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It was mainly <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pastureland</a>, classified as a <i>gualdus</i> during the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombard period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is famous for the long dispute between its inhabitants and the monastery of <a href="/wiki/San_Vincenzo_al_Volturno" title="San Vincenzo al Volturno">San Vincenzo al Volturno</a> in the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. </p><p>The Valle Trita belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_fisc" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal fisc">royal fisc</a> until about 758, when King <a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius</a> granted it to San Vincenzo about 100 kilometres away. The monastery began collecting as rents the dues (or taxes) formerly owed to the crown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monks built up an estate in the valley and claimed that the peasants were <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a> who did not own the land but owed service to the monastery for their right to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham1981110–11_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham1981110–11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peasants claimed that they were free, and could produce precepts (<i>precepta</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Spoleto" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Spoleto">Dukes of Spoleto</a>, the highest local Lombard official, to that effect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 779, after the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingians</a> had replaced the Lombards, the monastery brought the peasants to court to enforce their obedience. It won, but the peasants did not accept the verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 787, Abbot Paul brought a petition to King <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, who confirmed Desiderius' grant of Trita to the monastery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalzaretti1999392_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalzaretti1999392-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peasants were taken to court again that year and in 822, 823, 824, 854, 872 and 873: a total of eight court cases for which records survive in the <a href="/wiki/Cartulary" title="Cartulary">cartulary</a> of the monastery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583_n._125._The_cartulary_is_preserved_in_the_house_chronicle,_the_''[[Chronicon_Vulturnense]]''_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583_n._125._The_cartulary_is_preserved_in_the_house_chronicle,_the_''[[Chronicon_Vulturnense]]''-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The records also indicate a ninth court challenge, for which the proceedings have not survived, took place. San Vincenzo won every trial, but was unable to consistently enforce the rulings in the remote area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham1981110–11_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham1981110–11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 854 ruling it had some success in forcing <i><a href="/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e" title="Corvée">corvée</a></i> from the peasants, who worked twelve weeks a year for the monastery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005296_and_n._79_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005296_and_n._79-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 873, when the peasants refused to attend court, the army of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Louis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Louis II">Emperor Louis II</a>, which was in the area, rounded them up and brought them to trial. The cold weather had prevented the peasants from taking to higher ground.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 881 San Vincenzo was sacked by <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Muslim raiders</a> and lost control over most of its estates for decades. The Valle Trita is not recorded again in the monastic cartulary until 998. <a href="/wiki/Chris_Wickham" title="Chris Wickham">Chris Wickham</a> concludes that in all of Europe only at Trita did peasants successfully resist intrusive lordship for a long period before 900.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the peasant resistance of Trita may be only the best chronicled of many cases of remote pastoral communities with a history of independence resisting <a href="/wiki/Feudalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudalisation">feudalisation</a> in central Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005588_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005588-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More rare, but better recorded were the wide-ranging and violent revolts of the lower classes, such as the contemporary Saxon <i><a href="/wiki/Stellinga" title="Stellinga">Stellinga</a></i> in 841–42. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valle_Trita&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583–85_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickham2005">Wickham 2005</a>, pp. 583–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham1981110–11-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham1981110–11_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham1981110–11_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickham1981">Wickham 1981</a>, pp. 110–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalzaretti1999392-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalzaretti1999392_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalzaretti1999">Balzaretti 1999</a>, p. 392. For the diploma, cf. E. Mühlbacher, ed., <i>Diplomata Karolinorum</i> I, <a href="/wiki/Monumenta_Germaniae_Historica" title="Monumenta Germaniae Historica">MGH</a> (Berlin, 1906), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgh.de/dmgh/resolving/MGH_DD_Kar._1_S._216">doc. 159</a>, which calls the place <i>villam Trite sitam</i>, a village at the place of Trita.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583_n._125._The_cartulary_is_preserved_in_the_house_chronicle,_the_''[[Chronicon_Vulturnense]]''-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005583_n._125._The_cartulary_is_preserved_in_the_house_chronicle,_the_''[[Chronicon_Vulturnense]]''_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickham2005">Wickham 2005</a>, p. 583 n. 125. The cartulary is preserved in the house chronicle, the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicon_Vulturnense" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicon Vulturnense">Chronicon Vulturnense</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005296_and_n._79-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005296_and_n._79_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickham2005">Wickham 2005</a>, p. 296 and n. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2005588-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2005588_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickham2005">Wickham 2005</a>, p. 588.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valle_Trita&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlbertoni2010" class="citation journal cs1">Albertoni, Giuseppe (2010). "Law and the Peasant: Rural Society and Justice in Carolingian Italy". <i>Early Medieval Europe</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 417–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0254.2010.00305.x">10.1111/j.1468-0254.2010.00305.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Medieval+Europe&rft.atitle=Law+and+the+Peasant%3A+Rural+Society+and+Justice+in+Carolingian+Italy&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=417-45&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0254.2010.00305.x&rft.aulast=Albertoni&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValle+Trita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalzaretti1999" class="citation journal cs1">Balzaretti, Ross (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0254.00054">"Review Article: San Vincenzo al Volturno. History Rewritten?"</a>. <i>Early Medieval Europe</i>. <b>8</b> (3): 387–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0254.00054">10.1111/1468-0254.00054</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Medieval+Europe&rft.atitle=Review+Article%3A+San+Vincenzo+al+Volturno.+History+Rewritten%3F&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=387-99&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0254.00054&rft.aulast=Balzaretti&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252F1468-0254.00054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValle+Trita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickham1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Wickham" title="Chris Wickham">Wickham, Chris</a> (1981). <i>Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society, 400–1000</i>. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Medieval+Italy%3A+Central+Power+and+Local+Society%2C+400%E2%80%931000&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValle+Trita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickham1982" class="citation book cs1">Wickham, Chris (1982). <i>Studi sulla società degli Appennini nell'alto Medioevo: contadini, signori e insediamento nel territorio di Valva (Sulmona)</i>. Bologna: Editrice CLUEB.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studi+sulla+societ%C3%A0+degli+Appennini+nell%27alto+Medioevo%3A+contadini%2C+signori+e+insediamento+nel+territorio+di+Valva+%28Sulmona%29&rft.place=Bologna&rft.pub=Editrice+CLUEB&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValle+Trita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickham2005" class="citation book cs1">Wickham, Chris (2005). <i>Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–800</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framing+the+Early+Middle+Ages%3A+Europe+and+the+Mediterranean%2C+400%E2%80%93800&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValle+Trita" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valle_Trita&oldid=1233651909">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valle_Trita&oldid=1233651909</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_history_of_Italy" title="Category:Medieval history of Italy">Medieval history of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feudalism" title="Category:Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Labor_history" title="Category:Labor history">Labor history</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 July 2024, at 06:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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