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Arthur Asquith - Wikipedia

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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British First World War general</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Arthur Melland Asquith</div><br /><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Two Bars</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Brigadier-General_Arthur_M_Asquith,_by_Ambrose_McEvoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brigadier-General_Arthur_M_Asquith%2C_by_Ambrose_McEvoy.jpg/220px-Brigadier-General_Arthur_M_Asquith%2C_by_Ambrose_McEvoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brigadier-General_Arthur_M_Asquith%2C_by_Ambrose_McEvoy.jpg/330px-Brigadier-General_Arthur_M_Asquith%2C_by_Ambrose_McEvoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brigadier-General_Arthur_M_Asquith%2C_by_Ambrose_McEvoy.jpg/440px-Brigadier-General_Arthur_M_Asquith%2C_by_Ambrose_McEvoy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1743" data-file-height="2333" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Brigadier General Asquith (1918)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1883-04-24</span>)</span>24 April 1883</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 August 1939<span style="display:none">(1939-08-25)</span> (aged&#160;56)<br /><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years&#160;of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brigadier General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Naval Division">Royal Naval Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">189th Brigade, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Naval Division">63rd Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">Siege of Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Two Bars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_Despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in Despatches">Mentioned in Despatches</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1914%E2%80%931918_(France)" title="Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)">Croix de guerre</a> (France)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a> (father)</li> <li>Helen Melland (mother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brigadier General</a> <b>Arthur Melland Asquith</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Two Bars</a></span></span> (24 April 1883 – 25 August 1939) was a senior officer of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Naval Division">Royal Naval Division</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> land detachment attached to the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. His father, <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>, was the British <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> during the first three years of the conflict and later became the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Oxford_and_Asquith" title="Earl of Oxford and Asquith">Earl of Oxford and Asquith</a>. Arthur Asquith was wounded four times in the war and three times awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a> for his bravery under fire. In December 1917, Asquith was seriously wounded during fighting near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beaucamp&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Beaucamp (page does not exist)">Beaucamp</a> and was evacuated to Britain where one of his legs was amputated. Asquith retired from the military following his wound and worked for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Munitions">Ministry of Munitions</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Asquith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arthur Asquith was born in 1883, the third son of politician <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a> and his wife Helen Melland, who died when Arthur was seven in 1891. Asquith was educated at <a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester College">Winchester College</a> with his brothers and later attended <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College, Oxford</a> as an undergraduate. After completing his studies, he joined the trading firm <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_%26_Herrera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Franklin &amp; Herrera (page does not exist)">Franklin &amp; Herrera</a>, with whom he did extensive business in Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-CFFWWS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFFWWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Asquith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> broke out in the summer of 1914, Asquith resigned from Franklin &amp; Herrera and joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, explaining that he could not "sit quietly by reading the papers" during the conflict. He was granted a temporary commission in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Volunteer_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve">Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant#Naval_rank" title="Sub-lieutenant">sub-lieutenant</a> in October 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-LG_6_October_1914_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG_6_October_1914-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His elder brothers also enlisted—<a href="/wiki/Raymond_Asquith" title="Raymond Asquith">Raymond Asquith</a> was commissioned in the <a href="/wiki/London_Regiment_(1908%E2%80%931938)" title="London Regiment (1908–1938)">London Regiment</a> and was killed in action in 1916 while <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Asquith_(poet)" title="Herbert Asquith (poet)">Herbert Asquith</a> joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a>. As the Royal Navy had too many recruits in the early months of the war, they formed a separate division to deploy on land known as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Naval Division">Royal Naval Division</a>. This force was rapidly deployed to Belgium with Asquith as a junior officer.<sup id="cite_ref-P109_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P109-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Naval Division suffered heavy casualties in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">Siege of Antwerp</a>, and was withdrawn shortly before the city fell, but in 1915 it was redeployed to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> for use in the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli campaign</a>. Shortly after arrival, Asquith's friend and colleague <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Brooke" title="Rupert Brooke">Rupert Brooke</a> died from an infected mosquito bite. During the Gallipoli Campaign, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a> (DSO) for his actions but was also wounded, resulting in his withdrawal to staff work.<sup id="cite_ref-P110_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1916, The Royal Naval Division, now designated the 63rd Division, was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>. Asquith remained as a staff officer until April 1917, when heavy casualties forced him to replace <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Freyberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Freyberg">Bernard Freyberg</a> in command of the 189th Brigade. At the head of this formation, he participated in heavy fighting throughout the year, earning two <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Bars</a> to his DSO and being wounded twice more.<sup id="cite_ref-P110_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was promoted <a href="/wiki/Temporary_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary rank">temporary</a> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier-general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)">brigadier-general</a> on 16 December 1917, while so employed as a brigade commander.<sup id="cite_ref-LG_18_January_1918_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG_18_January_1918-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 December 1917, Asquith was badly wounded forcing his evacuation to Britain. Despite extensive surgery, his leg was amputated in January 1918, forcing his retirement from the military with the rank of brigadier general. He then served the remainder of the war with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Munitions">Ministry of Munitions</a>, in the Controller of the Trench Warfare Department.<sup id="cite_ref-CFFWWS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFFWWS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Asquith retired from the Navy following the end of the war to his home <a href="/wiki/Clovelly_Court" title="Clovelly Court">Clovelly Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Asquith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Citation for first Distinguished Service Order (DSO): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Temp. Lt.-Com. Arthur Melland Asquith, R.N.V.R. <br /> For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He obtained leave to go up to the front when he heard a fight was imminent. Later, although wounded, he returned to Brigade Headquarters and gave a clear account of the situation and of the fighting, which had been going on during the night. He has previously done fine work. </p><div class="templatequotecite">—&#8202;<cite><i>London Gazette</i> 17 April 1917<sup id="cite_ref-LG_17_April_1917_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG_17_April_1917-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Citation for first bar to his Distinguished Service Order (i.e. second DSO): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Temp. Actg. Comdr. Arthur Melland Asquith, D.S.O., R.N.V.R. <br /> For conspicuous gallantry and determination in the attack and clearance of a village, when he personally captured ten of the enemy, and later organised its defence, and, by his contempt of danger under heavy fire, contributed greatly to the success of the operations and to the steadiness of all ranks with him. </p><div class="templatequotecite">—&#8202;<cite><i>London Gazette</i> 17 July 1917<sup id="cite_ref-LG_17_July_1917_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LG_17_July_1917-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Asquith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 30 April 1918, four months after his injury and leg amputation, Asquith married Betty Constance Manners, sister of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Manners,_4th_Baron_Manners" title="Francis Manners, 4th Baron Manners">Francis Manners, 4th Baron Manners</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Grenadier_Guards" title="Grenadier Guards">Grenadier Guards</a> officer then serving as his <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They had four daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Asquith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the end of the war, Asquith chaired the committee which established the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division_War_Memorial" title="Royal Naval Division War Memorial">Royal Naval Division War Memorial</a> outside the Admiralty building in London.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Directory of Directors for 1935, the Hon Arthur M Asquith of 1 London Wall Buildings EC2 is listed as chairman of Brazil Plantations Syndicate Ltd, chairman of Parana Plantations Ltd and a director of San Paulo (Brazilian) Railway Co Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asquith died on 25 August 1939. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Asquith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CFFWWS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CFFWWS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFFWWS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstworldwar.bham.ac.uk/donkey/asquith.htm">Hon. Arthur Melland Asquith</a>, <i>Centre for First World War Studies</i>, John Bourne, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a>, Retrieved 3 July 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_6_October_1914-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LG_6_October_1914_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGazette28926" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28926/page/7917">"No. 28926"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 6 October 1914. p.&#160;7917.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&amp;rft.atitle=No.+28926&amp;rft.pages=7917&amp;rft.date=1914-10-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F28926%2Fpage%2F7917&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Asquith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P109-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-P109_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P.109, <i>Bloody Red Tabs</i>, Davies &amp; Maddocks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P110-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P110_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P110_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">P.110, <i>Bloody Red Tabs</i>, Davies &amp; Maddocks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_18_January_1918-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LG_18_January_1918_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30485" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30485/supplement/1051">"No. 30485"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 18 January 1918. p.&#160;1051.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&amp;rft.atitle=No.+30485&amp;rft.pages=1051&amp;rft.date=1918-01-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30485%2Fsupplement%2F1051&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Asquith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_17_April_1917-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LG_17_April_1917_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30023" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30023/supplement/3675">"No. 30023"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 17 April 1917. p.&#160;3675.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&amp;rft.atitle=No.+30023&amp;rft.pages=3675&amp;rft.date=1917-04-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30023%2Fsupplement%2F3675&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Asquith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LG_17_July_1917-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LG_17_July_1917_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30188" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30188/supplement/7209">"No. 30188"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 17 July 1917. p.&#160;7209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&amp;rft.atitle=No.+30188&amp;rft.pages=7209&amp;rft.date=1917-07-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30188%2Fsupplement%2F7209&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Asquith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vivian Reed, ed., <i>An American in Europe at War and Peace: Hugh S. Gibson’s Chronicles, 1918-1919</i>, p. 707</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage" title="Burke&#39;s Peerage">Burke's Peerage</a></i>, volume 1 (2003), p. 430</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AM-EMI/1999-08/0936083289">Directory of Directors 1935</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Asquith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_Davies_&amp;_Graham_Maddocks1995" class="citation book cs1">Frank Davies &amp; Graham Maddocks (1995). <i>Bloody Red Tabs</i>. Leo Cooper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85052-463-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85052-463-6"><bdi>0-85052-463-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Bloody+Red+Tabs&amp;rft.pub=Leo+Cooper&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=0-85052-463-6&amp;rft.au=Frank+Davies+%26+Graham+Maddocks&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Asquith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPage1999" class="citation book cs1">Page, Christopher (1999). <i>Command in the Royal Naval Division: A Military Biography of Brigadier General A. M. Asquith DSO</i>. <a href="/wiki/Staplehurst" title="Staplehurst">Staplehurst</a>, Kent: <a href="/wiki/Spellmount" class="mw-redirect" title="Spellmount">Spellmount</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862270480" title="Special:BookSources/9781862270480"><bdi>9781862270480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Command+in+the+Royal+Naval+Division%3A+A+Military+Biography+of+Brigadier+General+A.+M.+Asquith+DSO&amp;rft.place=Staplehurst%2C+Kent&amp;rft.pub=Spellmount&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=9781862270480&amp;rft.aulast=Page&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Asquith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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href="/wiki/Template:H._H._Asquith" title="Template:H. H. Asquith"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:H._H._Asquith" title="Template talk:H. H. Asquith"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:H._H._Asquith" title="Special:EditPage/Template:H. H. Asquith"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="H._H._Asquith" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premiership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1905%E2%80%931915#Asquith_ministry" title="Liberal government, 1905–1915">Liberal government 1908-1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asquith_coalition_ministry" title="Asquith coalition ministry">Coalition government 1915–1916</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg/100px-Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg/150px-Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg/200px-Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2615" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">January 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">December 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relugas_Compact" title="Relugas Compact">Relugas Compact</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Budget" title="People&#39;s Budget">People's Budget</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Downing_Street" title="Battle of Downing Street">Battle of Downing Street</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_scandal" title="Marconi scandal">Marconi scandal</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Third Home Rule Bill</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curragh_incident" title="Curragh incident">Curragh incident</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace_Conference" title="Buckingham Palace Conference">Buckingham Palace Conference</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">British entry into World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli campaign</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Crisis_of_1915" title="Shell Crisis of 1915">Shell Crisis</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Debate" title="Maurice Debate">Maurice Debate</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1918)" title="Independent Liberal Party (UK, 1918)">Independent Liberal Party (1918)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituenies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Fife_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Fife (UK Parliament constituency)">East Fife</a> (1886-1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Paisley (UK Parliament constituency)">Paisley</a> (1920-1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Asquith" title="Margot Asquith">Margot Asquith</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Asquith" title="Raymond Asquith">Raymond Asquith</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Asquith_(poet)" title="Herbert Asquith (poet)">Herbert Asquith</a> (son)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Asquith</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Bonham_Carter" title="Violet Bonham Carter">Violet Bonham Carter</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Asquith,_Baron_Asquith_of_Bishopstone" title="Cyril Asquith, Baron Asquith of Bishopstone">Cyril Asquith</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bibesco" title="Elizabeth Bibesco">Elizabeth Bibesco</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Asquith" title="Anthony Asquith">Anthony Asquith</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bonham-Carter" title="Maurice Bonham-Carter">Maurice Bonham-Carter</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Cynthia_Asquith" title="Lady Cynthia Asquith">Cynthia Asquith</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Asquith" title="Katharine Asquith">Katharine Asquith</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tennant,_1st_Baron_Glenconner" title="Edward Tennant, 1st Baron Glenconner">Edward Tennant, 1st Baron Glenconner</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Tennant" title="Harold Tennant">Harold Tennant</a> (brother-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Seventh" title="Edward the Seventh">Edward the Seventh</a></i> (TV, 1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_and_Times_of_David_Lloyd_George" title="The Life and Times of David Lloyd George">The Life and Times of David Lloyd George</a></i> (TV, 1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Number_10_(TV_series)" title="Number 10 (TV series)">Number 10</a></i> (TV, 1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Prince" title="The Lost Prince">The Lost Prince</a></i> (TV, 2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Glasgow" title="Rector of the University of Glasgow">Rector of the University of Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_of_the_University_of_Aberdeen" title="Rector of the University of Aberdeen">Rector of the University of Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Prime_Minister%27s_Resignation_Honours" title="1916 Prime Minister&#39;s Resignation Honours">1916 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Paisley_by-election" title="1920 Paisley by-election">1920 Paisley by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_University_of_Oxford_Chancellor_election" title="1925 University of Oxford Chancellor election">1925 University of Oxford Chancellor election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Oxford_and_Asquith" title="Earl of Oxford and Asquith">Earl of Oxford and Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia_Stanley_(1887%E2%80%931948)" title="Venetia Stanley (1887–1948)">Venetia Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4797853#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4797853#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4797853#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000005338597X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/67363866">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/439098/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy4hHgxyDkG3vgY4KQ8YP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123058147">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no99072734">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007458791305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐7smdh Cached time: 20241122155148 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, 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