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class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Assisting with marketing and promotion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assisting_with_marketing_and_promotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History and influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regional variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_and_Repertoire" title="Artists and Repertoire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artists and Repertoire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_and_repertoire" title="Artists and repertoire – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artists and repertoire" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_and_Repertoire" title="Artists and Repertoire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Artists and Repertoire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A0%88%ED%8D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EC%99%80" title="아티스트 레퍼트와 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아티스트 레퍼트와" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artis_dan_repertoar" title="Artis dan repertoar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Artis dan repertoar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_%26_Repertoire" title="Artists & Repertoire – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Artists & Repertoire" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R" title="A&R – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="A&R" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artis_dan_repertoir" title="Artis dan repertoir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Artis dan repertoir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R" title="A&R – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="A&R" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R" title="A&R – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="A&R" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R" title="A&R – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="A&R" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R" title="A&R – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="A&R" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R" title="A&R – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="A&R" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R" title="A&R – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="A&R" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ฝ่ายคัดสรรและพัฒนาศิลปิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฝ่ายคัดสรรและพัฒนาศิลปิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R" title="A&R – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="A&R" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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href="/w/index.php?title=A%26R&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="A&R">A&R</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Division of a record label</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"A&R" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/A%26R_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="A&R (disambiguation)">A&R (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p> <b>Artists and repertoire</b> (or <b>A&R</b> for short) is the division of a <a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record label</a> or <a href="/wiki/Music_publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Music publishing">music publishing</a> company that is responsible for scouting, financing and overseeing the artistic development of <a href="/wiki/Recording_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Recording artist">recording artists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">songwriters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RCJE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCJE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also acts as a liaison between artists and the record label or publishing company. Every activity involving artists to the point of album release is generally considered under the purview and responsibility of A&R. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responsibilities">Responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finding_talent">Finding talent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Finding talent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A&R division of a record label is responsible for finding new <a href="/wiki/Recording_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Recording artist">recording artists</a> and bringing those artists to the record company. A&R staff may go to hear emerging <a href="/wiki/Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">bands</a> play at nightclubs and festivals to scout for talent. Personnel in the A&R division are expected to understand the current tastes of the market and to be able to find artists who will be commercially successful. For this reason, A&R people are often young and many are musicians, <a href="/wiki/Music_journalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Music journalists">music journalists</a> or <a href="/wiki/Record_producers" class="mw-redirect" title="Record producers">record producers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbini1993_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbini1993-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An A&R executive is authorized to offer a <a href="/wiki/Record_contract" class="mw-redirect" title="Record contract">record contract</a>, often in the form of a "deal memo" – a short, informal document that establishes a business relationship between the recording artist and the record company.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbini1993_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbini1993-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual contract negotiations will typically be carried out by rival <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_lawyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment lawyer">entertainment lawyers</a> hired by the musician's <a href="/wiki/Artist_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist manager">manager</a> and the record company.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A&R executives rely mostly on the <a href="/wiki/Word_of_mouth" title="Word of mouth">word of mouth</a> of trusted associates, critics and business contacts, rather than on unsolicited <a href="/wiki/Demo_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Demo tape">demo tapes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeissman200325_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeissman200325-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also tend to favor the bands that play in the same city as the record label's offices.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeissman200325_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeissman200325-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseeing_the_recording_process">Overseeing the recording process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Overseeing the recording process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A&R division of a record label oversees the music style and <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">recording</a> process. This includes helping the artist to find the right record producer, scheduling time in a <a href="/wiki/Recording_studio" title="Recording studio">recording studio</a> and advising the artist on all aspects of making a high-quality recording. They work with the artist to choose the best songs (i.e., <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repertoire" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:repertoire">repertoire</a>) to record. For artists who do not write their own music, the A&R person will assist in finding songs, songwriters and arrangers. A&R staff will help find <a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">session musicians</a> for the recording. A&R executives maintain contact with their counterparts at <a href="/wiki/Music_publisher_(popular_music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music publisher (popular music)">music publishing companies</a> to get new songs and material from songwriters and producers. </p><p>As the record nears completion, the A&R department works closely with the artist to determine whether the record is acceptable to the record company. This process may include suggesting that new songs need to be written, that existing songs need a new arrangement, or that some album tracks need to be re-recorded. A key issue is whether the album has a single – a particular track which can be used to <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">market</a> the record. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assisting_with_marketing_and_promotion">Assisting with marketing and promotion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assisting with marketing and promotion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the record is completed, the A&R department consults with marketing, <a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">promotion</a>, the artist and their management to choose one or more <a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">singles</a> to help promote the record. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_influence">History and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tastes of particular A&R executives have influenced the course of music history. A&R man <a href="/wiki/John_H._Hammond" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Hammond">John Hammond</a> discovered <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>. Hammond's colleagues were initially skeptical of these artists because none of them appeared to be creating "commercial" music. Hammond's instincts proved to be correct, and these artists went on to sell hundreds of millions of records.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrial2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrial2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Gersh" title="Gary Gersh">Gary Gersh</a> signed the band <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> to <a href="/wiki/David_Geffen" title="David Geffen">David Geffen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/DGC_Records" title="DGC Records">DGC Records</a> at a time when alternative rock music was not considered commercial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShoemer1992_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShoemer1992-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gersh was able to convince his co-workers to push the record in spite of their misgivings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2009179-180_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2009179-180-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In cases like these, A&R people have radically changed the direction of popular musical tastes and introduced large numbers of people to new sounds. </p><p>This kind of prescience is the exception rather than the rule. Historically, A&R executives have tended to sign new artists who fit into recent trends and who resemble acts that are currently successful. For example, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>' A&R man in the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a>, favored traditional pop singers like <a href="/wiki/Guy_Mitchell" title="Guy Mitchell">Guy Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a>, and rejected early rock-'n'-rollers <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>. </p><p>This "trend following" mindset has generated several waves of narrowly defined genres, leading to a perception of triteness, including <a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">teen pop</a> (1998–2001), <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> (1993–1996), <a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">glam metal</a> (1986–1991) and <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> (1976–1978). Trend following can be counter-productive, since it has often led to over-promotion followed by backlash (as <a href="/wiki/Disco_sucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Disco sucks">happened to the disco genre</a> for example). Towards the end of the life of each wave or trend, record companies have found themselves faced with enormous losses as consumers' tastes changed. For example, at the end of the disco boom in 1978, millions of records were returned by record retailers, causing a deep recession in the music business that lasted until 1982, when <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(Michael_Jackson_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thriller (Michael Jackson album)">Thriller</a></i> finally brought the public back into record stores in large numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The general move towards more conservative and business-minded signings from the 1980s onwards is seen to be symptomatic of an industry where the most powerful figures are no longer music fans or people with musical backgrounds, but are business executives, a group largely composed of individuals with uniform backgrounds. Traditionally A&R executives were composers, arrangers and producers – <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a>'s heads <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Wexler" title="Jerry Wexler">Jerry Wexler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Ertegun" title="Ahmet Ertegun">Ahmet Ertegun</a> were producers and composers respectively – but an A&R with musical ability and knowledge has become a rarity, with <a href="/wiki/Ron_Fair" title="Ron Fair">Ron Fair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Kierszenbaum" title="Martin Kierszenbaum">Martin Kierszenbaum</a> being notable recent exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-hitquarters_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hitquarters-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The composer and arranger <a href="/wiki/Richard_Niles" title="Richard Niles">Richard Niles</a> has said, </p> <blockquote><p>What you've got now is huge multinational companies where most of their A&R staff are businessmen. They're people who look at music from the standpoint of marketing, not from the standpoint of music and talent. They will say, "Go out and get me anything that's popular now."<sup id="cite_ref-hitquarters_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hitquarters-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hip hop group <a href="/wiki/Wu-Tang_Clan" title="Wu-Tang Clan">Wu-Tang Clan</a> referenced this stereotype of the business-minded A&R executive in their single "<a href="/wiki/Protect_Ya_Neck" title="Protect Ya Neck">Protect Ya Neck</a>", metaphorically likening them to "mountain climbers".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_variations">Regional variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regional variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_King_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm King Records">Rhythm King Records</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lizard_King_Records" title="Lizard King Records">Lizard King Records</a> founder Martin Heath, the A&R community in the UK is more integrated than it is in the US, being very London-centric and encompassing a relatively small number of people.<sup id="cite_ref-hitquarters.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hitquarters.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "If scouts are chasing a band, you'll see the same thirty people in one room. You get a <a href="/wiki/Herd_mentality" title="Herd mentality">herd mentality</a> in the UK, but also some very diverse signings as well," he said in an interview with <a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hitquarters.com_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hitquarters.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heath believes that in the US it is more typical for A&R to wait until a band is established – having attracted other offers or achieved a level of sales – before taking action, a technique which often works out as being more expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-hitquarters.com_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hitquarters.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2000s_changes">2000s changes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2000s changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2000s_in_the_music_industry" title="2000s in the music industry">2000s in the music industry</a></div> <p>New forms of <a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">digital distribution</a> have changed the relationship between consumers and the music they choose. <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Leonhard" title="Gerd Leonhard">Gerd Leonhard</a> and others argue that the wide selection of music on digital services has allowed music consumers to bypass the traditional role of A&R.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKusekLeonhard2005_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKusekLeonhard2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of <a href="/wiki/Music_industry_in_the_21st_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Music industry in the 21st century">declining record sales</a>, many A&R staffers have been terminated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnopper2009220–221_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnopper2009220–221-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Coury" title="Al Coury">Al Coury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chas_Chandler" title="Chas Chandler">Chas Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Daly_(music_executive)" title="George Daly (music executive)">George Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Otis" title="Clyde Otis">Clyde Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Geffen" title="David Geffen">David Geffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">Impresario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kalodner" title="John Kalodner">John Kalodner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kwatakye-Atiko" title="John Kwatakye-Atiko">John Kwatakye-Atiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_DioGuardi" title="Kara DioGuardi">Kara DioGuardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Israel" title="Loren Israel">Loren Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_LaBarbera_Whites" title="Teresa LaBarbera Whites">Teresa LaBarbera Whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Anokute" title="Chris Anokute">Chris Anokute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_Winwood" title="Muff Winwood">Muff Winwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timmy_Regisford" title="Timmy Regisford">Timmy Regisford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_plugger" title="Song plugger">Song plugger</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RCJE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RCJE_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCook2005" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Richard (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/richardcooksjazz00cook"><i>Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia</i></a></span>. London: Penguin Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/richardcooksjazz00cook/page/16">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-141-00646-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-141-00646-3"><bdi>0-141-00646-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Cook%27s+Jazz+Encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-141-00646-3&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frichardcooksjazz00cook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbini1993-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbini1993_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbini1993_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlbini1993">Albini 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrasilovsky_et_al._2007" class="citation cs2">Krasilovsky, M. William; Shemel, Sidney; Gross, John M.; Feinstein, Jonathan (2007), <i>This Business of Music</i> (10th ed.), Billboard Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-7729-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-7729-2"><bdi>0-8230-7729-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Business+of+Music&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-8230-7729-2&rft.aulast=Krasilovsky&rft.aufirst=M.+William&rft.au=Shemel%2C+Sidney&rft.au=Gross%2C+John+M.&rft.au=Feinstein%2C+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeissman200325-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeissman200325_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeissman200325_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeissman2003">Weissman 2003</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrial2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrial2006_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrial2006">Prial 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShoemer1992-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShoemer1992_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShoemer1992">Shoemer 1992</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2009179-180-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2009179-180_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldberg2009">Goldberg 2009</a>, p. 179-180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Disco boom: <a href="#CITEREFKnopper2009">Knopper (2009</a>, pp. 15–35). Teen pop boom: <a href="#CITEREFKnopper2009">Knopper (2009)</a>. Knopper discusses the way the industry has overreacted to these waves throughout his book.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hitquarters-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hitquarters_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hitquarters_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouwman2007" class="citation web cs1">Bouwman, Kimbel (23 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329061035/http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview%2Fopar%2Fintrview_Richard_Niles_Interview.html">"Interview with Richard Niles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_Richard_Niles_Interview.html">the original</a> on 29 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Richard+Niles&rft.pub=HitQuarters&rft.date=2007-04-23&rft.aulast=Bouwman&rft.aufirst=Kimbel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hitquarters.com%2Findex.php3%3Fpage%3Dintrview%2Fopar%2Fintrview_Richard_Niles_Interview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2014" class="citation news cs1">Watson, Richard (26 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/nov/26/wu-tang-clan-10-of-the-best">"Wu-Tang Clan: 10 of the best"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wu-Tang+Clan%3A+10+of+the+best&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusicblog%2F2014%2Fnov%2F26%2Fwu-tang-clan-10-of-the-best&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2007" class="citation news cs1">Weiss, Jeff (19 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laweekly.com/music/wu-tang-clan-still-sting-2151230">"Wu-Tang Clan Still Sting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/LA_Weekly" title="LA Weekly">LA Weekly</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=Wu-Tang+Clan+Still+Sting&rft.date=2007-12-19&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2Fmusic%2Fwu-tang-clan-still-sting-2151230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hitquarters.com-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hitquarters.com_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hitquarters.com_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hitquarters.com_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouwman2005" class="citation web cs1">Bouwman, Kimbel (12 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314062221/http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview%2Fopar%2Fintrview_MartinHeath.html">"Interview With Martin Heath"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_MartinHeath.html">the original</a> on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+With+Martin+Heath&rft.pub=HitQuarters&rft.date=2005-12-12&rft.aulast=Bouwman&rft.aufirst=Kimbel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hitquarters.com%2Findex.php3%3Fpage%3Dintrview%2Fopar%2Fintrview_MartinHeath.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKusekLeonhard2005-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKusekLeonhard2005_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKusekLeonhard2005">Kusek & Leonhard 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnopper2009220–221-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnopper2009220–221_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnopper2009">Knopper 2009</a>, pp. 220–221.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists_and_repertoire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbini1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Albini" title="Steve Albini">Albini, Steve</a> (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928182458/http://www.negativland.com/albini.html">"The Problem with Music"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baffler" title="The Baffler">The Baffler</a></i>, no. 5, Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Frank" title="Thomas Frank">Thomas Frank</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.negativland.com/albini.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baffler&rft.atitle=The+Problem+with+Music&rft.issue=5&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Albini&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.negativland.com%2Falbini.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span> (Reprinted in <i><a href="/wiki/Maximum_Rocknroll" title="Maximum Rocknroll">Maximum Rocknroll</a></i> no. 133 (June 1994) and later various websites.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2009" class="citation cs2">Goldberg, Danny (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bumpingintogeniu00gold"><i>Bumping into Geniuses</i></a>, Penguin Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59240-483-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59240-483-4"><bdi>978-1-59240-483-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bumping+into+Geniuses&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59240-483-4&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbumpingintogeniu00gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnopper2009" class="citation cs2">Knopper, Steve (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781593762698"><i>Appetite for self-destruction : the spectacular crash of the record industry in the digital age</i></a>, New York: Free Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5215-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5215-4"><bdi>978-1-4165-5215-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appetite+for+self-destruction+%3A+the+spectacular+crash+of+the+record+industry+in+the+digital+age&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-5215-4&rft.aulast=Knopper&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781593762698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKusekLeonhard2005" class="citation cs2">Kusek, David; Leonhard, Gerd (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/futureofmusicman00kuse"><i>The future of music : manifesto for the digital music revolution</i></a>, Boston: Berklee Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87639-059-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87639-059-9"><bdi>0-87639-059-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+future+of+music+%3A+manifesto+for+the+digital+music+revolution&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Berklee+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-87639-059-9&rft.aulast=Kusek&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Leonhard%2C+Gerd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffutureofmusicman00kuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrial2006" class="citation cs2">Prial, Dunstan (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/producerjohnhamm00pria"><i>The producer : John Hammond and the soul of American music</i></a>, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-374-11304-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-374-11304-1"><bdi>0-374-11304-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+producer+%3A+John+Hammond+and+the+soul+of+American+music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-374-11304-1&rft.aulast=Prial&rft.aufirst=Dunstan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fproducerjohnhamm00pria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoemer1992" class="citation cs2">Shoemer, Karen (30 October 1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE0D7123EF933A05753C1A964958260">"Some Alternative Boundaries Fall"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Some+Alternative+Boundaries+Fall&rft.date=1992-10-30&rft.aulast=Shoemer&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E0CE0D7123EF933A05753C1A964958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissman2003" class="citation cs2">Weissman, Dick (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicbusiness00dick"><i>The music business : career opportunities and self-defense</i></a>, New York: Three Rivers Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-609-81013-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-609-81013-8"><bdi>0-609-81013-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+music+business+%3A+career+opportunities+and+self-defense&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-609-81013-8&rft.aulast=Weissman&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicbusiness00dick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtists+and+repertoire" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Music_industry" title="Template:Music industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_industry" title="Template talk:Music industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_industry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major companies<br />and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Mexicana_de_Productores_de_Fonogramas_y_Videogramas" title="Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas">AMPROFON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesverband_Musikindustrie" title="Bundesverband Musikindustrie">BVMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">IFPI (worldwide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-M%C3%BAsica_Brasil" title="Pro-Música Brasil">PMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">RIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Sony Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Publishing_Group" title="Universal Music Publishing Group">Universal Music Publishing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Chappell_Music" title="Warner Chappell Music">Warner Chappell Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Music_Publishing" title="Disney Music Publishing">Disney Music Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">Major</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent</a></b></i>: <a href="/wiki/Concord_(entertainment_company)" title="Concord (entertainment company)">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_UK_record_labels" title="List of independent UK record labels">Independent UK record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Artists_Music_Group" title="Allied Artists Music Group">AAMG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retailers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Digital music stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fnac" title="Fnac">Fnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspien" title="Kaspien">Kaspien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTS_Eventim" title="CTS Eventim">CTS Eventim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveStyle" title="LiveStyle">LiveStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">Major genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">Easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal music">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors<br />and roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_cover#Design" title="Album cover">Album cover design</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artists and repertoire (A&R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry#Business_structure" title="Music industry">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education" title="Music education">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_executive" title="Music executive">Music executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_publisher" title="Music publisher">Music publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">Music venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_promotion" title="Radio promotion">Radio promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">Record shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_crew" title="Road crew">Road crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_promoter" title="Tour promoter">Tour promoter</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Production" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backing_vocalist" title="Backing vocalist">Backup singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recording_format" title="Recording format">Release<br />formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">Extended play (EP)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelve-inch_single" title="Twelve-inch single">12" single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_single" title="Cassette single">Cassette single</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD_single" title="CD single">CD single</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxi_single" title="Maxi single">Maxi single</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">Double album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">Music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_recording" title="Promotional recording">Promotional recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-track_cartridge" title="8-track cartridge">Eight-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">Music streaming service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_tour" title="Concert tour">Concert tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_residency" title="Concert residency">Concert residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_competition" title="Music competition">Music competition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Record_chart" title="Record chart">Charts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Hot_100" title="Argentina Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Argentina Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil_Hot_100" title="Brasil Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Brasil Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100" title="Canadian Hot 100">Canadian Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Chart" title="Circle Chart">Circle Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Music" title="G-Music">G-Music chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart" title="Irish Singles Chart">Irish Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Italian singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts" title="GfK Entertainment charts">GfK Entertainment charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Monitoring_Africa" title="Entertainment Monitoring Africa">Entertainment Monitoring Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">New Zealand singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_charts" title="Rolling Stone charts"><i>Rolling Stone</i> Top 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino_Chart" title="Sino Chart">Sino Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNEP" title="SNEP">SNEP singles chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_singles_chart" title="UK singles chart">UK singles chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HitQuarters" title="HitQuarters">HitQuarters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits" title="Smash Hits">Smash Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops_(magazine)" title="Top of the Pops (magazine)">Top of the Pops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_television" title="Music television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_V" title="Channel V">Channel V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMT_(American_TV_channel)" title="CMT (American TV channel)">CMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnet_(TV_channel)" title="Mnet (TV channel)">Mnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV2" title="MTV2">MTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_(TV_channel)" title="Much (TV channel)">MuchMusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Factory" title="The Music Factory">The Music Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIVA_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Media">Viva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idol_(franchise)" title="Idol (franchise)"><i>Idol</i> franchise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popstars" title="Popstars">Popstars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Academy" title="Star Academy">Star Academy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_(franchise)" title="The Four (franchise)">The Four</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_(franchise)" title="The Voice (franchise)">The Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor" title="The X Factor">The X Factor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(franchise)" title="Rising Star (franchise)">Rising Star</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_award" title="Music award">Music award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">Best-selling music artists</a> <ul><li>In: <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Finland" title="List of best-selling music artists in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_Germany" title="List of highest-certified music artists in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_female_music_artists_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of best-selling female music artists in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <small>(Females)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States" title="List of highest-certified music artists in the United States">United States</a></li> <li>Genre: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Latin_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Latin music artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nationality: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Belgian_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Belgian music artists">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Brazil#Best-selling_Brazilian_artists_worldwide" title="List of best-selling music artists in Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biggest-selling_British_music_artists" title="List of biggest-selling British music artists">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimated_best-selling_Italian_music_artists" title="List of estimated best-selling Italian music artists">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Swedish_music_artists" title="List of best-selling Swedish music artists">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">Best-selling albums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_country" title="List of best-selling albums by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles" title="List of best-selling singles">Best-selling singles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_country" title="List of best-selling singles by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_world%27s_highest-paid_musicians" title="Forbes list of the world's highest-paid musicians">Highest-paid musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">Highest-grossing live music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">Highest-grossing concert tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_women" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by women">by women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_Latin_artists" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by Latin artists">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concert_tours" title="List of most-attended concert tours">Most-attended concert tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">Most-attended concerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Recording_Artist_of_the_Year" title="Global Recording Artist of the Year">Global Recording Artist of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">Wealthiest musical artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit" title="Album-equivalent unit">Album-equivalent unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">A-side and B-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backmasking" title="Backmasking">Backmasking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music_industry" title="Christian music industry">Christian music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_track" title="Hidden track">Hidden track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_music_deals" title="List of largest music deals">Largest music deals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">Largest recorded music markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_albums" title="List of most expensive albums">Most expensive albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_records" title="List of most valuable records">Most valuable records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">Music certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">Parental Advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_sales" title="Record sales">Record sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_album" title="Surprise album">Surprise album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_label" title="White label">White label</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, 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