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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Plasmodium falciparum</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">2,276 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Plasmodium falciparum</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Plasmodium_falciparum">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80651646" data-work_id="80651646" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80651646/Plasmodium_falciparum_Antigen_Expression_in_Parasite_A_Way_Forward_for_Live_Attenuated_Vaccine_Development">Plasmodium falciparum Antigen Expression in Parasite: A Way Forward for Live Attenuated Vaccine Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are among the most critical interventions in modern medicine and have already proven their potential to save millions of lives. LAVs are always explored as potential vaccine candidates since they induce an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80651646" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are among the most critical interventions in modern medicine and have already proven their potential to save millions of lives. LAVs are always explored as potential vaccine candidates since they induce an immune response, which is as good as the wild type pathogen. For parasitic diseases, the efficacy of LAVs is still under investigation and needs extensive research to mark their presence in the field. In malaria, live attenuated sporozoites have been evaluated for a vaccine against the liver stage. This vaccine approach is limited due to the highly cumbersome technique of sporozoite isolation and related relapse issues. We have developed a novel vaccine against malaria by expressing Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Leishmania donovani promastigotes. These hybrid, recombinant L. donovani parasites mimicking P. falciparum parasite antigens were analyzed for their anti-malarial efficacy in preclinical studies. We demonstrate the potential of Leishmania spp. parasites in developing an important live vector vaccine against malaria for the induction of protective immune responses. Herein, we describe a method to express malaria parasite antigens in L. donovani promastigotes and analyze its potential for a vaccine against malaria. This methodology can be extended to live, attenuated Leishmania promastigotes parasites to develop LAV against malaria.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80651646" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70fdf3d8fb66b9eec6cecd339897fe3b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86963509,"asset_id":80651646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86963509/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36190576" href="https://independent.academia.edu/soumyaPati1">soumya Pati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36190576" type="text/json">{"id":36190576,"first_name":"soumya","last_name":"Pati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"soumyaPati1","display_name":"soumya Pati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/soumyaPati1?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80651646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80651646"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80651646, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80651646", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80651646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80651646; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80651646"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80651646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80651646"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80651646; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80651646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80651646").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80651646").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80651646"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology">Virology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8089" type="text/json">{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="454230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum">Plasmodium falciparum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="454230" type="text/json">{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80651646]'), work: {"id":80651646,"title":"Plasmodium falciparum Antigen Expression in Parasite: A Way Forward for Live Attenuated Vaccine Development","created_at":"2022-06-03T21:27:17.175-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80651646/Plasmodium_falciparum_Antigen_Expression_in_Parasite_A_Way_Forward_for_Live_Attenuated_Vaccine_Development?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_80651646","summary":"Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are among the most critical interventions in modern medicine and have already proven their potential to save millions of lives. LAVs are always explored as potential vaccine candidates since they induce an immune response, which is as good as the wild type pathogen. For parasitic diseases, the efficacy of LAVs is still under investigation and needs extensive research to mark their presence in the field. In malaria, live attenuated sporozoites have been evaluated for a vaccine against the liver stage. This vaccine approach is limited due to the highly cumbersome technique of sporozoite isolation and related relapse issues. We have developed a novel vaccine against malaria by expressing Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Leishmania donovani promastigotes. These hybrid, recombinant L. donovani parasites mimicking P. falciparum parasite antigens were analyzed for their anti-malarial efficacy in preclinical studies. We demonstrate the potential of Leishmania spp. parasites in developing an important live vector vaccine against malaria for the induction of protective immune responses. Herein, we describe a method to express malaria parasite antigens in L. donovani promastigotes and analyze its potential for a vaccine against malaria. This methodology can be extended to live, attenuated Leishmania promastigotes parasites to develop LAV against malaria.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86963509,"asset_id":80651646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36190576,"first_name":"soumya","last_name":"Pati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"soumyaPati1","display_name":"soumya Pati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/soumyaPati1?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":594229,"name":"Malaria Vaccine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Vaccine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":614512,"name":"Vaccine Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccine_Design?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1426713,"name":"Antigen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antigen?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75740237" data-work_id="75740237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75740237/Public_antibodies_to_malaria_antigens_generated_by_two_LAIR1_insertion_modalities">Public antibodies to malaria antigens generated by two LAIR1 insertion modalities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In two previously described donors, the extracellular domain of LAIR1, a collagen-binding inhibitory receptor encoded on chromosome 19 (ref. 1), was inserted between the V and DJ segments of an antibody. This insertion generated, through... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75740237" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In two previously described donors, the extracellular domain of LAIR1, a collagen-binding inhibitory receptor encoded on chromosome 19 (ref. 1), was inserted between the V and DJ segments of an antibody. This insertion generated, through somatic mutations, broadly reactive antibodies against RIFINs, a type of variant antigen expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. To investigate how frequently such antibodies are produced in response to malaria infection, we screened plasma from two large cohorts of individuals living in malaria-endemic regions. Here we report that 5-10% of malaria-exposed individuals, but none of the European blood donors tested, have high levels of LAIR1-containing antibodies that dominate the response to infected erythrocytes without conferring enhanced protection against febrile malaria. By analysing the antibody-producing B cell clones at the protein, cDNA and gDNA levels, we characterized additional LAIR1 insertions between the...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75740237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b6402a4ac0c0e13ace357413082a50e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83390571,"asset_id":75740237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83390571/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111087489" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdirahmanAbdi18">Abdirahman Abdi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111087489" type="text/json">{"id":111087489,"first_name":"Abdirahman","last_name":"Abdi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdirahmanAbdi18","display_name":"Abdirahman Abdi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbdirahmanAbdi18?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75740237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75740237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75740237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75740237", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75740237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75740237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75740237"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75740237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75740237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75740237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75740237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75740237").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75740237").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75740237"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75740237]'), work: {"id":75740237,"title":"Public antibodies to malaria antigens generated by two LAIR1 insertion modalities","created_at":"2022-04-07T09:56:23.606-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75740237/Public_antibodies_to_malaria_antigens_generated_by_two_LAIR1_insertion_modalities?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_75740237","summary":"In two previously described donors, the extracellular domain of LAIR1, a collagen-binding inhibitory receptor encoded on chromosome 19 (ref. 1), was inserted between the V and DJ segments of an antibody. This insertion generated, through somatic mutations, broadly reactive antibodies against RIFINs, a type of variant antigen expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. To investigate how frequently such antibodies are produced in response to malaria infection, we screened plasma from two large cohorts of individuals living in malaria-endemic regions. Here we report that 5-10% of malaria-exposed individuals, but none of the European blood donors tested, have high levels of LAIR1-containing antibodies that dominate the response to infected erythrocytes without conferring enhanced protection against febrile malaria. By analysing the antibody-producing B cell clones at the protein, cDNA and gDNA levels, we characterized additional LAIR1 insertions between the...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83390571,"asset_id":75740237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":111087489,"first_name":"Abdirahman","last_name":"Abdi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdirahmanAbdi18","display_name":"Abdirahman Abdi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbdirahmanAbdi18?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":33319,"name":"Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature?f_ri=454230"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=454230"},{"id":283547,"name":"Introns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introns?f_ri=454230"},{"id":330392,"name":"Protein Domains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Domains?f_ri=454230"},{"id":357811,"name":"Antibody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibody?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":678853,"name":"B Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/B_Lymphocytes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":679066,"name":"Blood Donors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Donors?f_ri=454230"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1426713,"name":"Antigen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antigen?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62788039" data-work_id="62788039" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62788039/Screening_of_medicinal_plants_from_Reunion_Island_for_antimalarial_and_cytotoxic_activity">Screening of medicinal plants from Reunion Island for antimalarial and cytotoxic activity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aim of the study: Nine plants from Reunion Island, selected using ethnopharmacology and chemotaxonomy, were investigated for their potential antimalarial value. Materials and methods: Thirty-eight extracts were prepared by maceration... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62788039" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aim of the study: Nine plants from Reunion Island, selected using ethnopharmacology and chemotaxonomy, were investigated for their potential antimalarial value. Materials and methods: Thirty-eight extracts were prepared by maceration using CH 2 Cl 2 and MeOH, and were tested for in vitro activity against the 3D7 and W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The most active extracts were then tested for in vitro cytotoxicity on human WI-38 fibroblasts to determine the selectivity index. Those extracts were also investigated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results: Most active of the extracts tested were the dichloromethane leaves extracts of Nuxia verticillata Lam. (Buddlejaceae), Psiadia arguta Voigt. (Asteraceae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), the methanol extracts from Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. (Aphloiaceae) bark, and Terminalia bentzoe L. (Combretaceae) leaves displaying in vitro IC 50 values ranging from 5.7 to 14.1 g/ml. Extracts from Psiadia, Aphloia at 200 mg/(kg day) and Teminalia at 50 mg/(kg day) also exhibited significant (p < 0.0005) parasite inhibition in mice: 75.5%, 65.6% and 83.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Two plants showed interesting antimalarial activity with good selectivity: Aphloia theiformis and Terminalia bentzoe. Nuxia verticillata still needs to be tested in vivo, with a new batch of plant material.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62788039" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82cdb5679188f8b03ac7d810ea693f51" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75446328,"asset_id":62788039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75446328/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4996280" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HippolyteKodja">Hippolyte Kodja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4996280" type="text/json">{"id":4996280,"first_name":"Hippolyte","last_name":"Kodja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HippolyteKodja","display_name":"Hippolyte Kodja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HippolyteKodja?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62788039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62788039"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62788039, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62788039", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62788039]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62788039").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62788039").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62788039"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology">Ethnopharmacology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14032" type="text/json">{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62788039]'), work: {"id":62788039,"title":"Screening of medicinal plants from Reunion Island for antimalarial and cytotoxic activity","created_at":"2021-11-30T20:52:48.100-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62788039/Screening_of_medicinal_plants_from_Reunion_Island_for_antimalarial_and_cytotoxic_activity?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_62788039","summary":"Aim of the study: Nine plants from Reunion Island, selected using ethnopharmacology and chemotaxonomy, were investigated for their potential antimalarial value. Materials and methods: Thirty-eight extracts were prepared by maceration using CH 2 Cl 2 and MeOH, and were tested for in vitro activity against the 3D7 and W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The most active extracts were then tested for in vitro cytotoxicity on human WI-38 fibroblasts to determine the selectivity index. Those extracts were also investigated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results: Most active of the extracts tested were the dichloromethane leaves extracts of Nuxia verticillata Lam. (Buddlejaceae), Psiadia arguta Voigt. (Asteraceae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae), the methanol extracts from Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. (Aphloiaceae) bark, and Terminalia bentzoe L. (Combretaceae) leaves displaying in vitro IC 50 values ranging from 5.7 to 14.1 g/ml. Extracts from Psiadia, Aphloia at 200 mg/(kg day) and Teminalia at 50 mg/(kg day) also exhibited significant (p \u003c 0.0005) parasite inhibition in mice: 75.5%, 65.6% and 83.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Two plants showed interesting antimalarial activity with good selectivity: Aphloia theiformis and Terminalia bentzoe. Nuxia verticillata still needs to be tested in vivo, with a new batch of plant material.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75446328,"asset_id":62788039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4996280,"first_name":"Hippolyte","last_name":"Kodja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HippolyteKodja","display_name":"Hippolyte Kodja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HippolyteKodja?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=454230"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=454230"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=454230"},{"id":361141,"name":"Angiosperms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angiosperms?f_ri=454230"},{"id":382460,"name":"Cytotoxic Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytotoxic_Activity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=454230"},{"id":919274,"name":"Chloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chloroquine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1693871,"name":"Plasmodium berghei","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_berghei?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2533047,"name":"fibroblasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/fibroblasts?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32094896" data-work_id="32094896" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32094896/Trial_of_the_ParaSight_F_test_for_malaria_diagnosis_in_the_primary_health_care_system_Zimbabwe">Trial of the ParaSight-F test for malaria diagnosis in the primary health care system, Zimbabwe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains one of the main limitations to prompt treatment. Diagnosis based on clinical symptoms is decidedly unreliable, especially in areas of seasonal transmission like Zimbabwe. In view of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32094896" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains one of the main limitations to prompt treatment. Diagnosis based on clinical symptoms is decidedly unreliable, especially in areas of seasonal transmission like Zimbabwe. In view of this, the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein (HRP-II) antigen detection assay (ParaSight-F test) was tried at 10 health centres in 3 malaria endemicity zones of Zimbabwe, as a malaria diagnostic tool for primary health care. Parasitological evaluations were conducted using thick and thin film microscopy as gold standard, and ease of test operation and practicability to nurses were ascertained by questionnaire. The sensitivity of the test did not vary substantially by endemicity zone and was ]93%. Specificities were 85, 72 and 92% in the hyperendemic, mesoendemic and hypoendemic zones, respectively. Positive predictive values varied considerably with endemicity, the lowest being in the hypoendemic zone (56%). However, negative predictive values did not change significantly, with a mean of 94%. It was found that the ParaSight-F test reduced mistreatment for malaria, relative to clinical diagnosis, by up to 81%, especially in the hypoendemic region. Test acceptability evaluations were good.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32094896" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55c735f126f868250392b06b8b210e0e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52345228,"asset_id":32094896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52345228/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62203290" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SunganoMharakurwa">Sungano Mharakurwa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62203290" type="text/json">{"id":62203290,"first_name":"Sungano","last_name":"Mharakurwa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SunganoMharakurwa","display_name":"Sungano Mharakurwa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SunganoMharakurwa?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32094896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32094896"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32094896, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32094896", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32094896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32094896; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32094896"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32094896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32094896"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32094896; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32094896]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32094896").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32094896").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32094896"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care">Primary Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2974" type="text/json">{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_medicine_Health_Sciences_">Tropical medicine (Health Sciences)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30599" type="text/json">{"id":30599,"name":"Tropical medicine (Health Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_medicine_Health_Sciences_?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57973" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57973" type="text/json">{"id":57973,"name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zimbabwe?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="147196" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies">Monoclonal Antibodies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="147196" type="text/json">{"id":147196,"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32094896]'), work: {"id":32094896,"title":"Trial of the ParaSight-F test for malaria diagnosis in the primary health care system, Zimbabwe","created_at":"2017-03-28T07:11:03.988-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32094896/Trial_of_the_ParaSight_F_test_for_malaria_diagnosis_in_the_primary_health_care_system_Zimbabwe?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_32094896","summary":"Rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains one of the main limitations to prompt treatment. Diagnosis based on clinical symptoms is decidedly unreliable, especially in areas of seasonal transmission like Zimbabwe. In view of this, the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein (HRP-II) antigen detection assay (ParaSight-F test) was tried at 10 health centres in 3 malaria endemicity zones of Zimbabwe, as a malaria diagnostic tool for primary health care. Parasitological evaluations were conducted using thick and thin film microscopy as gold standard, and ease of test operation and practicability to nurses were ascertained by questionnaire. The sensitivity of the test did not vary substantially by endemicity zone and was ]93%. Specificities were 85, 72 and 92% in the hyperendemic, mesoendemic and hypoendemic zones, respectively. Positive predictive values varied considerably with endemicity, the lowest being in the hypoendemic zone (56%). However, negative predictive values did not change significantly, with a mean of 94%. It was found that the ParaSight-F test reduced mistreatment for malaria, relative to clinical diagnosis, by up to 81%, especially in the hypoendemic region. Test acceptability evaluations were good.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52345228,"asset_id":32094896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62203290,"first_name":"Sungano","last_name":"Mharakurwa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SunganoMharakurwa","display_name":"Sungano Mharakurwa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SunganoMharakurwa?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":30599,"name":"Tropical medicine (Health Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_medicine_Health_Sciences_?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":57973,"name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zimbabwe?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":147196,"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21492308" data-work_id="21492308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21492308/Reduced_risk_of_clinical_malaria_in_children_infected_with_multiple_clones_of_Plasmodium_falciparum_in_a_highly_endemic_area_a_prospective_community_study">Reduced risk of clinical malaria in children infected with multiple clones of Plasmodium falciparum in a highly endemic area: a prospective community study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A prospective community study in a highly malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea found that infection with multiple Plasmodium falciparum genotypes was an indicator of lowered risk of subsequent clinical attack. The results suggest that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21492308" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A prospective community study in a highly malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea found that infection with multiple Plasmodium falciparum genotypes was an indicator of lowered risk of subsequent clinical attack. The results suggest that concurrent or very recent infections provide protection from superinfecting parasites. The finding of an association between reduced risk of clinical malaria and infection with parasites of merozoite surface protein 1 (MS&l) type R033 or MSP-2 type 3D7 further suggests that the concomitant immunity is, at least in part, a consequence of a response to these major merozoite surface proteins.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21492308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf043a3d3f16abaf7062c02e127faa9a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41924110,"asset_id":21492308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41924110/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42580547" href="https://monash.academia.edu/JohnReeder">John Reeder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42580547" type="text/json">{"id":42580547,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Reeder","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"JohnReeder","display_name":"John Reeder","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/JohnReeder?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21492308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21492308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21492308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21492308", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21492308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21492308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21492308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21492308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20606" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papua_New_Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20606" type="text/json">{"id":20606,"name":"Papua New Guinea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papua_New_Guinea?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21492308]'), work: {"id":21492308,"title":"Reduced risk of clinical malaria in children infected with multiple clones of Plasmodium falciparum in a highly endemic area: a prospective community study","created_at":"2016-02-02T23:30:14.259-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21492308/Reduced_risk_of_clinical_malaria_in_children_infected_with_multiple_clones_of_Plasmodium_falciparum_in_a_highly_endemic_area_a_prospective_community_study?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_21492308","summary":"A prospective community study in a highly malaria endemic area of Papua New Guinea found that infection with multiple Plasmodium falciparum genotypes was an indicator of lowered risk of subsequent clinical attack. The results suggest that concurrent or very recent infections provide protection from superinfecting parasites. The finding of an association between reduced risk of clinical malaria and infection with parasites of merozoite surface protein 1 (MS\u0026l) type R033 or MSP-2 type 3D7 further suggests that the concomitant immunity is, at least in part, a consequence of a response to these major merozoite surface proteins.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41924110,"asset_id":21492308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42580547,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Reeder","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"JohnReeder","display_name":"John Reeder","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/JohnReeder?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":20606,"name":"Papua New Guinea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papua_New_Guinea?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":157932,"name":"Endemic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endemic_Diseases?f_ri=454230"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=454230"},{"id":399434,"name":"Morbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morbidity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2277621,"name":"Merozoite surface protein 1","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merozoite_surface_protein_1?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18925112" data-work_id="18925112" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18925112/Hygiene_hypothesis_Innate_immunity_malaria_and_multiple_sclerosis">Hygiene hypothesis: Innate immunity, malaria and multiple sclerosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The establishment of new hygienic conditions plays a role in the appearance of autoimmunity in ''westernalised'' countries. Consistently, but still unconvincingly, several epidemiological and immunogenetic evidences link the disappearance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18925112" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The establishment of new hygienic conditions plays a role in the appearance of autoimmunity in ''westernalised'' countries. Consistently, but still unconvincingly, several epidemiological and immunogenetic evidences link the disappearance of malaria with the increase of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Sardinia, insular Italy. To this purpose, we have made an attempt to build a relationship between malaria disappearance and MS under the light of the hygiene hypothesis. This relationship has taken into account the MS frequency increase soon after malaria eradication in Sardinia, the present malaria endemism in Africa, the innate immune system activity here represented by Chitotriosidase (Chit), an hydrolytic enzyme produced by macrophages, and an unproductive polymorphism of Chit gene (CHIT1) as a measure of the genetic weight of Plasmodium-related immunity in these populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18925112" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33d6446bc673276571e9edeef685bcc5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40332232,"asset_id":18925112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40332232/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39052595" href="https://uniss.academia.edu/AAngius">Andrea Angius</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39052595" type="text/json">{"id":39052595,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Angius","domain_name":"uniss","page_name":"AAngius","display_name":"Andrea Angius","profile_url":"https://uniss.academia.edu/AAngius?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39052595/10796415/12716625/s65_andrea.angius.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18925112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18925112"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18925112, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18925112", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18925112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18925112; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18925112"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18925112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18925112"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18925112; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18925112]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18925112").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18925112").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18925112"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3097" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis">Multiple sclerosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3097" type="text/json">{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3855" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism">Polymorphism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3855" type="text/json">{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18925112]'), work: {"id":18925112,"title":"Hygiene hypothesis: Innate immunity, malaria and multiple sclerosis","created_at":"2015-11-24T06:34:59.341-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18925112/Hygiene_hypothesis_Innate_immunity_malaria_and_multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_18925112","summary":"The establishment of new hygienic conditions plays a role in the appearance of autoimmunity in ''westernalised'' countries. Consistently, but still unconvincingly, several epidemiological and immunogenetic evidences link the disappearance of malaria with the increase of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Sardinia, insular Italy. To this purpose, we have made an attempt to build a relationship between malaria disappearance and MS under the light of the hygiene hypothesis. This relationship has taken into account the MS frequency increase soon after malaria eradication in Sardinia, the present malaria endemism in Africa, the innate immune system activity here represented by Chitotriosidase (Chit), an hydrolytic enzyme produced by macrophages, and an unproductive polymorphism of Chit gene (CHIT1) as a measure of the genetic weight of Plasmodium-related immunity in these populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40332232,"asset_id":18925112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39052595,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Angius","domain_name":"uniss","page_name":"AAngius","display_name":"Andrea Angius","profile_url":"https://uniss.academia.edu/AAngius?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39052595/10796415/12716625/s65_andrea.angius.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=454230"},{"id":81309,"name":"Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Disease?f_ri=454230"},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=454230"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=454230"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1387364,"name":"Genetic Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Selection?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1938317,"name":"Innate Immune System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_Immune_System?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33346626" data-work_id="33346626" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33346626/Rapid_Urban_Malaria_Appraisal_RUMA_IV_epidemiology_of_urban_malaria_in_Cotonou_Benin_">Rapid Urban Malaria Appraisal (RUMA) IV: epidemiology of urban malaria in Cotonou (Benin)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An estimated 40 % of the population in Benin lives in urban areas. The purpose of the study was to estimate malaria endemicity and the fraction of malaria-attributable fevers in health facilities in Cotonou. A health care system... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33346626" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An estimated 40 % of the population in Benin lives in urban areas. The purpose of the study was to estimate malaria endemicity and the fraction of malaria-attributable fevers in health facilities in Cotonou. A health care system evaluation and a series of school parasitaemia surveys and health facility-based surveys were carried out during the dry season in of 2003, applying standard Rapid Urban Malaria Appraisal (RUMA) methodology. This study was part of a multi-site assessment supported by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership. The field work was carried out in February-March 2003. In 2002 and out of 289,342 consultations in the public health facilities of Cotonou there were 100,257 reported simple malaria cases (34.6%) and 12,195 complicated malaria cases (4.2%). In the school parasitaemia surveys, a malaria infection was found in 5.2 % of all samples. The prevalence rates of parasitaemia in the centre, intermediate and periphery zones were 2.6%, 9.0% and 2.5%, respectively. In the h...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33346626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bceb37e582d885ca35c24ff1bcbf5e1e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53405816,"asset_id":33346626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53405816/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65204597" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShrJieWang">Shr-Jie Wang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65204597" type="text/json">{"id":65204597,"first_name":"Shr-Jie","last_name":"Wang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShrJieWang","display_name":"Shr-Jie Wang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShrJieWang?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33346626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33346626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33346626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33346626", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33346626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33346626").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33346626").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33346626"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33346626]'), work: {"id":33346626,"title":"Rapid Urban Malaria Appraisal (RUMA) IV: epidemiology of urban malaria in Cotonou (Benin)","created_at":"2017-06-06T04:57:04.630-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33346626/Rapid_Urban_Malaria_Appraisal_RUMA_IV_epidemiology_of_urban_malaria_in_Cotonou_Benin_?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_33346626","summary":"An estimated 40 % of the population in Benin lives in urban areas. The purpose of the study was to estimate malaria endemicity and the fraction of malaria-attributable fevers in health facilities in Cotonou. A health care system evaluation and a series of school parasitaemia surveys and health facility-based surveys were carried out during the dry season in of 2003, applying standard Rapid Urban Malaria Appraisal (RUMA) methodology. This study was part of a multi-site assessment supported by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership. The field work was carried out in February-March 2003. In 2002 and out of 289,342 consultations in the public health facilities of Cotonou there were 100,257 reported simple malaria cases (34.6%) and 12,195 complicated malaria cases (4.2%). In the school parasitaemia surveys, a malaria infection was found in 5.2 % of all samples. The prevalence rates of parasitaemia in the centre, intermediate and periphery zones were 2.6%, 9.0% and 2.5%, respectively. In the h...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53405816,"asset_id":33346626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65204597,"first_name":"Shr-Jie","last_name":"Wang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShrJieWang","display_name":"Shr-Jie Wang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShrJieWang?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=454230"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=454230"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230"},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=454230"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population?f_ri=454230"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":79873,"name":"Benin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benin?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":245811,"name":"Vector control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vector_control?f_ri=454230"},{"id":246448,"name":"Mosquito Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosquito_Control?f_ri=454230"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":389381,"name":"Health Care System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_System?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":557260,"name":"Health surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_surveys?f_ri=454230"},{"id":570668,"name":"Urban Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Population?f_ri=454230"},{"id":647003,"name":"Rural Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Area?f_ri=454230"},{"id":649451,"name":"Seasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasons?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1470936,"name":"Age Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Groups?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1984794,"name":"Urban Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Area?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25837840" data-work_id="25837840" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25837840/Co_expression_of_the_Plasmodium_falciparum_molecular_chaperone_PfHsp70_improves_the_heterologous_production_of_the_antimalarial_drug_target_GTP_cyclohydrolase_I_PfGCHI">Co-expression of the Plasmodium falciparum molecular chaperone, PfHsp70, improves the heterologous production of the antimalarial drug target GTP cyclohydrolase I, PfGCHI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Molecular chaperones have been used for the improved expression of target proteins within heterologous systems; however, the chaperone and target protein have seldom been matched in terms of origin. We have developed a heterologous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25837840" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Molecular chaperones have been used for the improved expression of target proteins within heterologous systems; however, the chaperone and target protein have seldom been matched in terms of origin. We have developed a heterologous co-expression system that allows independent expression of the plasmodial chaperone, PfHsp70, and a plasmodial target protein. In this study, the target was Plasmodium falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase I (PfGCHI), the first enzyme in the plasmodial folate pathway. The sequential expression of the molecular chaperone followed by the target protein increased the expression of soluble functional PfGCHI. His-tagged PfGCHI was successfully purified using nickel affinity chromatography, and the specific activity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometeric detection to be 5.93 nmol/hr/mg. This is the first report of a heterologous co-expression system in which a plasmodial chaperone is harnessed for the improved production and purification of a plasmodial target protein.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25837840" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="abc23463379e597fdf1a0c20a407bb7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46203574,"asset_id":25837840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46203574/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32405162" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AddmoreShonhai">Addmore Shonhai</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32405162" type="text/json">{"id":32405162,"first_name":"Addmore","last_name":"Shonhai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AddmoreShonhai","display_name":"Addmore Shonhai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AddmoreShonhai?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25837840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25837840"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25837840, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25837840", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25837840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25837840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25837840"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25837840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25837840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25837840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25837840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25837840").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25837840").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25837840"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3971" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Folding">Protein Folding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3971" type="text/json">{"id":3971,"name":"Protein Folding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Folding?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="194828" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nickel">Nickel</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="194828" type="text/json">{"id":194828,"name":"Nickel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nickel?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25837840]'), work: {"id":25837840,"title":"Co-expression of the Plasmodium falciparum molecular chaperone, PfHsp70, improves the heterologous production of the antimalarial drug target GTP cyclohydrolase I, PfGCHI","created_at":"2016-06-03T10:17:25.802-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25837840/Co_expression_of_the_Plasmodium_falciparum_molecular_chaperone_PfHsp70_improves_the_heterologous_production_of_the_antimalarial_drug_target_GTP_cyclohydrolase_I_PfGCHI?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_25837840","summary":"Molecular chaperones have been used for the improved expression of target proteins within heterologous systems; however, the chaperone and target protein have seldom been matched in terms of origin. We have developed a heterologous co-expression system that allows independent expression of the plasmodial chaperone, PfHsp70, and a plasmodial target protein. In this study, the target was Plasmodium falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase I (PfGCHI), the first enzyme in the plasmodial folate pathway. The sequential expression of the molecular chaperone followed by the target protein increased the expression of soluble functional PfGCHI. His-tagged PfGCHI was successfully purified using nickel affinity chromatography, and the specific activity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometeric detection to be 5.93 nmol/hr/mg. This is the first report of a heterologous co-expression system in which a plasmodial chaperone is harnessed for the improved production and purification of a plasmodial target protein.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46203574,"asset_id":25837840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32405162,"first_name":"Addmore","last_name":"Shonhai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AddmoreShonhai","display_name":"Addmore Shonhai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AddmoreShonhai?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3971,"name":"Protein Folding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Folding?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":194828,"name":"Nickel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nickel?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":201241,"name":"Affinity chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affinity_chromatography?f_ri=454230"},{"id":205584,"name":"Solubility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solubility?f_ri=454230"},{"id":225787,"name":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=454230"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=454230"},{"id":246560,"name":"High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Pressure_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=454230"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=454230"},{"id":295729,"name":"Protein expression and purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_expression_and_purification?f_ri=454230"},{"id":399886,"name":"Specific Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specific_Activity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":744838,"name":"Protozoan Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protozoan_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1015099,"name":"Drug Targeting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Targeting?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1212105,"name":"Molecular Targeted Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Targeted_Therapy?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1365896,"name":"Histidine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histidine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12714531" data-work_id="12714531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12714531/Cloning_of_Plasmodium_falciparum_protein_disulfide_isomerase_homologue_by_affinity_purification_using_the_antiplasmodial_inhibitor_1_4_bis_3_N_cyclohexyl_methyl_amino_propyl_piperazine">Cloning of Plasmodium falciparum protein disulfide isomerase homologue by affinity purification using the antiplasmodial inhibitor 1,4-bis{3-[N-(cyclohexyl methyl)amino]propyl}piperazine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A series of 10 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine compounds was found to display antiplasmodial activity with 50% growth inhibition between 30 and 250 nM, on three Plasmodium falciparum strains differently sensitive to chloroquine. By... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12714531" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A series of 10 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine compounds was found to display antiplasmodial activity with 50% growth inhibition between 30 and 250 nM, on three Plasmodium falciparum strains differently sensitive to chloroquine. By affinity chromatography using one of these compounds, a 52-kDa protein was isolated from P. falciparum, microsequenced and cloned. It corresponded to a single copy gene encoding a 453 amino acid protein displaying the typical features of protein disulfide isomerases, a thiol metabolizing enzyme belonging to the thiol : disulfide oxidoreductase superfamily, which was not previously described in malarial species. ß</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12714531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b9b6b8051c5c8060004d6362ebc80a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45984472,"asset_id":12714531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45984472/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31744291" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethMouray">Elisabeth Mouray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31744291" type="text/json">{"id":31744291,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Mouray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabethMouray","display_name":"Elisabeth Mouray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethMouray?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12714531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12714531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12714531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12714531", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12714531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12714531").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12714531").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12714531"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia">Colombia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3261" type="text/json">{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10096" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand">Thailand</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10096" type="text/json">{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23241" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23241" type="text/json">{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67484" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_alignment">Sequence alignment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67484" type="text/json">{"id":67484,"name":"Sequence alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_alignment?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12714531]'), work: {"id":12714531,"title":"Cloning of Plasmodium falciparum protein disulfide isomerase homologue by affinity purification using the antiplasmodial inhibitor 1,4-bis{3-[N-(cyclohexyl methyl)amino]propyl}piperazine","created_at":"2015-06-01T00:57:01.196-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12714531/Cloning_of_Plasmodium_falciparum_protein_disulfide_isomerase_homologue_by_affinity_purification_using_the_antiplasmodial_inhibitor_1_4_bis_3_N_cyclohexyl_methyl_amino_propyl_piperazine?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_12714531","summary":"A series of 10 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine compounds was found to display antiplasmodial activity with 50% growth inhibition between 30 and 250 nM, on three Plasmodium falciparum strains differently sensitive to chloroquine. By affinity chromatography using one of these compounds, a 52-kDa protein was isolated from P. falciparum, microsequenced and cloned. It corresponded to a single copy gene encoding a 453 amino acid protein displaying the typical features of protein disulfide isomerases, a thiol metabolizing enzyme belonging to the thiol : disulfide oxidoreductase superfamily, which was not previously described in malarial species. ß","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45984472,"asset_id":12714531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31744291,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Mouray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabethMouray","display_name":"Elisabeth Mouray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethMouray?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":67484,"name":"Sequence alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_alignment?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":122187,"name":"Endoplasmic Reticulum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endoplasmic_Reticulum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":201241,"name":"Affinity chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affinity_chromatography?f_ri=454230"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=454230"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":585573,"name":"Amino Acid Profile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Profile?f_ri=454230"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=454230"},{"id":769359,"name":"Growth Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Inhibition?f_ri=454230"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13250735" data-work_id="13250735" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13250735/Malaria_associated_atypical_memory_B_cells_exhibit_markedly_reduced_B_cell_receptor_signaling_and_effector_function">Malaria-associated atypical memory B cells exhibit markedly reduced B cell receptor signaling and effector function</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">22 Protective antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria are only acquired after years of 23 repeated infections. Chronic malaria exposure is associated with a large increase in 24 atypical memory B cells (MBCs) that resemble B cells... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13250735" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">22 Protective antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria are only acquired after years of 23 repeated infections. Chronic malaria exposure is associated with a large increase in 24 atypical memory B cells (MBCs) that resemble B cells expanded in a variety of persistent 25 viral infections. Understanding the function of atypical MBCs and their relationship to 26 classical MBCs will be critical to developing effective vaccines for malaria and other 27 chronic infections. We show that VH gene repertoires and somatic hypermutation rates of 28 atypical and classical MBCs are indistinguishable indicating a common developmental 29 history. Atypical MBCs express an array of inhibitory receptors and B cell receptor 30 (BCR) signaling is stunted in atypical MBCs resulting in impaired B cell responses 31 including proliferation, cytokine production and antibody secretion. Thus, in response to 32 chronic malaria exposure, atypical MBCs appear to differentiate from classical MBCs 33 becoming refractory to BCR-mediated activation and potentially interfering with the 34 acquisition of malaria immunity. 35 3 Introduction 36</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13250735" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8cc8dd3ce1ddcf33643f399ffdbb35ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45549305,"asset_id":13250735,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45549305/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32507271" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KassoumKayentao">Kassoum Kayentao</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32507271" type="text/json">{"id":32507271,"first_name":"Kassoum","last_name":"Kayentao","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KassoumKayentao","display_name":"Kassoum Kayentao","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KassoumKayentao?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13250735 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13250735"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13250735, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13250735", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13250735]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13250735").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13250735").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13250735"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30444" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium">Plasmodium</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30444" type="text/json">{"id":30444,"name":"Plasmodium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13250735]'), work: {"id":13250735,"title":"Malaria-associated atypical memory B cells exhibit markedly reduced B cell receptor signaling and effector function","created_at":"2015-06-24T12:49:54.183-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13250735/Malaria_associated_atypical_memory_B_cells_exhibit_markedly_reduced_B_cell_receptor_signaling_and_effector_function?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_13250735","summary":"22 Protective antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria are only acquired after years of 23 repeated infections. Chronic malaria exposure is associated with a large increase in 24 atypical memory B cells (MBCs) that resemble B cells expanded in a variety of persistent 25 viral infections. Understanding the function of atypical MBCs and their relationship to 26 classical MBCs will be critical to developing effective vaccines for malaria and other 27 chronic infections. We show that VH gene repertoires and somatic hypermutation rates of 28 atypical and classical MBCs are indistinguishable indicating a common developmental 29 history. Atypical MBCs express an array of inhibitory receptors and B cell receptor 30 (BCR) signaling is stunted in atypical MBCs resulting in impaired B cell responses 31 including proliferation, cytokine production and antibody secretion. Thus, in response to 32 chronic malaria exposure, atypical MBCs appear to differentiate from classical MBCs 33 becoming refractory to BCR-mediated activation and potentially interfering with the 34 acquisition of malaria immunity. 35 3 Introduction 36","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45549305,"asset_id":13250735,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32507271,"first_name":"Kassoum","last_name":"Kayentao","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KassoumKayentao","display_name":"Kassoum Kayentao","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KassoumKayentao?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene 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Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Regression_Model?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1249942,"name":"Zanzibar Without Malaria Is Possible","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zanzibar_Without_Malaria_Is_Possible?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20336627" data-work_id="20336627" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20336627/Immune_response_induced_by_recombinant_BCG_expressing_merozoite_surface_antigen_2_from_Plasmodium_falciparum">Immune response induced by recombinant BCG expressing merozoite surface antigen 2 from Plasmodium falciparum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used as a live bacterial vaccine to immunize >3 billion people against tuberculosis. In an attempt to use this vaccinal strain as a vehicle for protective antigens, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20336627" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used as a live bacterial vaccine to immunize >3 billion people against tuberculosis. In an attempt to use this vaccinal strain as a vehicle for protective antigens, the recombinant BCG (rBCG), expressing merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA2) from Plasmodium falciparum under the control of an expression cassette carrying the promoter of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from M. tuberculosis, was constructed and used to immunize BABL/c mice. The administration of rBCG producing MSA2 (BCG-MSA2) resulted in the induction of a strong humoral and cellular response directed against MSA2. These results encourage the further protection testing of BCG-MSA2 vaccines in primate models.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20336627" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="909c1b29bfd0e85c94b719b2a8a89d36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41295374,"asset_id":20336627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41295374/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41635340" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChunfuZheng">Chunfu Zheng</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41635340" type="text/json">{"id":41635340,"first_name":"Chunfu","last_name":"Zheng","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChunfuZheng","display_name":"Chunfu Zheng","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChunfuZheng?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20336627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20336627"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20336627, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20336627", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20336627]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20336627").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20336627").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20336627"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice">Mice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84760" type="text/json">{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="150847" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccine">Vaccine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="150847" type="text/json">{"id":150847,"name":"Vaccine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20336627]'), work: {"id":20336627,"title":"Immune response induced by recombinant BCG expressing merozoite surface antigen 2 from Plasmodium falciparum","created_at":"2016-01-17T16:12:00.075-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20336627/Immune_response_induced_by_recombinant_BCG_expressing_merozoite_surface_antigen_2_from_Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_20336627","summary":"Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used as a live bacterial vaccine to immunize \u003e3 billion people against tuberculosis. In an attempt to use this vaccinal strain as a vehicle for protective antigens, the recombinant BCG (rBCG), expressing merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA2) from Plasmodium falciparum under the control of an expression cassette carrying the promoter of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from M. tuberculosis, was constructed and used to immunize BABL/c mice. The administration of rBCG producing MSA2 (BCG-MSA2) resulted in the induction of a strong humoral and cellular response directed against MSA2. These results encourage the further protection testing of BCG-MSA2 vaccines in primate models.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41295374,"asset_id":20336627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41635340,"first_name":"Chunfu","last_name":"Zheng","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChunfuZheng","display_name":"Chunfu Zheng","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChunfuZheng?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":150847,"name":"Vaccine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":744838,"name":"Protozoan Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protozoan_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":765872,"name":"Heat Shock Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Shock_Protein?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1716403,"name":"immunoglobulin G","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immunoglobulin_G?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1895642,"name":"Malaria Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Vaccines?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1924712,"name":"Interleukin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukin?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2058663,"name":"Interferon gamma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferon_gamma?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2212745,"name":"BCG vaccine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BCG_vaccine?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17655998 coauthored" data-work_id="17655998" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17655998/Quality_of_malaria_case_management_at_outpatient_health_facilities_in_Angola">Quality of malaria case management at outpatient health facilities in Angola</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Angola's malaria case-management policy recommends treatment with artemetherlumefantrine (AL). In 2006, AL implementation began in Huambo Province, which involved training health workers (HWs), supervision, delivering AL to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17655998" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Angola's malaria case-management policy recommends treatment with artemetherlumefantrine (AL). In 2006, AL implementation began in Huambo Province, which involved training health workers (HWs), supervision, delivering AL to health facilities, and improving malaria testing with microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Implementation was complicated by a policy that was sometimes ambiguous.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17655998" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="078988d69c006a17a5c91e3ae6da25d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39641675,"asset_id":17655998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39641675/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37555484" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulesMihigo">Jules Mihigo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37555484" type="text/json">{"id":37555484,"first_name":"Jules","last_name":"Mihigo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulesMihigo","display_name":"Jules Mihigo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulesMihigo?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-17655998">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-17655998"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PedroVand%C3%BAnem">Pedro Van-dúnem</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-17655998'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-17655998').html(); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/79397273/Quinolone_3_Diarylethers_A_New_Class_of_Antimalarial_Drug">Quinolone-3-Diarylethers: A New Class of Antimalarial Drug</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">ELQ-300, an investigational drug for treating and preventing malaria, shows potent transmission-blocking activity in rodent models of malaria.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79397273" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9abdfbed2e3fb61fb670358cf01cf463" rel="nofollow" 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50272794" data-work_id="50272794" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50272794/Antimalarial_activities_of_ferroquine_conjugates_with_either_glutathione_reductase_inhibitors_or_glutathione_depletors_via_a_hydrolyzable_amide_linker">Antimalarial activities of ferroquine conjugates with either glutathione reductase inhibitors or glutathione depletors via a hydrolyzable amide linker</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Based on the prodrug concept as well as the combination of two different classes of antimalarial agents, we designed and synthesized two series of ferrocenic antimalarial dual molecules consisting of a ferroquine analogue conjugated with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50272794" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Based on the prodrug concept as well as the combination of two different classes of antimalarial agents, we designed and synthesized two series of ferrocenic antimalarial dual molecules consisting of a ferroquine analogue conjugated with a glutathione reductase inhibitor (or a glutathione depletor) through a cleavable amide bond in order to target two essential pathways in the malarial parasites. The results showed no enhancement of the antimalarial activity of the dual molecules but evidenced a unique mode of action of ferroquine and ferrocenyl analogues distinct of those of chloroquine and nonferrocenic 4-aminoquinoline analogues.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50272794" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80bef79a9468fc2f500ce0b3a75d22fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68320540,"asset_id":50272794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68320540/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48052405" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethDavioudCharvet">Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48052405" type="text/json">{"id":48052405,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Davioud-Charvet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabethDavioudCharvet","display_name":"Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethDavioudCharvet?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50272794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50272794"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50272794, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50272794", }); 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The results showed no enhancement of the antimalarial activity of the dual molecules but evidenced a unique mode of action of ferroquine and ferrocenyl analogues distinct of those of chloroquine and nonferrocenic 4-aminoquinoline analogues.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68320540,"asset_id":50272794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48052405,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Davioud-Charvet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElisabethDavioudCharvet","display_name":"Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethDavioudCharvet?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":59370,"name":"In Vitro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":64461,"name":"Prodrugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prodrugs?f_ri=454230"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=454230"},{"id":144062,"name":"Pigments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigments?f_ri=454230"},{"id":145891,"name":"Pigment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigment?f_ri=454230"},{"id":326380,"name":"Liquid Chromatography / Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography_Electrospray_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=454230"},{"id":331187,"name":"Mode of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mode_of_action?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":725615,"name":"Mechanism of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanism_of_action?f_ri=454230"},{"id":728493,"name":"Bioorganic and medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioorganic_and_medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1011463,"name":"Glutathione Reductase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione_Reductase?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1152821,"name":"Chemical Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Synthesis?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1330008,"name":"Hemin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemin?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6918391" data-work_id="6918391" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6918391/Comparative_study_of_the_efficacy_and_tolerability_of_dihydroartemisinin_piperaquine_trimethoprim_versus_artemether_lumefantrine_in_the_treatment_of_uncomplicated_Plasmodium_falciparum_malaria_in_Cameroon_Ivory_Coast_and_Senegal">Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine - trimethoprim versus artemether - lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background The ACT recommended by WHO is very effective and well-tolerated. However, these combinations need to be administered for three days, which may limit adherence to treatment. The combination of dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6918391" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background The ACT recommended by WHO is very effective and well-tolerated. However, these combinations need to be administered for three days, which may limit adherence to treatment. The combination of dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine phosphate - trimethoprim (Artecom®, Odypharm Ltd), which involves treatment over two days, appears to be a good alternative, particularly in malaria-endemic areas. This study intends to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the combination dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine phosphate - trimethoprim (DPT) versus artemether - lumefantrine (AL) in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial with a 28-day follow-up period comparing DPT to AL as the reference drug. The study involved patients of at least two years of age, suffering from acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria with fever. The WHO 2003 protocol was used. Results A total of 418 patients were included in the study and divided into two treatment groups: 212 in the DPT group and 206 in the AL group. The data analysis involved the 403 subjects who correctly followed the protocol (per protocol analysis), i.e. 206 (51.1%) in the DPT group and 197 (48.9%) in the AL group. The recovery rate at D14 was 100% in both treatment groups. The recovery rate at D28 was 99% in the DPT and AL groups before and after PCR results with one-sided 97.5% Confidence Interval of the rates difference > -1.90%. More than 96% of patients who received DPT were apyrexial 48 hours after treatment compared to 83.5% in the AL group (p < 0.001). More than 95% of the people in the DPT group had a parasite clearance time of 48 hours or less compared to approximately 90% in the AL group (p = 0.023). Both drugs were well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. All of the adverse events observed were minor and did not result in the treatment being stopped in either treatment group. The main minor adverse events reported were vomiting, abdominal pain and pruritus. Conclusion The overall efficacy and tolerability of DPT are similar to those of AL. The ease of taking DPT and its short treatment course (two days) may help to improve adherence to treatment. Taken together, these findings make this medicinal product a treatment of choice for the effective management of malaria in Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6918391" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30e140c1dd154e900e983049d8597802" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48669094,"asset_id":6918391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48669094/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11651805" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MoussaKone2">Moussa Kone</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11651805" type="text/json">{"id":11651805,"first_name":"Moussa","last_name":"Kone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoussaKone2","display_name":"Moussa Kone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoussaKone2?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6918391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6918391"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6918391, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6918391", }); 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However, these combinations need to be administered for three days, which may limit adherence to treatment. The combination of dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine phosphate - trimethoprim (Artecom®, Odypharm Ltd), which involves treatment over two days, appears to be a good alternative, particularly in malaria-endemic areas. This study intends to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the combination dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine phosphate - trimethoprim (DPT) versus artemether - lumefantrine (AL) in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Senegal. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial with a 28-day follow-up period comparing DPT to AL as the reference drug. The study involved patients of at least two years of age, suffering from acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria with fever. The WHO 2003 protocol was used. Results A total of 418 patients were included in the study and divided into two treatment groups: 212 in the DPT group and 206 in the AL group. The data analysis involved the 403 subjects who correctly followed the protocol (per protocol analysis), i.e. 206 (51.1%) in the DPT group and 197 (48.9%) in the AL group. The recovery rate at D14 was 100% in both treatment groups. The recovery rate at D28 was 99% in the DPT and AL groups before and after PCR results with one-sided 97.5% Confidence Interval of the rates difference \u003e -1.90%. More than 96% of patients who received DPT were apyrexial 48 hours after treatment compared to 83.5% in the AL group (p \u003c 0.001). More than 95% of the people in the DPT group had a parasite clearance time of 48 hours or less compared to approximately 90% in the AL group (p = 0.023). Both drugs were well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. All of the adverse events observed were minor and did not result in the treatment being stopped in either treatment group. The main minor adverse events reported were vomiting, abdominal pain and pruritus. Conclusion The overall efficacy and tolerability of DPT are similar to those of AL. The ease of taking DPT and its short treatment course (two days) may help to improve adherence to treatment. Taken together, these findings make this medicinal product a treatment of choice for the effective management of malaria in Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48669094,"asset_id":6918391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11651805,"first_name":"Moussa","last_name":"Kone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoussaKone2","display_name":"Moussa Kone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoussaKone2?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":11421,"name":"Cameroon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cameroon?f_ri=454230"},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=454230"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230"},{"id":35618,"name":"Senegal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senegal?f_ri=454230"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=454230"},{"id":425873,"name":"Adverse Event","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adverse_Event?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy?f_ri=454230"},{"id":816974,"name":"Quinolines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quinolines?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1180715,"name":"Abdominal Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abdominal_Pain?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1795221,"name":"Cote D Ivoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cote_D_Ivoire?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27022342" data-work_id="27022342" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27022342/Plasmodium_falciparum_gametocytaemia_with_chloroquine_chemotherapy_in_persistent_malaria_in_an_endemic_area_of_India">Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia with chloroquine chemotherapy in persistent malaria in an endemic area of India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gametocyte sex-ratio in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is an important determinant of transmission success and basis of disease epidemiology. Information on ratio of male to female gametocytes after an exposure of antimalarial regimens... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27022342" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gametocyte sex-ratio in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is an important determinant of transmission success and basis of disease epidemiology. Information on ratio of male to female gametocytes after an exposure of antimalarial regimens under field conditions is very limited. In this retrospective study we observed high densities of gametocytes along with high sex-ratio in P. falciparum cases, which may be responsible for persistent malaria transmission in this area. Laksar PHC of Hardwar district, Uttarakhand State, India was selected because it contributed 90 per cent of the total malaria cases. A total of 568 uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria patients were assessed to investigate prevalence of gametocytes while 339 P. falciparum thick smears containing 5620 gametocytes were screened for measuring the gametocyte density for microgametocyte (male) and macrogametocyte (female). Homology of variance (&#39;F&#39; test) was checked on days 7 and 14 including the variables and risk fact...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27022342" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24fab514b8ded95927c85af15b9f7e89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47286043,"asset_id":27022342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47286043/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51052944" href="https://ruhsraj.academia.edu/AshishGupta">Ashish Gupta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51052944" type="text/json">{"id":51052944,"first_name":"Ashish","last_name":"Gupta","domain_name":"ruhsraj","page_name":"AshishGupta","display_name":"Ashish Gupta","profile_url":"https://ruhsraj.academia.edu/AshishGupta?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27022342 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27022342"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27022342, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27022342", }); 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Information on ratio of male to female gametocytes after an exposure of antimalarial regimens under field conditions is very limited. In this retrospective study we observed high densities of gametocytes along with high sex-ratio in P. falciparum cases, which may be responsible for persistent malaria transmission in this area. Laksar PHC of Hardwar district, Uttarakhand State, India was selected because it contributed 90 per cent of the total malaria cases. A total of 568 uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria patients were assessed to investigate prevalence of gametocytes while 339 P. falciparum thick smears containing 5620 gametocytes were screened for measuring the gametocyte density for microgametocyte (male) and macrogametocyte (female). Homology of variance (\u0026#39;F\u0026#39; test) was checked on days 7 and 14 including the variables and risk fact...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47286043,"asset_id":27022342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51052944,"first_name":"Ashish","last_name":"Gupta","domain_name":"ruhsraj","page_name":"AshishGupta","display_name":"Ashish Gupta","profile_url":"https://ruhsraj.academia.edu/AshishGupta?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":43363,"name":"Screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Screening?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":90987,"name":"Sex ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_ratio?f_ri=454230"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=454230"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":135005,"name":"Patient Compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Compliance?f_ri=454230"},{"id":157932,"name":"Endemic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endemic_Diseases?f_ri=454230"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=454230"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=454230"},{"id":620661,"name":"High Density Concrete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Density_Concrete?f_ri=454230"},{"id":919274,"name":"Chloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chloroquine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":951300,"name":"Female To Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female_To_Male?f_ri=454230"},{"id":990198,"name":"Retrospective Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Study?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26328631" data-work_id="26328631" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26328631/Species_specific_18S_rRNA_gene_amplification_for_the_detection_ofP_falciparumandP_vivaxmalaria_parasites">Species-specific 18S rRNA gene amplification for the detection ofP. falciparumandP. vivaxmalaria parasites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Based on the sequence diversity of the Plasmodium 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), we designed oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield different size fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax. The primers for the PCR... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26328631" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Based on the sequence diversity of the Plasmodium 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), we designed oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield different size fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax. The primers for the PCR procedure were chosen such that the 5' primer was Plasmodium-conserved while the 3" primers were species-specific. Using primer cocktails and cloned plasmid DNAs containing the 18S rRNA genes or parasite genomic DNA as targets, we show that the PCR procedure yields 1-4-kb and 0.5-kb DNA fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. Limited field testing of this procedure demonstrated the utility of a ribosomal gene based species-specific malaria diagnosis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26328631" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13f7f2f232bb4539f17ac534127485b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46640234,"asset_id":26328631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46640234/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30606901" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeyedHasnain">Seyed Hasnain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30606901" type="text/json">{"id":30606901,"first_name":"Seyed","last_name":"Hasnain","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SeyedHasnain","display_name":"Seyed Hasnain","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeyedHasnain?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26328631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26328631"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26328631, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26328631", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26328631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26328631").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26328631").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26328631"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118339" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction">Polymerase Chain Reaction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="118339" type="text/json">{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="234147" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ribosomal_RNA">ribosomal RNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="234147" type="text/json">{"id":234147,"name":"ribosomal RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ribosomal_RNA?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="371424" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomic_DNA">Genomic DNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="371424" type="text/json">{"id":371424,"name":"Genomic DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomic_DNA?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="454230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum">Plasmodium falciparum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="454230" type="text/json">{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26328631]'), work: {"id":26328631,"title":"Species-specific 18S rRNA gene amplification for the detection ofP. falciparumandP. vivaxmalaria parasites","created_at":"2016-06-20T02:51:40.585-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26328631/Species_specific_18S_rRNA_gene_amplification_for_the_detection_ofP_falciparumandP_vivaxmalaria_parasites?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_26328631","summary":"Based on the sequence diversity of the Plasmodium 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), we designed oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield different size fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax. The primers for the PCR procedure were chosen such that the 5' primer was Plasmodium-conserved while the 3\" primers were species-specific. Using primer cocktails and cloned plasmid DNAs containing the 18S rRNA genes or parasite genomic DNA as targets, we show that the PCR procedure yields 1-4-kb and 0.5-kb DNA fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. Limited field testing of this procedure demonstrated the utility of a ribosomal gene based species-specific malaria diagnosis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46640234,"asset_id":26328631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30606901,"first_name":"Seyed","last_name":"Hasnain","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SeyedHasnain","display_name":"Seyed Hasnain","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SeyedHasnain?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":234147,"name":"ribosomal RNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ribosomal_RNA?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":371424,"name":"Genomic DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomic_DNA?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1320136,"name":"Plasmid DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmid_DNA?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1627985,"name":"Plasmodium Vivax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_Vivax?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2256666,"name":"DNA fragmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_fragmentation?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13559071" data-work_id="13559071" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13559071/Functional_characterization_of_the_acyl_carrier_protein_PfACP_and_beta_ketoacyl_ACP_synthase_III_PfKASIII_from_Plasmodium_falciparum">Functional characterization of the acyl carrier protein (PfACP) and beta-ketoacyl ACP synthase III (PfKASIII) from Plasmodium falciparum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The genome of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , appears to contain the proteins necessary for a Type II dissociated fatty acid biosynthetic system. Here we report the functional characterization of two proteins from this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13559071" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The genome of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , appears to contain the proteins necessary for a Type II dissociated fatty acid biosynthetic system. Here we report the functional characterization of two proteins from this system. Purified recombinant acyl carrier protein (ACP) and b-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (KASIII) from P. falciparum are soluble and active in a truncated form. Malarial ACP is activated by the addition of a 4?-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group derived from coenzyme A, generating holo-PfACP. Holo-PfACP is an effective substrate for the transacylase activity of PfKASIII, but substitution of a key active site cysteine in PfKASIII to alanine or serine abolishes enzymatic activity. During the schizont stage of parasite development, there is a significant up-regulation of the mRNAs corresponding to these proteins, indicating an important metabolic requirement for fatty acids during this stage. #</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13559071" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6bf636ee78d490082b93d07862862b5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45216299,"asset_id":13559071,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45216299/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32744405" href="https://jhsph.academia.edu/SeanPrigge">Sean Prigge</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32744405" type="text/json">{"id":32744405,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Prigge","domain_name":"jhsph","page_name":"SeanPrigge","display_name":"Sean Prigge","profile_url":"https://jhsph.academia.edu/SeanPrigge?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13559071 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13559071"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13559071, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13559071", }); 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Here we report the functional characterization of two proteins from this system. Purified recombinant acyl carrier protein (ACP) and b-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III (KASIII) from P. falciparum are soluble and active in a truncated form. Malarial ACP is activated by the addition of a 4?-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group derived from coenzyme A, generating holo-PfACP. Holo-PfACP is an effective substrate for the transacylase activity of PfKASIII, but substitution of a key active site cysteine in PfKASIII to alanine or serine abolishes enzymatic activity. During the schizont stage of parasite development, there is a significant up-regulation of the mRNAs corresponding to these proteins, indicating an important metabolic requirement for fatty acids during this stage. #","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45216299,"asset_id":13559071,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32744405,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Prigge","domain_name":"jhsph","page_name":"SeanPrigge","display_name":"Sean Prigge","profile_url":"https://jhsph.academia.edu/SeanPrigge?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":50157,"name":"Molecular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":67484,"name":"Sequence alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_alignment?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":72314,"name":"Fatty acids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatty_acids?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=454230"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=454230"},{"id":354019,"name":"Active site","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_site?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":486713,"name":"Fatty Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatty_Acid?f_ri=454230"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":894908,"name":"Amino Acid Substitution Rates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Substitution_Rates?f_ri=454230"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1029284,"name":"Enzymatic Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzymatic_Activity?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13647967 coauthored" data-work_id="13647967" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13647967/Placing_the_Plasmodium_falciparum_epigenome_on_the_map">Placing the Plasmodium falciparum epigenome on the map</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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data-has-card-for-ri="49066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigenomics">Epigenomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49066" type="text/json">{"id":49066,"name":"Epigenomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigenomics?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100038" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histone_Modification">Histone Modification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="100038" type="text/json">{"id":100038,"name":"Histone Modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histone_Modification?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="238813" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatin">Chromatin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="238813" 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Hoeijmakers","profile_url":"https://radboud.academia.edu/WietekeHoeijmakers?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":50492322,"first_name":"Richárd","last_name":"Bártfai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichárdBártfai","display_name":"Richárd Bártfai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Rich%C3%A1rdB%C3%A1rtfai?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":49066,"name":"Epigenomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigenomics?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":100038,"name":"Histone Modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histone_Modification?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":238813,"name":"Chromatin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatin?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":351312,"name":"Nucleosome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleosome?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1773838,"name":"Epigenome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epigenome?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61591240" data-work_id="61591240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61591240/Plasmodium_falciparum_Drug_Resistant_Haplotypes_and_Population_Structure_in_Postearthquake_Haiti_2010">Plasmodium falciparum Drug-Resistant Haplotypes and Population Structure in Postearthquake Haiti, 2010</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment of malaria in Haiti. Given the challenges of conducting in vivo drug efficacy trials in low-endemic settings like Haiti, molecular surveillance for drug resistance markers is a reasonable... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61591240" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment of malaria in Haiti. Given the challenges of conducting in vivo drug efficacy trials in low-endemic settings like Haiti, molecular surveillance for drug resistance markers is a reasonable approach for detecting resistant parasites. In this study, 349 blood spots were collected from suspected malaria cases in areas in and around Port-au-Prince from March to July 2010. Among them, 121 samples that were Plasmodium falciparum positive by polymerase chain reaction were genotyped for drug-resistant pfcrt, pfdhfr, pfdhps, and pfmdr1 alleles. Among the 108 samples that were successfully sequenced for CQ resistant markers in pfcrt, 107 were wild type (CVMNK), whereas one sample carried a CQ-resistant allele (CVIET). Neutral microsatellite genotyping revealed that the CQ-resistant isolate was distinct from all other samples in this study. Furthermore, the remaining parasite specimens appeared to be genetically distinct from other reported Cent...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61591240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4de36b6d84bba64ec027c702d36ac2d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74577590,"asset_id":61591240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74577590/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51418770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JBoncy">Jacques Boncy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51418770" type="text/json">{"id":51418770,"first_name":"Jacques","last_name":"Boncy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JBoncy","display_name":"Jacques Boncy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JBoncy?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51418770/88100736/76791372/s65_jacques.boncy.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61591240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61591240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61591240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61591240", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61591240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61591240").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61591240").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61591240"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4480" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics">Population Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4480" type="text/json">{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haiti">Haiti</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6726" type="text/json">{"id":6726,"name":"Haiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haiti?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70916" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquakes">Earthquakes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70916" type="text/json">{"id":70916,"name":"Earthquakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquakes?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation">Mutation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="74780" type="text/json">{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61591240]'), work: {"id":61591240,"title":"Plasmodium falciparum Drug-Resistant Haplotypes and Population Structure in Postearthquake Haiti, 2010","created_at":"2021-11-12T05:44:06.590-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61591240/Plasmodium_falciparum_Drug_Resistant_Haplotypes_and_Population_Structure_in_Postearthquake_Haiti_2010?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_61591240","summary":"Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment of malaria in Haiti. Given the challenges of conducting in vivo drug efficacy trials in low-endemic settings like Haiti, molecular surveillance for drug resistance markers is a reasonable approach for detecting resistant parasites. In this study, 349 blood spots were collected from suspected malaria cases in areas in and around Port-au-Prince from March to July 2010. Among them, 121 samples that were Plasmodium falciparum positive by polymerase chain reaction were genotyped for drug-resistant pfcrt, pfdhfr, pfdhps, and pfmdr1 alleles. Among the 108 samples that were successfully sequenced for CQ resistant markers in pfcrt, 107 were wild type (CVMNK), whereas one sample carried a CQ-resistant allele (CVIET). Neutral microsatellite genotyping revealed that the CQ-resistant isolate was distinct from all other samples in this study. Furthermore, the remaining parasite specimens appeared to be genetically distinct from other reported Cent...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74577590,"asset_id":61591240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51418770,"first_name":"Jacques","last_name":"Boncy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JBoncy","display_name":"Jacques Boncy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JBoncy?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51418770/88100736/76791372/s65_jacques.boncy.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":6726,"name":"Haiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haiti?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":70916,"name":"Earthquakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquakes?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=454230"},{"id":220742,"name":"Membrane transport proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_transport_proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":375087,"name":"Pyrimethamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrimethamine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":375088,"name":"Sulfadoxine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfadoxine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":744838,"name":"Protozoan Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protozoan_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":919274,"name":"Chloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chloroquine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2780137,"name":"alleles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/alleles?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3454956,"name":"Malaria Falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55449587" data-work_id="55449587" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55449587/The_effects_of_co_infection_with_human_parvovirus_B19_and_Plasmodium_falciparum_on_type_and_degree_of_anaemia_in_Ghanaian_children">The effects of co-infection with human parvovirus B19 and Plasmodium falciparum on type and degree of anaemia in Ghanaian children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To determin the extent to which parvovirus B19 (B19V) and co-infection of B19V and malaria contribute to risk of anaemia in children. Methods: B19V DNA and malaria parasites were screened for 234 children at the PML Children's Hospital in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55449587" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To determin the extent to which parvovirus B19 (B19V) and co-infection of B19V and malaria contribute to risk of anaemia in children. Methods: B19V DNA and malaria parasites were screened for 234 children at the PML Children's Hospital in Accra. The role of B19V and coinfection with B19V and malaria in anaemia was evaluated by analysing full blood cell counts, malaria and B19V DNA results from these children. Results: The prevalence of B19V, malaria and co-infection with B19V and malaria was 4.7%, 41.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Malaria posed a greater risk in the development of mild anaemia compared to severe anaemia (OR=5.28 vrs 3.15) whereas B19V posed a higher risk in the development of severe anaemia compared to mild anaemia (OR=4.07 vrs 1.00) from a non-anaemic child. Persons with co-infection with B19V and malaria had 2.23 times the risk (95% CI=0.40-12.54) of developing severe anaemia should they already have a mild anaemia. The degree of anaemia was about three times affected by coinfection (Pillai's trace=0.551, P=0.001) as was affected by malaria alone (Pillai's trace=0.185, P=0.001). B19V alone did not significantly affect the development of anaemia in a non-anaemic child. Microcytic anaemia was associated with B19V and co-infection with B19V and malaria more than normocytic normochromic anaemia. Conclusions: B19V was associated with malaria in cases of severe anaemia. The association posed a significant risk for exacerbation of anaemia in mild anaemic children. B19V and co-infection with B19V and malaria may be associated with microcytic anaemia rather than normocytic normochromic anaemia as seen in cases of B19V infection among persons with red cell abnormalities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55449587" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff6eb808419e59de57293e93303539b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71313625,"asset_id":55449587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71313625/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46170385" href="https://uhas.academia.edu/KwabenaDuedu">Kwabena Duedu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46170385" type="text/json">{"id":46170385,"first_name":"Kwabena","last_name":"Duedu","domain_name":"uhas","page_name":"KwabenaDuedu","display_name":"Kwabena Duedu","profile_url":"https://uhas.academia.edu/KwabenaDuedu?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46170385/13778435/14883601/s65_kwabena.duedu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55449587 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55449587"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55449587, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55449587", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55449587]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55449587").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55449587").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55449587"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana">Ghana</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9620" type="text/json">{"id":9620,"name":"Ghana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118339" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction">Polymerase Chain Reaction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="118339" type="text/json">{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55449587]'), work: {"id":55449587,"title":"The effects of co-infection with human parvovirus B19 and Plasmodium falciparum on type and degree of anaemia in Ghanaian children","created_at":"2021-10-04T08:07:22.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55449587/The_effects_of_co_infection_with_human_parvovirus_B19_and_Plasmodium_falciparum_on_type_and_degree_of_anaemia_in_Ghanaian_children?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_55449587","summary":"To determin the extent to which parvovirus B19 (B19V) and co-infection of B19V and malaria contribute to risk of anaemia in children. Methods: B19V DNA and malaria parasites were screened for 234 children at the PML Children's Hospital in Accra. The role of B19V and coinfection with B19V and malaria in anaemia was evaluated by analysing full blood cell counts, malaria and B19V DNA results from these children. Results: The prevalence of B19V, malaria and co-infection with B19V and malaria was 4.7%, 41.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Malaria posed a greater risk in the development of mild anaemia compared to severe anaemia (OR=5.28 vrs 3.15) whereas B19V posed a higher risk in the development of severe anaemia compared to mild anaemia (OR=4.07 vrs 1.00) from a non-anaemic child. Persons with co-infection with B19V and malaria had 2.23 times the risk (95% CI=0.40-12.54) of developing severe anaemia should they already have a mild anaemia. The degree of anaemia was about three times affected by coinfection (Pillai's trace=0.551, P=0.001) as was affected by malaria alone (Pillai's trace=0.185, P=0.001). B19V alone did not significantly affect the development of anaemia in a non-anaemic child. Microcytic anaemia was associated with B19V and co-infection with B19V and malaria more than normocytic normochromic anaemia. Conclusions: B19V was associated with malaria in cases of severe anaemia. The association posed a significant risk for exacerbation of anaemia in mild anaemic children. B19V and co-infection with B19V and malaria may be associated with microcytic anaemia rather than normocytic normochromic anaemia as seen in cases of B19V infection among persons with red cell abnormalities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71313625,"asset_id":55449587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46170385,"first_name":"Kwabena","last_name":"Duedu","domain_name":"uhas","page_name":"KwabenaDuedu","display_name":"Kwabena Duedu","profile_url":"https://uhas.academia.edu/KwabenaDuedu?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46170385/13778435/14883601/s65_kwabena.duedu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9620,"name":"Ghana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":131824,"name":"Coinfection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coinfection?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":136346,"name":"Anemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anemia?f_ri=454230"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology">Ethnopharmacology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14032" 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falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":732398,"name":"Plant Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Extract?f_ri=454230"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1795221,"name":"Cote D Ivoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cote_D_Ivoire?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3465673" data-work_id="3465673" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3465673/Coronamycins_peptide_antibiotics_produced_by_a_verticillate_Streptomyces_sp_MSU_2110_endophytic_on_Monstera_sp">Coronamycins, peptide antibiotics produced by a verticillate Streptomyces sp. (MSU-2110) endophytic on Monstera sp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Coronamycin is a complex of novel peptide antibiotics with activity against pythiaceous fungi and the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. It is also active against the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC 50 of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3465673" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Coronamycin is a complex of novel peptide antibiotics with activity against pythiaceous fungi and the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. It is also active against the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC 50 of 9?0 ng ml "1 . Coronamycin is produced by a verticillate Streptomyces sp. isolated as an endophyte from an epiphytic vine, Monstera sp., found in the Manu region of the upper Amazon of Peru. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the fermentation broths of this endophyte on silica gel and HPLC chromatography yielded two principal, inseparable, peptides with masses of 1217?9 and 1203?8 Da. Three other minor, but related components, are also present in the preparation. Amino acid analysis of coronamycin revealed residues of component 1, component 2, methionine, tyrosine and leucine at a ratio of 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 3. Other compounds with antifungal activities are also produced by this endophytic streptomycete.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3465673" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cec414b7b9f18721a811b7acae604f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31220012,"asset_id":3465673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31220012/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4054081" href="https://agri.academia.edu/DavidEzra">David Ezra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4054081" type="text/json">{"id":4054081,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ezra","domain_name":"agri","page_name":"DavidEzra","display_name":"David Ezra","profile_url":"https://agri.academia.edu/DavidEzra?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4054081/1551157/1881837/s65_david.ezra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3465673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3465673"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3465673, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3465673", }); 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(MSU-2110) endophytic on Monstera sp","created_at":"2013-05-05T00:08:42.764-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3465673/Coronamycins_peptide_antibiotics_produced_by_a_verticillate_Streptomyces_sp_MSU_2110_endophytic_on_Monstera_sp?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_3465673","summary":"Coronamycin is a complex of novel peptide antibiotics with activity against pythiaceous fungi and the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. It is also active against the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC 50 of 9?0 ng ml \"1 . Coronamycin is produced by a verticillate Streptomyces sp. isolated as an endophyte from an epiphytic vine, Monstera sp., found in the Manu region of the upper Amazon of Peru. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the fermentation broths of this endophyte on silica gel and HPLC chromatography yielded two principal, inseparable, peptides with masses of 1217?9 and 1203?8 Da. Three other minor, but related components, are also present in the preparation. Amino acid analysis of coronamycin revealed residues of component 1, component 2, methionine, tyrosine and leucine at a ratio of 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 3. Other compounds with antifungal activities are also produced by this endophytic streptomycete.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31220012,"asset_id":3465673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4054081,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ezra","domain_name":"agri","page_name":"DavidEzra","display_name":"David Ezra","profile_url":"https://agri.academia.edu/DavidEzra?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4054081/1551157/1881837/s65_david.ezra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":55172,"name":"Streptomyces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streptomyces?f_ri=454230"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=454230"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=454230"},{"id":151086,"name":"Peptides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptides?f_ri=454230"},{"id":153370,"name":"Araceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Araceae?f_ri=454230"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6026859" data-work_id="6026859" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6026859/MALARIA_MORBIDITY_IN_SINDH_AND_THE_PLASMODIUM_SPECIES_DISTRIBUTION">MALARIA MORBIDITY IN SINDH AND THE PLASMODIUM SPECIES DISTRIBUTION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: To determine the prevalence of Malarial parasites and species responsible in Sindh Province of Pakistan. Methodology: It is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in all Districts of Sindh during January 2002 to December... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6026859" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: To determine the prevalence of Malarial parasites and species responsible in Sindh Province of Pakistan. Methodology: It is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in all Districts of Sindh during January 2002 to December 2006. It was based on surveillance data of Malaria control program Sindh in which blood smears from febrile cases in all age group of male and female were seen by facility microscopist in all districts. Senior microscopist rechecked all positive slides. All slides data of different districts of Sindh was reported on monthly basis to provisional centre at Hyderabad for compiling and analysis. Results: During 2002-2006, out of 5.84 million slides, those with positive malarial parasites were approx. 0.16 million giving an average blood examination rate (BER) 4.46, slide positivity rate (SPR) 2.94, Falciparum ratio(FR) was 41%, annual parasite incidences (API) was 1.36. More cases were seen in post monsoon season. Conclusion: All basic indicators of Malaria disease are higher than optimum level. Estimated burden can be much higher, Roll Back Malaria goals are lagging far behind to reduce the disease burden. As such integrated approach of diagnosis, treatment and prevention is required.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6026859" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c674cf42ab5cc184a8e25f98fe17e6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32966479,"asset_id":6026859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32966479/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9034576" href="https://karachi.academia.edu/RaufMemon">Rauf Memon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9034576" type="text/json">{"id":9034576,"first_name":"Rauf","last_name":"Memon","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"RaufMemon","display_name":"Rauf Memon","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/RaufMemon?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6026859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6026859"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6026859, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6026859", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6026859]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6026859").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6026859").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6026859"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality">Seasonality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57433" type="text/json">{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="169636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Distribution">Species Distribution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="169636" type="text/json">{"id":169636,"name":"Species Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Distribution?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="285086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Approach">Integrated Approach</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="285086" type="text/json">{"id":285086,"name":"Integrated Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Approach?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="404000" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section">Cross Section</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="404000" type="text/json">{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6026859]'), work: {"id":6026859,"title":"MALARIA MORBIDITY IN SINDH AND THE PLASMODIUM SPECIES DISTRIBUTION","created_at":"2014-02-10T19:59:55.736-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6026859/MALARIA_MORBIDITY_IN_SINDH_AND_THE_PLASMODIUM_SPECIES_DISTRIBUTION?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_6026859","summary":"Objective: To determine the prevalence of Malarial parasites and species responsible in Sindh Province of Pakistan. Methodology: It is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in all Districts of Sindh during January 2002 to December 2006. It was based on surveillance data of Malaria control program Sindh in which blood smears from febrile cases in all age group of male and female were seen by facility microscopist in all districts. Senior microscopist rechecked all positive slides. All slides data of different districts of Sindh was reported on monthly basis to provisional centre at Hyderabad for compiling and analysis. Results: During 2002-2006, out of 5.84 million slides, those with positive malarial parasites were approx. 0.16 million giving an average blood examination rate (BER) 4.46, slide positivity rate (SPR) 2.94, Falciparum ratio(FR) was 41%, annual parasite incidences (API) was 1.36. More cases were seen in post monsoon season. Conclusion: All basic indicators of Malaria disease are higher than optimum level. Estimated burden can be much higher, Roll Back Malaria goals are lagging far behind to reduce the disease burden. As such integrated approach of diagnosis, treatment and prevention is required.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32966479,"asset_id":6026859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9034576,"first_name":"Rauf","last_name":"Memon","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"RaufMemon","display_name":"Rauf Memon","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/RaufMemon?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":169636,"name":"Species Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Distribution?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":285086,"name":"Integrated Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Approach?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1470936,"name":"Age Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Groups?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11614736" data-work_id="11614736" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11614736/Molecular_epidemiology_of_Plasmodium_vivax_and_Plasmodium_falciparum_malaria_among_Duffy_positive_and_Duffy_negative_populations_in_Ethiopia">Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria among Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations in Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine are anti-folate drugs that show synergistic anti-malarial effect. Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteorate synthatase (dhps) cause anti-folate drug resistance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11614736" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine are anti-folate drugs that show synergistic anti-malarial effect. Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteorate synthatase (dhps) cause anti-folate drug resistance phenotype in human malaria parasites. This study presents pattern of point mutations in dhfr/dhps genes among Indian sub-continent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11614736" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="174ba3f748a3d6a7ee020571cf1b5057" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46605787,"asset_id":11614736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46605787/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1068902" href="https://ju-et.academia.edu/TeshomeDegefa">Teshome Degefa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1068902" type="text/json">{"id":1068902,"first_name":"Teshome","last_name":"Degefa","domain_name":"ju-et","page_name":"TeshomeDegefa","display_name":"Teshome Degefa","profile_url":"https://ju-et.academia.edu/TeshomeDegefa?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11614736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11614736"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11614736, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11614736", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11614736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11614736").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11614736").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11614736"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4206" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography">Phylogeography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4206" type="text/json">{"id":4206,"name":"Phylogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11614736]'), work: {"id":11614736,"title":"Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria among Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations in Ethiopia","created_at":"2015-03-23T11:36:55.634-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11614736/Molecular_epidemiology_of_Plasmodium_vivax_and_Plasmodium_falciparum_malaria_among_Duffy_positive_and_Duffy_negative_populations_in_Ethiopia?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_11614736","summary":"Background: Sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine are anti-folate drugs that show synergistic anti-malarial effect. Point mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteorate synthatase (dhps) cause anti-folate drug resistance phenotype in human malaria parasites. This study presents pattern of point mutations in dhfr/dhps genes among Indian sub-continent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46605787,"asset_id":11614736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1068902,"first_name":"Teshome","last_name":"Degefa","domain_name":"ju-et","page_name":"TeshomeDegefa","display_name":"Teshome Degefa","profile_url":"https://ju-et.academia.edu/TeshomeDegefa?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4206,"name":"Phylogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":29082,"name":"Sequence Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_Analysis?f_ri=454230"},{"id":43665,"name":"Molecular Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Epidemiology?f_ri=454230"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=454230"},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=454230"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=454230"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=454230"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=454230"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=454230"},{"id":375087,"name":"Pyrimethamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrimethamine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":375088,"name":"Sulfadoxine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfadoxine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":744838,"name":"Protozoan Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protozoan_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":753505,"name":"Chi Square Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chi_Square_Test?f_ri=454230"},{"id":894908,"name":"Amino Acid Substitution Rates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Substitution_Rates?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1627985,"name":"Plasmodium Vivax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_Vivax?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1926245,"name":"Dihydrofolate Reductase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dihydrofolate_Reductase?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23215045" data-work_id="23215045" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23215045/A_biotin_derivative_blocks_parasite_induced_novel_permeation_pathways_in_Plasmodium_falciparum_infected_erythrocytes">A biotin derivative blocks parasite induced novel permeation pathways in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum infects human erythrocytes, and it induces an increased rate of uptake into the infected cell of a range of solutes, including essential nutrients required for parasite development. Several... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23215045" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum infects human erythrocytes, and it induces an increased rate of uptake into the infected cell of a range of solutes, including essential nutrients required for parasite development. Several models have been proposed for the mechanism(s) underlying parasite-induced solute uptake, each differing with respect to the site of entry into infected cells. We show that a biotin derivative that is excluded from non-infected erythrocytes gains access to infected erythrocytes via a pathway that is inhibited by compounds shown previously to block the pathways responsible for the increased uptake of solutes. The derivative was found to bind erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins and to hemoglobin, providing evidence that the novel pathways are in the erythrocyte membrane and allow direct access of solutes to the erythrocyte cytosol. The derivative inhibited its own uptake and blocked the parasite-induced transport of other solutes. In whole-cell patch-clamp analyses, biotinylation of infected erythrocytes caused significant decrease in a parasite-induced outward rectifying conductance. In vitro, biotinylation of trophozoite-stage parasitized erythrocytes delayed parasite development. Treatment of infected cells in the final developmental stage abrogated the parasite's ability to complete development. The data are consistent with the novel pathways playing an important role in parasite growth.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23215045" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64a0de0d7768536bd350495731259564" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43704837,"asset_id":23215045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43704837/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45057496" href="https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/StefanBaumeister">Stefan Baumeister</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45057496" type="text/json">{"id":45057496,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Baumeister","domain_name":"uni-marburg","page_name":"StefanBaumeister","display_name":"Stefan Baumeister","profile_url":"https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/StefanBaumeister?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23215045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23215045"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23215045, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23215045", }); 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Several models have been proposed for the mechanism(s) underlying parasite-induced solute uptake, each differing with respect to the site of entry into infected cells. We show that a biotin derivative that is excluded from non-infected erythrocytes gains access to infected erythrocytes via a pathway that is inhibited by compounds shown previously to block the pathways responsible for the increased uptake of solutes. The derivative was found to bind erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins and to hemoglobin, providing evidence that the novel pathways are in the erythrocyte membrane and allow direct access of solutes to the erythrocyte cytosol. The derivative inhibited its own uptake and blocked the parasite-induced transport of other solutes. In whole-cell patch-clamp analyses, biotinylation of infected erythrocytes caused significant decrease in a parasite-induced outward rectifying conductance. In vitro, biotinylation of trophozoite-stage parasitized erythrocytes delayed parasite development. Treatment of infected cells in the final developmental stage abrogated the parasite's ability to complete development. The data are consistent with the novel pathways playing an important role in parasite growth.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43704837,"asset_id":23215045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45057496,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Baumeister","domain_name":"uni-marburg","page_name":"StefanBaumeister","display_name":"Stefan Baumeister","profile_url":"https://uni-marburg.academia.edu/StefanBaumeister?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37793,"name":"Patch-clamp and imaging techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patch-clamp_and_imaging_techniques?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":50157,"name":"Molecular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":201209,"name":"Biotin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotin?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":323197,"name":"Mushroom Nutrient Requirement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mushroom_Nutrient_Requirement?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":912092,"name":"Erythrocyte Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocyte_Membrane?f_ri=454230"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1592440,"name":"Patch Clamp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patch_Clamp?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1893986,"name":"Whole cell Patch-Clamp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whole_cell_Patch-Clamp?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23200480" data-work_id="23200480" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23200480/Purine_less_Death_in_Plasmodium_falciparum_Induced_by_Immucillin_H_a_Transition_State_Analogue_of_Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase">Purine-less Death in Plasmodium falciparum Induced by Immucillin-H, a Transition State Analogue of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of life-threatening cases of malaria. Plasmodia species cannot synthesize purines de novo, whereas mammalian cells obtain purines from de novo synthesis or by purine salvage.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23200480" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of life-threatening cases of malaria. Plasmodia species cannot synthesize purines de novo, whereas mammalian cells obtain purines from de novo synthesis or by purine salvage. Hypoxanthine is proposed to be the major source of purines for P. falciparum growth. It is produced from inosine phosphorolysis by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Immucillins are powerful transition state analogue inhibitors of mammalian PNP and also inhibit P. falciparum PNP as illustrated in the accompanying article (Kicska, G. A., Tyler, P. C., Evans, G. B., Furneaux, R. H., Kim, K., and Schramm, V. L. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 3219 -3225). This work tests the hypothesis that erythrocyte and P. falciparum PNP are essential elements for growth and survival of the parasite in culture. Immucillin-H reduces the incorporation of inosine but not hypoxanthine into nucleic acids of P. falciparum and kills P. falciparum cultured in human erythrocytes with an IC 50 of 35 nM. Growth inhibition by Imm-H is reversed by the addition of hypoxanthine but not inosine, demonstrating the metabolic block at PNP. The concentration of Imm-H required for inhibition of parasite growth varies as a function of culture hematocrit, reflecting stoichiometric titration of human erythrocyte PNP by the inhibitor. Human and P. falciparum PNPs demonstrate different specificity for inhibition by immucillins, with the 2-deoxy analogues showing marked preference for the human enzyme. The IC 50 values for immucillin analogue toxicity to P. falciparum cultures indicate that inhibition of PNP in both the erythrocytes and the parasite is necessary to induce a purine-less death.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23200480" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c28aaadc149e7fdb70e0575129d3b8a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43689281,"asset_id":23200480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43689281/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44809705" href="https://victoria.academia.edu/GaryEvans">Gary Evans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44809705" type="text/json">{"id":44809705,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Evans","domain_name":"victoria","page_name":"GaryEvans","display_name":"Gary Evans","profile_url":"https://victoria.academia.edu/GaryEvans?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23200480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23200480"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23200480, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23200480", }); 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Plasmodia species cannot synthesize purines de novo, whereas mammalian cells obtain purines from de novo synthesis or by purine salvage. Hypoxanthine is proposed to be the major source of purines for P. falciparum growth. It is produced from inosine phosphorolysis by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Immucillins are powerful transition state analogue inhibitors of mammalian PNP and also inhibit P. falciparum PNP as illustrated in the accompanying article (Kicska, G. A., Tyler, P. C., Evans, G. B., Furneaux, R. H., Kim, K., and Schramm, V. L. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 3219 -3225). This work tests the hypothesis that erythrocyte and P. falciparum PNP are essential elements for growth and survival of the parasite in culture. Immucillin-H reduces the incorporation of inosine but not hypoxanthine into nucleic acids of P. falciparum and kills P. falciparum cultured in human erythrocytes with an IC 50 of 35 nM. Growth inhibition by Imm-H is reversed by the addition of hypoxanthine but not inosine, demonstrating the metabolic block at PNP. The concentration of Imm-H required for inhibition of parasite growth varies as a function of culture hematocrit, reflecting stoichiometric titration of human erythrocyte PNP by the inhibitor. Human and P. falciparum PNPs demonstrate different specificity for inhibition by immucillins, with the 2-deoxy analogues showing marked preference for the human enzyme. The IC 50 values for immucillin analogue toxicity to P. falciparum cultures indicate that inhibition of PNP in both the erythrocytes and the parasite is necessary to induce a purine-less death.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43689281,"asset_id":23200480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44809705,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Evans","domain_name":"victoria","page_name":"GaryEvans","display_name":"Gary Evans","profile_url":"https://victoria.academia.edu/GaryEvans?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":18520,"name":"Biological Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Chemistry?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":112576,"name":"Cell Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Death?f_ri=454230"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=454230"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=454230"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2260947,"name":"Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Purine_Nucleoside_Phosphorylase?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18412187" data-work_id="18412187" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18412187/In_vitro_interactions_of_Aspilia_africana_Pers_C_D_Adams_a_traditional_antimalarial_medicinal_plant_with_artemisinin_against_Plasmodium_falciparum">In vitro interactions of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams, a traditional antimalarial medicinal plant, with artemisinin against Plasmodium falciparum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18412187" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f1f14425abbc6100db32a659ea9e029" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40050184,"asset_id":18412187,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40050184/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38421189" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterFolb">Peter Folb</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38421189" type="text/json">{"id":38421189,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Folb","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterFolb","display_name":"Peter Folb","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterFolb?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18412187 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18412187"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18412187, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18412187", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18412187 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18412187; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18412187"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18412187 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18412187"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18412187; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18412187]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18412187").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18412187").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18412187"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11558" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions">Drug interactions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11558" type="text/json">{"id":11558,"name":"Drug interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18412187]'), work: {"id":18412187,"title":"In vitro interactions of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams, a traditional antimalarial medicinal plant, with artemisinin against Plasmodium falciparum","created_at":"2015-11-15T22:44:36.787-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18412187/In_vitro_interactions_of_Aspilia_africana_Pers_C_D_Adams_a_traditional_antimalarial_medicinal_plant_with_artemisinin_against_Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_18412187","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40050184,"asset_id":18412187,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38421189,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Folb","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterFolb","display_name":"Peter Folb","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterFolb?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":11558,"name":"Drug interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_interactions?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=454230"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=454230"},{"id":194060,"name":"Asteraceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asteraceae?f_ri=454230"},{"id":239046,"name":"Sesquiterpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sesquiterpenes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80153336" data-work_id="80153336" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80153336/Frequency_and_correlates_of_malaria_over_treatment_in_areas_of_differing_malaria_transmission_a_cross_sectional_study_in_rural_Western_Kenya">Frequency and correlates of malaria over-treatment in areas of differing malaria transmission: a cross-sectional study in rural Western Kenya</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: In 2010, the World Health Organization shifted its malaria guidelines from recommending the empiric treatment of all febrile children to treating only those with laboratory-confirmed malaria. This study evaluated the frequency... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80153336" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: In 2010, the World Health Organization shifted its malaria guidelines from recommending the empiric treatment of all febrile children to treating only those with laboratory-confirmed malaria. This study evaluated the frequency and predictors of malaria over-treatment among febrile malaria-negative children in Kenya. Methods: Between 2012 and 2013, 1,362 children presenting consecutively with temperature ≥37.5°C to Kisii and Homa Bay hospitals were enrolled in a cross-sectional study evaluating causes of fever. Children were screened for malaria using smear microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests and managed according to standard of care at the hospitals. The frequency of anti-malarial prescriptions among children with laboratory-confirmed malaria negative children (malaria over-treatment) was determined; and clinical and demographic correlates of overtreatment evaluated using logistic regression. Because of differences in malaria endemicity, analyses were stratified and compared by site. Results: Among 1,362 children enrolled, 46 (7%) of 685 children in Kisii, and 310 (45.8%) of 677 in Homa Bay had laboratory-confirmed malaria; p < 0.001. Among malaria-negative children; 210 (57.2%) in Homa Bay and 45 (7.0%) in Kisii received anti-malarials; p < 0.001. Predictors of over-treatment in Homa Bay included ≥ one integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) danger sign (aOR = 8.47; 95% CI: 4.81-14.89), fever lasting ≥ seven days (aOR = 4.94; 95% CI: 1.90-12.86), and fever ≥39°C (aOR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.58-5.96). In Kisii, only fever ≥39°C predicted over-treatment (aOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.02-4.45). Conclusions: Malaria over-treatment was common, particularly in Homa Bay, where the prevalence of malaria was extremely high. Severe illness and high or prolonged fever were associated with overtreatment. Overtreatment may result in failure to treat other serious causes of fever, drug resistance, and unnecessarily treatment costs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80153336" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f3036ba6fa9cecc5b7b2dca2ffe813c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86630472,"asset_id":80153336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86630472/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31354575" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BensonSinga">Benson Singa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31354575" type="text/json">{"id":31354575,"first_name":"Benson","last_name":"Singa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BensonSinga","display_name":"Benson Singa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BensonSinga?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80153336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80153336"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80153336, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80153336", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80153336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80153336; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80153336"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80153336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80153336"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80153336; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80153336]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80153336").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80153336").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80153336"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya">Kenya</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18892" type="text/json">{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80153336]'), work: {"id":80153336,"title":"Frequency and correlates of malaria over-treatment in areas of differing malaria transmission: a cross-sectional study in rural Western Kenya","created_at":"2022-05-28T21:19:11.287-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80153336/Frequency_and_correlates_of_malaria_over_treatment_in_areas_of_differing_malaria_transmission_a_cross_sectional_study_in_rural_Western_Kenya?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_80153336","summary":"Background: In 2010, the World Health Organization shifted its malaria guidelines from recommending the empiric treatment of all febrile children to treating only those with laboratory-confirmed malaria. This study evaluated the frequency and predictors of malaria over-treatment among febrile malaria-negative children in Kenya. Methods: Between 2012 and 2013, 1,362 children presenting consecutively with temperature ≥37.5°C to Kisii and Homa Bay hospitals were enrolled in a cross-sectional study evaluating causes of fever. Children were screened for malaria using smear microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests and managed according to standard of care at the hospitals. The frequency of anti-malarial prescriptions among children with laboratory-confirmed malaria negative children (malaria over-treatment) was determined; and clinical and demographic correlates of overtreatment evaluated using logistic regression. Because of differences in malaria endemicity, analyses were stratified and compared by site. Results: Among 1,362 children enrolled, 46 (7%) of 685 children in Kisii, and 310 (45.8%) of 677 in Homa Bay had laboratory-confirmed malaria; p \u003c 0.001. Among malaria-negative children; 210 (57.2%) in Homa Bay and 45 (7.0%) in Kisii received anti-malarials; p \u003c 0.001. Predictors of over-treatment in Homa Bay included ≥ one integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) danger sign (aOR = 8.47; 95% CI: 4.81-14.89), fever lasting ≥ seven days (aOR = 4.94; 95% CI: 1.90-12.86), and fever ≥39°C (aOR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.58-5.96). In Kisii, only fever ≥39°C predicted over-treatment (aOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.02-4.45). Conclusions: Malaria over-treatment was common, particularly in Homa Bay, where the prevalence of malaria was extremely high. Severe illness and high or prolonged fever were associated with overtreatment. Overtreatment may result in failure to treat other serious causes of fever, drug resistance, and unnecessarily treatment costs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86630472,"asset_id":80153336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31354575,"first_name":"Benson","last_name":"Singa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BensonSinga","display_name":"Benson Singa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BensonSinga?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":387144,"name":"Fever","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fever?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62652467" data-work_id="62652467" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62652467/Safety_and_efficacy_of_the_choline_analogue_SAR97276_for_malaria_treatment_results_of_two_phase_2_open_label_multicenter_trials_in_African_patients">Safety and efficacy of the choline analogue SAR97276 for malaria treatment: results of two phase 2, open-label, multicenter trials in African patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases. Treatment options for severe malaria are limited and the choline analogue SAR97276A is a novel chemical entity that was developed primarily as treatment for severe malaria.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62652467" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases. Treatment options for severe malaria are limited and the choline analogue SAR97276A is a novel chemical entity that was developed primarily as treatment for severe malaria. Before starting clinical investigations in severely ill malaria patients, safety and efficacy of SAR97276A was studied in patients with uncomplicated malaria. Here, we summarize two open-label, multi-center phase 2 trials assessing safety and efficacy of parenterally administered SAR97276A in African adults and children with falciparum malaria. Study 1 was conducted in Burkina Faso, Gabon, Benin and Tanzania between August 2008 and July 2009 in malaria patients in an age de-escalating design (adults, children). A total of 113 malaria patients received SAR97276A. Adults were randomized to receive a single dose SAR97296A given either intramuscularly (IM) (0.18 mg/kg) or intravenously (IV) (0.14 mg/kg). If a single dose was not efficacious a second adult...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62652467" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db3a31a1d0fb0491df92310ac82e579e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75343255,"asset_id":62652467,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75343255/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57516680" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarielleBouyouakotet">Marielle Bouyou-akotet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57516680" type="text/json">{"id":57516680,"first_name":"Marielle","last_name":"Bouyou-akotet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarielleBouyouakotet","display_name":"Marielle Bouyou-akotet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarielleBouyouakotet?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62652467 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62652467"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62652467, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62652467", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62652467]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62652467").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62652467").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62652467"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62652467]'), work: {"id":62652467,"title":"Safety and efficacy of the choline analogue SAR97276 for malaria treatment: results of two phase 2, open-label, multicenter trials in African patients","created_at":"2021-11-28T14:13:35.687-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62652467/Safety_and_efficacy_of_the_choline_analogue_SAR97276_for_malaria_treatment_results_of_two_phase_2_open_label_multicenter_trials_in_African_patients?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_62652467","summary":"Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases. Treatment options for severe malaria are limited and the choline analogue SAR97276A is a novel chemical entity that was developed primarily as treatment for severe malaria. Before starting clinical investigations in severely ill malaria patients, safety and efficacy of SAR97276A was studied in patients with uncomplicated malaria. Here, we summarize two open-label, multi-center phase 2 trials assessing safety and efficacy of parenterally administered SAR97276A in African adults and children with falciparum malaria. Study 1 was conducted in Burkina Faso, Gabon, Benin and Tanzania between August 2008 and July 2009 in malaria patients in an age de-escalating design (adults, children). A total of 113 malaria patients received SAR97276A. Adults were randomized to receive a single dose SAR97296A given either intramuscularly (IM) (0.18 mg/kg) or intravenously (IV) (0.14 mg/kg). If a single dose was not efficacious a second adult...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75343255,"asset_id":62652467,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57516680,"first_name":"Marielle","last_name":"Bouyou-akotet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarielleBouyouakotet","display_name":"Marielle Bouyou-akotet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarielleBouyouakotet?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":806503,"name":"Thiazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thiazoles?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3454956,"name":"Malaria Falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Falciparum?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66847949" data-work_id="66847949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66847949/Controlled_human_malaria_infection_by_intramuscular_and_direct_venous_inoculation_of_cryopreserved_Plasmodium_falciparum_sporozoites_in_malaria_na%C3%AFve_volunteers_effect_of_injection_volume_and_dose_on_infectivity_rates">Controlled human malaria infection by intramuscular and direct venous inoculation of cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in malaria-naïve volunteers: effect of injection volume and dose on infectivity rates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) by mosquito bite is a powerful tool for evaluation of vaccines and drugs against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, only a small number of research centres have the facilities... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66847949" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) by mosquito bite is a powerful tool for evaluation of vaccines and drugs against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, only a small number of research centres have the facilities required to perform such studies. CHMI by needle and syringe could help to accelerate the development of anti-malaria interventions by enabling centres worldwide to employ CHMI. Methods: An open-label CHMI study was performed with aseptic, purified, cryopreserved P. falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) in 36 malaria naïve volunteers. In part A, the effect of the inoculation volume was assessed: 18 participants were injected intramuscularly (IM) with a dose of 2,500 PfSPZ divided into two injections of 10 µL (n = 6), 50 µL (n = 6) or 250 µL (n = 6), respectively. In part B, the injection volume that resulted in highest infectivity rates in part A (10 µL) was used to formulate IM doses of 25,000 PfSPZ (n = 6) and 75,000 PfSPZ (n = 6) divided into two 10-µL injections. Results from a parallel trial led to the decision to add a positive control group (n = 6), each volunteer receiving 3,200 PfSPZ in a single 500-µL injection by direct venous inoculation (DVI). Results: Four/six participants in the 10-µL group, 1/6 in the 50-µL group and 2/6 in the 250-µL group developed parasitaemia. Geometric mean (GM) pre-patent periods were 13.9, 14.0 and 15.0 days, respectively. Six/six (100%) participants developed parasitaemia in the 25,000 and 75,000 PfSPZ IM and 3,200 PfSPZ DVI groups. GM pre-patent periods were 12.2, 11.4 and 11.4 days, respectively. Injection of PfSPZ Challenge was well tolerated and safe in all groups. Conclusions: IM injection of 75,000 PfSPZ and DVI injection of 3,200 PfSPZ resulted in infection rates and pre-patent periods comparable to the bite of five PfSPZ-infected mosquitoes. Remarkably, it required 23.4-fold more PfSPZ</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66847949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95c659906cbe84d8ddeafe1ab86f8081" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77885021,"asset_id":66847949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77885021/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6185431" href="https://ub.academia.edu/MartaAldea">Marta Aldea</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6185431" type="text/json">{"id":6185431,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Aldea","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"MartaAldea","display_name":"Marta Aldea","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/MartaAldea?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6185431/10869309/12130223/s65_marta.aldea.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66847949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66847949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66847949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66847949", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66847949]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66847949").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66847949").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66847949"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66847949]'), work: {"id":66847949,"title":"Controlled human malaria infection by intramuscular and direct venous inoculation of cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in malaria-naïve volunteers: effect of injection volume and dose on infectivity rates","created_at":"2022-01-02T04:08:19.633-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66847949/Controlled_human_malaria_infection_by_intramuscular_and_direct_venous_inoculation_of_cryopreserved_Plasmodium_falciparum_sporozoites_in_malaria_na%C3%AFve_volunteers_effect_of_injection_volume_and_dose_on_infectivity_rates?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_66847949","summary":"Background: Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) by mosquito bite is a powerful tool for evaluation of vaccines and drugs against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, only a small number of research centres have the facilities required to perform such studies. CHMI by needle and syringe could help to accelerate the development of anti-malaria interventions by enabling centres worldwide to employ CHMI. Methods: An open-label CHMI study was performed with aseptic, purified, cryopreserved P. falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) in 36 malaria naïve volunteers. In part A, the effect of the inoculation volume was assessed: 18 participants were injected intramuscularly (IM) with a dose of 2,500 PfSPZ divided into two injections of 10 µL (n = 6), 50 µL (n = 6) or 250 µL (n = 6), respectively. In part B, the injection volume that resulted in highest infectivity rates in part A (10 µL) was used to formulate IM doses of 25,000 PfSPZ (n = 6) and 75,000 PfSPZ (n = 6) divided into two 10-µL injections. Results from a parallel trial led to the decision to add a positive control group (n = 6), each volunteer receiving 3,200 PfSPZ in a single 500-µL injection by direct venous inoculation (DVI). Results: Four/six participants in the 10-µL group, 1/6 in the 50-µL group and 2/6 in the 250-µL group developed parasitaemia. Geometric mean (GM) pre-patent periods were 13.9, 14.0 and 15.0 days, respectively. Six/six (100%) participants developed parasitaemia in the 25,000 and 75,000 PfSPZ IM and 3,200 PfSPZ DVI groups. GM pre-patent periods were 12.2, 11.4 and 11.4 days, respectively. Injection of PfSPZ Challenge was well tolerated and safe in all groups. Conclusions: IM injection of 75,000 PfSPZ and DVI injection of 3,200 PfSPZ resulted in infection rates and pre-patent periods comparable to the bite of five PfSPZ-infected mosquitoes. Remarkably, it required 23.4-fold more PfSPZ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77885021,"asset_id":66847949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6185431,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Aldea","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"MartaAldea","display_name":"Marta Aldea","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/MartaAldea?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6185431/10869309/12130223/s65_marta.aldea.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=454230"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":480471,"name":"Volunteers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volunteers?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3454956,"name":"Malaria Falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Falciparum?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61154211" data-work_id="61154211" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61154211/Synthetic_TLR4_agonists_enhance_functional_antibodies_and_CD4_T_cell_responses_against_the_Plasmodium_falciparum_GMZ2_6C_multi_stage_vaccine_antigen">Synthetic TLR4 agonists enhance functional antibodies and CD4+ T-cell responses against the Plasmodium falciparum GMZ2.6C multi-stage vaccine antigen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A subunit vaccine targeting both transmission and pathogenic asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum, i.e., a multi-stage vaccine, could be a powerful tool to combat malaria. Here, we report production and characterization of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61154211" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A subunit vaccine targeting both transmission and pathogenic asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum, i.e., a multi-stage vaccine, could be a powerful tool to combat malaria. Here, we report production and characterization of the recombinant protein GMZ2.6C, which contains a fragment of the sexual-stage protein Pfs48/45-6C genetically fused to GMZ2, an asexual vaccine antigen in advanced clinical development. To select the most suitable vaccine formulation for downstream clinical studies, GMZ2.6C was tested with various immune modulators in different adjuvant formulations (stable emulsions, liposomes, and alum) in C57BL/6 mice. Some, but not all, formulations containing either the synthetic TLR4 agonist GLA or SLA elicited the highest parasite-specific antibody titers, the greatest IFN-γ responses in CD4+ TH1 cells, and the highest percentage of multifunctional CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ and TNF in response to GMZ2.6C. Both of these agonists have good safety records in humans.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61154211" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82219495658f5dd70d7d76d9354902d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74290948,"asset_id":61154211,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74290948/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="154064315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusheelKSingh">Susheel K Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="154064315" type="text/json">{"id":154064315,"first_name":"Susheel K","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusheelKSingh","display_name":"Susheel K Singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusheelKSingh?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154064315/85017129/73658861/s65_susheel_k.singh.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61154211 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61154211"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61154211, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61154211", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61154211]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61154211").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61154211").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61154211"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toll_like_receptor_signaling">Toll like receptor signaling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47265" type="text/json">{"id":47265,"name":"Toll like receptor signaling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toll_like_receptor_signaling?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="150847" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccine">Vaccine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="150847" type="text/json">{"id":150847,"name":"Vaccine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="454230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum">Plasmodium falciparum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="454230" type="text/json">{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61154211]'), work: {"id":61154211,"title":"Synthetic TLR4 agonists enhance functional antibodies and CD4+ T-cell responses against the Plasmodium falciparum GMZ2.6C multi-stage vaccine antigen","created_at":"2021-11-06T22:25:35.145-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61154211/Synthetic_TLR4_agonists_enhance_functional_antibodies_and_CD4_T_cell_responses_against_the_Plasmodium_falciparum_GMZ2_6C_multi_stage_vaccine_antigen?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_61154211","summary":"A subunit vaccine targeting both transmission and pathogenic asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum, i.e., a multi-stage vaccine, could be a powerful tool to combat malaria. Here, we report production and characterization of the recombinant protein GMZ2.6C, which contains a fragment of the sexual-stage protein Pfs48/45-6C genetically fused to GMZ2, an asexual vaccine antigen in advanced clinical development. To select the most suitable vaccine formulation for downstream clinical studies, GMZ2.6C was tested with various immune modulators in different adjuvant formulations (stable emulsions, liposomes, and alum) in C57BL/6 mice. Some, but not all, formulations containing either the synthetic TLR4 agonist GLA or SLA elicited the highest parasite-specific antibody titers, the greatest IFN-γ responses in CD4+ TH1 cells, and the highest percentage of multifunctional CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ and TNF in response to GMZ2.6C. Both of these agonists have good safety records in humans.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74290948,"asset_id":61154211,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":154064315,"first_name":"Susheel K","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusheelKSingh","display_name":"Susheel K Singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusheelKSingh?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/154064315/85017129/73658861/s65_susheel_k.singh.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47265,"name":"Toll like receptor signaling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toll_like_receptor_signaling?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":150847,"name":"Vaccine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":744838,"name":"Protozoan Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protozoan_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1895642,"name":"Malaria Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Vaccines?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2058663,"name":"Interferon gamma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferon_gamma?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3454956,"name":"Malaria Falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50296232" data-work_id="50296232" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50296232/Anti_plasmodial_sesquiterpenoids_from_the_African_Reneilmia_cincinnata">Anti-plasmodial sesquiterpenoids from the African Reneilmia cincinnata</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A new isodaucane sesquiterpenoid, 6,7,10-trihydoxyisodaucane, was isolated from the fruits of Reneilmia cincinnata, together with the known sesquiterpenoids oplodiol, oplopanone, 5E,10(14)-germacradien-1b,4b-diol,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50296232" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A new isodaucane sesquiterpenoid, 6,7,10-trihydoxyisodaucane, was isolated from the fruits of Reneilmia cincinnata, together with the known sesquiterpenoids oplodiol, oplopanone, 5E,10(14)-germacradien-1b,4b-diol, 1(10)E,5E-germacradien-4a-ol and eudesman-1,4,7-triol. A large amount of 5-hydroxy-3,7,4 '-trimethoxy¯avone was also isolated. Their structures were established by NMR techniques using 1D and 2D experiments. Three of the known sesquirernenoids exhibited noteworthy anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50296232" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76a1987a4c877c15bd724c5301d3dfea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68335743,"asset_id":50296232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68335743/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37529669" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMbah">James Mbah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37529669" type="text/json">{"id":37529669,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Mbah","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesMbah","display_name":"James Mbah","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMbah?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50296232 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50296232"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50296232, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50296232", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50296232 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50296232; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50296232"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50296232 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50296232"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50296232; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50296232]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50296232").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50296232").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50296232"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3057" type="text/json">{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13363" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13363" type="text/json">{"id":13363,"name":"Zingiberales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zingiberales?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="160814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit">Fruit</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="160814" type="text/json">{"id":160814,"name":"Fruit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50296232]'), work: {"id":50296232,"title":"Anti-plasmodial sesquiterpenoids from the African Reneilmia cincinnata","created_at":"2021-07-27T05:10:20.608-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50296232/Anti_plasmodial_sesquiterpenoids_from_the_African_Reneilmia_cincinnata?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_50296232","summary":"A new isodaucane sesquiterpenoid, 6,7,10-trihydoxyisodaucane, was isolated from the fruits of Reneilmia cincinnata, together with the known sesquiterpenoids oplodiol, oplopanone, 5E,10(14)-germacradien-1b,4b-diol, 1(10)E,5E-germacradien-4a-ol and eudesman-1,4,7-triol. A large amount of 5-hydroxy-3,7,4 '-trimethoxy¯avone was also isolated. Their structures were established by NMR techniques using 1D and 2D experiments. Three of the known sesquirernenoids exhibited noteworthy anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68335743,"asset_id":50296232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37529669,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Mbah","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesMbah","display_name":"James Mbah","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMbah?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":13363,"name":"Zingiberales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zingiberales?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":160814,"name":"Fruit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fruit?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":239046,"name":"Sesquiterpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sesquiterpenes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=454230"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49013234" data-work_id="49013234" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49013234/The_pathogenesis_of_Plasmodium_falciparum_malaria_in_humans_insights_from_splenic_physiology">The pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in humans: insights from splenic physiology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Clinical manifestations of Plasmodium falciparum infection are induced by the asexual stages of the parasite that develop inside red blood cells (RBCs). Because splenic microcirculatory beds filter out altered RBCs, the spleen can... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49013234" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Clinical manifestations of Plasmodium falciparum infection are induced by the asexual stages of the parasite that develop inside red blood cells (RBCs). Because splenic microcirculatory beds filter out altered RBCs, the spleen can innately clear subpopulations of infected or uninfected RBC modified during falciparum malaria. The spleen appears more protective against severe manifestations of malaria in naïve than in immune subjects. The spleen-specific pitting function accounts for a large fraction of parasite clearance in artemisinin-treated patients. RBC loss contributes to malarial anemia, a clinical form associated with subacute progression, frequent splenomegaly, and relatively low parasitemia. Stringent splenic clearance of ring-infected RBCs and uninfected, but parasite-altered, RBCs, may altogether exacerbate anemia and reduce the risks of severe complications associated with high parasite loads, such as cerebral malaria. The age of the patient directly influences the risk o...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49013234" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18803b64e031abd300f8326732c91adf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67400876,"asset_id":49013234,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67400876/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42081150" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VPrendki">V. Prendki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42081150" type="text/json">{"id":42081150,"first_name":"V.","last_name":"Prendki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VPrendki","display_name":"V. 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Because splenic microcirculatory beds filter out altered RBCs, the spleen can innately clear subpopulations of infected or uninfected RBC modified during falciparum malaria. The spleen appears more protective against severe manifestations of malaria in naïve than in immune subjects. The spleen-specific pitting function accounts for a large fraction of parasite clearance in artemisinin-treated patients. RBC loss contributes to malarial anemia, a clinical form associated with subacute progression, frequent splenomegaly, and relatively low parasitemia. Stringent splenic clearance of ring-infected RBCs and uninfected, but parasite-altered, RBCs, may altogether exacerbate anemia and reduce the risks of severe complications associated with high parasite loads, such as cerebral malaria. The age of the patient directly influences the risk o...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67400876,"asset_id":49013234,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42081150,"first_name":"V.","last_name":"Prendki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VPrendki","display_name":"V. Prendki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VPrendki?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":619,"name":"Hematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hematology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":49018,"name":"Spleen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spleen?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":100732,"name":"Blood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1022415,"name":"Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rate?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3454956,"name":"Malaria Falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31700308" data-work_id="31700308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31700308/Impact_assessment_of_the_use_of_insecticide_treated_bed_nets_on_parasitaemia_and_anaemia_for_malaria_control_in_children_Ogun_State_Nigeria">Impact assessment of the use of insecticide-treated bed nets on parasitaemia and anaemia for malaria control in children, Ogun State, Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31700308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31700308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31700308"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31700308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31700308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31700308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31700308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31700308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31700308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31700308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21318" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21318" type="text/json">{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides">Insecticides</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52972" type="text/json">{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31700308]'), work: {"id":31700308,"title":"Impact assessment of the use of insecticide-treated bed nets on parasitaemia and anaemia for malaria control in children, Ogun State, Nigeria","created_at":"2017-03-03T13:17:08.463-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31700308/Impact_assessment_of_the_use_of_insecticide_treated_bed_nets_on_parasitaemia_and_anaemia_for_malaria_control_in_children_Ogun_State_Nigeria?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_31700308","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52015583,"asset_id":31700308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60956143,"first_name":"Sammy","last_name":"Sam-wobo","domain_name":"visionhydro","page_name":"SammySamwobo","display_name":"Sammy Sam-wobo","profile_url":"https://visionhydro.academia.edu/SammySamwobo?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60956143/15860221/16385663/s65_sammy.sam-wobo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":52972,"name":"Insecticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insecticides?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":76040,"name":"Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_Assessment?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":136346,"name":"Anemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anemia?f_ri=454230"},{"id":246448,"name":"Mosquito Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosquito_Control?f_ri=454230"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":649451,"name":"Seasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasons?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30906558" data-work_id="30906558" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30906558/Structural_delineation_of_histone_post_translation_modifications_in_histone_nucleosome_assembly_protein_complex">Structural delineation of histone post-translation modifications in histone-nucleosome assembly protein complex</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nucleosome assembly proteins (Nap) are histone chaperones with vital roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly. Decoding of histone post-translational modifications by histone chaperones is central in regulation of gene expression. We... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30906558" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nucleosome assembly proteins (Nap) are histone chaperones with vital roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly. Decoding of histone post-translational modifications by histone chaperones is central in regulation of gene expression. We probed binding interfaces in Nap-histone complexes using histone peptide interaction arrays and chemical shift perturbation techniques. Phosphorylation at H3T32 and H3T118 enhanced Nap-peptide interactions while post-translational modifications like H3K122, H4K59 and H2AK36 diminished it. Nap recognition regions in histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 lie in core regions of the histone octamer, and form a surface exposed contiguous patch. Nap binding sites on H2A-H2B and H3-H4 fall on opposite surfaces of histone octamer, and the latter can therefore accommodate two dimeric Nap molecules simultaneously. Interfacial residues between Nap and histone octamer overlap with route of wrapped DNA on histone octamer, implying non-concurrent residency on the octamer by either Nap or DNA. Using NMR, we mapped Nap residues that undergo chemical shift perturbations in presence of histone peptides. Taken together, we provide an architectural model of a Nap-octamer complex which likely forms during chromatin reorganisation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30906558" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23a70a2d29cffd3ed571c029ac611806" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51331583,"asset_id":30906558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51331583/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32951873" href="https://icgeb.academia.edu/ManickamYogavel">Manickam Yogavel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32951873" type="text/json">{"id":32951873,"first_name":"Manickam","last_name":"Yogavel","domain_name":"icgeb","page_name":"ManickamYogavel","display_name":"Manickam Yogavel","profile_url":"https://icgeb.academia.edu/ManickamYogavel?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32951873/15379878/16018582/s65_manickam.yogavel.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30906558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30906558"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30906558, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30906558", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30906558]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30906558").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30906558").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30906558"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Biology">Structural Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2541" type="text/json">{"id":2541,"name":"Structural Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NMR_Spectroscopy">NMR Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12134" type="text/json">{"id":12134,"name":"NMR Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NMR_Spectroscopy?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="211309" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleosomes">Nucleosomes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="211309" type="text/json">{"id":211309,"name":"Nucleosomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleosomes?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="317185" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histones">Histones</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="317185" type="text/json">{"id":317185,"name":"Histones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histones?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30906558]'), work: {"id":30906558,"title":"Structural delineation of histone post-translation modifications in histone-nucleosome assembly protein complex","created_at":"2017-01-13T01:28:31.940-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30906558/Structural_delineation_of_histone_post_translation_modifications_in_histone_nucleosome_assembly_protein_complex?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_30906558","summary":"Nucleosome assembly proteins (Nap) are histone chaperones with vital roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly. Decoding of histone post-translational modifications by histone chaperones is central in regulation of gene expression. We probed binding interfaces in Nap-histone complexes using histone peptide interaction arrays and chemical shift perturbation techniques. Phosphorylation at H3T32 and H3T118 enhanced Nap-peptide interactions while post-translational modifications like H3K122, H4K59 and H2AK36 diminished it. Nap recognition regions in histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 lie in core regions of the histone octamer, and form a surface exposed contiguous patch. Nap binding sites on H2A-H2B and H3-H4 fall on opposite surfaces of histone octamer, and the latter can therefore accommodate two dimeric Nap molecules simultaneously. Interfacial residues between Nap and histone octamer overlap with route of wrapped DNA on histone octamer, implying non-concurrent residency on the octamer by either Nap or DNA. Using NMR, we mapped Nap residues that undergo chemical shift perturbations in presence of histone peptides. Taken together, we provide an architectural model of a Nap-octamer complex which likely forms during chromatin reorganisation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51331583,"asset_id":30906558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32951873,"first_name":"Manickam","last_name":"Yogavel","domain_name":"icgeb","page_name":"ManickamYogavel","display_name":"Manickam Yogavel","profile_url":"https://icgeb.academia.edu/ManickamYogavel?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32951873/15379878/16018582/s65_manickam.yogavel.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2541,"name":"Structural Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":12134,"name":"NMR Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NMR_Spectroscopy?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":211309,"name":"Nucleosomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleosomes?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":317185,"name":"Histones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histones?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":744838,"name":"Protozoan Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protozoan_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":956752,"name":"Protein Quaternary Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Quaternary_Structure?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1362652,"name":"Nucleic Acid Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_Acid_Conformation?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1865427,"name":"Titrimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Titrimetry?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30523653" data-work_id="30523653" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30523653/Anti_Apical_Membrane_Antigen_1_Antibody_Is_More_Effective_than_Anti_42_Kilodalton_Merozoite_Surface_Protein_1_Antibody_in_Inhibiting_Plasmodium_falciparum_Growth_as_Determined_by_the_In_Vitro_Growth_Inhibition_Assay">Anti-Apical-Membrane-Antigen-1 Antibody Is More Effective than Anti-42-Kilodalton-Merozoite-Surface-Protein-1 Antibody in Inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum Growth, as Determined by the In Vitro Growth Inhibition Assay</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30523653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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{"id":30523653,"title":"Anti-Apical-Membrane-Antigen-1 Antibody Is More Effective than Anti-42-Kilodalton-Merozoite-Surface-Protein-1 Antibody in Inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum Growth, as Determined by the In Vitro Growth Inhibition Assay","created_at":"2016-12-19T07:40:55.792-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30523653/Anti_Apical_Membrane_Antigen_1_Antibody_Is_More_Effective_than_Anti_42_Kilodalton_Merozoite_Surface_Protein_1_Antibody_in_Inhibiting_Plasmodium_falciparum_Growth_as_Determined_by_the_In_Vitro_Growth_Inhibition_Assay?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_30523653","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50968016,"asset_id":30523653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58181576,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Miller","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouisMiller6","display_name":"Louis Miller","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouisMiller6?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":11298,"name":"Membrane Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Proteins?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":59370,"name":"In Vitro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro?f_ri=454230"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=454230"},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination?f_ri=454230"},{"id":432613,"name":"Animal models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_models?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":573267,"name":"Macaca Mulatta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macaca_Mulatta?f_ri=454230"},{"id":744838,"name":"Protozoan Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protozoan_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":769359,"name":"Growth Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Inhibition?f_ri=454230"},{"id":783432,"name":"Biological activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_activity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":788677,"name":"Rabbits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbits?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1274458,"name":"Antigens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antigens?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1716403,"name":"immunoglobulin G","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immunoglobulin_G?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1895642,"name":"Malaria Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Vaccines?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2277621,"name":"Merozoite surface protein 1","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merozoite_surface_protein_1?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2393494,"name":"Apical Membrane Antigen -1","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apical_Membrane_Antigen_-1?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3988442" data-work_id="3988442" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3988442/Identification_of_Plasmodium_falciparum_MSP_1_peptides_able_to_bind_to_human_red_blood_cells">Identification of Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 peptides able to bind to human red blood cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To determine amino acid sequences of the Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 protein that interact with red blood cell membranes in a specific receptor-ligand interaction, 78 sequential peptides, 20 amino acids long and spanning the entire length... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3988442" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To determine amino acid sequences of the Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 protein that interact with red blood cell membranes in a specific receptor-ligand interaction, 78 sequential peptides, 20 amino acids long and spanning the entire length of the molecule, were synthesized and analysed with a specific binding assay developed for this purpose.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3988442" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02e576b72fb688b42fe8d4aeb6955f2b" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite">Parasite</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94271" type="text/json">{"id":94271,"name":"Parasite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="139730" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite_Immunology">Parasite Immunology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="139730" type="text/json">{"id":139730,"name":"Parasite Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite_Immunology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3988442]'), work: {"id":3988442,"title":"Identification of Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 peptides able to bind to human red blood cells","created_at":"2013-07-09T13:56:06.514-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3988442/Identification_of_Plasmodium_falciparum_MSP_1_peptides_able_to_bind_to_human_red_blood_cells?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_3988442","summary":"To determine amino acid sequences of the Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 protein that interact with red blood cell membranes in a specific receptor-ligand interaction, 78 sequential peptides, 20 amino acids long and spanning the entire length of the molecule, were synthesized and analysed with a specific binding assay developed for this purpose.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50095711,"asset_id":3988442,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4793540,"first_name":"Mauricio","last_name":"Ocampo","domain_name":"unicah","page_name":"MauricioOcampo","display_name":"Mauricio Ocampo","profile_url":"https://unicah.academia.edu/MauricioOcampo?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4793540/2041305/2405185/s65_mauricio.ocampo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":94271,"name":"Parasite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":139730,"name":"Parasite Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite_Immunology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=454230"},{"id":252969,"name":"Goats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goats?f_ri=454230"},{"id":402759,"name":"Chickens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":579219,"name":"Red blood cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Red_blood_cell?f_ri=454230"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=454230"},{"id":744838,"name":"Protozoan Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protozoan_Proteins?f_ri=454230"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":788677,"name":"Rabbits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbits?f_ri=454230"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":982534,"name":"Erythrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erythrocytes?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1895642,"name":"Malaria Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Vaccines?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2277621,"name":"Merozoite surface protein 1","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merozoite_surface_protein_1?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11982530" data-work_id="11982530" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11982530/The_comparative_efficacy_of_chloroquine_and_sulfadoxine_pyrimethamine_for_the_treatment_of_uncomplicated_falciparum_malaria_in_Kampala_Uganda">The comparative efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kampala, Uganda</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in much ofAfrica despite the growing problem of resistance to this drug. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is often used after CQ treatment failure and has replaced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11982530" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in much ofAfrica despite the growing problem of resistance to this drug. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is often used after CQ treatment failure and has replaced CQ as the first-line treatment in parts ofAfrica. To compare the efficacy of these 2 regimens, we evaluated, in March-August 1999, clinical and parasitological responses over 28 days in 214 children and adults from Kampala, Uganda, with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Compared to SP, significantly more patients treated with CQ developed early or late clinical failure (54% vs 1 l%, P C 0.001) andparasitoIogica1 failure (72% vs 30%, P < 0.00 1) during 14 days of follow-up. The risk of treatment failure occurring after day 14 was similar between the 2 treatment groups. Among those treated with CQ, children aged < 5 years were at higher risk of clinical failure than older individuals (76% vs 28%, P < O.OOl), anassociationnot seenwithSP (11% vs lo%, P = 0.91). Ahhoughearlyparasite clearance was significantly better in the SP group (P = O.OOl), fever clearance at day 3 was the same (CQ 85%, SP 86%). These and other recent findings suggest that consideration be given to replacing CQ as the first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria in Uganda, particularly in young children.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11982530" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f3aad3b72172ae08a7c794af395e14d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46412685,"asset_id":11982530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46412685/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29780927" href="https://musph.academia.edu/JulietBabirye">Juliet Babirye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29780927" type="text/json">{"id":29780927,"first_name":"Juliet","last_name":"Babirye","domain_name":"musph","page_name":"JulietBabirye","display_name":"Juliet Babirye","profile_url":"https://musph.academia.edu/JulietBabirye?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11982530 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11982530"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11982530, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11982530", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11982530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11982530").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11982530").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11982530"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8828" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda">Uganda</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8828" type="text/json">{"id":8828,"name":"Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11982530]'), work: {"id":11982530,"title":"The comparative efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kampala, Uganda","created_at":"2015-04-16T23:44:09.307-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11982530/The_comparative_efficacy_of_chloroquine_and_sulfadoxine_pyrimethamine_for_the_treatment_of_uncomplicated_falciparum_malaria_in_Kampala_Uganda?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_11982530","summary":"Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in much ofAfrica despite the growing problem of resistance to this drug. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is often used after CQ treatment failure and has replaced CQ as the first-line treatment in parts ofAfrica. To compare the efficacy of these 2 regimens, we evaluated, in March-August 1999, clinical and parasitological responses over 28 days in 214 children and adults from Kampala, Uganda, with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Compared to SP, significantly more patients treated with CQ developed early or late clinical failure (54% vs 1 l%, P C 0.001) andparasitoIogica1 failure (72% vs 30%, P \u003c 0.00 1) during 14 days of follow-up. The risk of treatment failure occurring after day 14 was similar between the 2 treatment groups. Among those treated with CQ, children aged \u003c 5 years were at higher risk of clinical failure than older individuals (76% vs 28%, P \u003c O.OOl), anassociationnot seenwithSP (11% vs lo%, P = 0.91). Ahhoughearlyparasite clearance was significantly better in the SP group (P = O.OOl), fever clearance at day 3 was the same (CQ 85%, SP 86%). These and other recent findings suggest that consideration be given to replacing CQ as the first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria in Uganda, particularly in young children.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46412685,"asset_id":11982530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29780927,"first_name":"Juliet","last_name":"Babirye","domain_name":"musph","page_name":"JulietBabirye","display_name":"Juliet Babirye","profile_url":"https://musph.academia.edu/JulietBabirye?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":8828,"name":"Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=454230"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=454230"},{"id":375087,"name":"Pyrimethamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrimethamine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":375088,"name":"Sulfadoxine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfadoxine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":538047,"name":"Young Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Children?f_ri=454230"},{"id":919274,"name":"Chloroquine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chloroquine?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12982123" data-work_id="12982123" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12982123/The_role_of_Ca2_in_the_process_of_cell_invasion_by_intracellular_parasites">The role of Ca2+ in the process of cell invasion by intracellular parasites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">| midgut of the mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi Liston and Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera:Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 75, 268-279 40 Huber, M. et al. (1991) Malaria parasite chitinase and penetration of the mosquito peritrophic membrane. Proc.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12982123" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">| midgut of the mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi Liston and Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera:Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 75, 268-279 40 Huber, M. et al. (1991) Malaria parasite chitinase and penetration of the mosquito peritrophic membrane. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. LISA 88, 2807-28111 41 Ham, P.J. et al. (1991 Effect of N-acetyI-D-glucosamine on the migration of Brugia pahangi microfilariae into the haemocoel of Aedes aegypti. Med. Vet. EntomoL 5,[485][486][487][488][489][490][491][492][493] In order to replicate, many parasites must invade host cells. Changes in the intracelhdar Ca 2÷ concentration ([Ca~-*]) of different parasites and tissue culttnv cells during their interaction have been studied. Art increar.e .61 cytosolic Ca 2 ÷ in Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes occurs after association of the parasites with host cell~. Ca 2 ÷ mobilization in the host cells also takes place upon contact with T. cruzi trypomastigotes, Leishmania donovani amastigotes or Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. When Ca 2÷ transients are prevented by intracelhdar Ca 2. chelators, a decrease in parasite association to host cells is observed. This reveals the importance of [Ca'-÷]i in the process of parasitehost cell interaction, as disc,ssed here by Roberto Docampo and Silvia MoremJ.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12982123" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba94162c0eeaf71f63d58a35affeb505" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45805280,"asset_id":12982123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45805280/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32190958" href="https://uga.academia.edu/RobertoDocampo">Roberto Docampo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32190958" type="text/json">{"id":32190958,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Docampo","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"RobertoDocampo","display_name":"Roberto Docampo","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/RobertoDocampo?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32190958/9701374/12051773/s65_roberto.docampo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12982123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12982123"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12982123, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12982123", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12982123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12982123").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12982123").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12982123"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_culture">Tissue culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66089" type="text/json">{"id":66089,"name":"Tissue culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_culture?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="376084" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trypanosoma_Cruzi">Trypanosoma Cruzi</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="376084" type="text/json">{"id":376084,"name":"Trypanosoma Cruzi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trypanosoma_Cruzi?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="454230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum">Plasmodium falciparum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="454230" type="text/json">{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12982123]'), work: {"id":12982123,"title":"The role of Ca2+ in the process of cell invasion by intracellular parasites","created_at":"2015-06-14T16:24:34.299-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12982123/The_role_of_Ca2_in_the_process_of_cell_invasion_by_intracellular_parasites?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_12982123","summary":"| midgut of the mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi Liston and Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera:Culicidae). Parasitol. Res. 75, 268-279 40 Huber, M. et al. (1991) Malaria parasite chitinase and penetration of the mosquito peritrophic membrane. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. LISA 88, 2807-28111 41 Ham, P.J. et al. (1991 Effect of N-acetyI-D-glucosamine on the migration of Brugia pahangi microfilariae into the haemocoel of Aedes aegypti. Med. Vet. EntomoL 5,[485][486][487][488][489][490][491][492][493] In order to replicate, many parasites must invade host cells. Changes in the intracelhdar Ca 2÷ concentration ([Ca~-*]) of different parasites and tissue culttnv cells during their interaction have been studied. Art increar.e .61 cytosolic Ca 2 ÷ in Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes occurs after association of the parasites with host cell~. Ca 2 ÷ mobilization in the host cells also takes place upon contact with T. cruzi trypomastigotes, Leishmania donovani amastigotes or Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. When Ca 2÷ transients are prevented by intracelhdar Ca 2. chelators, a decrease in parasite association to host cells is observed. This reveals the importance of [Ca'-÷]i in the process of parasitehost cell interaction, as disc,ssed here by Roberto Docampo and Silvia MoremJ.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45805280,"asset_id":12982123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32190958,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Docampo","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"RobertoDocampo","display_name":"Roberto Docampo","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/RobertoDocampo?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32190958/9701374/12051773/s65_roberto.docampo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":66089,"name":"Tissue culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_culture?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":376084,"name":"Trypanosoma Cruzi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trypanosoma_Cruzi?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23991681" data-work_id="23991681" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23991681/Clinical_and_Epidemiological_Profiles_of_Severe_Malaria_in_Children_from_Delhi_India">Clinical and Epidemiological Profiles of Severe Malaria in Children from Delhi, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Plasmodium vivax is traditionally known to cause benign tertian malaria, although recent reports suggest that P. vivax can also cause severe life-threatening disease analogous to severe infection due to P. falciparum. There are limited... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23991681" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Plasmodium vivax is traditionally known to cause benign tertian malaria, although recent reports suggest that P. vivax can also cause severe life-threatening disease analogous to severe infection due to P. falciparum. There are limited published data on the clinical and epidemiological profiles of children suffering from 'severe malaria' in an urban setting of India. To assess the clinical and epidemiological profiles of children with severe malaria, a prospective study was carried out during June 2008-December 2008 in the Department of Pediatrics, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, a tertiary hospital located in East Delhi, India. Data on children aged ≤12 years, diagnosed with severe malaria, were analyzed for their demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. All patients were categorized and treated as per the guidelines of the World Health Organization. In total, 1,680 children were screened for malaria at the paediatric outpatient and casualty facilities of the hospital. Thirty-eight children tested positive for malaria on peripheral smear examination (2.26% slide positivity rate). Of these, 27 (71%) were admitted and categorized as severe malaria as per the definition of the WHO while another 11 (29%) received treatment on outpatient basis. Most (24/27; 88.8%) cases of severe malaria (n=27) were infected with P. vivax. Among the cases of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax (n=24), 12 (50%) presented with altered sensorium (cerebral malaria), seven (29.1%) had severe anaemia (haemoglobin <5 g/dL), and 17 (70.8%) had thrombocytopaenia, of which two had spontaneous bleeding (epistaxis). Cases of severe vivax malaria are clinically indistinguishable from severe falciparum malaria. Our study demonstrated that majority (88.8%) of severe malaria cases in children from Delhi and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh were due to P. vivax-associated infection. P. vivax should, thus, be regarded as an important causative agent for severe malaria in children.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23991681" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9dd63d4bdd5031d12bede0acd6119aa1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44380116,"asset_id":23991681,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44380116/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46343121" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SunilGomber">Sunil Gomber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46343121" type="text/json">{"id":46343121,"first_name":"Sunil","last_name":"Gomber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SunilGomber","display_name":"Sunil Gomber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SunilGomber?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46343121/98686444/87809920/s65_sunil.gomber.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23991681 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23991681"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23991681, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23991681", }); 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There are limited published data on the clinical and epidemiological profiles of children suffering from 'severe malaria' in an urban setting of India. To assess the clinical and epidemiological profiles of children with severe malaria, a prospective study was carried out during June 2008-December 2008 in the Department of Pediatrics, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, a tertiary hospital located in East Delhi, India. Data on children aged ≤12 years, diagnosed with severe malaria, were analyzed for their demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. All patients were categorized and treated as per the guidelines of the World Health Organization. In total, 1,680 children were screened for malaria at the paediatric outpatient and casualty facilities of the hospital. Thirty-eight children tested positive for malaria on peripheral smear examination (2.26% slide positivity rate). Of these, 27 (71%) were admitted and categorized as severe malaria as per the definition of the WHO while another 11 (29%) received treatment on outpatient basis. Most (24/27; 88.8%) cases of severe malaria (n=27) were infected with P. vivax. Among the cases of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax (n=24), 12 (50%) presented with altered sensorium (cerebral malaria), seven (29.1%) had severe anaemia (haemoglobin \u003c5 g/dL), and 17 (70.8%) had thrombocytopaenia, of which two had spontaneous bleeding (epistaxis). Cases of severe vivax malaria are clinically indistinguishable from severe falciparum malaria. Our study demonstrated that majority (88.8%) of severe malaria cases in children from Delhi and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh were due to P. vivax-associated infection. P. vivax should, thus, be regarded as an important causative agent for severe malaria in children.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44380116,"asset_id":23991681,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46343121,"first_name":"Sunil","last_name":"Gomber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SunilGomber","display_name":"Sunil Gomber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SunilGomber?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46343121/98686444/87809920/s65_sunil.gomber.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1627985,"name":"Plasmodium Vivax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_Vivax?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15900676 coauthored" data-work_id="15900676" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15900676/Progress_towards_malaria_elimination_in_Sabang_Municipality_Aceh_Indonesia">Progress towards malaria elimination in Sabang Municipality, Aceh, Indonesia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Indonesia has set 2030 as its deadline for elimination of malaria transmission in the archipelago, with regional deadlines established according to present levels of malaria endemicity and strength of health infrastructure.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15900676" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Indonesia has set 2030 as its deadline for elimination of malaria transmission in the archipelago, with regional deadlines established according to present levels of malaria endemicity and strength of health infrastructure. The Municipality of Sabang which historically had one of the highest levels of malaria in Aceh province aims to achieve elimination by the end of 2013. Method: From 2008 to 2010, baseline surveys of malaria interventions, mapping of all confirmed malaria cases, categorization of residual foci of malaria transmission and vector surveys were conducted in Sabang, Aceh, a pilot district for malaria elimination in Indonesia. To inform future elimination efforts, mass screening from the focal areas to measure prevalence of malaria with both microscopy and PCR was conducted. G6PD deficiency prevalence was also measured. Result: Despite its small size, a diverse mixture of potential malaria vectors were documented in Sabang, including Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles aconitus and Anopheles dirus. Over a two-year span, the number of sub-villages with ongoing malaria transmission reduced from 61 to 43. Coverage of malaria diagnosis and treatment, IRS, and LLINs was over 80%. Screening of 16,229 residents detected 19 positive people, for a point prevalence of 0.12%. Of the 19 positive cases, three symptomatic infections and five asymptomatic infections were detected with microscopy and 11 asymptomatic infections were detected with PCR. Of the 19 cases, seven were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 11 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, and one subject was infected with both species. Analysis of the 937 blood samples for G6PD deficiency revealed two subjects (0.2%) with deficient G6PD. Discussion: The interventions carried out by the government of Sabang have dramatically reduced the burden of malaria over the past seven years. The first phase, carried out between 2005 and 2007, included improved malaria diagnosis, introduction of ACT for treatment, and scale-up of coverage of IRS and LLINs. The second phase, from 2008 to 2010, initiated to eliminate the persistent residual transmission of malaria, consisted of development of a malaria database to ensure rapid case reporting and investigation, stratification of malaria foci to guide interventions, and active case detection to hunt symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria carriers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15900676" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a0dd673570481a557dd59ea5210ce435" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42837105,"asset_id":15900676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42837105/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33474565" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FerdinandLaihad">Ferdinand Laihad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33474565" type="text/json">{"id":33474565,"first_name":"Ferdinand","last_name":"Laihad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FerdinandLaihad","display_name":"Ferdinand Laihad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FerdinandLaihad?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-15900676">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-15900676"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://gajahmada.academia.edu/RitaKusriastuti">Rita Kusriastuti</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnisFuad">Anis Fuad</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-15900676'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-15900676').html(); 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The Municipality of Sabang which historically had one of the highest levels of malaria in Aceh province aims to achieve elimination by the end of 2013. Method: From 2008 to 2010, baseline surveys of malaria interventions, mapping of all confirmed malaria cases, categorization of residual foci of malaria transmission and vector surveys were conducted in Sabang, Aceh, a pilot district for malaria elimination in Indonesia. To inform future elimination efforts, mass screening from the focal areas to measure prevalence of malaria with both microscopy and PCR was conducted. G6PD deficiency prevalence was also measured. Result: Despite its small size, a diverse mixture of potential malaria vectors were documented in Sabang, including Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles aconitus and Anopheles dirus. Over a two-year span, the number of sub-villages with ongoing malaria transmission reduced from 61 to 43. Coverage of malaria diagnosis and treatment, IRS, and LLINs was over 80%. Screening of 16,229 residents detected 19 positive people, for a point prevalence of 0.12%. Of the 19 positive cases, three symptomatic infections and five asymptomatic infections were detected with microscopy and 11 asymptomatic infections were detected with PCR. Of the 19 cases, seven were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 11 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, and one subject was infected with both species. Analysis of the 937 blood samples for G6PD deficiency revealed two subjects (0.2%) with deficient G6PD. Discussion: The interventions carried out by the government of Sabang have dramatically reduced the burden of malaria over the past seven years. The first phase, carried out between 2005 and 2007, included improved malaria diagnosis, introduction of ACT for treatment, and scale-up of coverage of IRS and LLINs. The second phase, from 2008 to 2010, initiated to eliminate the persistent residual transmission of malaria, consisted of development of a malaria database to ensure rapid case reporting and investigation, stratification of malaria foci to guide interventions, and active case detection to hunt symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria carriers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42837105,"asset_id":15900676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33474565,"first_name":"Ferdinand","last_name":"Laihad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FerdinandLaihad","display_name":"Ferdinand Laihad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FerdinandLaihad?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":35062218,"first_name":"Rita","last_name":"Kusriastuti","domain_name":"gajahmada","page_name":"RitaKusriastuti","display_name":"Rita Kusriastuti","profile_url":"https://gajahmada.academia.edu/RitaKusriastuti?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":5320787,"first_name":"Anis","last_name":"Fuad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnisFuad","display_name":"Anis Fuad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnisFuad?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5320787/3318709/3905295/s65_anis.fuad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3091,"name":"Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":54259,"name":"Cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cities?f_ri=454230"},{"id":96081,"name":"Anopheles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles?f_ri=454230"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=454230"},{"id":246448,"name":"Mosquito Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosquito_Control?f_ri=454230"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1627985,"name":"Plasmodium Vivax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_Vivax?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21797885" data-work_id="21797885" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21797885/Terpurinflavone_An_antiplasmodial_flavone_from_the_stem_of_Tephrosia_Purpurea">Terpurinflavone: An antiplasmodial flavone from the stem of Tephrosia Purpurea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button 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u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34119409" href="https://uonbi.academia.edu/AbiyYenesew">Abiy Yenesew</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34119409" type="text/json">{"id":34119409,"first_name":"Abiy","last_name":"Yenesew","domain_name":"uonbi","page_name":"AbiyYenesew","display_name":"Abiy Yenesew","profile_url":"https://uonbi.academia.edu/AbiyYenesew?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34119409/11520095/12848547/s65_abiy.yenesew.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21797885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21797885"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new 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data-card-contents-for-ri="3057" type="text/json">{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="454230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum">Plasmodium falciparum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="454230" type="text/json">{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21797885]'), work: {"id":21797885,"title":"Terpurinflavone: An antiplasmodial flavone from the stem of Tephrosia Purpurea","created_at":"2016-02-10T15:22:26.944-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21797885/Terpurinflavone_An_antiplasmodial_flavone_from_the_stem_of_Tephrosia_Purpurea?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_21797885","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42560031,"asset_id":21797885,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34119409,"first_name":"Abiy","last_name":"Yenesew","domain_name":"uonbi","page_name":"AbiyYenesew","display_name":"Abiy Yenesew","profile_url":"https://uonbi.academia.edu/AbiyYenesew?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34119409/11520095/12848547/s65_abiy.yenesew.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17604397" data-work_id="17604397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17604397/Evaluation_of_prevalences_of_pfdhfr_and_pfdhps_mutations_in_Angola">Evaluation of prevalence's of pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations in Angola</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Malaria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Angola. The most vulnerable groups to Plasmodium falciparum infection are pregnant women and children under five years of age. The use of an intermittent preventive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17604397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Malaria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Angola. The most vulnerable groups to Plasmodium falciparum infection are pregnant women and children under five years of age. The use of an intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) in pregnant women was introduced in Angola in 2006 by the National Malaria Control Programme, and currently this strategy has been considered to be used for children malaria control. Considering the previous wide use of SP combination in Angola, together to the reported cases of SP treatment failure it is crucial the evaluation of the prevalence of five mutations in pfdhfr and pfdhps genes associated to P. falciparum resistance to SP before the introduction of S/P IPT in children.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17604397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3011ee1c308509c1408c2e622ceaa6f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39608035,"asset_id":17604397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39608035/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37444600" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FilomenoFortes">Filomeno Fortes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37444600" type="text/json">{"id":37444600,"first_name":"Filomeno","last_name":"Fortes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FilomenoFortes","display_name":"Filomeno Fortes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FilomenoFortes?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17604397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17604397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17604397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17604397", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17604397]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17604397").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17604397").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17604397"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21366" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angola">Angola</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21366" type="text/json">{"id":21366,"name":"Angola","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angola?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48458" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency">High Frequency</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48458" type="text/json">{"id":48458,"name":"High Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17604397]'), work: {"id":17604397,"title":"Evaluation of prevalence's of pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations in Angola","created_at":"2015-11-02T03:39:50.493-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17604397/Evaluation_of_prevalences_of_pfdhfr_and_pfdhps_mutations_in_Angola?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_17604397","summary":"Background: Malaria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Angola. The most vulnerable groups to Plasmodium falciparum infection are pregnant women and children under five years of age. The use of an intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) in pregnant women was introduced in Angola in 2006 by the National Malaria Control Programme, and currently this strategy has been considered to be used for children malaria control. Considering the previous wide use of SP combination in Angola, together to the reported cases of SP treatment failure it is crucial the evaluation of the prevalence of five mutations in pfdhfr and pfdhps genes associated to P. falciparum resistance to SP before the introduction of S/P IPT in children.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39608035,"asset_id":17604397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37444600,"first_name":"Filomeno","last_name":"Fortes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FilomenoFortes","display_name":"Filomeno Fortes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FilomenoFortes?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":21366,"name":"Angola","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angola?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":48458,"name":"High Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=454230"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=454230"},{"id":103298,"name":"Blood sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_sampling?f_ri=454230"},{"id":114439,"name":"Chemoprevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemoprevention?f_ri=454230"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=454230"},{"id":375087,"name":"Pyrimethamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrimethamine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":375088,"name":"Sulfadoxine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfadoxine?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":486566,"name":"Pregnant Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnant_Women?f_ri=454230"},{"id":867007,"name":"Intermittent Preventive Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermittent_Preventive_Treatment?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1036777,"name":"Epidemiologic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiologic_Studies?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71358328" data-work_id="71358328" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71358328/Parasite_Density_and_Malaria_Morbidity_in_the_Pakistani_Punjab">Parasite Density and Malaria Morbidity in the Pakistani Punjab</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract. The relationship between quantitative Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax parasitemia and clinical illness has not been defined in Pakistan or in other areas where malaria transmission is not highly endemic. Standardized... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71358328" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract. The relationship between quantitative Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax parasitemia and clinical illness has not been defined in Pakistan or in other areas where malaria transmission is not highly endemic. Standardized questionnaires were given to and physical examinations and parasitologic tests were performed in 8,941 subjects seen in outpatient clinics in 4 villages for 13 consecutive months in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The results, based on multivariable analysis, showed that a clinical diagnosis of malaria, a history of fever, rigors, headache, myalgia, elevated temperature, and a palpable spleen among children were all strongly associated with the presence and density of P. falciparum or P. vivax malaria in a monotonic dose-response fashion. The malaria attributable fraction of a clinical diagnosis of malaria, and the same symptoms and signs also increased with increasing P. falciparum and, to a lesser extent, P. vivax, parasitemia. Unlike in sub-Saharan Africa,...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71358328" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc386992f548942604a6046c07ae5fb0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80735259,"asset_id":71358328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80735259/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="170026111" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmirKhaliq7">Amir Khaliq</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="170026111" type="text/json">{"id":170026111,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Khaliq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmirKhaliq7","display_name":"Amir Khaliq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmirKhaliq7?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71358328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71358328"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71358328, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71358328", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71358328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71358328; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71358328"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71358328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71358328"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71358328; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71358328]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71358328").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71358328").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71358328"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7361" type="text/json">{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis">Multivariate Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41482" type="text/json">{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71358328]'), work: {"id":71358328,"title":"Parasite Density and Malaria Morbidity in the Pakistani Punjab","created_at":"2022-02-13T09:07:58.062-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71358328/Parasite_Density_and_Malaria_Morbidity_in_the_Pakistani_Punjab?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_71358328","summary":"Abstract. The relationship between quantitative Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax parasitemia and clinical illness has not been defined in Pakistan or in other areas where malaria transmission is not highly endemic. Standardized questionnaires were given to and physical examinations and parasitologic tests were performed in 8,941 subjects seen in outpatient clinics in 4 villages for 13 consecutive months in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The results, based on multivariable analysis, showed that a clinical diagnosis of malaria, a history of fever, rigors, headache, myalgia, elevated temperature, and a palpable spleen among children were all strongly associated with the presence and density of P. falciparum or P. vivax malaria in a monotonic dose-response fashion. The malaria attributable fraction of a clinical diagnosis of malaria, and the same symptoms and signs also increased with increasing P. falciparum and, to a lesser extent, P. vivax, parasitemia. Unlike in sub-Saharan Africa,...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80735259,"asset_id":71358328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":170026111,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Khaliq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmirKhaliq7","display_name":"Amir Khaliq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmirKhaliq7?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":96081,"name":"Anopheles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anopheles?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":399434,"name":"Morbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morbidity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1434202,"name":"Clinical Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Diagnosis?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1627985,"name":"Plasmodium Vivax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_Vivax?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2002363,"name":"Insect Vectors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_Vectors?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3454956,"name":"Malaria Falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65238614" data-work_id="65238614" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65238614/Surveillance_for_malaria_elimination_in_Swaziland_a_national_cross_sectional_study_using_pooled_PCR_and_serology">Surveillance for malaria elimination in Swaziland: a national cross-sectional study using pooled PCR and serology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: To guide malaria elimination efforts in Swaziland and other countries, accurate assessments of transmission are critical. Pooled-PCR has potential to efficiently improve sensitivity to detect infections; serology may clarify... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65238614" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: To guide malaria elimination efforts in Swaziland and other countries, accurate assessments of transmission are critical. Pooled-PCR has potential to efficiently improve sensitivity to detect infections; serology may clarify temporal and spatial trends in exposure. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a stratified two-stage cluster, cross-sectional design, subjects were recruited from the malaria endemic region of Swaziland. Blood was collected for rapid diagnostic testing (RDT), pooled PCR, and ELISA detecting antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum surface antigens. Of 4330 participants tested, three were RDT-positive yet false positives by PCR. Pooled PCR led to the identification of one P. falciparum and one P. malariae infection among RDTnegative participants. The P. falciparum-infected participant reported recent travel to Mozambique. Compared to performing individual testing on thousands of samples, PCR pooling reduced labor and consumable costs by 95.5%. Seropositivity was associated with age $20 years (11?7% vs 1?9%, P,0.001), recent travel to Mozambique (OR 4.4 [95% CI 1.0-19.0]) and residence in southeast Swaziland (RR 3.78, P,0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of malaria infection and recent exposure in Swaziland are extremely low, suggesting elimination is feasible. Future efforts should address imported malaria and target remaining foci of transmission. Pooled PCR and ELISA are valuable surveillance tools for guiding elimination efforts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65238614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96d7dc17d572375ddd9a4eef26f7b2be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76928183,"asset_id":65238614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76928183/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="195020923" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SihleDlamini18">Sihle Dlamini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="195020923" type="text/json">{"id":195020923,"first_name":"Sihle","last_name":"Dlamini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SihleDlamini18","display_name":"Sihle Dlamini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SihleDlamini18?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195020923/57445263/45663492/s65_sihle.dlamini.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65238614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65238614"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65238614, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65238614", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65238614]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65238614").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65238614").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65238614"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65238614]'), work: {"id":65238614,"title":"Surveillance for malaria elimination in Swaziland: a national cross-sectional study using pooled PCR and serology","created_at":"2021-12-20T21:49:16.984-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65238614/Surveillance_for_malaria_elimination_in_Swaziland_a_national_cross_sectional_study_using_pooled_PCR_and_serology?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_65238614","summary":"Background: To guide malaria elimination efforts in Swaziland and other countries, accurate assessments of transmission are critical. Pooled-PCR has potential to efficiently improve sensitivity to detect infections; serology may clarify temporal and spatial trends in exposure. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a stratified two-stage cluster, cross-sectional design, subjects were recruited from the malaria endemic region of Swaziland. Blood was collected for rapid diagnostic testing (RDT), pooled PCR, and ELISA detecting antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum surface antigens. Of 4330 participants tested, three were RDT-positive yet false positives by PCR. Pooled PCR led to the identification of one P. falciparum and one P. malariae infection among RDTnegative participants. The P. falciparum-infected participant reported recent travel to Mozambique. Compared to performing individual testing on thousands of samples, PCR pooling reduced labor and consumable costs by 95.5%. Seropositivity was associated with age $20 years (11?7% vs 1?9%, P,0.001), recent travel to Mozambique (OR 4.4 [95% CI 1.0-19.0]) and residence in southeast Swaziland (RR 3.78, P,0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of malaria infection and recent exposure in Swaziland are extremely low, suggesting elimination is feasible. Future efforts should address imported malaria and target remaining foci of transmission. Pooled PCR and ELISA are valuable surveillance tools for guiding elimination efforts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76928183,"asset_id":65238614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":195020923,"first_name":"Sihle","last_name":"Dlamini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SihleDlamini18","display_name":"Sihle Dlamini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SihleDlamini18?f_ri=454230","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/195020923/57445263/45663492/s65_sihle.dlamini.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=454230"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=454230"},{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":709507,"name":"Diagnostic Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Test?f_ri=454230"},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2468494,"name":"False Positive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/False_Positive?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3189424,"name":"Blood Specimen Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Specimen_Collection?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53204524" data-work_id="53204524" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53204524/Molecular_docking_and_3D_quantitative_structure_activity_relationship_analyses_of_peptidyl_vinyl_sulfones_Plasmodium_Falciparum_cysteine_proteases_inhibitors">Molecular docking and 3D-quantitative structure activity relationship analyses of peptidyl vinyl sulfones: Plasmodium Falciparum cysteine proteases inhibitors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) based on three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were conducted on a series (39... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53204524" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) based on three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were conducted on a series (39 molecules) of peptidyl vinyl sulfone derivatives as potential Plasmodium Falciparum cysteine proteases inhibitors. Two different methods of alignment were employed: (i) a receptor-docked alignment derived from the structure-based docking algorithm GOLD and (ii) a</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53204524" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b95cda4fccf5f275a7d4f2cc551d6b8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70102936,"asset_id":53204524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70102936/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="77424261" href="https://uminho.academia.edu/C%C3%A1tiaTeixeira">Cátia Teixeira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="77424261" type="text/json">{"id":77424261,"first_name":"Cátia","last_name":"Teixeira","domain_name":"uminho","page_name":"CátiaTeixeira","display_name":"Cátia Teixeira","profile_url":"https://uminho.academia.edu/C%C3%A1tiaTeixeira?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53204524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53204524"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53204524, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53204524", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53204524]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53204524").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53204524").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53204524"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50630" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_structure">Crystal structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50630" type="text/json">{"id":50630,"name":"Crystal structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_structure?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120789" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design">Drug Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120789" type="text/json">{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130616" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Model">Standard Model</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130616" type="text/json">{"id":130616,"name":"Standard Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Model?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53204524]'), work: {"id":53204524,"title":"Molecular docking and 3D-quantitative structure activity relationship analyses of peptidyl vinyl sulfones: Plasmodium Falciparum cysteine proteases inhibitors","created_at":"2021-09-22T01:45:56.875-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53204524/Molecular_docking_and_3D_quantitative_structure_activity_relationship_analyses_of_peptidyl_vinyl_sulfones_Plasmodium_Falciparum_cysteine_proteases_inhibitors?f_ri=454230","dom_id":"work_53204524","summary":"Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) based on three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were conducted on a series (39 molecules) of peptidyl vinyl sulfone derivatives as potential Plasmodium Falciparum cysteine proteases inhibitors. Two different methods of alignment were employed: (i) a receptor-docked alignment derived from the structure-based docking algorithm GOLD and (ii) a","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70102936,"asset_id":53204524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":77424261,"first_name":"Cátia","last_name":"Teixeira","domain_name":"uminho","page_name":"CátiaTeixeira","display_name":"Cátia Teixeira","profile_url":"https://uminho.academia.edu/C%C3%A1tiaTeixeira?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":50630,"name":"Crystal structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_structure?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":130616,"name":"Standard Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Model?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":141235,"name":"Molecular docking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_docking?f_ri=454230"},{"id":157521,"name":"Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Structure_Activity_Relationship?f_ri=454230"},{"id":354019,"name":"Active site","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_site?f_ri=454230"},{"id":372917,"name":"Protein Secondary Structure Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Secondary_Structure_Prediction?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454230,"name":"Plasmodium falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=454230"},{"id":504035,"name":"Three Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional?f_ri=454230"},{"id":584613,"name":"Cysteine endopeptidases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cysteine_endopeptidases?f_ri=454230"},{"id":645605,"name":"THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THEORETICAL_AND_COMPUTATIONAL_CHEMISTRY?f_ri=454230"},{"id":649537,"name":"Molecular Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Conformation?f_ri=454230"},{"id":783432,"name":"Biological activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_activity?f_ri=454230"},{"id":1222191,"name":"Ligands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligands?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2208075,"name":"Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cysteine_Proteinase_Inhibitors?f_ri=454230"},{"id":2898895,"name":"binding sites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/binding_sites?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3531243,"name":"Cysteine Protease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cysteine_Protease?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48082090" data-work_id="48082090" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48082090/Malaria_Was_the_Killer_of_Francesco_I_de_Medici_1531_1587_">Malaria Was “the Killer” of Francesco I de' Medici (1531-1587)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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Falciparum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_Falciparum?f_ri=454230"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=454230"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31266389" data-work_id="31266389" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31266389/Integrated_Printed_Circuit_Board_Device_for_Cell_Lysis_and_Nucleic_Acid_Extraction">Integrated Printed Circuit Board Device for Cell Lysis and Nucleic Acid Extraction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Preparation of raw, untreated biological samples remains a major challenge in microfluidics. We present a novel microfluidic device based on the integration of printed circuit boards and an isotachophoresis assay for sample preparation of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31266389" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Preparation of raw, untreated biological samples remains a major challenge in microfluidics. We present a novel microfluidic device based on the integration of printed circuit boards and an isotachophoresis assay for sample preparation of nucleic acids from biological samples. The device has integrated resistive heaters and temperature sensors as well as a 70 μm × 300 μm × 3.7 cm microfluidic channel connecting two 15 μL reservoirs. We demonstrated this device by extracting pathogenic nucleic acids from 1 μL dispensed volume of whole blood spiked with Plasmodium falciparum. We dispensed whole blood directly onto an on-chip reservoir, and the system's integrated heaters simultaneously lysed and mixed the sample. We used isotachophoresis to extract the nucleic acids into a secondary buffer via isotachophoresis. We analyzed the convective mixing action with micro particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) and verified the purity and amount of extracted nucleic acids using off-chip quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We achieved a clinically relevant limit of detection of 500 parasites per microliter. The system has no moving parts, and the process is potentially compatible with a wide range of on-chip hybridization or amplification assays.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31266389" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7964706d063e462408c2672a4f1c391" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51669831,"asset_id":31266389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51669831/download_file?st=MTczODIwNzc4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59739945" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LewisMarshall5">Lewis Marshall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59739945" type="text/json">{"id":59739945,"first_name":"Lewis","last_name":"Marshall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LewisMarshall5","display_name":"Lewis Marshall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LewisMarshall5?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31266389 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31266389"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31266389, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31266389", }); 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We present a novel microfluidic device based on the integration of printed circuit boards and an isotachophoresis assay for sample preparation of nucleic acids from biological samples. The device has integrated resistive heaters and temperature sensors as well as a 70 μm × 300 μm × 3.7 cm microfluidic channel connecting two 15 μL reservoirs. We demonstrated this device by extracting pathogenic nucleic acids from 1 μL dispensed volume of whole blood spiked with Plasmodium falciparum. We dispensed whole blood directly onto an on-chip reservoir, and the system's integrated heaters simultaneously lysed and mixed the sample. We used isotachophoresis to extract the nucleic acids into a secondary buffer via isotachophoresis. We analyzed the convective mixing action with micro particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) and verified the purity and amount of extracted nucleic acids using off-chip quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We achieved a clinically relevant limit of detection of 500 parasites per microliter. The system has no moving parts, and the process is potentially compatible with a wide range of on-chip hybridization or amplification assays.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51669831,"asset_id":31266389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59739945,"first_name":"Lewis","last_name":"Marshall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LewisMarshall5","display_name":"Lewis Marshall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LewisMarshall5?f_ri=454230","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":88354,"name":"Printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Printing?f_ri=454230","nofollow":true},{"id":112576,"name":"Cell 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