piper_(artist)" title="John Piper (artist)">John Piper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pollen" title="Patrick Pollen">Patrick Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Purser" title="Sarah Purser">Sarah Purser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Rhind" title="Ethel Rhind">Ethel Rhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Wathen_Robinson" title="Arnold Wathen Robinson">Arnold Wathen Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Arnold_Wathen_Robinson" title="List of works by Arnold Wathen Robinson">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arild_Rosenkrantz" title="Arild Rosenkrantz">Arild Rosenkrantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Skeat" title="Francis Skeat">Francis Skeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Francis_Skeat" title="List of works by Francis Skeat">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Townshend" title="Caroline Townshend">Caroline Townshend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Townshend_and_Howson" title="List of works by Townshend and Howson">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Webb" title="Christopher Webb">Christopher Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Webb_(artist)" title="Geoffrey Webb (artist)">Geoffrey Webb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Geoffrey_Webb" title="List of works by Geoffrey Webb">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Westlake" title="Nathaniel Westlake">Nathaniel Westlake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Whall" title="Christopher Whall">Christopher Whall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Christopher_Whall" title="List of works by Christopher Whall">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Whall" title="Veronica Whall">Veronica Whall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Veronica_Whall" title="List of works by Veronica Whall">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willement" title="Thomas Willement">Thomas Willement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilson_(artist)" title="William Wilson (artist)">William Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Woodroffe" title="Paul Woodroffe">Paul Woodroffe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Paul_Woodroffe" title="List of works by Paul Woodroffe">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Woore" title="Edward Woore">Edward Woore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Edward_Woore" title="List of works by Edward Woore">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_stained_glass_artists_and_manufacturers" title="Category:British stained glass artists and manufacturers">British stained-glass artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_stained_glass_artists_and_manufacturers" title="Category:Irish stained glass artists and manufacturers">Irish stained-glass artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Critics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Harrison_(curator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Harrison (curator)">Martin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_T%C3%BAr_Gloine" title="An Túr Gloine">An Túr Gloine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton,_Kinder_and_Alderson" title="Barton, Kinder and Alderson">Barton, Kinder and Alderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlison_and_Grylls" title="Burlison and Grylls">Burlison and Grylls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Clarke" title="Harry Clarke">Harry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_and_Bell" title="Clayton and Bell">Clayton and Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_Clokey" title="Walter Francis Clokey">Walter Francis Clokey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cottier" title="Daniel Cottier">Daniel Cottier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardman_%26_Co." title="Hardman & Co.">John Hardman & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaton,_Butler_and_Bayne" title="Heaton, Butler and Bayne">Heaton, Butler and Bayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hincks_and_Burnell" title="Hincks and Burnell">Hincks and Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavers,_Barraud_and_Westlake" title="Lavers, Barraud and Westlake">Lavers, Barraud and Westlake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_%26_Co." title="Morris & Co.">Morris & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Powell_and_Sons" title="James Powell and Sons">James Powell and Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrigley_and_Hunt" title="Shrigley and Hunt">Shrigley and Hunt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Wailes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warrington" title="William Warrington">William Warrington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Examples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">Coventry Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairford_stained_glass" title="Fairford stained glass">Fairford stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Minster" title="York Minster">York Minster</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Four_Green_Fields" title="My Four Green Fields">My Four Green Fields</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">Fleur-de-lis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">Virtues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_glass" title="Architectural glass">Architectural glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_glass" title="Art glass">Art glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveled_glass" title="Beveled glass">Beveled glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Came_glasswork" title="Came glasswork">Came glasswork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_glass" title="Cathedral glass">Cathedral glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curvilinear_coordinates" title="Curvilinear coordinates">Curvilinear coordinates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_glass" title="Float glass">Float glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">Glass art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_beadmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass beadmaking">Glass beadmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">Glassblowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisaille" title="Grisaille">Grisaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancet_window" title="Lancet window">Lancet window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadlight" title="Leadlight">Leadlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandorla" title="Mandorla">Mandorla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullion" title="Mullion">Mullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontil">Pontil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatrefoil" title="Quatrefoil">Quatrefoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_window" title="Rose window">Rose window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundel" title="Roundel">Roundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass_conservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stained glass conservation">Stained glass conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_glass" title="Studio glass">Studio glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracery" title="Tracery">Tracery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons:</li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stained-glass_windows_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stained-glass windows in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stained-glass_windows_in_Ireland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stained-glass windows in Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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