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</div> </form> </div> </div> <hr/> <div id="content" class="span-13 append-1"> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12918"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/01/iraq-women-struggle-to-make-ends-meet/#respond" title="Comment on Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 1st, 2011 by Harith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/01/iraq-women-struggle-to-make-ends-meet/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet">Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/1990-1991-gulf-war/" rel="tag">1990-1991 Gulf War</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abu-ghraib/" rel="tag">Abu Ghraib</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/basra/" rel="tag">Basra</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/children/" rel="tag">Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/detainees/" rel="tag">detainees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/detention-facilities/" rel="tag">detention facilities</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/disabled-people/" rel="tag">disabled people</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorce/" rel="tag">divorce</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/diwaniya/" rel="tag">Diwaniya</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dohuk/" rel="tag">Dohuk</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/education/" rel="tag">Education</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-parcels/" rel="tag">Food parcels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/gulf-war/" rel="tag">Gulf War</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/health/" rel="tag">Health</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/hospitals/" rel="tag">Hospitals</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/husseinia/" rel="tag">Husseinia</a>, <a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ninawa/" rel="tag">Ninawa</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty/" rel="tag">Poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty-alleviation/" rel="tag">poverty alleviation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/prisoners/" rel="tag">prisoners</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/qaim/" rel="tag">Qaim</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/red-cross-messages/" rel="tag">Red Cross messages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources/" rel="tag">Resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sadr-city/" rel="tag">Sadr City</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/salah-al-din/" rel="tag">Salah al-Din</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/shirqat/" rel="tag">Shirqat</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/social-welfare/" rel="tag">social welfare</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/students/" rel="tag">Students</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sulaimaniya/" rel="tag">Sulaimaniya</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1%e2%80%8e/" rel="tag">مدينة الصدر‎</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-storage/" rel="tag">Water storage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-supply/" rel="tag">water supply</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treatment/" rel="tag">water treatment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treatment-plants/" rel="tag">water treatment plants</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-poverty-of/" rel="tag">women - poverty of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-war/" rel="tag">women and war</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-rights/" rel="tag">Women's Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b1/" rel="tag">جمعية الصليب والهلال الاحمر</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>Iraqi women have repeatedly been victims of armed conflict in recent decades. Today, as their dependence on a crumbling social structure grows, many find themselves struggling to make ends meet. The ICRC is helping them get back on their feet.</p> <p>A great many women in Iraq are facing challenges in the task of caring for their families, earning income and taking part in community and professional life. Since widespread violence erupted in 2003, they have been increasingly caught in the crossfire, killed, wounded or driven from their homes. As their menfolk have been killed or taken away in large numbers, the entire burden of running the household has been suddenly thrust upon them.</p> <p>"Regardless of the circumstance of loss, the mere fact that there is no traditional breadwinner directly affects the family’s financial situation," said Caroline Douilliez, head of the ICRC’s Women and War programme in Iraq. "The ICRC’s observations across Iraq have led us to the distressing conclusion that the lack of regular and sufficient income over the years has cast a huge number of families into severe poverty."</p> <div style="border-right: black 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: black 1px solid; padding-left: 5px; float: right; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; border-left: black 1px solid; width: 300px; padding-top: 5px; border-bottom: black 1px solid"> <p>30-03-2011 Operational Update </p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/2011/iraq-update-01-02-2011-icrc-eng.pdf" target="_blank" class="external"><strong>Download full document: "Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet"</strong></a> PDF 368 KB </li> </ul></div> <p>According to ICRC estimates, between one and two million households in Iraq today are headed by women. This figure includes women whose husbands are either dead, missing (some since as far back as 1980) or detained. Divorced women are also taken into account. All these women were wives at one time, and today remain mothers to their children and daughters to their parents, and sometimes ultimately breadwinners and caregivers for all these people. Without a male relative, they lack economic, physical and social protection and support. Often they struggle with harrowing memories of the circumstance of death or disappearance of their husband. Displaced women face the added challenge of coping with the loss of a home that they had to leave because of threats to their safety, or for lack of income.</p> <p>"With no job opportunities, with no help from relatives themselves too poor to provide it, and with no assistance from the State social-security system, these women’s daily struggle revolves around putting food on the table and paying for shelter, schooling and medical care," said Ms Douilliez. "Sometimes their only option is to take their young boys out of school and send them out to earn a few dinars for the family. As a result, future generations pay the price of today’s difficult times. Without a proper education, today’s youth will not be equipped to face their own challenges once they have families of their own."</p> <p>In response to this emergency, the ICRC has launched programmes aimed specifically to assist women heading households alone. Since 2008, the organization has focused on finding ways to help women attain self-sufficiency.</p> <p>At the same time, the ICRC closely monitors the effects of efforts made by the State to improve social-welfare benefits for women facing particular hardship. The ICRC can attest to the struggle required to increase budgetary allocations and other resources for this vulnerable group. Ms Douilliez stresses the scale of the problem and the need for a comprehensive approach by the Iraqi government.</p> <p>The ICRC is engaged in dialogue with parliamentarians and other central and provincial policy-makers to ensure that the social-welfare system for vulnerable women receives the resources it needs.</p> <p><b>Assistance:</b> Between 2009 and 2010 the ICRC assisted around 4,000 women heading households who have been displaced from their homes. Food parcels and hygiene items were distributed to women in Baghdad, Diyala and Ninawa governorates.</p> <p><b>Micro-economic initiatives:</b> The ICRC provides in-kind grants to help finance income-generating projects. The grants are extended to women who are willing and able to run such projects, which are often home-based businesses such as small shops, trade projects or food production. The projects, which have been initiated in Najaf, Basra, Missan and Baghdad since 2009, are conducted in partnership with local NGOs and monitored for several months to ensure sustainability.</p> <p><b>Social welfare benefits:</b> The ICRC, working in partnership with local NGOs, helps women handle the formalities associated with applying for social-welfare benefits. As the cost of travel to gather documents is high, especially for women who have very limited resources, it reimburses the travel expenses incurred by women in Baghdad, Anbar, Basra and Missan who have not previously applied for the allowance. In addition, the ICRC has provided the agency in charge of administering the benefit with technical support.</p> <h4>Bringing aid to people facing hardship</h4> <p>The ICRC has maintained its support for people struggling to earn a living, such as women heading households, people with disabilities and the displaced. During the months of January and February, the ICRC:</p> <ul> <li>provided emergency winter assistance for more than 44,000 displaced people in Ninawa, Kirkuk, Diyala, Baghdad, Wassit, Babil, Anbar, Salah Al-Din, Dohuk and Sulaimaniya; </li> <li>awarded 82 grants to disabled people and women heading households in Baghdad, Kirkuk, Ninawa, Sulaimaniya and Erbil to enable them to start small businesses and regain economic self-sufficiency. Around 900 households headed by women and the disabled have received such assistance since 2008. The grants have benefited over 5,000 people. </li> </ul> <h4>Assisting hospitals and physical rehabilitation centres</h4> <p>Because health-care services in some rural and conflict-prone areas are still struggling to meet the needs of the civilian population, the ICRC continues to help renovate the premises of health-care facilities and train staff. To help disabled people reintegrate into the community, the ICRC also continues to provide limb-fitting and physical rehabilitation services. In January and February:</p> <ul> <li>192 new patients were fitted with prostheses and 1,010 with orthoses at 10 ICRC-supported centres throughout Iraq; </li> <li>17 doctors and 44 nurses took part in a course on emergency services given in Sulaimaniya and Najaf for medical personnel from Koya, Erbil, Dohuk, Khanaqin, Sulaimaniya, Kirkuk, Babil, Muthanna, Diwaniya, Kerbala and Najaf. </li> </ul> <p>In 2010 the ICRC began providing on-site support for eight primary health-care centres in Diyala, Ninawa, Kirkuk, Babil and Diwaniya. By agreement with the local authorities, the ICRC visits the centres on a regular basis to maintain and, where necessary, upgrade water supply networks. The ICRC also provides advice for emergency stabilization and referral services. In addition, it helps local health administrations to ensure that stocks of medicines and vaccines are adequate and that these items are always readily available.</p> <p>Over 280,000 people, including internally displaced people, now have better access to basic health-care and emergency services in the eight primary health-care centres. By mid-2010, the ICRC was providing the centres with enhanced support for various services. Local health authorities appointed additional female doctors to work in some facilities and provided additional ambulances and beds.</p> <h4>Providing clean water and sanitation</h4> <p>Access to clean water remains difficult in much of Iraq. ICRC engineers continue to repair and upgrade water, electrical and sanitary facilities, especially in places where violence remains a concern and in rural areas to improve the quality of services provided in communities and health-care facilities. In January and February, these activities included:</p> <h5>Emergency assistance:</h5> <p>The ICRC delivered water by truck:</p> <ul> <li>to al-Sadr City (sectors 52 and 53), Husseinia and Ma’amil area in Baghdad governorate to over 4,840 internally displaced people; </li> <li>to al-Zeidan primary health-care centre in Abu Ghraib, Baghdad governorate. </li> </ul> <h5>Support for health-care facilities:</h5> <p>The ICRC completed the following works:</p> <ul> <li>upgrading the water storage capacity in al-Shirqat General Hospital (100-bed capacity) in Salah al-Din governorate; </li> <li>renovation of the sanitary facilities in three buildings (Zainab, al Kindy and al Razi) in al- Rashad Psychiatric Hospital Phase 2 Stage 2 (1,300-bed capacity) in Baghdad governorate; </li> <li>renovation of a primary health-care centre in al-Sadr City (300 patients per day) in Baghdad governorate. The area served by the centre has a population of 50,000; </li> <li>installation of specialized equipment in al-Sadr Teaching Hospital (200 bed capacity), Najaf governorate. </li> </ul> <h5>Drinking-water supply:</h5> <p>The ICRC completed 10 main projects benefiting over 612,250 people throughout the country:</p> <ul> <li>renovation of Qaim water treatment plant in Anbar governorate, serving about 170,000 people; </li> <li>renovation of a compact unit in Za’faraniya, Baghdad governorate, serving about 200,000 people; </li> <li>transfer and reinstallation of a compact unit from al-Quds to al-Rasheed in Baghdad governorate, serving about 15,000 people; </li> <li>upgrade of five compact units in Abu Ghraib district, Baghdad governorate, serving about 74,000 people; </li> <li>renovation of a compact unit in al-Shirqat, Salah al-Din governorate, serving about 20,000 people; </li> <li>renovation of a compact unit in Diyala governorate serving about 40,000 people; </li> <li>supply of a generator for Mendili and Qaratapa water treatment plants in Diyala governorate, serving about 42,000 people; </li> <li>upgrade of water supply system in Qosh villages, in Ninawa, serving about 45,000 people; </li> <li>upgrade of water supply system in Khanaqin, Diyala governorate, serving about 6,000 people; </li> <li>renovation of a compact unit in Missan governorate serving about 250 people. </li> </ul> <h5>Renovation of infrastructure in places of detention:</h5> <p>● electro-mechanical works completed in Kadhimiya maximum security prison in Baghdad governorate; <br/>● improvement of the women’s yard in Hilla Prison (No. 2), Babil governorate, serving about 50 detainees.</p> <h4>Visiting detainees</h4> <p>In January and February, ICRC delegates visited detainees held by the Iraqi Correctional Service under the authority of the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of the Interior, various branches of the Kurdish Regional Government and the United States government in 27 places of detention in 14 governorates. The delegates monitored the conditions in which detainees were being held and the treatment they received.</p> <p>The ICRC shared its observations and recommendations with the detaining authorities with a view to bringing about improvements where needed.</p> <p>In some of the places of detention, the ICRC gave detainees mattresses, blankets and recreational items such as books and games.</p> <p>The ICRC makes a special effort to restore and maintain ties between people held in detention facilities and their loved ones. In January and February over 350 Red Cross messages were exchanged between detainees and their families in Iraq and abroad. The ICRC also responded to over 750 enquiries from families seeking information on detained relatives or requesting other types of information, for instance on missing relatives. In addition, in Iraq, Iran and Kuwait, the ICRC issued close to 1,000 certificates of detention to former detainees and prisoners of war from previous international armed conflicts. The voluntary repatriation of two released detainees took place under the auspices of the ICRC. The organization also issued travel documents to 13 persons, mainly refugees, to enable them to resettle abroad. In February, the ICRC made arrangements for a three-day visit for seven Iraqi families (19 persons) to visit their loved ones detained in Kuwait Central Prison.</p> <h4>Clarifying the fate of missing people</h4> <p>During the months of January and February, the ICRC, in its role as a neutral intermediary, chaired a meeting between Iraq and Iran during which joint field work undertaken with a view to recovering the remains of soldiers killed during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War was discussed. It also chaired one meeting of the Technical Sub-Committee dealing with missing persons from the 1990-1991 Gulf War, and participated in technical meetings with the parties concerned with a view to preparing joint field exhumations.</p> <p>The mortal remains of 38 persons, presumed to be Iraqi soldiers killed during the Iran-Iraq War, were handed over by the Iranian to the Iraqi authorities under ICRC auspices.</p> <p>The ICRC continued to provide the Iraqi Ministry of Human Rights and Baghdad’s Medical-Legal Institute with the technical support they require to exchange information and build up their capacity in the area of forensics. In January, the ICRC provided training in forensic anthropology for 27 members of the Medico-Legal Institute.</p> <h4>Promoting compliance with international humanitarian law</h4> <p>Reminding parties to a conflict of their obligation to protect civilians is a fundamental part of the ICRC’s work. The organization also endeavours to spread knowledge of international humanitarian law by organizing presentations for various audiences, including military personnel, prison staff, students and professors.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/update/2011/iraq-update-2011-03-30.htm" class="external" target="_blank">Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-8966"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/03/05/red-crosss-iraq-making-the-best-of-a-bad-situation/#respond" title="Comment on Red Crosss: Iraq: making the best of a bad situation">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 5th, 2010 by Haleema Al-Azzawi</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/03/05/red-crosss-iraq-making-the-best-of-a-bad-situation/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Red Crosss: Iraq: making the best of a bad situation">Red Crosss: Iraq: making the best of a bad situation</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/human-rights/" title="View all posts in Human Rights" rel="category tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/amarah/" rel="tag">Amarah</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/features/" rel="tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/icrc/" rel="tag">ICRC</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/idps-internal-refugees/" rel="tag">IDPs (Internal Refugees)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/internal-displacement/" rel="tag">internal displacement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/international-womens-day/" rel="tag">international womens' day</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/maysan-governorate/" rel="tag">Maysan (Governorate)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rape-prevalence-of/" rel="tag">Rape - prevalence of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/red-crescentred-cross/" rel="tag">Red Crescent/Red Cross</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/red-cross-news/" rel="tag">red cross news</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees/" rel="tag">Refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees-attacks-on/" rel="tag">Refugees - attacks on</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-children/" rel="tag">Women and Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-war/" rel="tag">women and war</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-in-war/" rel="tag">Women in war</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b1/" rel="tag">جمعية الصليب والهلال الاحمر</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>After decades of war in Iraq, many families are destitute or living in poverty. Many male breadwinners have been detained or killed or have disappeared. ICRC delegate Caroline Douilliez met with two Iraqi women, who told her how they ensure their family’s survival.</p> <div style="border-right: lightgrey 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: lightgrey 1px solid; padding-left: 5px; float: right; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; border-left: lightgrey 1px solid; width: 360px; padding-top: 5px; border-bottom: lightgrey 1px solid"> <p><b>Other documents from the Red Cross: </b></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/icrc_worldwide?OpenDocument" class="external" target="_blank">The ICRC worldwide</a> > <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/middle_east_north_africa?OpenDocument" class="external" target="_blank">Middle East and North Africa</a> > <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/iraq?OpenDocument" class="external" target="_blank">Iraq</a> </li> </ul> <p><b>Other sections of the Red Cross Site:</b></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/html/refugees_displaced_persons!Open" class="external" target="_blank">Focus\War and displacement</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/html/middle_east_north_africa!Open" class="external" target="_blank">The ICRC worldwide\Middle East and North Africa</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/html/section_economic_security!Open" class="external" target="_blank">ICRC Activities\Assistance\Economic security</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/html/women!Open" class="external" target="_blank">Focus\Women and war</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/03/05/red-cross-women-and-displacement-strength-in-adversity/">Red Cross: Women and displacement: strength in adversity | Gorilla’s Guides</a></p> </p></div> <p>"It was a daily struggle to find food and get by, knocking on every door to get help or ask for money. I couldn’t see farther than the evening; there was no tomorrow". Six months ago, Siham*. was a woman without hope. In 2004, her husband disappeared on his way to visit a friend, and he has been missing ever since. The same year, her daughter Salma, a mother of two young girls, was widowed when her husband was captured by an armed group, tortured and killed. In 2006, Siham’s eldest son, Mahmoud, a driver, was killed in a road accident. In 2007, her second son, Ammer, a TV technician, was caught in crossfire and paralysed from the waist down. Since that fateful event he has been spending his days lying on a mattress in the living room. </p> <p>And asintr if this succession of tragedies were not enough, the situation in Siham’s neighbourhood in Baghdad became so dangerous that she and her bereaved family had to flee and join the hundreds of thousands of displaced Iraqis, settling in Amara, in Missan Governorate, in southern Iraq. Having lost almost all their belongings, Siham, her disabled son, and her widowed daughter with her two teenage girls struggled to pay the rent for a small run-down house in the middle of a garbage-filled neighbourhood. At 24, her youngest and only able-bodied son became the sole breadwinner and struggled to find daily work. </p> <p>The fate of Siham’s family is common in Iraq today. Since 2003, 80 – 90 per cent of the people killed as the result of the conflict in the country are men. According to estimates, between 1 and 3 million households are headed by women − widows, wives of missing persons or detainees, and divorcees or women who have been abandoned by their husbands. In a country where women traditionally depend on men as breadwinners and social protectors, those who suddenly have to take responsibility for the survival of their families face tremendous challenges. Their relatives cannot help them, since they are themselves struggling in a failing economy. Women often have limited education and no job experience. What is more, Iraqi society is not ready for such a shift in traditional roles. Jobs are scarce, and men are usually given precedence. Due to conservative attitudes, a woman who leaves her home every day is liable to taint her reputation. </p> <p>There are several support mechanisms, such as a welfare allowance for women who have no breadwinners, but although efforts have been made in the last year, there are still too many women who do not have access to it. </p> <h3>Facing up to the challenge </h3> <p>When the ICRC first visited Siham in April 2009 to find out how to help her by financing a small project, she and her daughter Salma came up with the idea of running a small business in the neighbourhood. They planned to sell meat, chicken or ice cream. With financial support from the ICRC, they invested in a freezer and products and started their business from home. Customers now come to their home every day from all around the neighbourhood. </p> <p>Neither Siham nor her daughter ever had a job before. They were both married at 14. Only Salma can read and write, so she is in charge of the accounts and responsible for ensuring that there is enough money to buy new stocks. She has already filled five notebooks. "Even though we don’t earn much and a lot of customers ask to pay in instalments, the business still covers all our daily expenses," she says. The smell of chicken cooking on the stove is testimony to the new comfort their work has brought the household. Salma is particularly proud. "I have been able to buy a TV and better clothes for my teenage daughters," she says. "Now we’re busy every day planning how to expand the business. We have already added flour and rice to the staples we sell, and we’ve tried selling cooked meals. Now we’re thinking of selling small furniture." </p> <p>To help women cover their families’ basic needs, the ICRC in Iraq has launched over 20 similar income-generating projects in collaboration with local non-governmental organizations in Baghdad, Basra and Najaf. In addition, the ICRC supports women when they apply for their welfare allowance and monitors the administrative process. </p> <p>Siham and Salma now need to find the energy to continue to fight for their rights. "It’s a good feeling to have our own money and the community accepting our business because we have no men to take care of us. But if we had husbands, we would never have worked". Yet Salma intends her daughters to follow tradition. Now 13 and 15 years old, they stopped going to school several years ago and will soon be married. </p> <p>* The names have been changed.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/iraq-feature-020310" class="external" target="_blank">Iraq: making the best of a bad situation</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-8964"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/03/05/red-cross-women-and-displacement-strength-in-adversity/#respond" title="Comment on Red Cross: Women and displacement: strength in adversity">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 5th, 2010 by Haleema Al-Azzawi</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/03/05/red-cross-women-and-displacement-strength-in-adversity/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Red Cross: Women and displacement: strength in adversity">Red Cross: Women and displacement: strength in adversity</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/human-rights/" title="View all posts in Human Rights" rel="category tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/war-crimes/" title="View all posts in War Crimes" rel="category tag">War Crimes</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/armed-conflict/" rel="tag">armed conflict</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/border-crossings/" rel="tag">border crossings</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/civilians/" rel="tag">Civilians</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/colombia/" rel="tag">Colombia</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/congo/" rel="tag">Congo</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/darfur/" rel="tag">Darfur</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/displacement/" rel="tag">displacement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/features/" rel="tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/health/" rel="tag">Health</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/icrc/" rel="tag">ICRC</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/idps-internal-refugees/" rel="tag">IDPs (Internal Refugees)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/internal-displacement/" rel="tag">internal displacement</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/international-womens-day/" rel="tag">international womens' day</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rape/" rel="tag">Rape</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rape-prevalence-of/" rel="tag">Rape - prevalence of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/red-crescentred-cross/" rel="tag">Red Crescent/Red Cross</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/red-cross-news/" rel="tag">red cross news</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees/" rel="tag">Refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/refugees-attacks-on/" rel="tag">Refugees - attacks on</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources/" rel="tag">Resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/stereotypes/" rel="tag">stereotypes</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sudan/" rel="tag">Sudan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/trauma/" rel="tag">trauma</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-children/" rel="tag">Women and Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-war/" rel="tag">women and war</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-in-war/" rel="tag">Women in war</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/yemen/" rel="tag">Yemen</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b1/" rel="tag">جمعية الصليب والهلال الاحمر</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>The displacement of populations is one of the gravest consequences of today’s armed conflicts. It affects women in a host of ways. But far from being helpless victims, women are resourceful, resilient and courageous in the face of hardship. Nadine Puechguirbal, the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/home!Open" target="_blank" class="external">ICRC</a> adviser on women and war explains.</p> <p><b>Why is the ICRC raising awareness of women displaced by armed conflicts worldwide on International Women’s Day? </b></p> <div style="border-right: lightgrey 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: lightgrey 1px solid; padding-left: 5px; float: right; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; border-left: lightgrey 1px solid; width: 300px; padding-top: 5px; border-bottom: lightgrey 1px solid"> <p><small><b>See also this coverage from the International Committee of the Red Cross:</b></small> </p> <p><strong>News release:</strong> </p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/women-news-040310" class="external" target="_blank">Giving a say to displaced women</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Photo gallery: </strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/photos-women-displacement-190210" class="external" target="_blank">Facing up to hardship</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Features from:</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/women-displacement-feature-020310" class="external" target="_blank">Colombia</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/congo-kinshasa-feature-040310" class="external" target="_blank">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/senegal-feature-020310" class="external" target="_blank">Senegal</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/iraq-feature-020310" class="external" target="_blank">Iraq</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/yemen-feature-081009" class="external" target="_blank">Yemen</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Films</strong>: </p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/sudan-video-141209" class="external" target="_blank">Lost in Darfur, Mariam’s story</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/owym-video-drc-sexual-violence" class="external" target="_blank">The healing power of words</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/f00936" class="external" target="_blank">Women fleeing war</a> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Publication:</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/p1014" class="external" target="_blank">Internal displacement in armed conflict</a> </li> </ul> <p><b>Other documents in this section: </b></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/focus?OpenDocument" class="external" target="_blank">Focus</a> > <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/women?OpenDocument" class="external" target="_blank">Women and war</a> </li> </ul> <p><b>In other sections:</b></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/html/refugees_displaced_persons!Open" class="external" target="_blank">Focus\War and displacement</a> </li> </ul> </p></div> <p>We want not only to draw attention to the plight of these women but also to acknowledge their tremendous courage and resilience in ensuring the survival of their families in hostile and unfamiliar circumstances. </p> <p>I think it is equally important to raise awareness of the specific threats women face as a result of displacement. All too often, women and children are lumped together as the most vulnerable group. However, the two are very different groups, each with specific vulnerabilities and needs. </p> <p>Women are not totally helpless. Our idea is to move away from assumptions and stereotypes and instead call attention to women’s specific needs, vulnerabilities in wartime, and indeed the remarkable strength they show in protecting and supporting their families and finding ingenuous ways of coping with their ordeal. </p> <p><b>Why in armed conflicts are displaced women often at greater risk than displaced men?</b></p> <p>The overwhelming majority of armed conflicts are started, organized and led by men, yet women represent a large proportion of war victims. During an armed conflict, civilians not participating in the hostilities are often forced to flee their homes to avoid being caught up in violence. Women and their families are compelled to leave behind their homes and communities. In the ensuing panic and chaos, many women find themselves alone with their children to look after single-handedly. Imagine the pain of being brutally uprooted from perhaps the safest place you have known your whole life.</p> <p>Suddenly, women have to shoulder all the daily responsibilities for ensuring their own survival and that of their families, which many do by drawing on their resourcefulness and courage. Displaced women often have to travel long distances to find water, food, firewood, medicines and other essentials. In so doing, they put themselves at great risk of sexual violence, abuse and injury from landmines or unexploded ordnance, among other dangers. The burden of family responsibility, coupled with the anguish and trauma of sudden loss, also takes a huge toll on the women’s health. </p> <p>In cultures where women may only travel when accompanied by a male relative, the separation from her husband can restrict a woman’s ability to flee from hostilities. She may also lack the necessary identification documents to cross checkpoints or international boarders, or the funds to pay for transport. Reports abound of women being harassed at border crossings and checkpoints. <br/>A camp or IDP community may offer displaced women relative safety but does not end their plight. On the contrary, the camp environment can present new risks and burdens. Whereas women might have relied on family and kinship networks for food and resource sharing, separation from their families and communities deprives them of this support. </p> <p>Lack of resources may lead to situations where, by virtue of their sex, women are relegated to last place in terms of access to food or water, meaning, they eat less and last. There is also a real danger of their resorting to exchanging sexual favours for food or other essentials.</p> <p>Lack of safety and privacy in camps may expose women to health problems, for instance by increasing the risk of sexual violence. The trauma of their experience, conflict-related injury, sexual violence and unplanned pregnancy will inevitably increase women’s need for health care. Yet displacement can hinder their access to quality health care at a time when they need it most. </p> <p><b>Rather than being passive victims, women in conflict situations often find ingenuous ways of coping. Could you give us examples?</b></p> <p>The media commonly portray women as passive victims of fighting; a poignant story to move and influence public opinion and gain audience interest. Whilst women all too often suffer horrific violence and cruelty in times of war, I feel it is important to go beyond this portrayal to fully understand their ordeal, without downplaying it. </p> <p>ICRC delegates often witness the remarkable courage of displaced women: exploiting available resources; finding food and shelter for their dependents; and organizing themselves into associations in order to have a stronger, unified voice. </p> <p>Harrowing stories occasionally surface from the Democratic Republic of the Congo about sexual violence meted out to women. That some survive to support themselves – and often their children, born of their ordeal and ostracized by their families – testifies to the women’s strength. In North Kivu psychosocial workers, supported by the ICRC, counsel women victims of rape and help them rebuild their lives. The organization enables the women to carry out income-generating projects to strengthen their self-reliance.</p> <p>In Iraq, displaced women are exceptionally resourceful and determined to ensure the survival of their families. Deprived of traditional sources of income, women are forced to adopt new roles – defying social expectations and through whatever means possible, including manual labour – to earn money and put food on the table.</p> <p>Women play a vital role in maintaining the health and welfare of their family and community. Their role in preventing and managing sickness and disease is essential when access to health care is limited. During emergencies women may assist in delivering babies in their communities when trained medical personnel are out of reach. Traditional birth attendants may offer the only reproductive health care for many displaced women and their infants. </p> <p><b>Those who seek to help IDPs must pay greater attention to the views of displaced women. How does the ICRC go about this?</b></p> <p>Firstly, the ICRC is aware that in IDP camps, a woman’s voice often goes unheard, meaning her specific needs are overlooked. Women tend to avoid talking openly about their most personal needs, so it is vital to create a safe space for dialogue regarding their concerns. To ensure that women are neither ignored nor exploited, the ICRC increasingly involves them in planning, implementing and evaluating programmes.</p> <p>We also recognize that the concept of women as passive beneficiaries is incapacitating and can result in excluding women from humanitarian efforts. Yet failure to consult women about their needs or involve them in planning projects affects the quality, efficiency and efficacy of assistance. The ICRC knows that women are generally responsible for their families’ food needs. Therefore their input is critical in determining the type and quantity of food the organization distributes, and the location of food distribution points, for safety reasons and easy access. </p> <p>Experience has shown that when women are asked for input directly, their views and priorities differ from those of the men who purport to speak for them. This is true of Casamance, in Senegal, where women participate in community meetings. At such meetings, the ICRC ensures that women’s voices are heard, and has found that their insight strengthens our ability to respond to the needs of the population in general. </p> <p>In using International Women’s Day to draw attention to displaced women, the ICRC is giving a voice to women who have responded actively to their plight, thereby revealing their strength and resilience to overcome appalling suffering and ultimately emerge stronger. </p> <p><b>How does the ICRC take into account the fact that the needs of women often differ from those of men or children? </b></p> <p>We recognize the particular ways in which conflict and displacement affect women: the specific dangers and threats; and the social transformation that may occur when women assume new responsibilities. Obviously, women, men, boys and girls are exposed to different risks. While men make up the vast majority of those killed, detained or made to disappear during war, women are increasingly targeted as civilians and exposed to sexual violence. </p> <p>We have developed a more sensitive and thorough understanding of the roles, responsibilities and experiences of women and men. In turn, this is allowing us to tailor our response more accurately to the specific needs of women and men in times of conflict.</p> <p><strong>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/home!Open" target="_blank" class="external">ICRC</a></strong> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025164528/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/women-displacement-interview-020310" class="external" target="_blank">Women and displacement: strength in adversity</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="span-10 last"> <div class="span-10" id="tabs"> <ul> <li class="ui-tabs-nav-item"><a href="#featured-articles">Featured Articles</a></li> <li class="ui-tabs-nav-item"><a href="#latest-articles">Latest Articles</a></li> </ul> <div id="featured-articles" class="widget"> <ul> <li><a 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