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SQL – Wikipedija/Википедија

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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osnove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Osnove</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osnove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upiti_(Queries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upiti_(Queries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Upiti (Queries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upiti_(Queries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manipulacija_podacima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manipulacija_podacima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Manipulacija podacima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manipulacija_podacima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SQL</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 85 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Švajcarsko nemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Švajcarsko nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A9" title="لغة الاستعلامات المهيكلة — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة الاستعلامات المهيكلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2" title="এসকিউএল — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এসকিউএল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktuurp%C3%A4ringukeel" title="Struktuurpäringukeel — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Struktuurpäringukeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس‌کیوال — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اس‌کیوال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teanga_Strucht%C3%BArtha_Iarratas" title="Teanga Struchtúrtha Iarratas — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teanga Struchtúrtha Iarratas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="ऍसक्यूऍल — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऍसक्यूऍल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD." title="എസ്.ക്യു.എൽ. — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്.ക്യു.എൽ." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8.%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A.%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਐੱਸ.ਕਿਊ.ਐੱਲ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐੱਸ.ਕਿਊ.ਐੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ایس کیو ایل — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایس کیو ایل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language" title="Structured Query Language — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Structured Query Language" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கட்டமைப்புள்ள வினவு மொழி — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டமைப்புள்ள வினவு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Tađik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tađik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ภาษาสอบถามเชิงโครงสร้าง — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาสอบถามเชิงโครงสร้าง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ایس کیو ایل — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایس کیو ایل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL" title="SQL — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="SQL" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47607#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi 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mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><p>SQL (Structured Query Language) je programski jezik namenjen za upravljanje podacima u relacionim sistemima za upravljanje bazama podataka.Obuhvata unos podataka, upite, ažuriranje i brisanje, šeme kreiranja i menjanja, kao i podatke za kontrolu pristupa. <br /> SQL je najviše korišćen programski jezik za baze podataka. SQL je postao standard Američkog nacionalnog instituta za standarde (ANSI) u 1986. god., kao i Međunarodne organizacije za standarde (ISO) u 1987. god. Od tada standard je poboljšan nekoliko puta sa dodatim funkcijama. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorija">Istorija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Istorija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Istorija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SQL je razvijen u IBM od strane Donald G. Čemberlena i Rejmond F. Bojsa u ranim 1970-im. Ova verzija, prvobitno nazvana SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), je dizajniran da manipuliše i preuzima podatke koji su se skladištili u IBM kvazi-relacionim sistemom za upravljanje bazama podataka,System R. U junu 1979. god. Relational Software (sada Oracle Corporation) predstavio je prvu komercijlno dostupnu verziju SQL, Oracle V2. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osnove">Osnove</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Osnove" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osnove"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SQL jezik je podeljena na nekoliko jezičkih elemenata: </p><p><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Klauzule</b> (Clauses), koje su sastavni delovi izjava i upita. (U nekim slučajevima klauzule su opcione).</li> <li><b>Izraza</b> (Expressions), koji mogu da proizvedu ili skalarnu vrednost ili tabele koje se sastoje od kolona i redova sa podacima.</li> <li><b>Predikata</b> (Predicates), koji se koriste za ograničavanje efekata izjava i upita, ili za promene toka programa.</li> <li><b>Upiti</b> (Queries), koji vraćaju podatke na osnovu određenih kriterijuma. Ovo je najvažniji element SQL.</li> <li><b>Izjave</b> (Statements), koje mogu da kontrolišu transakcije, protok programa, veza, ili dijagnostiku.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upiti_(Queries)"><span id="Upiti_.28Queries.29"></span>Upiti (Queries)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Upiti (Queries)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Upiti (Queries)"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Najčešća operacija u SQL je upit, koje se vrši sa naredbom SELECT. SELECT preuzima podatke iz jedne ili više tabela, ili izraza. Standardna naredba SELECT nema uticaj na bazu podataka. Neke nestandardne implementacije naredbe SELECT mogu imati direktni uticaj, kao što je SELECT INTO sintaksa koja postoji u nekim bazama podataka. </p><p>Upiti omogućavaju korisniku da se opiše željene podatke, ostavljajući sistemima za upravljanje bazama podataka(DBMS), odgovornost za planiranje, optimizaciju, kao i obavljanje operacija potrebnih da se prikažu rezultati koji su zahtevani. </p><p>Upit sadrži spisak kolona koje će biti uključene u konačni rezultat odmah nakon SELECT ključne reči. Zvezdica ("*") se takođe može koristiti da biste naveli da bi trebalo da upit vrati sve kolone ispitane tabele . SELECT je najsloženija izjava u SQL, sa opcionim ključnih reči i klauzulama koje obuhvataju: </p> <ul><li>FROM klauzula, ukazuje na tabelu(e) iz koje se preuzimaju podaci. FROM klauzula može, opciono, da sadrži JOIN klauzulu koja određuje pravila za spajanje tabela.</li> <li>WHERE klauzula,uključuje poređenja, koje ograničava broj redova koje vraća upit. WHERE eliminiše sve redove iz rezultata za koje poređenje nije tačno(True).</li> <li>GROUP BY klauzula se koristi za grupisanje redova sa istim vrednostima.GROUP BY se često koristi u kombinaciji sa SQL agregatnim funkcijama ili da bi se uklonili dupli redovi iz skupa rezultata. WHERE se primenjuje pre GROUP BY klauzule.</li> <li>HAVING se koristi za filtriranje redova koje proističu iz GROUP BY klauzule. Zato što deluju na rezultate GROUP BY klauzule, agregatne funkcije se mogu koristiti u HAVING klauzuli.</li> <li>ORDER BY klauzula, identifikuje koje kolone se koriste za sortiranje podatke, i u kom nizu treba da se sortiraju (opcije su rastućem ili opadajućem).</li></ul> <p><br /> Primer upita koji vraća listu odličnih učenika( onih koji imaju prosek 4,50 ili veći).Lista će biti sortiranu po prezimenu učenika. Zvezdica ("*") označava da će biti prkazane sve kolone iz tabele Ucenici. </p> <div style="font-size:12px"> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ucenici</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ProsecnaOcena</span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">50</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ORDER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ucenici</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Prezime</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manipulacija_podacima">Manipulacija podacima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Manipulacija podacima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Manipulacija podacima"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Data_Manipulation_Language&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Data Manipulation Language (stranica ne postoji)">Data Manipulation Language</a> (DML) je podskup SQL-a,koji se koristi za dodavanje, menjanje i brisanje podataka:<br /> </p> <ul><li>INSERT komanda, dodaje redove u tabelu. U sledećem primeru u tabelu Ucenici se dodaje nov učenik:<br /></li></ul> <div style="font-size:12px"> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ucenici</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Ime</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Prezime</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ProsecnaOcena</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VALUES</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Petar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;Petrović&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">85</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>UPDATE komanda menja postojeće podatke u tabeli. U sledećem primeru menja se prosečna ocena učenika:<br /></li></ul> <div style="font-size:12px"> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">UPDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ucenici</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ProsecnaOcena</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">90</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Prezime</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;Petrović&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>DELETE komanda briše redove iz tabele. U sledećem primeru brišemo učenika sa imenom Petar:<br /></li></ul> <div style="font-size:12px"> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ucenici</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Ime</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;Petar&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_intro.asp">w3school</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/en/us/default.aspx">Microsoft SQL Server</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sql.org/">SQL.org</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐77cffc86c8‐jqx6n Cached time: 20241112182917 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.030 seconds Real time usage: 0.402 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 51/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2966/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key shwiki:pcache:idhash:141686-0!canonical!sh-latn and timestamp 20241112182917 and revision id 41265877. 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