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href="/info/">Help & Documentation</a></li><li><a href="/info/about/" title="About the Ensembl Project">About the Ensembl Project</a></li><li class="last">Scientific Publications</li></ul> <div id="content"><div id="static"> <h1>Scientific Publications</h1> <h2>Citing Ensembl</h2> <p> If you've used Ensembl in your work, please cite the <a href="#current_ensembl">most recent</a> overview article and the Ensembl release you retrieved your data from (currently 104). References for the specific genome assembly can be found on the <b>More information and statistics</b> page for a species (<a href ="/Homo_sapiens/Info/Annotation">eg human</a>). For more specialised aspects of our system, further articles are listed below. </p> <h2>Citing Ensembl Data</h2> <p> Since release 25, all Ensembl releases have been archived as fully functional sites for about three years. This makes it possible to accurately cite data being referred to in a paper, even though the main Ensembl site is being continuously updated (currently release 104 - May 2021). For more information see the <a href="/info/website/archives/">list of current archives</a>. </p> <h2>Publications</h2> <ul> <li id="current_ensembl"> <p id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2021"> Kevin L Howe, Premanand Achuthan, James Allen, Jamie Allen, Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta, M Ridwan Amode, Irina M Armean, Andrey G Azov, Ruth Bennett, Jyothish Bhai, Konstantinos Billis, Sanjay Boddu, Mehrnaz Charkhchi, Carla Cummins, Luca Da Rin Fioretto, Claire Davidson, Kamalkumar Dodiya, Bilal El Houdaigui, Reham Fatima, Astrid Gall, Carlos Garcia Giron, Tiago Grego, Cristina Guijarro-Clarke, Leanne Haggerty, Anmol Hemrom, Thibaut Hourlier, Osagie G Izuogu, Thomas Juettemann, Vinay Kaikala, Mike Kay, Ilias Lavidas, Tuan Le, Diana Lemos, Jose Gonzalez Martinez, José Carlos Marugán, Thomas Maurel, Aoife C McMahon, Shamika Mohanan, Benjamin Moore, Matthieu Muffato, Denye N Oheh, Dimitrios Paraschas, Anne Parker, Andrew Parton, Irina Prosovetskaia, Manoj P Sakthivel, Ahamed I Abdul Salam, Bianca M Schmitt, Helen Schuilenburg, Dan Sheppard, Emily Steed, Michal Szpak, Marek Szuba, Kieron Taylor, Anja Thormann, Glen Threadgold, Brandon Walts, Andrea Winterbottom, Marc Chakiachvili, Ameya Chaubal, Nishadi De Silva, Bethany Flint, Adam Frankish, Sarah E Hunt, Garth R IIsley, Nick Langridge, Jane E Loveland, Fergal J Martin, Jonathan M Mudge, Joanella Morales, Emily Perry, Magali Ruffier, John Tate, David Thybert, Stephen J Trevanion, Fiona Cunningham, Andrew D Yates, Daniel R Zerbino, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2021.</strong><br /> <i>Nucleic Acids Res.</i> 2021, vol. 49(1):884–891<br /> PubMed PMID: 33137190.</br > <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa942">doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa942</a> </p> </li> <li> <p id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2020"> Andrew D Yates, Premanand Achuthan, Wasiu Akanni, James Allen, Jamie Allen, Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta, M Ridwan Amode, Irina M Armean, Andrey G Azov, Ruth Bennett, Jyothish Bhai, Konstantinos Billis, Sanjay Boddu, José Carlos Marugán, Carla Cummins, Claire Davidson, Kamalkumar Dodiya, Reham Fatima, Astrid Gall, Carlos Garcia Giro´n, Laurent Gil, Tiago Grego, Leanne Haggerty, Erin Haskell, Thibaut Hourlier, Osagie G Izuogu, Sophie H Janacek, Thomas Juettemann, Mike Kay, Ilias Lavidas, Tuan Le, Diana Lemos, Jose Gonzalez Martinez, Thomas Maurel, Mark McDowall, Aoife McMahon, Shamika Mohanan, Benjamin Moore, Michael Nuhn, Denye N Oheh, Anne Parker, Andrew Parton, Mateus Patricio, Manoj Pandian Sakthivel, Ahamed Imran Abdul Salam, Bianca M Schmitt, Helen Schuilenburg, Dan Sheppard, Mira Sycheva, Marek Szuba, Kieron Taylor, Anja Thormann, Glen Threadgold, Alessandro Vullo, Brandon Walts, Andrea Winterbottom, Amonida Zadissa, Marc Chakiachvili, Bethany Flint, Adam Frankish, Sarah E Hunt, Garth IIsley, Myrto Kostadima, Nick Langridge, Jane E Loveland, Fergal J Martin, Joannella Morales, Jonathan M Mudge, Matthieu Muffato, Emily Perry, Magali Ruffier, Stephen J Trevanion, Fiona Cunningham, Kevin L Howe, Daniel R Zerbino, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2020.</strong><br /> PubMed PMID: 31691826.</br > <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz966">doi:10.1093/nar/gkz966</a> </p> </li> <li> <p id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2019"> Fiona Cunningham, Premanand Achuthan, Wasiu Akanni, James Allen, M. Ridwan Amode, Irina Armean, Ruth Bennett, Jyothish Bhai, Konstantinos Billis, Sanjay Boddu, Carla Cummins, Claire Davidson, Kamalkumar Jayantilal Dodiya, Astrid Gall, Carlos García Giro´n, Laurent Gil, Tiago Grego, Leanne Haggerty, Erin Haskell, Thibaut Hourlier, Osagie G. Izuogu, Sophie H. Janacek, Thomas Juettemann, Mike Kay, Matthew R. Laird, Ilias Lavidas, Zhicheng Liu, Jane E. Loveland, José C Marugán, Thomas Maurel, Aoife C MacMahon, Benjamin Moore, Joannella Morales, Jonathan M Mudge, Michael Nuhn, Denye Ogeh, Anne Parker, Andrew Parton, Mateus Patricio, Ahamed Imran Abdul Salam, Bianca M Schmitt, Helen Schuilenburg, Dan Sheppard, Helen Sparrow, Eloise Stapleton, Marek Szuba, Kieron Taylor, Glen Threadgold, Anja Thormann, Alessandro Vullo, Brandon Walts, Andrea Winterbottom, Amonida Zadissa, Marc Chakiachvili, Adam Frankish, Sarah E. Hunt, Myrto Kostadima, Nicholas Langridge, Fergal J. Martin, Matthieu Muffato, Emily Perry, Magali Ruffier, Dan M. Staines, Stephen J. Trevanion, Bronwen L. Aken, Andrew Yates, Daniel Zerbino, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2019.</strong><br /> PubMed PMID: 30407521.</br > <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky1113">doi:10.1093/nar/gky1113</a> </p> </li> <li id="current_variation"> Sarah E Hunt, William McLaren, Laurent Gil, Anja Thormann, Helen Schuilenburg, Dan Sheppard, Andrew Parton, Irina M Armean, Stephen J Trevanion, Paul Flicek, Fiona Cunningham<br /> <strong>Ensembl variation resources</strong><br /> <i>Database</i> Volume 2018<br /> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bay119" rel="external">doi:10.1093/database/bay119</a> </li> <li id="current_haplosaurus"> William Spooner, William McLaren, Timothy Slidel, Donna K. Finch, Robin Butler, Jamie Campbell, Laura Eghobamien, David Rider, Christine Mione Kiefer, Matthew J. Robinson, Colin Hardman, Fiona Cunningham, Tristan Vaughan, Paul Flicek and Catherine Chaillan Huntington<br /> <strong>Haplosaurus computes protein haplotypes for use in precision drug design.</strong><br /> <i>Nature Communications</i> 9:4128(2018)<br /> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06542-1" rel="external">doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06542-1</a> </li> <li> <p id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2018"> Daniel R. Zerbino, Premanand Achuthan, Wasiu Akanni, M. Ridwan Amode, Daniel Barrell, Jyothish Bhai, Konstantinos Billis, Carla Cummins, Astrid Gall, Carlos García Giro´n, Laurent Gil, Leo Gordon, Leanne Haggerty, Erin Haskell, Thibaut Hourlier, Osagie G. Izuogu, Sophie H. Janacek, Thomas Juettemann, Jimmy Kiang To, Matthew R. Laird, Ilias Lavidas, Zhicheng Liu, Jane E. Loveland, Thomas Maurel, William McLaren, Benjamin Moore, Jonathan Mudge, Daniel N. Murphy, Victoria Newman, Michael Nuhn, Denye Ogeh, Chuang Kee Ong, Anne Parker, Mateus Patricio, Harpreet Singh Riat, Helen Schuilenburg, Dan Sheppard, Helen Sparrow, Kieron Taylor, Anja Thormann, Alessandro Vullo, Brandon Walts, Amonida Zadissa, Adam Frankish, Sarah E. Hunt, Myrto Kostadima, Nicholas Langridge, Fergal J. Martin, Matthieu Muffato, Emily Perry, Magali Ruffier, Dan M. Staines, Stephen J. Trevanion, Bronwen L. Aken, Fiona Cunningham, Andrew Yates, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2018.</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Res.</em> 2018 46 Database issue:D754–D761.<br /> PubMed PMID: 29155950.</br > <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1098">doi:10.1093/nar/gkx1098</a> </p> </li> <li> <p id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2017"> Bronwen L. Aken, Premanand Achuthan, Wasiu Akanni, M. Ridwan Amode, Friederike Bernsdorff, Jyothish Bhai, Konstantinos Billis, Denise Carvalho-Silva, Carla Cummins, Peter Clapham, Laurent Gil, Carlos García Girón, Leo Gordon, Thibaut Hourlier, Sarah E. Hunt, Sophie H. Janacek, Thomas Juettemann, Stephen Keenan, Matthew R. Laird, Ilias Lavidas, Thomas Maurel, William McLaren, Benjamin Moore, Daniel N. Murphy, Rishi Nag, Victoria Newman, Michael Nuhn, Chuang Kee Ong, Anne Parker, Mateus Patricio, Harpreet Singh Riat, Daniel Sheppard, Helen Sparrow, Kieron Taylor, Anja Thormann, Alessandro Vullo, Brandon Walts, Steven P. Wilder, Amonida Zadissa, Myrto Kostadima, Fergal J. Martin, Matthieu Muffato, Emily Perry, Magali Ruffier, Daniel M. Staines, Stephen J. Trevanion, Fiona Cunningham, Andrew Yates, Daniel R. Zerbino, Paul Flicek.</br> <strong>Ensembl 2017.</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Res.</em> 2017 45 Database issue:D635-D642.<br /> PubMed PMID: 27899575; PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC5210575.</br > <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1104">doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1104</a> </p> </li> <li id="Core_2017"> <p>Magali Ruffier, Andreas Kähäri, Monika Komorowska, Stephen Keenan, Matthew Laird, Ian Longden, Glenn Proctor, Steve Searle, Daniel Staines, Kieron Taylor, Alessandro Vullo, Andrew Yates, Daniel Zerbino, Paul Flicek</br/> <b>Ensembl core software resources: storage and programmatic access for DNA sequence and genome annotation</b><br /> <i>Database</i> 2017, bax020<br /> <a href="https://academic.oup.com/database/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/database/bax020/19231914/bax020.pdf">doi: 10.1093/database/bax020</a> </p> </li> <li id="Genebuild_2016"> <p>Bronwen L. Aken, Sarah Ayling, Daniel Barrell1, Laura Clarke, Valery Curwen, Susan Fairley, Julio Fernandez Banet, Konstantinos Billis, Carlos Garcín Girón, Thibaut Hourlier, Kevin Howe, Andreas Kähäri, Felix Kokocinski, Fergal J. Martin, Daniel N. Murphy, Rishi Nag, Magali Ruffier, Michael Schuster, Y. Amy Tang, Jan-Hinnerk Vogel, Simon White, Amonida Zadissa, Paul Flicek and Stephen M. J. Searle</br/> <b>The Ensembl gene annotation system</b><br /> <i>Database</i> 2016, baw093<br /> <a href="http://database.oxfordjournals.org/content/2016/baw093.full">doi: 10.1093/database/baw093</a> </p> </li> <li id="current_vep"> <p id="VEP">William McLaren, Laurent Gil, Sarah Hunt, Harpreet Riat, Graham Ritchie, Anja Thormann, Paul Flicek, Fiona Cunningham<br /> <b>The Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor</b><br /> <i>Genome Biology</i> 2016, 17:122,<br /> <a href="http://www.genomebiology.com/2016/17/1/122">doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-0974-4</a> </p> </li> <li id="ncRNA_trees_2016"> <p> Miguel Pignatelli, Albert J. Vilella, Matthieu Muffato, Leo Gordon, Simon White, Paul Flicek, Javier Herrero<br /> <strong>ncRNA orthologies in the vertebrate lineage.</strong><br /> <em>Database (Oxford)</em> 2016 pii:bav127.<br /> PubMed PMID: 26896847; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4761110<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/database/bav127">doi:10.1093/database/bav127</a>. </p> </li> <li id="Comparative_genomics_resources_2016"> <p> Javier Herrero, Matthieu Muffato, Kathryn Beal, Stephen Fitzgerald, Leo Gordon, Miguel Pignatelli, Albert J. Vilella, Stephen M Searle, Ridwan Amode, Simon Brent, William Spooner, Eugene Kulesha, Andrew Yates, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong> Ensembl comparative genomics resources.</strong><br /> <em>Database (Oxford)</em> 2016 pii:bav096.<br /> PubMed PMID: 26896847; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4761110<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/database/bav096">doi:10.1093/database/bav096</a>. </p> </li> <li id="Regulation_resources_2016"> <p> Daniel R Zerbino, Nathan Johnson, Thomas Juetteman, Dan Sheppard, Steven P. Wilder, Ilias Lavidas, Michael Nuhn, Emily Perry, Quentin Raffaillac-Desfosses, Daniel Sobral, Damian Keefe, Stefan Grä, Ikhlak Ahmed, Rhoda Kinsella, Bethan Pritchard, Simon Brent, Ridwan Amode, Anne Parker, Stephen Trevanion, Ewan Birney, Ian Dunham, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl regulation resources.</strong><br /> <em>Database (Oxford)</em> 2016 pii:bav119.<br /> PubMed PMID: 26888907; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4756621.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/database/bav119">doi:10.1093/database/bav119</a>. </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2016"> <p> Andrew Yates, Wasiu Akanni, M. Ridwan Amode, Daniel Barrell, Konstantinos Billis, Denise Carvalho-Silva, Carla Cummins, Peter Clapham, Stephen Fitzgerald, Laurent Gil1 Carlos Garcín Girón, Leo Gordon, Thibaut Hourlier, Sarah E. Hunt, Sophie H. Janacek, Nathan Johnson, Thomas Juettemann, Stephen Keenan, Ilias Lavidas, Fergal J. Martin, Thomas Maurel, William McLaren, Daniel N. Murphy, Rishi Nag, Michael Nuhn, Anne Parker, Mateus Patricio, Miguel Pignatelli, Matthew Rahtz, Harpreet Singh Riat, Daniel Sheppard, Kieron Taylor, Anja Thormann, Alessandro Vullo, Steven P. Wilder, Amonida Zadissa, Ewan Birney, Jennifer Harrow, Matthieu Muffato, Emily Perry, Magali Ruffier, Giulietta Spudich, Stephen J. Trevanion, Fiona Cunningham, Bronwen L. Aken, Daniel R. Zerbino, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2016.</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Res.</em> 2016 44 Database issue:D710-6.<br /> PubMed PMID: 26687719; PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC4702834.</br > <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1157">doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1157</a> </p> </li> <li id="Regulatory_Build_2015"> <p> Daniel R Zerbino, Steven P Wilder, Nathan Johnson, Thomas Juettemann and Paul R Flicek<br /> <strong>The Ensembl Regulatory Build</strong><br /> <em>Genome Biology</em> (2015) 16:56<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0621-5" rel="external">doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0621-5</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2015"> <p>Fiona Cunningham, M. Ridwan Amode, Daniel Barrell, Kathryn Beal, Konstantinos Billis, Simon Brent, Denise Carvalho-Silva, Peter Clapham, Guy Coates, Stephen Fitzgerald, Laurent Gil, Carlos Garcín Girón, Leo Gordon, Thibaut Hourlier, Sarah E. Hunt, Sophie H. Janacek, Nathan Johnson, Thomas Juettemann, Andreas K. Kähäri, Stephen Keenan, Fergal J. Martin, Thomas Maurel, William McLaren, Daniel N. Murphy, Rishi Nag, Bert Overduin, Anne Parker, Mateus Patricio, Emily Perry, Miguel Pignatelli, Harpreet Singh Riat, Daniel Sheppard, Kieron Taylor, Anja Thormann, Alessandro Vullo, Steven P. Wilder, Amonida Zadissa, Bronwen L. Aken, Ewan Birney, Jennifer Harrow, Rhoda Kinsella, Matthieu Muffato, Magali Ruffier, Stephen M.J. Searle, Giulietta Spudich, Stephen J. Trevanion, Andy Yates, Daniel R. Zerbino and Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2015</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2015 43 Database issue:D662-D669<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1010" rel="external">doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1010</a> </p> </li> <li id="current_rest"> <p id="REST_2014">Andrew Yates, Kathryn Beal, Stephen Keenan, William McLaren, Miguel Pignatelli, Graham R. S. Ritchie, Magali Ruffier, Kieron Taylor, Alessandro Vullo, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>The Ensembl REST API: Ensembl Data for Any Language</strong><br /> <em>Bioinformatics</em> 2014 31: 143-14<br /> <a href="http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/1/143" rel="external">doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu613</a> </p> </li> <li id="Wiggle_2014"> <p>Zerbino DR, Johnson N, Juettemann T, Wilder SP, Flicek P.<br /> <strong>WiggleTools: parallel processing of large collections of genome-wide datasets for visualization and statistical analysis.</strong><br /> <em>Bioinformatics</em> 2014 30:1008-9</br /> <a href="http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/7/1008" rel="external">doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt73731</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2014"> <p> Paul Flicek, M. Ridwan Amode, Daniel Barrell, Kathryn Beal, Konstantinos Billis, Simon Brent, Denise Carvalho-Silva, Peter Clapham, Guy Coates, Stephen Fitzgerald, Laurent Gil, Carlos García Girón, Leo Gordon, Thibaut Hourlier, Sarah Hunt, Nathan Johnson, Thomas Juettemann, Andreas K. Kähäri, Stephen Keenan, Eugene Kulesha, Fergal J. Martin, Thomas Maurel, William M. McLaren, Daniel N. Murphy, Rishi Nag, Bert Overduin, Miguel Pignatelli, Bethan Pritchard, Emily Pritchard, Harpreet S. Riat, Magali Ruffier, Daniel Sheppard, Kieron Taylor, Anja Thormann, Stephen J. Trevanion, Alessandro Vullo, Steven P. Wilder, Mark Wilson, Amonida Zadissa, Bronwen L. Aken, Ewan Birney, Fiona Cunningham, Jennifer Harrow, Javier Herrero, Tim J.P. Hubbard, Rhoda Kinsella, Matthieu Muffato, Anne Parker, Giulietta Spudich, Andy Yates, Daniel R. Zerbino, and Stephen M.J. Searle<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2014</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2014 42 Database issue:D749-D755<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1196" rel="external">doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1196</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2013"> <p> Paul Flicek, Ikhlak Ahmed, M. Ridwan Amode, Daniel Barrell, Kathryn Beal, Simon Brent, Denise Carvalho-Silva, Peter Clapham, Guy Coates, Susan Fairley, Stephen Fitzgerald, Laurent Gil, Carlos Garcia-Girón, Leo Gordon, Thibaut Hourlier, Sarah Hunt, Thomas Juettemann, Andreas Kähäri, Stephen Keenan, Monika Komorowska, Eugene Kulesha, Ian Longden, Thomas Maurel, William McLaren, Mattieu Muffato, Rishi Nag, Bert Overduin, Miguel Pignatelli, Bethan Pritchard, Emily Pritchard, Harpreet Singh Riat, Graham R. S. Ritchie, Magali Ruffier, Michael Schuster, Daniel Sheppard, Daniel Sobral, Kieron Taylor, Anja Thormann, Stephen Trevanion, Simon White, Steven P. Wilder, Bronwen L. Aken, Ewan Birney, Fiona Cunningham, Ian Dunham, Jennifer Harrow, Javier Herrero, Tim J. P. Hubbard, Nathan Johnson, Rhoda Kinsella, Anne Parker, Giulietta Spudich, Andy Yates, Amonida Zadissa and Stephen M. J. Searle<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2013</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2013 41 Database issue:D48-D55<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1236" rel="external">doi: 10.1093/nar/gks1236</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2012"> <p> Paul Flicek, M. Ridwan Amode, Daniel Barrell, Kathryn Beal, Simon Brent, Denise Carvalho-Silva, Peter Clapham, Guy Coates, Susan Fairley, Stephen Fitzgerald, Laurent Gil, Leo Gordon, Maurice Hendrix, Thibaut Hourlier, Nathan Johnson, Andreas Kähäri, Damian Keefe, Stephen Keenan, Rhoda Kinsella, Monika Komorowska, Gautier Koscielny, Eugene Kulesha, Pontus Larsson, Ian Longden, William McLaren, Mattieu Muffato, Bert Overduin, Miguel Pignatelli, Bethan Pritchard, Harpreet Singh Riat, Graham R. S. Ritchie, Magali Ruffier, Michael Schuster, Daniel Sobral, Y. Amy Tang, Kieron Taylor, Stephen Trevanion, Jana Vandrovcova, Simon White, Mark Wilson, Steven P. Wilder, Bronwen L. Aken, Ewan Birney, Fiona Cunningham, Ian Dunham, Richard Durbin, Xosé M. Fernández-Suárez, Jennifer Harrow, Javier Herrero, Tim J. P. Hubbard, Anne Parker, Glenn Proctor, Giulietta Spudich, Jan Vogel, Andy Yates, Amonida Zadissa and Stephen M. J. Searle<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2012</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2012 40 Database issue:D84-D90<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr991" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gkr991</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2011"> <p> Paul Flicek, M. Ridwan Amode, Daniel Barrell, Kathryn Beal, Simon Brent, Yuan Chen, Peter Clapham, Guy Coates, Susan Fairley, Stephen Fitzgerald, Leo Gordon, Maurice Hendrix, Thibaut Hourlier, Nathan Johnson, Andreas Kähäri, Damian Keefe, Stephen Keenan, Rhoda Kinsella, Felix Kokocinski, Eugene Kulesha, Pontus Larsson, Ian Longden, William McLaren, Bert Overduin, Bethan Pritchard, Harpreet Singh Riat, Daniel Rios, Graham R. S. Ritchie, Magali Ruffier, Michael Schuster, Daniel Sobral, Giulietta Spudich, Y. Amy Tang, Stephen Trevanion, Jana Vandrovcova, Albert J. Vilella, Simon White, Steven P. Wilder, Amonida Zadissa, Jorge Zamora, Bronwen L. Aken, Ewan Birney, Fiona Cunningham, Ian Dunham, Richard Durbin, Xosé M. Fernández-Suárez, Javier Herrero, Tim J. P. Hubbard, Anne Parker, Glenn Proctor, Jan Vogel and Stephen M. J. Searle<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2011</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2011 39 Database issue:D800-D806<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq1064" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1064</a> </p> </li> <li id="Biomart_2011"> <p> Kinsella RJ, Kähäri A, Haider S, Zamora J, Proctor G, Spudich G, Almeida-King J, Staines D, Derwent P, Kerhornou A, Kersey P, Flicek P. <strong>Ensembl BioMarts: a hub for data retrieval across taxonomic space.</strong><br /> <em>Database (Oxford).</em> Vol. 2011 <a rel="external" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21785142">Published online</a> Jul 23, 2011 </p> </li> <li> <p>McLaren W, Pritchard B, Rios D, Chen Y, Flicek P, Cunningham F.<br> <strong>Deriving the consequences of genomic variants with the Ensembl API and SNP Effect Predictor.</strong><br> <em>BMC Bioinformatics</em>26(16):2069-70(2010)<br> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq330" rel="external">doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq330 </a> </p> </li> <li id="BMC_methods_2010"> <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/series/ENSEMBL2010">BMC Bioinformatics - Ensembl Update 2010</a> <ul> <li> <p>Jessica Severin, Kathryn Beal, Albert J Vilella, Stephen Fitzgerald, Michael Schuster, Leo Gordon, Abel Ureta-Vidal, Paul Flicek, Javier Herrero<br /> <strong>eHive: An Artificial Intelligence workflow system for genomic analysis</strong> <br /><em>BMC Bioinformatics 2010, 11:240 (11 May 2010)</em> [<a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/11/240/abstract">Abstract</a>] </p> </li> <li> <p>Yuan Chen, Fiona Cunningham, Daniel Rios, William M McLaren, James A Smith, Bethan Pritchard, Giulietta M Spudich, Simon Brent, Eugene Kulesha, Pablo Marin-Garcia, Damian Smedley, Ewan Birney, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl variation resources</strong> <br /><em>BMC Bioinformatics 2010, 11:293 (11 May 2010)</em> [<a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/293/abstract">Abstract</a>] </p> </li> <li> <p>Daniel Rios, William M McLaren, Yuan Chen, Ewan Birney, Arne Stabenau, Paul Flicek, Fiona Cunningham<br /> <strong>A database and API for variation, dense genotyping and resequencing data</strong> <br /><em>BMC Bioinformatics 2010, 11:238 (11 May 2010)</em> [<a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/11/238/abstract">Abstract</a>] </p> </li> <li> <p>Benoît Ballester, Nathan Johnson, Glenn Proctor, Paul Flicek<br /> <strong>Consistent annotation of gene expression arrays</strong> <br /><em>BMC Bioinformatics 2010, 11:294 (11 May 2010)</em> [<a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/294/abstract">Abstract</a>] </p> </li> <li> <p>Giulietta M Spudich, Xosé M Fernández-Suárez<br /> <strong>Touring Ensembl: A practical guide to genome browsing</strong> <br /><em>BMC Bioinformatics 2010, 11:295 (11 May 2010)</em> [<a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/295/abstract">Abstract</a>] </p> </li> <li> <p>Anne Parker, Eugene Bragin, Simon Brent, Bethan Pritchard, James A Smith, Stephen Trevanion<br /> <strong>Using caching and optimization techniques to improve performance of the Ensembl website</strong> <br /><em>BMC Bioinformatics 2010, 11:239 (11 May 2010)</em> [<a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/11/239/abstract">Abstract</a>] </p> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2010"> <p> Paul Flicek, Bronwen L. Aken, Benoit Ballester, Kathryn Beal, Eugene Bragin, Simon Brent, Yuan Chen, Peter Clapham, Guy Coates, Susan Fairley, Stephen Fitzgerald, Julio Fernandez-Banet, Leo Gordon, Stefan Gräf, Syed Haider, Martin Hammond, Kerstin Howe, Andrew Jenkinson, Nathan Johnson, Andreas Kähäri Damian Keefe, Stephen Keenan, Rhoda Kinsella, Felix Kokocinski, Gautier Koscielny, Eugene Kulesha, Daniel Lawson, Ian Longden, Tim Massingham, William McLaren, Karyn Megy, Bert Overduin, Bethan Pritchard, Daniel Rios, Magali Ruffier, Michael Schuster, Guy Slater, Damian Smedley, Giulietta Spudich, Y. Amy Tang, Stephen Trevanion, Albert Vilella, Jan Vogel, Simon White, Steven P. Wilder, Amonida Zadissa, Ewan Birney, Fiona Cunningham, Ian Dunham, Richard Durbin, Xosée M. Fernández-Suarez, Javier Herrero ,Tim J. P. Hubbard, Anne Parker, Glenn Proctor, James Smith, and Stephen M. J. Searle<br /> <strong>Ensembl's 10th year</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2010 38 Database issue:D557-D562<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp972" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gkp972</a> </p> </li> <li id="Current_Protocols_in_Bioinformatics"> <p> Xosé M. Fernández-Suárez and Michael K. Schuster<br /> <strong>Using the Ensembl Genome Server to Browse Genomic Sequence Data.</strong><br /> UNIT 1.15 in <em>Current Protocols in Bioinformatics</em>, Jun 2010.<br /> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20521244" rel="external">www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20521244</a> </p> </li> <li id="touring"> <p> Giulietta M Spudich and Xosé M Fernández-Suárez<br /> <strong>Touring Ensembl: A practical guide to genome browsing</strong><br /> <em>BMC Genomics</em> 2010, 11:295 (11 May 2010)<br /> <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/295" rel="external">www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/295</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2009"> <p> T. J. P. Hubbard, B. L. Aken, S. Ayling, B. Ballester, K. Beal, E. Bragin, S. Brent, Y. Chen, P. Clapham, L. Clarke, G. Coates, S. Fairley, S. Fitzgerald, J. Fernandez-Banet, L. Gordon, S. Gräf, S. Haider, M. Hammond, R. Holland, K. Howe, A. Jenkinson, N. Johnson, A. Kähäri, D. Keefe, S. Keenan, R. Kinsella, F. Kokocinski, E. Kulesha, D. Lawson, I. Longden, K. Megy, P. Meidl, B. Overduin, A. Parker, B. Pritchard, D. Rios, M. Schuster, G. Slater, D. Smedley, W. Spooner, G. Spudich, S. Trevanion, A. Vilella, J. Vogel, S. White, S. Wilder, A. Zadissa, E. Birney, F. Cunningham, V. Curwen, R. Durbin, X. M. Fernandez-Suarez, J. Herrero, A. Kasprzyk, G. Proctor, J. Smith, S. Searle and P. Flicek<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2009</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2009 37 Database issue:D690-D697<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn828" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gkn828</a> </p> </li> <li> <p> A.J. Vilella, J. Severin, A. Ureta-Vidal, R. Durbin, L. Heng and E. Birney<br /> <strong>EnsemblCompara GeneTrees: Analysis of complete, duplication-aware phylogenetic trees in vertebrates.</strong><br /> <em>Genome Research</em> 2009 19:327-335<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.073585.107">doi:10.1101/gr.073585.107</a> </p> </li> <li> <p> P. Flicek, B. L. Aken, K. Beal, B. Ballester, M. Caccamo, Y. Chen, L. Clarke, G. Coates, F. Cunningham, T. Cutts, T. Down, S. C. Dyer, T. Eyre, S. Fitzgerald, J. Fernandez-Banet, S. Gräf, S. Haider, M. Hammond, R. Holland, K. L. Howe, K. Howe, N. Johnson, A. Jenkinson, A. Kähäri, D. Keefe, F. Kokocinski, E. Kulesha, D. Lawson, I. Longden, K. Megy, P. Meidl, B. Overduin, A. Parker, B. Pritchard, A. Prlic, S. Rice, D. Rios, M. Schuster, I. Sealy, G. Slater, D. Smedley, G. Spudich, S. Trevanion, A. J. Vilella, J. Vogel, S. White, M. Wood, E. Birney, T. Cox, V. Curwen, R. Durbin, X. M. Fernandez-Suarez, J. Herrero, T. J. P. Hubbard, A. Kasprzyk, G. Proctor, J. Smith, A. Ureta-Vidal and S. Searle.<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2008</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2008 36 Database issue:D707-14.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm988" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gkm988</a> </p> </li> <li> <p> B. Paten, J. Herrero, S. Fitzgerald, K. Beal, P. Flicek, I. Holmes and E. Birney<br /> <strong>Genome-wide nucleotide-level mammalian ancestor reconstruction</strong><br /> <em>Genome Research</em> 2008 18:1829-1843<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.076521.108">doi:10.1101/gr.076521.108</a> </p> </li> <li> <p> B. Paten, J. Herrero, K. Beal, S. Fitzgerald and E. Birney<br /> <strong>Enredo and Pecan: Genome-wide mammalian consistency-based multiple alignment with paralogs</strong><br /> <em>Genome Research</em> 2008 18: 1814-1828<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.076554.108">doi:10.1101/gr.076554.108</a> </p></li> <li> <p> Giulietta Spudich, Xosé M. Fernández-Suárez and Ewan Birney<br /> <strong>Genome Browsing with Ensembl: a practical overview</strong><br /> <em>Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic</em>, 2007 Sept; 6: 202-219 </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_2007"> <p> T. J. P. Hubbard, B. L. Aken, K. Beal, B. Ballester, M. Caccamo, Y. Chen, L. Clarke, G. Coates, F. Cunningham, T. Cutts, T. Down, S. C. Dyer, S. Fitzgerald, J. Fernandez-Banet, S. Graf, S. Haider, M. Hammond, J. Herrero, R. Holland, K. Howe, K. Howe, N. Johnson, A. Kahari, D. Keefe, F. Kokocinski, E. Kulesha, D. Lawson, I. Longden, C. Melsopp, K. Megy, P. Meidl, B. Overduin, A. Parker, A. Prlic, S. Rice, D. Rios, M. Schuster, I. Sealy, J. Severin, G. Slater, D. Smedley, G. Spudich, S. Trevanion, A. Vilella, J. Vogel, S. White, M. Wood, T. Cox, V. Curwen, R. Durbin, X. M. Fernandez-Suarez, P. Flicek, A. Kasprzyk, G. Proctor, S. Searle, J. Smith, A. Ureta-Vidal and E. Birney<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2007</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em>. 2007 Vol. 35, Database issue:D610-D617.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl996" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gkl996</a><br /> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_D556"> <p> E. Birney, D. Andrews, M. Caccamo, Y. Chen, L. Clarke, G. Coates, T. Cox, F. Cunningham, V. Curwen, T. Cutts, T. Down, R. Durbin, X. M. Fernandez-Suarez, P. Flicek, S. Gräf, M. Hammond, J. Herrero, K. Howe, V. Iyer, K. Jekosch, A. Kähäri, A. Kasprzyk, D. Keefe, F. Kokocinski, E. Kulesha, D. London, I. Longden, C. Melsopp, P. Meidl, B. Overduin, A. Parker, G. Proctor, A. Prlic, M. Rae, D. Rios, S. Redmond, M. Schuster, I. Sealy, S. Searle, J. Severin, G. Slater, D. Smedley, J. Smith, A. Stabenau, J. Stalker, S. Trevanion, A. Ureta-Vidal, J. Vogel, S. White, C. Woodwark and T. J. P. Hubbard<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2006</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2006 Jan 1;34 Database issue:D556-D561.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkj133" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gkj133</a> </p> </li> <li id="BMC_Bioinformatics_6_31"> <p> Guy St. C. Slater and Ewan Birney<br /> <strong>Automated generation of heuristics for biological sequence comparison.</strong><br /> <em>BMC Bioinformatics.</em> 2005 Feb 15;6(1):31<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-6-31" rel="external">doi:10.1186/1471-2105-6-31</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_D447"> <p> T. Hubbard, D. Andrews, M. Caccamo, G. Cameron, Y. Chen, M. Clamp, L. Clarke, G. Coates, T. Cox, F. Cunningham, V. Curwen, T. Cutts, T. Down, R. Durbin, X. M. Fernandez-Suarez, J. Gilbert, M. Hammond, J. Herrero, H. Hotz, K. Howe, V. Iyer, K. Jekosch, A. Kahari, A. Kasprzyk, D. Keefe, S. Keenan, F. Kokocinsci, D. London, I. Longden, G. McVicker, C. Melsopp, P. Meidl, S. Potter, G. Proctor, M. Rae, D. Rios, M. Schuster, S. Searle, J. Severin, G. Slater, D. Smedley, J. Smith, W. Spooner, A. Stabenau, J. Stalker, R. Storey, S. Trevanion, A. Ureta-Vidal, J. Vogel, S. White, C. Woodwark and E. Birney <br /> <strong>Ensembl 2005</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2005 Jan 1;33 Database issue:D447-D453.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki138" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gki138</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_D459"> <p> J. L. Ashurst, C.-K. Chen, J. G. R. Gilbert, K. Jekosch, S. Keenan, P. Meidl, S. M. Searle, J. Stalker, R. Storey, S. Trevanion, L. Wilming and T. Hubbard <br /> <strong>The Vertebrate Genome Annotation (Vega) database.</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Res.</em> 2005 Jan 1;33 Database issue:D459-D465.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki135" rel="external">doi:10.1093/nar/gki135</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nature_432_695"> <p> International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium.<br /> <strong>Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution.</strong><br /> <em>Nature</em> 2004 432(7018):695-716.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03154" rel="external">doi:10.1038/nature03154</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nature_431_927"> <p> International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium.<br /> <strong>Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome</strong><br /> <em>Nature.</em> 2004 Oct 21;431(7011):931-945.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03001" rel="external">doi:10.1038/nature03001</a> </p> </li> <li id="Trends_Genet_20_268"> <p> Martin P. Hammond and Ewan Birney<br /> <strong>Genome information resources - developments at Ensembl</strong><br /> <em>Trends Genetics</em> 2004 20(6):268-272.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2004.04.002" rel="external">doi:10.1016/j.tig.2004.04.002</a> </p> </li> <li id="GRES"> <p>Genome Research Ensembl Special</p> <p> The May 2004 issue of Genome Research includes an <a href="http://genome.cshlp.org/content/14/5.toc" rel="external">Ensembl special</a> covering detailed aspects of the Ensembl web site, the underlying scalable database system for storing genome sequence and annotation information, as well as the automated genome analysis and annotation pipeline. </p> <ul> <li id="Genome_Res_14_925"> <p> Ewan Birney, T. Daniel Andrews, Paul Bevan, Mario Caccamo, Yuan Chen, Laura Clarke, Guy Coates, James Cuff, Val Curwen, Tim Cutts, Thomas Down, Eduardo Eyras, Xose M. Fernandez-Suarez, Paul Gane, Brian Gibbins, James Gilbert, Martin Hammond, Hans-Rudolf Hotz, Vivek Iyer, Kerstin Jekosch, Andreas Kahari, Arek Kasprzyk, Damian Keefe, Stephen Keenan, Heikki Lehvaslaiho, Graham McVicker, Craig Melsopp, Patrick Meidl, Emmanuel Mongin, Roger Pettett, Simon Potter, Glenn Proctor, Mark Rae, Steve Searle, Guy Slater, Damian Smedley, James Smith, Will Spooner, Arne Stabenau, James Stalker, Roy Storey, Abel Ureta-Vidal, K. Cara Woodwark, Graham Cameron, Richard Durbin, Anthony Cox, Tim Hubbard and Michele Clamp<br /> <strong>An Overview of Ensembl</strong><br /> <em>Genome Research</em> 2004 14(5):925-928.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1860604" rel="external">doi:10.1101/gr.1860604</a> </p> </li> <li id="Genome_Res_14_929"> <p> Arne Stabenau, Graham McVicker, Craig Melsopp, Glenn Proctor, Michele Clamp and Ewan Birney<br /> <strong>The Ensembl Core Software Libraries</strong><br /> <em>Genome Research</em> 2004 14(5):929-933.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1857204" rel="external">doi:10.1101/gr.1857204</a> </p> </li> <li id="Genome_Res_14_934"> <p> Simon C. Potter, Laura Clarke, Val Curwen, Stephen Keenan, Emmanuel Mongin, Stephen M.J. Searle, Arne Stabenau, Roy Storey and Michele Clamp<br /> <strong>The Ensembl Analysis Pipeline</strong><br /> <em>Genome Research</em> 2004 14(5):934-941.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1859804" rel="external">doi:10.1101/gr.1859804</a> </p> </li> <li id="Genome_Res_14_942"> <p> Val Curwen, Eduardo Eyras, T. Daniel Andrews, Laura Clarke, Emmanuel Mongin, Steven M.J. Searle and Michele Clamp<br /> <strong>The Ensembl Automatic Gene Annotation System</strong><br /> <em>Genome Research</em> 2004 14(5):942-950.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1858004" rel="external">doi:10.1101/gr.1858004</a> </p> </li> <li id="Genome_Res_14_951"> <p> James Stalker, Brian Gibbins, Patrick Meidl, James Smith, William Spooner, Hans-Rudolf Hotz and Antony V. 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Holt, Ewan Birney and Frank H. Collins<br /> <strong>The Anopheles gambiae genome: an update.</strong><br /> <em>Trends in Parasitology</em> 2004 20(2):49-52.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2003.11.003" rel="external">doi:10.1016/j.pt.2003.11.003</a> </p> </li> <li id="Genome_Res_14_160"> <p> Arek Kasprzyk, Damian Keefe, Damian Smedley, Darin London, William Spooner, Craig Melsopp, Martin Hammond, Philippe Rocca-Serra, Tony Cox and Ewan Birney<br /> <strong>EnsMart: A Generic System for Fast and Flexible Access to Biological Data.</strong><br /> <em>Genome Research</em> 2004 14(1):160-169.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1645104" rel="external">doi:10.1101/gr.1645104</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_32_D468"> <p> E. Birney, D. Andrews, P. Bevan, M. Caccamo, G. Cameron, Y. Chen, L. Clarke, G. Coates, T. Cox, J. Cuff, V. Curwen, T. Cutts, T. Down, R. Durbin, E. Eyras, X. M. Fernandez-Suarez, P. Gane, B. Gibbins, J. Gilbert, M. Hammond, H. Hotz, V. 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Smith, W. Spooner, A. Stabenau, J. Stalker, E. Stupka, A. Ureta-Vidal, I. Vastrik and E. Birney<br /> <strong>Ensembl 2002: accommodating comparative genomics.</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2003 31(1):38-42.<br /> [<a href="http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/31/1/38" rel="external">Abstract</a>] [<a href="http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/31/1/38" rel="external">Full text</a>] </p> </li> <li id="Nature_420_520"> <p> Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium.<br /> <strong>Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome.</strong><br /> <em>Nature.</em> 2002 Dec 5;420(6915):520-562.<br /> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01262" rel="external">doi:10.1038/nature01262</a> </p> </li> <li id="Nucleic_Acids_Res_30_38"> <p> T. Hubbard, D. Barker, E. Birney, G. Cameron, Y. Chen, L. Clark, T. Cox, J. Cuff, V. Curwen, T. Down, R. Durbin, E. Eyras, J. Gilbert, M. Hammond, L. Huminiecki, A. Kasprzyk, H. Lehvaslaiho, P. Lijnzaad, C. Melsopp, E. Mongin, R. Pettett, M. Pocock, S. Potter, A. Rust, E. Schmidt, S. Searle, G. Slater, J. Smith, W. Spooner, A. Stabenau, J. Stalker, E. Stupka, A. Ureta-Vidal, I. Vastrik and M. Clamp.<br /> <strong>The Ensembl genome database project.</strong><br /> <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 2002 30(1):38-41.<br /> [<a href="http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/30/1/38" rel="external">Abstract</a>] [<a href="http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/30/1/38" rel="external">Full text</a>] </p> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="column-wrapper"> <div class="column-two left"> <p>Ensembl release 104 - May 2021 © <span class="print_hide"><a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/" class="nowrap constant">EMBL-EBI</a></span> <span class="screen_hide_inline">EMBL-EBI<br />http://may2021.archive.ensembl.org</span> </p> </div> <p class="invisible">.</p> </div> <div class="column-wrapper"><hr /><div id="fat-footer"> <div class="column-four left"> <h3>About Us</h3> <p><a href="/info/about" rel="nofollow">About us</a></p> <p><a href="/info/about/contact/" rel="nofollow">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="/info/about/publications.html" rel="nofollow">Citing Ensembl</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/data-protection/ensembl/privacy-notice" rel="nofollow">Privacy policy</a></p> <p><a href="/info/about/legal/" rel="nofollow">Disclaimer</a></p> </div> <div class="column-four left"> <h3>Get help</h3> <p><a href="/info/website/" rel="nofollow">Using this website</a></p> <p><a href="/info/website/upload" rel="nofollow">Adding custom tracks</a></p> <p><a href="/downloads.html" rel="nofollow">Downloading data</a></p> <p><a href="/info/website/tutorials/" rel="nofollow">Video tutorials</a></p> <p><a href="/info/docs/tools/vep/" rel="nofollow">Variant Effect Predictor (VEP)</a></p> </div> <div class="column-four left"> <h3>Our sister sites</h3> <p><a href="http://bacteria.ensembl.org" rel="nofollow">Ensembl Bacteria</a></p> <p><a href="http://fungi.ensembl.org" rel="nofollow">Ensembl Fungi</a></p> <p><a href="http://plants.ensembl.org" rel="nofollow">Ensembl Plants</a></p> <p><a href="http://protists.ensembl.org" rel="nofollow">Ensembl Protists</a></p> <p><a href="http://metazoa.ensembl.org" rel="nofollow">Ensembl Metazoa</a></p> </div> <div class="column-four left"> <h3>Follow us</h3> <p><a class="media-icon" href="http://www.ensembl.info/" rel="nofollow"> <img alt="[RSS logo]" title="Ensembl blog" src="/i/rss_icon_16.png"></a> <a href="http://www.ensembl.info/" rel="nofollow">Blog</a></p> <p><a class="media-icon" href="http://www.twitter.com/Ensembl" rel="nofollow"> <img alt="[twitter logo]" title="Follow us on Twitter!" src="/i/twitter.png"></a> <a href="http://www.twitter.com/ensembl" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></p> <p><a class="media-icon" href="http://www.facebook.com/Ensembl.org" rel="nofollow"> <img alt="[Facebook logo]" title="Our Facebook page" src="/i/facebook.png"></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/Ensembl.org" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></p> </div> </div> <p class="invisible">.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <form id="core_params" action="#" style="display:none"> <fieldset><input type="hidden" name="db" value="core" /></fieldset> </form> <input type="hidden" id="species_path" name="species_path" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="gdpr_version" name="gdpr_version" value="2.0.0" /> <input type="hidden" id="gdpr_policy_url" name="gdpr_policy_url" value="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/data-protection/ensembl/privacy-notice" /> <input type="hidden" id="gdpr_terms_url" name="gdpr_terms_url" value="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/about/terms-of-use" /> <input type="hidden" id="gdpr_cookie_name" name="gdpr_cookie_name" value="ENSEMBL_PRIVACY_POLICY" /> <input type="hidden" id="species_common_name" name="species_common_name" value="Human" /> <input type="hidden" id="ensembl_image_root" name="ensembl_image_root" value="/i/" /> <input type="hidden" id="max_region_length" name="max_region_length" value="1000100" /> <input type="hidden" id="ensembl_species_image" name="ensembl_species_image" value="/i/species/Homo_sapiens.png" /> <div id="modal_bg"></div> <div id="modal_panel" class="js_panel"> <input type="hidden" class="panel_type" value="ModalContainer" /> <div class="modal_title"> <ul class="tabs"> <li><a class="modal_user_data" href="UserData/ManageData?time=1734016072">Personal Data</a></li> </ul> <div class="modal_caption"></div> <div class="modal_close"></div> </div> <div id="modal_user_data" class="modal_content js_panel fixed_width" style="display:none"></div> <div id="modal_default" class="modal_content js_panel fixed_width" style="display:none"></div> <div class="modal_overlay"><img class="overlay_close" title="Cancel" alt="close" src="/i/close.png" /><div class="overlay_content"></div></div> <div class="modal_overlay_bg"></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/minified/8f71269baa84b966773d44ade579d6cd.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/minified/6e85f6cc8f6da04bce74b4d2eb54951d.js"></script> </body> </html>