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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_and_territorial_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_and_territorial_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>State and territorial politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_and_territorial_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Federal politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Federal_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Federal politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Federal_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._Representative_(1965–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Representative_(1965–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>U.S. Representative (1965–1977)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Representative_(1965–1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Assistant_Secretary_of_State_(1977–1978)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Assistant_Secretary_of_State_(1977–1978)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>U.S. Assistant Secretary of State (1977–1978)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Assistant_Secretary_of_State_(1977–1978)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_the_private_sector_(1980–1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_the_private_sector_(1980–1987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Return to the private sector (1980–1987)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_the_private_sector_(1980–1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Congress_(1990–2002)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Congress_(1990–2002)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Return to Congress (1990–2002)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Congress_(1990–2002)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Selected works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Patsy Mink</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83" title="باتسي مينك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتسي مينك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petsi_Mink" title="Petsi Mink – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Petsi Mink" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="پاتسی مینک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاتسی مینک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patsy Mink" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="پتسی مینک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتسی مینک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patsy Mink" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patsy Mink" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patsy Mink" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Patsy Mink" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83" title="باتسى مينك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باتسى مينك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="パッツイー・ミンク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パッツイー・ミンク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Patsy Mink" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Takemoto_Mink" title="Patsy Takemoto Mink – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patsy Takemoto Mink" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Patsy Mink" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Patsy Mink" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%DA%A9" title="پاٹسی منک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاٹسی منک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%BE" title="竹本松 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="竹本松" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q399235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1927–2002)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Patsy Mink</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Patsy_Mink_1994_portrait_(cropped).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of a woman in a blue suit adorned with a pearl necklace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Patsy_Mink_1994_portrait_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Patsy_Mink_1994_portrait_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Patsy_Mink_1994_portrait_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Patsy_Mink_1994_portrait_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Patsy_Mink_1994_portrait_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Patsy_Mink_1994_portrait_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3946" data-file-height="5100" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1994</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 22, 1990 – September 28, 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Daniel Akaka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Case" title="Ed Case">Ed Case</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Hawaii02 !"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gill_(politician)" title="Thomas Gill (politician)">Thomas Gill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Daniel Akaka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="HawaiiAL !"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's at-large congressional district">At-large Seat B</a></span> (1965–1971)<br /><span data-sort-value="Hawaii02 !"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span> (1971–1977)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_City_Council" title="Honolulu City Council">Honolulu City Council</a><br />from the 9th district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 1, 1982 – December 1, 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">John DeSoto</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Oceans_and_International_Environmental_and_Scientific_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 28, 1977 – May 1, 1978</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Irving" title="Frederick Irving">Frederick Irving</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Pickering" title="Thomas R. Pickering">Thomas R. Pickering</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Caucus_Vice-Chairman_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives">Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonor_Sullivan" title="Leonor Sullivan">Leonor Sullivan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Patsy Matsu Takemoto</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-12-06</span>)</span>December 6, 1927<br />Hāmākua Poko, <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Hawaii Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">September 28, 2002<span style="display:none">(2002-09-28)</span> (aged 74)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/National_Cemetery_of_the_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cemetery of the Pacific">National Cemetery of the Pacific</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">John Mink</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wilson_College_(Pennsylvania)" title="Wilson College (Pennsylvania)">Wilson College</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska%E2%80%93Lincoln" title="University of Nebraska–Lincoln">University of Nebraska–Lincoln</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_M%C4%81noa" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa">University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Patsy_Mink_on_the_Legacy_of_Mike_Masaoka.ogg" title="File:Rep. Patsy Mink on the Legacy of Mike Masaoka.ogg">Patsy Mink's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="459" data-mwtitle="Rep._Patsy_Mink_on_the_Legacy_of_Mike_Masaoka.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Rep._Patsy_Mink_on_the_Legacy_of_Mike_Masaoka.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Rep._Patsy_Mink_on_the_Legacy_of_Mike_Masaoka.ogg/Rep._Patsy_Mink_on_the_Legacy_of_Mike_Masaoka.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Patsy Mink honors <a href="/wiki/Japanese-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese-American">Japanese-American</a> lobbyist <a href="/wiki/Mike_Masaoka" title="Mike Masaoka">Mike Masaoka</a><br />Recorded July 25, 1991</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Patsy Matsu Mink</b> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a></span> <b>Takemoto</b>; <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">竹本マツ</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> December 6, 1927 – September 28, 2002) was an American attorney and politician from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. She served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> for 24 years as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, initially from 1965 to 1977, and again from 1990 until her death in 2002. She was the first <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">woman of color</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian-American</a> woman elected to Congress, and is known for her work on legislation advancing women's rights and education. </p><p>Mink was a third-generation <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese American</a>, having been born and raised on the island of <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a>. After graduating as <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maui_High_School" title="Maui High School">Maui High School</a> class in 1944, she attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_M%C4%81noa" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa">University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa</a> for two years and subsequently enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nebraska">University of Nebraska</a>, where she experienced racism and worked to have <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">segregation</a> <a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">policies</a> eliminated. After illness forced her to return to Hawaii to complete her studies there, she applied to 12 medical schools to continue her education but was rejected by all of them. Following a suggestion by her employer, she opted to study law and was accepted at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School">University of Chicago Law School</a> in 1948. While there, she met and married a graduate student in geology, John Francis Mink. When they graduated in 1951, Patsy Mink was unable to find employment and after the birth of their daughter in 1952, the couple moved to Hawaii. </p><p>When she was refused the right to take the bar examination, due to the loss of her Hawaiian territorial residency upon marriage, Mink challenged the statute. Though she won the right to take the test and passed the examination, she could not find public or private employment because she was married and had a child. Mink's father helped her open her own practice in 1953 and around the same time she became a member of the Democratic Party. Hoping to work legislatively to change discriminatory customs through law, she worked as an attorney for the Hawaiian territorial legislature in 1955. The following year, she ran for a seat in the territorial <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_House_of_Representatives" title="Hawaii House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. Winning the race, she became the first Japanese-American woman to serve in the territorial House and two years later, the first woman to serve in the territorial <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Senate" title="Hawaii Senate">Senate</a>, when she won her campaign for the upper house. In 1960, Mink gained national attention when she spoke in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights platform</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a> in Los Angeles. In 1962 she was elected to the new <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Senate" title="Hawaii Senate">Hawaii State Senate</a> becoming the first Asian-American Woman to be elected and serve in a state legislature in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, Mink ran for federal office and won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. She served a total of 12 terms (24 years), split between representing Hawaii's <a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's at-large congressional district">at-large</a> congressional district from 1965 to 1977 and <a href="/wiki/Second_Congressional_District_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Congressional District of Hawaii">second</a> congressional district from 1990 to 2002. While in Congress in the late 1960s, she introduced the first comprehensive initiatives under the <a href="/wiki/Early_Childhood_Education_Act" title="Early Childhood Education Act">Early Childhood Education Act</a>, which included the first federal child-care bill and worked on the <a href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act" title="Elementary and Secondary Education Act">Elementary and Secondary Education Act</a> of 1965. In 1970, she became the first person to oppose a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> nominee on the basis of discrimination against women. Mink initiated a lawsuit which led to significant changes to presidential authority under the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> in 1971. In 1972, she co-authored the <a href="/wiki/Title_IX" title="Title IX">Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later renamed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act in 2002. </p><p>Mink was the first East Asian-American woman to seek the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party. She ran in the <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972 election</a>, entering the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1972">Oregon primary</a> as an anti-war candidate. She was the federal <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Oceans_and_International_Environmental_and_Scientific_Affairs" title="Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs</a> from 1977 to 1979. From 1980 to 1982, Mink served as the president of <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a> and then returned to <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, where she was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_City_Council" title="Honolulu City Council">Honolulu City Council</a>, which she chaired until 1985. In 1990, she was again elected to the U.S. House, serving until her death in 2002. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_background">Family background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Patsy Matsu Takemoto was born on December 6, 1927, at the sugar plantation camp, <a href="/wiki/Hamakuapoko,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamakuapoko, Hawaii">Hāmākua Poko</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Paia,_Hawaii" title="Paia, Hawaii">Paia</a>, on the island of <a href="/wiki/Maui" title="Maui">Maui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003572_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003572-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a <i><a href="/wiki/Sansei" title="Sansei">sansei</a></i>, or third-generation descendant of Japanese immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENomura1998288,_290_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENomura1998288,_290-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother, Mitama Tateyama, was a <a href="/wiki/Homemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Homemaker">homemaker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the daughter of Gojiro Tateyama and Tsuru Wakashige.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFamilySearch1905_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFamilySearch1905-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their family, which had 11 children, lived in a <a href="/wiki/Shack" title="Shack">shack</a> by the Waikamoi Stream. William Pogue, Gojiro's employer, arranged to have Tateyama's daughters educated at the Maunaolu Seminary, a <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> for <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> girls located in the town of <a href="/wiki/Makawao,_Hawaii" title="Makawao, Hawaii">Makawao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Takemoto's maternal grandparents were both born in the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFamilySearch1933_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFamilySearch1933-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gojiro Tateyama arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Territory of Hawaii</a> late in the century, and was employed on a <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> <a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii">plantation</a>. He later moved to Maui, where he was initially employed as a worker for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Maui_Irrigation_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Maui Irrigation Company (page does not exist)">East Maui Irrigation Company</a>. Subsequently, he was employed as a <a href="/wiki/Store_manager" title="Store manager">store manager</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filling_station" title="Filling station">filling station</a> employee. He also delivered mail throughout the <a href="/wiki/Backcountry" title="Backcountry">backcountry</a> of Maui.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her father, Suematsu Takemoto, was a <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">civil engineer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_M%C4%81noa" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa">University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa</a> in 1922, the first Japanese American to graduate from the University of Hawaii with a degree in civil engineering. For several years, he was the only Japanese-American civil engineer working at the sugar plantation in Maui.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003573_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003573-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suematsu was passed over for promotion to chief engineer several times during his career, the positions instead being offered to mostly <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">white Americans</a>. He resigned his local position in 1945 in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu, Hawaii">Honolulu</a> with his family, where he established his own <a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">land surveying company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years_and_education">Early years and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Takemoto began her education at the Hāmākua Poko Grammar School when she was four and then transferred in 4th grade to the Kaunoa English Standard School<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a mostly-white school attended only by students who could speak English and pass the entrance examination. She felt isolated and found the atmosphere unfriendly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003576_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003576-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She entered <a href="/wiki/Maui_High_School" title="Maui High School">Maui High School</a> one year before Honolulu was <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attacked by Japan</a>. Despite the local Japanese being treated as if they were enemies, Takemoto ran for and won her first election, becoming student body president in her senior year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003577_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003577-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the first girl to serve as president of the student body<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201246_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201246-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and graduated as class <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003578_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003578-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Hawaii_Oratorical_Contest_Winners_1948.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a group of four young women standing between two young men." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/University_of_Hawaii_Oratorical_Contest_Winners_1948.png/220px-University_of_Hawaii_Oratorical_Contest_Winners_1948.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/University_of_Hawaii_Oratorical_Contest_Winners_1948.png/330px-University_of_Hawaii_Oratorical_Contest_Winners_1948.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/University_of_Hawaii_Oratorical_Contest_Winners_1948.png/440px-University_of_Hawaii_Oratorical_Contest_Winners_1948.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>University of Hawaii Oratorical Contest Winners 1948 – L-R: front, Esther Belarmino, 3rd place; Patsy Takemoto, 1st place; Eichi Oki, finalist; back, Barry Rubin, finalist; Alice Mayo, finalist; and <a href="/wiki/Jean_King" title="Jean King">Jean McKillop</a>, 2nd place</figcaption></figure> <p>Takemoto moved to Honolulu where she attended the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa with medical school and a career in medicine her ultimate goal. During her sophomore year, she was elected president of the Pre-Medical Students Club and was selected as a member of the varsity debate team. In 1946, she decided to move to the mainland and spent one semester enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Wilson_College_(Pennsylvania)" title="Wilson College (Pennsylvania)">Wilson College</a>, a small women's college in <a href="/wiki/Chambersburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Chambersburg, Pennsylvania">Chambersburg, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003578_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003578-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unsatisfied with the school, Takemoto transferred to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nebraska">University of Nebraska</a>. The university had a long-standing <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> policy whereby students of color lived in different dormitories from the <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> students. This angered Takemoto, and she organized and created a coalition of students, parents, administrators, employees, alumni, sponsoring businesses and corporations. She was elected president of the Unaffiliated Students of the University of Nebraska, a "separate" student government for non-white students who were prevented from joining fraternities, sororities, and regular dormitories. Takemoto and her coalition successfully lobbied to end the university's segregation policies the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003579_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003579-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although her campaign was successful, in 1947 Takemoto experienced a serious thyroid condition that required surgery and moved back to Honolulu to recover and finish her final year of college at the University of Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, she earned <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degrees</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> from the university.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She began applying to medical schools, but none of the dozen schools to which she applied would accept her because she was a woman, especially as they were receiving large numbers of applications from returning veterans. She briefly worked as a typist at <a href="/wiki/Hickam_Air_Force_Base" title="Hickam Air Force Base">Hickam Air Force Base</a> and then went to work at the <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu Academy of Arts">Honolulu Academy of Arts</a>. Her supervisor there, Jessie Purdy Restarick, encouraged her to consider a career in law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Takemoto applied to both <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School">University of Chicago Law School</a> in the summer of 1948. Columbia rejected her outright, as the term was starting within months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University of Chicago admitted her as a foreign student<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003581_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003581-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there was only one other woman in her class. Although she had a difficult time adjusting to the harsh winters<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201246_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201246-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and found her courses tedious, Takemoto became a popular figure at the International House.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003581_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003581-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While playing <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">bridge</a> there one evening, she met John Francis Mink, a former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> navigator and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> veteran,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorreca2005C5_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorreca2005C5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was enrolled in geology classes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201248-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Against her parents' wishes, she and Mink married in January 1951, six months after meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That spring, she obtained her <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> degree<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and John graduated as well, with a master's degree in geology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201248-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unable to find work as a married, female, Asian-American attorney, Mink returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library while her husband found work immediately with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel" title="U.S. Steel">United States Steel Corporation</a>. In 1952, she gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who later became an educator and prominent author on law, poverty, and women's issues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201246_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201246-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August the family decided to move to Hawaii where John found work with the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Sugar_Planters%27_Association" title="Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association">Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To practice law, Mink needed to pass her bar examination, but when she applied her residency was questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582–583_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582–583-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territorial law, in force at the time regarding married women, had removed her Hawaiian residency, making her a resident of her husband's state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proving that she had never resided in her husband's home state of Pennsylvania, she challenged the territorial law as <a href="/wiki/Sexist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexist">sexist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582–583_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582–583-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Hawaii" title="Attorney General of Hawaii">Hawaii's attorney general</a> ruled in her favor and allowed her to take the examination as a Hawaii resident.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passing the test, Mink became "the first Japanese-American woman licensed to practice law in Hawaii".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGootman2002_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGootman2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Democratic_Club_of_Hawaii_1954.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a young woman looking at a paper, surrounded by four men." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Young_Democratic_Club_of_Hawaii_1954.png/220px-Young_Democratic_Club_of_Hawaii_1954.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Young_Democratic_Club_of_Hawaii_1954.png/330px-Young_Democratic_Club_of_Hawaii_1954.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Young_Democratic_Club_of_Hawaii_1954.png/440px-Young_Democratic_Club_of_Hawaii_1954.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Young Democratic Club of Hawaii 1954: – L-R: seated Representative <a href="/wiki/O._Vincent_Esposito" title="O. Vincent Esposito">O. Vincent Esposito</a>, Patsy Mink (chair), and Senator William H. Heen; standing, Duke Cahill (secretary) and W. C. Wong (vice-chair)</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite passing the bar exam in June 1953, Mink continued to face discrimination as she sought employment as an attorney. No firms in the private or public sector, even those headed by Japanese Americans, were willing to hire a married woman with a child.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201248-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of her father, she established a private firm and began teaching law courses at the University of Hawaii to earn money while she built her practice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the opening of her firm, Mink became the first Asian-American woman to practice law in the Hawaiian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201246_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201246-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her firm took cases in <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">family law</a>, which other firms typically avoided.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She began to be active in politics<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and founded the Everyman Organization, a group that served as the hub of the Young Democrats club on Oahu. She was elected "chairman of the territory-wide Young Democrats", which according to Esther K. Arinaga and Renee E. Ojiri was "a group that would wield a remarkable influence over Hawaiian politics for several decades".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_and_territorial_politics">State and territorial politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: State and territorial politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, Mink worked on the congressional campaign of <a href="/wiki/John_A._Burns" title="John A. Burns">John A. Burns</a>, though he lost the race.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, she worked as staff attorney during the 1955 legislative session and drafted statutes, while observing the inner-workings of the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003583-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Territory of Hawaii debated statehood in 1956, Mink was elected to the Hawaiian Territorial Legislature<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> representing the Fifth District in the territorial <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_House_of_Representatives" title="Hawaii House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. Surprising the Democratic party leadership with her win,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003585_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003585-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she became the first woman with Japanese ancestry to serve in the territorial House. Two years later, she was the first woman to serve in the territorial <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Senate" title="Hawaii Senate">Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003586_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003586-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state of the Union and Mink ran in the Democratic primary for the state's at-large <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. congressional</a> seat. She was defeated by Territorial Senator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999247_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999247-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''1959a23_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''1959a23-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''1959b3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''1959b3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1962 to 1964, Mink served in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii State Senate">Hawaii State Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003587_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003587-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Portrait_of_the_Hawaii_Territorial_Senate,_1958.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of 24 men both standing and seated surrounding a lone seated woman, in front of an American flag hanging between two Hawaiian flags" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Official_Portrait_of_the_Hawaii_Territorial_Senate%2C_1958.png/220px-Official_Portrait_of_the_Hawaii_Territorial_Senate%2C_1958.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Official_Portrait_of_the_Hawaii_Territorial_Senate%2C_1958.png/330px-Official_Portrait_of_the_Hawaii_Territorial_Senate%2C_1958.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Official_Portrait_of_the_Hawaii_Territorial_Senate%2C_1958.png/440px-Official_Portrait_of_the_Hawaii_Territorial_Senate%2C_1958.png 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Mink, the sole woman in the 1958 Hawaii Territorial Senate</figcaption></figure> <p>During her time in the territorial legislature, Mink was known for her liberal positions and independent decision-making.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003586_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003586-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985184_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985184-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On her first day in office as a congresswoman in 1955, she submitted a successful resolution protesting British nuclear testing in the Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999247_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999247-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dealing with a broad spectrum of socio-economic issues, she worked on legislation covering education, employment, housing, poverty, and taxation. She authored a bill in 1957 to grant "equal pay for equal work", regardless of gender, and was a staunch supporter of improving education, supporting legislation to increase per capita spending to better provide for children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003586_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003586-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''19572_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''19572-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, Mink became vice-president of the National Young Democratic Clubs of America and worked on the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a>'s Platform Committee drafting team.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999247_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999247-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year at the <a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">national convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, she gained recognition when she spoke on the party's position in regard to civil rights. She urged that equal opportunity and equal protection be afforded to all Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201248-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motions to restrict the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights platform</a> made by North Carolina Senator <a href="/wiki/Sam_Ervin" title="Sam Ervin">Sam Ervin</a> were defeated and a platform to ensure equal rights and equal protection under the law to all citizens passed with the approval of two-thirds of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts196044-45_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts196044-45-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress200820_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress200820-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_politics">Federal politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Federal politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington,_D.C._Women_members_of_United_States_Congress,_Seated,_Senator_Maurine_Newberger,_Oregon,_Representative..._-_NARA_-_541939.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A group photograph of 12 women, three sitting and 9 standing, wearing business dresses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Washington%2C_D.C._Women_members_of_United_States_Congress%2C_Seated%2C_Senator_Maurine_Newberger%2C_Oregon%2C_Representative..._-_NARA_-_541939.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Washington%2C_D.C._Women_members_of_United_States_Congress%2C_Seated%2C_Senator_Maurine_Newberger%2C_Oregon%2C_Representative..._-_NARA_-_541939.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Washington%2C_D.C._Women_members_of_United_States_Congress%2C_Seated%2C_Senator_Maurine_Newberger%2C_Oregon%2C_Representative..._-_NARA_-_541939.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Washington%2C_D.C._Women_members_of_United_States_Congress%2C_Seated%2C_Senator_Maurine_Newberger%2C_Oregon%2C_Representative..._-_NARA_-_541939.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Washington%2C_D.C._Women_members_of_United_States_Congress%2C_Seated%2C_Senator_Maurine_Newberger%2C_Oregon%2C_Representative..._-_NARA_-_541939.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Washington%2C_D.C._Women_members_of_United_States_Congress%2C_Seated%2C_Senator_Maurine_Newberger%2C_Oregon%2C_Representative..._-_NARA_-_541939.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption>1965 Congresswomen — L-R: Seated, Senator <a href="/wiki/Maurine_Neuberger" title="Maurine Neuberger">Maurine Neuberger</a>, Oregon; Representative <a href="/wiki/Frances_Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Bolton">Frances Bolton</a>, Ohio; Senator <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a>, Maine; Standing, Representatives, <a href="/wiki/Florence_Dwyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Dwyer">Florence Dwyer</a>, New Jersey; <a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Griffiths</a>, Michigan; <a href="/wiki/Edith_Green" title="Edith Green">Edith Green</a>, Oregon; Patsy Mink, Hawaii; <a href="/wiki/Leonor_Sullivan" title="Leonor Sullivan">Leonor Sullivan</a>, Missouri; <a href="/wiki/Julia_Hansen" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia Hansen">Julia Hansen</a>, Washington; <a href="/wiki/Edna_Kelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Edna Kelly">Edna Kelly</a>, New York; and <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Reid" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Reid">Charlotte Reid</a>, Illinois.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Representative_(1965–1977)"><span id="U.S._Representative_.281965.E2.80.931977.29"></span>U.S. Representative (1965–1977)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: U.S. Representative (1965–1977)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deciding to vie for a federal seat, Mink campaigned and won a post in the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1964 United States House of Representatives elections">U.S. House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003587_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003587-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, she became the first woman from Hawaii elected to Congress,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhao200975_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhao200975-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">woman of color</a> elected to the House,<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemocratic_National_Committee2007_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemocratic_National_Committee2007-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "youngest member from the youngest state, as well as the first Japanese-American woman member in Congress".<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985184_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985184-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serving six consecutive terms, she was in office from 1965 to 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985184_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985184-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her independent nature continued to guide her decisions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201249_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201249-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she focused on issues that had been important to her in the Hawaiian legislature, such as children, education, and gender equality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201248-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mink supported the <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> programs of President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, though she was openly critical of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass2017_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlass2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeking and attaining a post on the Committee on Education and Labor, on which she would serve throughout her first tenure (1965–1977), Mink introduced in the late 1960s the first comprehensive initiatives under the <a href="/wiki/Early_Childhood_Education_Act" title="Early Childhood Education Act">Early Childhood Education Act</a>, which included the first federal child-care bill and bills establishing bilingual education, <a href="/wiki/Head_Start_(program)" title="Head Start (program)">Head Start</a>, school lunch programs, <a href="/wiki/Special_education" title="Special education">special education</a>, student loans, and teacher sabbaticals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201248-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also worked on the <a href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act" title="Elementary and Secondary Education Act">Elementary and Secondary Education Act</a> of 1965 and bills promoting adult education, Asian studies, career guidance programs, and vocational education. Her day-care bill proposed in 1967, was the first bill of its kind to pass both houses of Congress. Passed in 1971, the bill was vetoed by President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003588_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003588-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her second term, during the <a href="/wiki/90th_United_States_Congress" title="90th United States Congress">90th Congress</a>, Mink was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Interior_and_Insular_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs">Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patsy_Mink_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of a man and a woman wearing leis waving to the photographer standing on the landing of a Pan Am Airlines boarding ramp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Patsy_Mink_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/200px-Patsy_Mink_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Patsy_Mink_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/300px-Patsy_Mink_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Patsy_Mink_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/400px-Patsy_Mink_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Mink with Lyndon Johnson after his trip to Hawaii for a conference on the Vietnam War, February 1966</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1970, Mink became the first Democratic woman to deliver a <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union#Opposition_response" title="State of the Union">State of the Union</a> response and only the second woman to respond to the address.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodruff2015_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodruff2015-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, she was the first witness to testify against President Nixon's <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/G._Harrold_Carswell" title="G. Harrold Carswell">George Harrold Carswell</a>. In her testimony, she cited his refusal to hear the case brought to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th Circuit Court of Appeals</a> regarding Ida Phillips' employment discrimination case. Phillips had been denied a position because she was a woman with children and Mink's objection highlighted, for the first time in an evaluation of a court nominee, the inequalities faced by working women. Carswell would eventually be rejected by the Senate. <a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Harry Blackmun</a>, who wrote the majority opinion in <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i>, would later be confirmed instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mink sued the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> in 1971, to obtain copies of documents that were being withheld by Nixon's office with regard to nuclear testing on <a href="/wiki/Amchitka_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Amchitka Island">Amchitka Island</a>. Believing that under the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> agency reports connected to the test should be released, she led 32 congress members in the attempt to secure the reports. The District Court ruled that the documents "were exempt from compelled disclosure" and the test was performed in November 1971. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Court of Appeals</a> reversed the decision of the lower court ruling that an <i><a href="/wiki/In_camera" title="In camera">in camera</a></i> inspection of sensitive documents might determine that some could be released. Escalated to the Supreme Court, the decision issued reversed the appeals decision and confirmed that court inspection could not override the executive's exemption. The Court did allow that Congress could change the law with regard to the regulation of executive actions. In 1974, Congress authorized private scrutiny of documents withheld by the executive. President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> vetoed the legislation, but his veto was overridden by Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003588–589_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003588–589-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Frustrated by the roll-backs by the Nixon administration of civil liberties and the continuance of the Vietnam War, Mink entered the presidential race in 1971 hoping to become the Democratic Party's nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003590_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003590-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the first Asian-American woman to run for president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEttingerMcDowell2020_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEttingerMcDowell2020-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Hawaii had no primary, her name appeared on the Oregon ballot for 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003590_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003590-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an anti-war candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKua2002_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKua2002-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her campaign, she flew to Paris with <a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a>, U.S. Representative of New York, to press for the resumption of <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">peace talks</a>. Arriving in April, the women met with <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_B%C3%ACnh" title="Nguyễn Thị Bình">Nguyễn Thị Bình</a>, foreign minister for <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>, as well as representatives for the <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnamese</a> and United States governments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003590_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003590-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her actions drew strong criticism, fostering a campaign by Democrats in her home state to oppose her next term in Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May, she lost the presidential primary, failing to secure enough delegates to support her candidacy, earning only 2% of the 50 potential delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003590_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003590-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalsh19721_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalsh19721-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patsy_Mink_1970s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photographic portrait of a smiling Asian woman in a sleeveless blouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Patsy_Mink_1970s.jpg/220px-Patsy_Mink_1970s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Patsy_Mink_1970s.jpg/330px-Patsy_Mink_1970s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Patsy_Mink_1970s.jpg/440px-Patsy_Mink_1970s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2514" data-file-height="3501" /></a><figcaption>1972 campaign poster image from the Patsy Mink for President Committee</figcaption></figure> <p>Mink co-authored and advocated for the passage of <a href="/wiki/Title_IX_Amendment_of_the_Higher_Education_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act">Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act</a>, prohibiting gender discrimination by federally funded institutions of higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Nixon signed the Act into law in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also introduced the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Educational_Equity_Act" title="Women's Educational Equity Act">Women's Educational Equity Act</a> of 1974,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass2017_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlass2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which allocated funds for the promotion of gender equity in schools. The law opened employment and education opportunities for women and opposed gender stereotypes in curricula and textbooks.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201248-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to her work on education issues, Mink promoted numerous laws that dealt with other issues important to women. These included the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Product_Safety_Act" title="Consumer Product Safety Act">Consumer Product Safety</a> and Equal Employment Opportunity Acts of 1972; the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Credit_Opportunity_Act" title="Equal Credit Opportunity Act">Equal Credit Opportunity Act</a> of 1974;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and various bills dealing with discrimination in insurance practices, pensions, retirement benefits, social security, survivor's benefits and taxation; equitable jury service; health care issues; housing discrimination based on marital status; and privacy issues. In 1973, she authored and introduced the Equal Rights for Women Act (H.R. 4034), which never made it out of committee, and she supported the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._Congress2002_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._Congress2002-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, Mink attended the <a href="/wiki/World_Conference_on_Women,_1975" title="World Conference on Women, 1975">World Conference on Women</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> from mid-June to early July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077_47-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20077-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with Abzug and Representative <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Margaret Heckler</a> of Massachusetts, she pledged to sponsor and support legislation for a U.S. women's conference for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">United States Bicentennial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Charlotte_News''19755A_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Charlotte_News''19755A-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they returned home, Abzug introduced HR 9924, co-sponsored by Mink and others, which granted $5 million in total taxpayer contributions ($28.3 million in 2023 dollars) for both state and <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Women's Conference">National Women's Conferences</a>. It was signed into law by President Ford.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._Congress1975_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._Congress1975-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThreinen2001_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThreinen2001-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, an effort was made to exempt school athletics from the provisions of Title IX via the Casey Amendment. The Amendment proposed allowing schools to determine whether they would provide equal funding for men's and women's sporting activities. The exemption was struck from the Senate version of the appropriations bill. In the House, though Mink had lobbied heavily against the amendment to the appropriations bill (H.R. 5901), immediately before the vote was called she left the chamber, having received an emergency message that her daughter had been in a serious car accident in New York. In a 211 against and 212 for vote, the appropriation bill passed with the Casey Amendment intact. Upon her return from New York, Speaker <a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a> of Oklahoma and other members of the House called for a revote due to the circumstances. July 17 members revoted and with 215 in favor to 178 against, the Casey Amendment was rejected; so protecting the anti-discrimination provisions of Title IX.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Lansing_State_Journal''1975C3_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Lansing_State_Journal''1975C3-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout her tenure, Mink was involved in many congressional activities, including serving as vice-chair of the Democratic Study Group from 1966 through 1971. In 1968, she served as chair of the House-Senate Ad Hoc Committee on Poverty. From 1972 to 1976, she served on the House Budget Committee, chaired the Insular Affairs Subcommittee on mines and mining from 1973 to 1977 and from 1975 to 1976 was part of the Select Committee on the Outer Continental Shelf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, learning that she had been given the experimental drug <a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">diethylstilbestrol</a>, during her pregnancy, which unwittingly placed both her and her daughter at risk of developing cancer, Mink brought a <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class action lawsuit</a> against <a href="/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company" title="Eli Lilly and Company">Eli Lilly and Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. The settlement entitled all 1,000 women affected, and their children, to free lifetime diagnostic testing and treatment at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Medical_Center" title="University of Chicago Medical Center">Chicago Lying-In Clinic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201249_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201249-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003592_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003592-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, she also filed a complaint with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> which successfully required radio stations to provide equal air time to opposing views.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999249_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999249-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mink introduced the <a href="/wiki/Surface_Mining_Control_and_Reclamation_Act_of_1977" title="Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977">Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act</a>, which was enacted in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248_51-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1975 to 1977, during the <a href="/wiki/94th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="94th Congress">94th Congress</a>, she was elected to a position in the House Democratic leadership, as <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Caucus_Vice_Chairman_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman of the United States House of Representatives">Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Clerk2011_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Clerk2011-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Assistant_Secretary_of_State_(1977–1978)"><span id="U.S._Assistant_Secretary_of_State_.281977.E2.80.931978.29"></span>U.S. Assistant Secretary of State (1977–1978)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: U.S. Assistant Secretary of State (1977–1978)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, Mink gave up her seat in Congress to run for a vacancy in the United States Senate created by the retirement of Senator <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">Hiram Fong</a>. After she lost the <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary election</a> for the Senate seat to Hawaii's other U.S. Representative, <a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">Spark Matsunaga</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> appointed Mink as <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Oceans_and_International_Environmental_and_Scientific_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003592_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003592-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She worked on environmental issues such as <a href="/wiki/Deep_sea_mining" title="Deep sea mining">deep sea mining</a>, toxic waste, and whale protection, holding the post from March 1977 to May 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248_51-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_the_private_sector_(1980–1987)"><span id="Return_to_the_private_sector_.281980.E2.80.931987.29"></span>Return to the private sector (1980–1987)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Return to the private sector (1980–1987)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mink resigned from the Carter Administration in 1980, accepting a position as president of the <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a> in Washington, D. C. She was the first woman to head the national organization and served three consecutive one-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003593_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003593-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returning to Honolulu, she was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_City_Council" title="Honolulu City Council">Honolulu City Council</a> in 1983, serving as Chair until 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was regularly on opposite sides to the Republican Mayor of Honolulu <a href="/wiki/Frank_Fasi" title="Frank Fasi">Frank Fasi</a>, who was elected in 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003593_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003593-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though she remained on the council until 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986 she ran for governor of Hawaii and in 1988 for mayor of Honolulu, but was not successful in either bid for office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248_51-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999248-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she left the city council, Mink began working for The Public Reporter, a watchdog committee that monitored and published reports on voting records and pending legislation. She also led the Hawaii Coalition on Global Affairs, a group which sponsored public lectures and workshops on international issues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViotti1989B1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViotti1989B1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Congress_(1990–2002)"><span id="Return_to_Congress_.281990.E2.80.932002.29"></span>Return to Congress (1990–2002)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Return to Congress (1990–2002)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Formation_of_the_Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of a woman standing at a podium, behind whom are a group of four men and one woman standing against a draped wall with a bookcase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Formation_of_the_Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus.jpg/270px-Formation_of_the_Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Formation_of_the_Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus.jpg/405px-Formation_of_the_Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Formation_of_the_Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus.jpg/540px-Formation_of_the_Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3402" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Mink announcing the formation of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1990, Mink was elected to complete the remaining term of her successor in the House, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Daniel Akaka</a>. Akaka had been appointed to the Senate to succeed Matsunaga, who had recently died in office. She was elected to a full term six weeks later, and subsequently was reelected six times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003594_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003594-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, she opposed the <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">Supreme Court nominee</a> <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>. When the Senate Judiciary Committee denied <a href="/wiki/Anita_Hill" title="Anita Hill">Anita Hill</a> the opportunity to give testimony, Mink, and other congresswomen, including <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Barbara Boxer</a> of California, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a> of New York, and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a> of Colorado, marched to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol</a> to protest the decision. Their protest was carried on the front page of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and Hill was later allowed to testify.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her second tenure as a House member, Mink worked to revive protections in the socio-economic programs she had worked for in her first six terms, which had been scaled back by subsequent administrations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass2017_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlass2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1990 to 1993, she worked on legislation sponsoring the Ovarian Cancer Research Act and amendments to the Higher Education Act. In 1992, she was honored by the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a> with the Margaret Brent Women Lawyers Achievement Award for professional excellence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999249_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999249-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She co-sponsored the Gender Equity Act of 1993, pressed for universal health care,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass2017_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlass2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and introduced a bill to protect reproductive decisions as an individual right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks200711_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks200711-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._Congress2002_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._Congress2002-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She worked on legislation regarding displaced homemakers, minimum wage increases, occupational safety, pay inequality, and violence against women.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks200711_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks200711-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patsy_Mink_speaking_1993.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photograph of an Asian woman speaking at a podium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Patsy_Mink_speaking_1993.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Patsy_Mink_speaking_1993.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Patsy_Mink_speaking_1993.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Patsy_Mink_speaking_1993.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Patsy_Mink_speaking_1993.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Patsy_Mink_speaking_1993.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3101" data-file-height="4591" /></a><figcaption>Mink speaking in Washington in 1993</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1994, Mink and Representative <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mineta" title="Norman Mineta">Norman Mineta</a> of California co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus" title="Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus">Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus</a> for which she became chair in 1995, serving until 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also served as co-chair of the House Democratic Women's Caucus. In 1996, Mink opposed the <a href="/wiki/Personal_Responsibility_and_Work_Opportunity_Act" title="Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act">welfare-reform</a> legislation proposed by the Republican-majority House and supported by the <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She authored the Family Stability and Work Act as an alternative welfare reform measure and repeatedly, though mostly unsuccessfully, lobbied for increased federal safety nets for children and families living in impoverished conditions. She opposed legislation that would limit <a href="/wiki/Product_liability" title="Product liability">liability for product injuries</a> and work place discrimination and objected to the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks200711_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks200711-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a co-sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/DREAM_Act" title="DREAM Act">DREAM Act</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEU.S._Congress2002_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEU.S._Congress2002-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and staunchly opposed the creation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">United States Department of Homeland Security</a>, fearing that it might avert civil liberties and result in another occurrence of policies like the <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">internment camps for Japanese Americans</a> during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGootman2002_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGootman2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mink and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> which <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> narrowly won after a contentious <a href="/wiki/2000_Florida_presidential_election_recount" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Florida presidential election recount">recount</a>. Because no senator joined her objection, the objection was dismissed by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, who was Bush's opponent in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without Florida's electoral votes, the election would have been decided by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each state having one vote in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congresswoman_Patsy_Mink_207-DP-8386B-DSC_0064_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of an Asian woman in an orange blouse and white blazer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Congresswoman_Patsy_Mink_207-DP-8386B-DSC_0064_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Congresswoman_Patsy_Mink_207-DP-8386B-DSC_0064_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Congresswoman_Patsy_Mink_207-DP-8386B-DSC_0064_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Congresswoman_Patsy_Mink_207-DP-8386B-DSC_0064_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Congresswoman_Patsy_Mink_207-DP-8386B-DSC_0064_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Congresswoman_Patsy_Mink_207-DP-8386B-DSC_0064_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Mink, 2002</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 30, 2002, Mink was hospitalized in Honolulu's <a href="/wiki/Straub_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Straub Medical Center">Straub Clinic and Hospital</a> due to complications from <a href="/wiki/Chickenpox" title="Chickenpox">chickenpox</a>. Her condition steadily worsened, and on September 28, 2002, she died in Honolulu of viral <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, at age 74.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGootman2002_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGootman2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recognition of the national mourning of her death, Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> ordered all flags at military institutions lowered to <a href="/wiki/Half-mast" title="Half-mast">half staff</a> in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKua2002_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKua2002-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mink received a national memorial and was honored with a <a href="/wiki/State_funerals_in_the_United_States" title="State funerals in the United States">state funeral</a> held on October 4 in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Capitol" title="Hawaii State Capitol">Hawaii State Capitol Rotunda</a> attended by leaders and members of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDePledge20027_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDePledge20027-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordonNakase20021,_5_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordonNakase20021,_5-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women's groups honored Mink by forming a human <a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">lei</a> of approximately 900 women who surrounded the tent where Mink's casket stood in the capital atrium, while singing Hawaiian songs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoover2002A14_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoover2002A14-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was buried at the <a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Cemetery_of_the_Pacific" title="National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific">National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Punchbowl_Crater" title="Punchbowl Crater">Punchbowl Crater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDePledge20027_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDePledge20027-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordonNakase20021,_5_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordonNakase20021,_5-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mink's death occurred one week after she had won the 2002 primary election, too late for her name to be removed from the general election ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDePledge20027_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDePledge20027-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Los_Angeles_Times''2002_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Los_Angeles_Times''2002-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 5, 2002, Mink was posthumously re-elected to Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''2002_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''2002-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her vacant seat was filled by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Case" title="Ed Case">Ed Case</a> after a special election on January 4, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''CNN''2003_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''CNN''2003-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mink is remembered as a woman who dealt with the personal discrimination she had experienced as a woman and an Asian American by devoting her career to creating public policies to open doors for women and minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordonNakase20021_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordonNakase20021-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobbin20036_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobbin20036-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002 Congress renamed the Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act, which Mink had co-authored, as the "<a href="/wiki/Patsy_T._Mink_Equal_Opportunity_in_Education_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act">Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her papers were donated in 2002 and are housed in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20072_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20072-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003 a scholarship program, the Patsy Takemoto Mink Education Foundation, was established to provide educational funding for low-income women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''2003bB3_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''2003bB3-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, Mink was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobbin20036_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobbin20036-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Scholar-Athlete Hall of Fame of the Institute for International Sport,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''2003aD4_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''2003aD4-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the post office serving the area of Maui in which she grew up was renamed the Patsy Takemoto Mink Post Office Building in her honor, after authorization by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung20033_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung20033-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Patsy_T._Mink_Central_Oahu_Regional_Park" title="Patsy T. Mink Central Oahu Regional Park">Central Oahu Regional Park</a> on <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a> was renamed "Patsy T. Mink Central Oahu Regional Park" in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Hawaii_News_Now''2007_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Hawaii_News_Now''2007-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was honored posthumously with the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on November 24, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Press_Secretary2014_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Press_Secretary2014-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''NBC_News''2014_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''NBC_News''2014-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2022, a portrait of her by <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Sprung" title="Sharon Sprung">Sharon Sprung</a> was unveiled in the U.S. Capitol, where it now hangs.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Patsy_Takemoto_Mink_Womens_Quarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of the 2024 Patsy Takemoto Mink Womens Quarter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2024_Patsy_Takemoto_Mink_Womens_Quarter.jpg/220px-2024_Patsy_Takemoto_Mink_Womens_Quarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2024_Patsy_Takemoto_Mink_Womens_Quarter.jpg/330px-2024_Patsy_Takemoto_Mink_Womens_Quarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2024_Patsy_Takemoto_Mink_Womens_Quarter.jpg/440px-2024_Patsy_Takemoto_Mink_Womens_Quarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><b>2024 Patsy Takemoto Mink Womens Quarter</b></figcaption></figure> <p>Documentary films about Mink's life and role in Title IX include the <i><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink:_Ahead_of_the_Majority" title="Patsy Mink: Ahead of the Majority">Patsy Mink: Ahead of the Majority</a></i> (2008), directed by Kimberlee Bassford and <i>Rise of the Wahine</i> (2014), directed by Dean Kaneshiro.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''2008HIFF10_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''2008HIFF10-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2014F1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2014F1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2008 film highlighted the challenges Mink overcame and how that fueled her work on legislation to help others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''2008HIFF10_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''2008HIFF10-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2014 film told the story of the University of Hawaii's <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Rainbow_Wahine_volleyball" title="Hawaii Rainbow Wahine volleyball">women's volleyball team</a>'s struggle to build a team even after Title IX passed. As the bill was an educational funding law, women's athletic director, <a href="/wiki/Donnis_Thompson" title="Donnis Thompson">Donnis Thompson</a> used it as leverage to expand sporting opportunities at the university in spite of intense opposition. Working together to ensure that lawmakers understood who they were representing, Mink had Thompson bring the team to Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2014F1,_F10_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2014F1,_F10-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2014C1,_C3_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2014C1,_C3-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> honored Mink with the 2024 Patsy Takemoto Mink Quarter, which was the 12th coin released in the <a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women Quarter</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMink1966" class="citation journal cs1">Mink, Patsy (September 1966). "Education—The Vision of America". <i>The School Counselor</i>. <b>14</b> (1). American School Counselor Association: 5–12. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-6536">0036-6536</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5792465172">5792465172</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+School+Counselor&rft.atitle=Education%E2%80%94The+Vision+of+America&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-12&rft.date=1966-09&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5792465172&rft.issn=0036-6536&rft.aulast=Mink&rft.aufirst=Patsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMink1970" class="citation journal cs1">Mink, Patsy (December 1970). "The Status of Women". <i>Educational Horizons</i>. <b>49</b> (2). Pi Lambda Theta: 54–56. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-175X">0013-175X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5792526438">5792526438</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Educational+Horizons&rft.atitle=The+Status+of+Women&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=54-56&rft.date=1970-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5792526438&rft.issn=0013-175X&rft.aulast=Mink&rft.aufirst=Patsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMink1971" class="citation journal cs1">Mink, Patsy (1971). "Micronesia: Our Bungled Trust". <i>Texas International Law Forum</i> (6). University of Texas at Austin: 181–207. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-4381">0040-4381</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16332426">16332426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texas+International+Law+Forum&rft.atitle=Micronesia%3A+Our+Bungled+Trust&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=181-207&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16332426&rft.issn=0040-4381&rft.aulast=Mink&rft.aufirst=Patsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMink1976" class="citation journal cs1">Mink, Patsy (1976). "Energy and Environment: Which Is Undermining Which?". <i>Natural Resources Lawyer</i> (9). American Bar Association: 19–39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2328-3416">2328-3416</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/772508196">772508196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Resources+Lawyer&rft.atitle=Energy+and+Environment%3A+Which+Is+Undermining+Which%3F&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=19-39&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F772508196&rft.issn=2328-3416&rft.aulast=Mink&rft.aufirst=Patsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMink1976" class="citation journal cs1">Mink, Patsy (1976). "Reclamation and Rollcalls: The Political Struggle over Stripmining". <i>Environmental Policy and Law</i>. <b>2</b> (4). Elsevier Science Publishers: 176–180. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976EnvPL...2..176M">1976EnvPL...2..176M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-777X%2876%2980011-X">10.1016/S0378-777X(76)80011-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0378-777X">0378-777X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4933180255">4933180255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Policy+and+Law&rft.atitle=Reclamation+and+Rollcalls%3A+The+Political+Struggle+over+Stripmining&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=176-180&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4933180255&rft.issn=0378-777X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0378-777X%2876%2980011-X&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1976EnvPL...2..176M&rft.aulast=Mink&rft.aufirst=Patsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinkHartmann1994" class="citation journal cs1">Mink, Patsy; <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Hartmann" title="Heidi Hartmann">Hartmann, Heidi I.</a> (Spring 1994). "Wrap-up". <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Justice_(journal)" title="Social Justice (journal)">Social Justice</a></i>. <b>21</b> (1). Social Justice/Global Options via <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: 110–113. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766793">29766793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Justice&rft.atitle=Wrap-up&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=110-113&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29766793%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mink&rft.aufirst=Patsy&rft.au=Hartmann%2C+Heidi+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMink1996" class="citation journal cs1">Mink, Patsy (October 1996). "Nuclear Waste: The Most Compelling Environmental Issue Facing the World Today". <i>Fordham Environmental Law Journal</i>. <b>8</b> (1). Fordham University School of Law: 165–170. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-6657">1079-6657</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7851122029">7851122029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fordham+Environmental+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Waste%3A+The+Most+Compelling+Environmental+Issue+Facing+the+World+Today&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=165-170&rft.date=1996-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7851122029&rft.issn=1079-6657&rft.aulast=Mink&rft.aufirst=Patsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Americans_and_Pacific_Islands_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress">List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(2000%E2%80%93)#2000s" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (2000–)">List of United States Congress members who died in office (2000–)#2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_T._Mink_Central_Oahu_Regional_Park" title="Patsy T. Mink Central Oahu Regional Park">Patsy T. Mink Central Oahu Regional Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">Women in the United States House of Representatives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Cable_Act" title="Cable Act">Cable Act</a> of 1922 had repealed the federal statute which required a woman to give up her citizenship in favor of her husband's,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHacker201457–58_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHacker201457–58-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> if her husband was a citizen or eligible to be naturalized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHacker201459_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHacker201459-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amendments to the Cable Act continued until 1940 before married women were granted their own status as citizens without restriction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHacker201460–61_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHacker201460–61-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, until the 1960s, legislative variations among the states led to extremely different civil rights for women within the federal system depending upon their residency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlson2007262_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlson2007262-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hojishinbun.hoover.org/?a=d&d=tht19530818-01.1.6&srpos=1&e=-------en-10-%2cjnh-1--txt-%e7%ab%b9%e6%9c%ac%e3%83%9e%e3%83%84------">Hawaii Times 1953.08.18:Page 6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyen2021" class="citation web cs1">Nguyen, Therese (April 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grunge.com/376258/the-story-of-the-first-asian-american-woman-elected-to-congress/">"The Story Of The First Asian-American Woman Elected To Congress"</a>. <i>Grunge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grunge&rft.atitle=The+Story+Of+The+First+Asian-American+Woman+Elected+To+Congress&rft.date=2021-04-07&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Therese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grunge.com%2F376258%2Fthe-story-of-the-first-asian-american-woman-elected-to-congress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovara2022" class="citation web cs1">Novara, Elizabeth (June 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/06/patsy-takemoto-minks-title-ix-legacy/">"Patsy Takemoto Mink's Title IX Legacy"</a>. <i>Unfolding History: Manuscripts at the Library of Congress</i>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unfolding+History%3A+Manuscripts+at+the+Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Patsy+Takemoto+Mink%27s+Title+IX+Legacy&rft.date=2022-06-23&rft.aulast=Novara&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.loc.gov%2Fmanuscripts%2F2022%2F06%2Fpatsy-takemoto-minks-title-ix-legacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003572-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003572_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 572.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFugita1999246_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFugita1999">Fugita 1999</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENomura1998288,_290-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENomura1998288,_290_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNomura1998">Nomura 1998</a>, pp. 288, 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeavitt1985183_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeavitt1985">Leavitt 1985</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003574_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 574.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFamilySearch1905-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFamilySearch1905_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFamilySearch1905">FamilySearch 1905</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFamilySearch1933-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFamilySearch1933_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFamilySearch1933">FamilySearch 1933</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003573-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003573_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 573.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003576-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003576_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 576.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003577-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003577_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 577.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201246-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201246_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201246_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201246_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201246_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMertens2012">Mertens 2012</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2018-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2018_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2018">Lee 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003578-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003578_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003578_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 578.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003579-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003579_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 579.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003580_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 580.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003581-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003581_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003581_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 581.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorreca2005C5-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorreca2005C5_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBorreca2005">Borreca 2005</a>, p. C5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201248-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201248_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMertens2012">Mertens 2012</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003">Arinaga & Ojiri 2003</a>, p. 582.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHacker201457–58-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHacker201457–58_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHacker2014">Hacker 2014</a>, pp. 57–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHacker201459-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHacker201459_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHacker2014">Hacker 2014</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHacker201460–61-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHacker201460–61_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHacker2014">Hacker 2014</a>, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlson2007262-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarlson2007262_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarlson2007">Carlson 2007</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582–583-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582–583_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArinagaOjiri2003582–583_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span 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href="#CITEREFDemocratic_National_Committee2007">Democratic National Committee 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMertens201249-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201249_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMertens201249_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMertens2012">Mertens 2012</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlass2017-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass2017_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass2017_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass2017_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass2017_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlass2017">Glass 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003-46"><span 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAleerFemiaBrooks20072_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcAleerFemiaBrooks2007">McAleer, Femia & Brooks 2007</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''2003bB3-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''2003bB3_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Advertiser2003b"><i>The Honolulu Advertiser</i> 2003b</a>, p. B3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''2003aD4-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Advertiser''2003aD4_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Advertiser2003a"><i>The Honolulu Advertiser</i> 2003a</a>, p. D4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung20033-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung20033_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoung2003">Young 2003</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Hawaii_News_Now''2007-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Hawaii_News_Now''2007_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawaii_News_Now2007"><i>Hawaii News Now</i> 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Press_Secretary2014-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_of_the_Press_Secretary2014_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOffice_of_the_Press_Secretary2014">Office of the Press Secretary 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''NBC_News''2014-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''NBC_News''2014_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNBC_News2014"><i>NBC News</i> 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mauinow.com/2022/06/23/patsy-minks-portrait-unveiled-in-us-capitol-on-50th-anniversary-of-title-ix/">"Patsy Mink's portrait unveiled in US Capitol on 50th anniversary of Title IX | Maui Now"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patsy+Mink%27s+portrait+unveiled+in+US+Capitol+on+50th+anniversary+of+Title+IX+%26%23124%3B+Maui+Now&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmauinow.com%2F2022%2F06%2F23%2Fpatsy-minks-portrait-unveiled-in-us-capitol-on-50th-anniversary-of-title-ix%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''2008HIFF10-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''2008HIFF10_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin''2008HIFF10_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin2008"><i>The Honolulu Star-Bulletin</i> 2008</a>, p. HIFF10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2014F1-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2014F1_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGordon2014">Gordon 2014</a>, p. F1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2014F1,_F10-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2014F1,_F10_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGordon2014">Gordon 2014</a>, pp. F1, F10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2014C1,_C3-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2014C1,_C3_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2014">Miller 2014</a>, pp. C1, C3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/news/press-releases/mint-announces-2024-american-women-quarters-program-honorees">"2024 American Women Quarters™ Program Honorees Announced"</a>. <i>United States Mint</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Mint&rft.atitle=2024+American+Women+Quarters%E2%84%A2+Program+Honorees+Announced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2Fmint-announces-2024-american-women-quarters-program-honorees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/coins/coin-medal-programs/american-women-quarters/patsy-takemoto-mink">"Patsy Takemoto Mink Quarter | American Women Quarters | U.S. Mint"</a>. <i>United States Mint</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Mint&rft.atitle=Patsy+Takemoto+Mink+Quarter+%7C+American+Women+Quarters+%7C+U.S.+Mint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Fcoins%2Fcoin-medal-programs%2Famerican-women-quarters%2Fpatsy-takemoto-mink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: General and cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003" class="citation journal cs1">Arinaga, Esther K.; Ojiri, Renee E. (Summer 2003). Cruz, Tania; Yamamoto, Eric K. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030044505/http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_04.2_cruz.pdf">"A Tribute to Patsy Takemoto Mink"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asian-Pacific_Law_%26_Policy_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal">Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal</a></i>. <b>4</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/William_S._Richardson_School_of_Law" title="William S. Richardson School of Law">William S. Richardson School of Law</a>: 569–597. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1541-244X">1541-244X</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_04.2_cruz.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian-Pacific+Law+%26+Policy+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Tribute+to+Patsy+Takemoto+Mink&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=569-597&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1541-244X&rft.aulast=Arinaga&rft.aufirst=Esther+K.&rft.au=Ojiri%2C+Renee+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.hawaii.edu%2Faplpj%2Ffiles%2F2011%2F11%2FAPLPJ_04.2_cruz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span> Reprinted original text from Mari Matsuda ed. <i>Called from Within: Early Women Lawyers of Hawai'i</i> (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1992). pages 251–280.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorreca2005" class="citation news cs1">Borreca, Richard (October 19, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47176562/john-f-mink-2005-death/">"Politician's 'Rock' Supported Her Throughout Her Career"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Star-Bulletin" title="Honolulu Star-Bulletin">Honolulu Star-Bulletin</a></i>. Honolulu, Hawaii. pp. C5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Honolulu+Star-Bulletin&rft.atitle=Politician%27s+%27Rock%27+Supported+Her+Throughout+Her+Career&rft.pages=C5&rft.date=2005-10-19&rft.aulast=Borreca&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F47176562%2Fjohn-f-mink-2005-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson2007" class="citation book cs1">Carlson, Laura (2007). <i>Searching for Equality: Sex Discrimination, Parental Leave, and the Swedish Model with Comparisons to EU, UK, and US Law</i>. Uppsala, Sweden: Iustus Förlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7678-646-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7678-646-8"><bdi>978-91-7678-646-8</bdi></a>. <q>Prior to the passage of the federal acts in the 1960s, the legislative variations permissible historically with respect to women's rights under the American federal system initially led to extremely different rights for women depending upon their state of residence</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Searching+for+Equality%3A+Sex+Discrimination%2C+Parental+Leave%2C+and+the+Swedish+Model+with+Comparisons+to+EU%2C+UK%2C+and+US+Law&rft.place=Uppsala%2C+Sweden&rft.pub=Iustus+F%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-91-7678-646-8&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDePledge2002" class="citation news cs1">DePledge, Derrick (October 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47068385/public-opinion/">"Bush Recalls Rep. Patsy Mink's 'Long Record of Public Service'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Opinion_(Chambersburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Opinion (Chambersburg)">The Public Opinion</a></i>. Chambersburg: Pennsylvania. <a href="/wiki/Gannett_News_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett News Service">Gannett News Service</a>. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Honolulu, Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Honolulu+Star-Bulletin&rft.atitle=Mink+To+Be+Inducted+in+Women%27s+Hall+of+Fame&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2003-03-19&rft.aulast=Dobbin&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F47074275%2Fhonolulu-star-bulletin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEttingerMcDowell2020" class="citation web cs1">Ettinger, Zoë; McDowell, Erin (March 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insider.com/women-made-history-first-do-extraordinary-things#billie-eilish-is-the-first-woman-to-take-home-the-big-four-at-the-grammy-awards-album-record-of-the-year-song-of-the-year-and-best-new-artist-50">"50 Women Who Made History as the First To Do These Extraordinary Things"</a>. <i>Insider</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Rep.+Mink%27s+Name+Will+Remain+on+Hawaii+Ballot&rft.date=2002-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2002-oct-11-na-mink11-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin1959a" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46955434/honolulu-star-bulletin/">"War Hero Inouye Battles for U.S. House Post"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Honolulu Star-Bulletin">The Honolulu Star-Bulletin</a></i>. Honolulu, Hawaii. June 25, 1959. p. 23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Honolulu+Star-Bulletin&rft.atitle=War+Hero+Inouye+Battles+for+U.S.+House+Post&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1959-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F46955434%2Fhonolulu-star-bulletin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Charlotte_News1975" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47026049/women-seeking-un-promotion-30-june/">"Women Seeking UN Promotion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Charlotte_News" title="The Charlotte News">The Charlotte News</a></i>. The Charlotte News. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. June 30, 1975. p. 5A<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Charlotte+News&rft.atitle=Women+Seeking+UN+Promotion&rft.pages=5A&rft.date=1975-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F47026049%2Fwomen-seeking-un-promotion-30-june%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatsy+Mink" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patsy_Mink&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Patsy_Mink" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Patsy Mink">Patsy Mink</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Patsy_Mink" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Patsy Mink">Patsy Mink</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?14305">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/pages/c758.shtml/"><i>Patsy Mink: Ahead of the Majority, the Documentary</i></a>, a film by Kimberlee Bassford and <a href="/wiki/Women_Make_Movies" title="Women Make Movies">Women Make Movies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2005/Dec/18/ln/FP512180341.html">FBI's Cold War files question Mink's loyalty</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms010008&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=did&_dmdid=d1992e6">Patsy T. Mink papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/531">Patsy T. Mink papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_Collection" title="Sophia Smith Collection">Sophia Smith Collection</a>, Smith College Special Collections</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Tzu-Chun_Wu" title="Judy Tzu-Chun Wu">Judy Tzu-Chun Wu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/patsy-takemoto-mink-blazed-the-trail-for-kamala-harris-not-famous-white-woman-susan-b-anthony-149807">"Patsy Takemoto Mink blazed the trail for Kamala Harris – not famous white woman Susan B. Anthony"</a>, <i>The Conversation</i> (November 18, 2020)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gill_(politician)" title="Thomas Gill (politician)">Thomas Gill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Hawaii">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's at-large congressional district">Hawaii's at-large congressional district</a> </b><br />1965–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Constituency abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New constituency</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Hawaii">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's 2nd congressional district">Hawaii's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />1971–1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Daniel Akaka</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Daniel Akaka</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Hawaii">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's 2nd congressional district">Hawaii's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />1990–2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Case" title="Ed Case">Ed Case</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mineta" title="Norman Mineta">Norman Mineta</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus" title="Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus">Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus</a> </b><br />1995–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Underwood" title="Robert A. Underwood">Robert Underwood</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Dominick" title="Peter H. Dominick">Peter Dominick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Griffin" title="Robert P. Griffin">Robert Griffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuchel" title="Thomas Kuchel">Thomas Kuchel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">Mel Laird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Mathias" title="Bob Mathias">Bob Mathias</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harding_Poff" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Harding Poff">Dick Poff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">Chuck Percy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">Al Quie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Thompson_Reid" title="Charlotte Thompson Reid">Charlotte Reid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">Hugh Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_A._Steiger" title="William A. Steiger">Bill Steiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">John Tower</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">Response to the State of the Union address</a> </b><br />1970 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Fraser" title="Donald M. Fraser">Donald Fraser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Scoop Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_William_McCormack" class="mw-redirect" title="John William McCormack">John McCormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Ed Muskie</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire">Bill Proxmire</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leonor_Sullivan" title="Leonor Sullivan">Leonor Sullivan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Caucus_Vice-Chairman_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives">Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus</a> </b><br />1975–1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Irving" title="Frederick Irving">Frederick Irving</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Oceans_and_International_Environmental_and_Scientific_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs</a> </b><br />1977–1978 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Pickering" title="Thomas R. Pickering">Tom Pickering</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Hawaii" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Hawaii</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial delegate (1899–1959)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Wilcox" title="Robert William Wilcox">Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_K%C5%ABhi%C5%8D_Kalaniana%CA%BBole" title="Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole">Kalanianaʻole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Baldwin" title="Henry Alexander Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paul_Jarrett" title="William Paul Jarrett">Jarrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_S._K._Houston" title="Victor S. K. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Loy_McCandless" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Loy McCandless">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wilder_King" title="Samuel Wilder King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rider_Farrington" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Rider Farrington">J. Farrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Pruett_Farrington" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Elizabeth Pruett Farrington">E. Farrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Burns" title="John A. Burns">Burns</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One at-large seat (1959–1963)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two at-large seats (1963–1971)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">Matsunaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gill_(politician)" title="Thomas Gill (politician)">Gill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts (1971–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Hawaii01 !"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">Matsunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Heftel" title="Cecil Heftel">Heftel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Abercrombie" title="Neil Abercrombie">Abercrombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Saiki" title="Pat Saiki">Saiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Abercrombie" title="Neil Abercrombie">Abercrombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Djou" title="Charles Djou">Djou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Hanabusa" title="Colleen Hanabusa">Hanabusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Takai" title="Mark Takai">Takai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Hanabusa" title="Colleen Hanabusa">Hanabusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Case" title="Ed Case">Case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Hawaii02 !"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Akaka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Case" title="Ed Case">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Hirono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Gabbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_Kahele" title="Kai Kahele">Kahele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Tokuda" title="Jill Tokuda">Tokuda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1968)_1972_United_States_presidential_election_(1976_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1968)_1972_United_States_presidential_election_(1976_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">← 1968</a>) <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_M._Ashbrook" title="John M. Ashbrook">John M. Ashbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_McCloskey" title="Pete McCloskey">Pete McCloskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a></b> <ul><li>replacing <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Thomas Eagleton</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fauntroy" title="Walter Fauntroy">Walter Fauntroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Fred R. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Hartke" title="Vance Hartke">Vance Hartke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Hays" title="Wayne Hays">Wayne Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Mills" title="Wilbur Mills">Wilbur Mills</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patsy Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanford" title="Terry Sanford">Terry Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Yorty" title="Sam Yorty">Sam Yorty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1972">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_G._Schmitz" title="John G. Schmitz">John G. Schmitz </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Anderson_(author)" title="Thomas J. Anderson (author)">Thomas J. Anderson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Tyner" title="Jarvis Tyner">Jarvis Tyner</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">John Hospers</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tonie_Nathan" title="Tonie Nathan">Tonie Nathan</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Spock" title="Benjamin Spock">Benjamin Spock</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Hobson" title="Julius Hobson">Julius Hobson </a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Fisher" title="Louis Fisher">Louis Fisher</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Linda_Jenness" title="Linda Jenness">Linda Jenness</a></b> <ul><li>Alternate nominee: <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Reed" title="Evelyn Reed">Evelyn Reed</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pulley" title="Andrew Pulley">Andrew Pulley</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Candidates: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Green_(ufologist)" title="Gabriel Green (ufologist)">Gabriel Green</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1972 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1972 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1972 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1972 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hawaii&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_89th–94th_&amp;_101st–107th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hawaii&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_89th–94th_&amp;_101st–107th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>'s delegation(s) to the 89th–94th & 101st–107th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/89th_United_States_Congress" title="89th United States Congress">89th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">H. Fong</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">S. Matsunaga</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/90th_United_States_Congress" title="90th United States Congress">90th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">H. Fong</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">S. Matsunaga</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/91st_United_States_Congress" title="91st United States Congress">91st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">H. Fong</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">S. Matsunaga</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/93rd_United_States_Congress" title="93rd United States Congress">93rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">H. Fong</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">S. Matsunaga</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/93rd_United_States_Congress" title="93rd United States Congress">93rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">H. Fong</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">S. Matsunaga</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/94th_United_States_Congress" title="94th United States Congress">94th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">H. Fong</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga">S. Matsunaga</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/101st_United_States_Congress" title="101st United States Congress">101st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Spark_Matsunaga" title="Spark Matsunaga"><i>S. Matsunaga</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka"><i>D. Akaka</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka"><i>D. Akaka</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>P. Mink</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pat_Saiki" title="Pat Saiki">P. Saiki</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">D. Akaka</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neil_Abercrombie" title="Neil Abercrombie">N. Abercrombie</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">D. Akaka</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neil_Abercrombie" title="Neil Abercrombie">N. Abercrombie</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">D. Akaka</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neil_Abercrombie" title="Neil Abercrombie">N. Abercrombie</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">D. Akaka</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neil_Abercrombie" title="Neil Abercrombie">N. Abercrombie</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/106th_United_States_Congress" title="106th United States Congress">106th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">D. Akaka</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P. Mink</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neil_Abercrombie" title="Neil Abercrombie">N. Abercrombie</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States senators from Hawaii">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">D. Inouye</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">D. Akaka</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Hawaii" title="List of United States representatives from Hawaii">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>P. Mink</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neil_Abercrombie" title="Neil Abercrombie">N. Abercrombie</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ed_Case" title="Ed Case"><i>E. Case</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/21px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/42px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hawaii" title="Portal:Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q399235#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q399235#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q399235#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000055623636">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/65253631">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1716825/">FAST</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/20629/">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvxmVfThpXBTPVtmQbPQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n77007280">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20031121007&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000797">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580944">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6514d06">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 5.81% 163.496 200 Template:Main_other"," 5.68% 159.795 1 Template:United_States_presidential_election,_1972"," 5.15% 144.980 23 Template:Cite_web"," 4.85% 136.353 9 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.643","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24044685,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFArinagaOjiri2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorreca2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCNN2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDePledge2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemocratic_National_Committee2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDobbin2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEttingerMcDowell2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFamilySearch1905\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFamilySearch1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFugita1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlass2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGootman2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordonNakase2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHacker2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawaii_News_Now2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoover2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKua2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeavitt1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAleerFemiaBrooks2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMertens2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMink1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMink1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMink1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMink1976\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMink1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinkHartmann1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNBC_News2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNomura1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovara2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_Clerk2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_HistorianClerk_of_the_House2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_Press_Secretary2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Charlotte_News1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Advertiser1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Advertiser2003a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Advertiser2003b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin1959a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin1959b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Honolulu_Star-Bulletin2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Lansing_State_Journal1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Los_Angeles_Times2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThreinen2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._Congress1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._Congress2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Congress_M0007972020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViotti1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodruff2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhao2009\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 27,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 23,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Mink, Patsy\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatprice\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 21,\n [\"Hawaii Representatives\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-year\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"National Women's Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Née\"] = 1,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 6,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 5,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-new\"] = 1,\n [\"S-non\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 7,\n [\"S-vac\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 174,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 2,\n [\"USCongRep-end\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep-start\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/101\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/102\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/103\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/104\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/105\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/106\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/107\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/89\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/90\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/91\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/92\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/93\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/HI/94\"] = 1,\n [\"United States presidential election, 1972\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Use shortened footnotes\"] = 1,\n [\"Ushr\"] = 3,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","420","22.1"],["?","320","16.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","120","6.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","5.3"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","80","4.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","4.2"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","3.2"],["gsub","60","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","3.2"],["(for generator)","60","3.2"],["[others]","540","28.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-dqgj4","timestamp":"20241127002250","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Patsy Mink","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patsy_Mink","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q399235","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q399235","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-09T19:44:43Z","dateModified":"2024-11-14T07:32:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/81\/Patsy_Mink_1994_portrait_%28cropped%29.tif","headline":"American politician (1927\u20132002)"}</script> </body> </html>