CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="iUOIDQZAzUn2xnROK6QwYIx0GISoqDy2iCNTXamEpq68FyTgfrf9jasroc3xIWn6B81jHOIWPrZjCHw3lPL5eA==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Applied Animal Behaviour Science" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ludwig Huber" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/79940421/Are_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/75790937/18948742/18897196/s200_ludwig.huber.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/79940421/Are_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://vetmeduni.academia.edu/LudwigHuber" /> <meta name="description" content="Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?" /> <title>(PDF) Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/79940421/Are_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1086bfafd5b5c78bcba1554863994f709e2874d0'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733283152000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733283152000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Ludwig Huber"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-05-25","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86487823/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Zoology","Psychology","Animal Production","Veterinary Sciences"],"publication":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Elsevier BV"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"vetmeduni"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86487823/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79940421/Are_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "46fd4cf97dba825424ba3371d30e96626482bfd8db4bdb72077448933d3e9abd", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="5uRKW/h/4LDTn2l+4B3/MFPWeBIHp4aMZyGH1SbSqD/TsOa2gIjQdI5yvP06mKaq2G8Dik0ZhIyMCqi/G6T36Q==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/79940421/Are_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="MVX3V0dS5Sx45+oLdkuUjavL0tijg/Irz1zoNz1YP4IEAVu6P6XV6CUKP4iszs0XIHKpQOk98Cskd8ddAC5gVA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-97865a4b41eebf6819eddc4c76d29598fe6b0336be57e9b6cde63060c39bfa02.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 75790937; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F79940421%2FAre_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F79940421%2FAre_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":86487823,"identifier":"Attachment_86487823","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":79940421,"created_at":"2022-05-25T23:21:50.849-07:00","from_world_paper_id":206313974,"updated_at":"2024-11-25T01:27:14.482-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Cooperative behaviour has been observed in many species and in several domains like cooperative hunting, cooperative predator defence and cooperative breeding. From an evolutionary perspective, it is an efficient way to increase one's own success, which ultimately has positive fitness consequences. However, the underlying mechanism in terms of the motivational and cognitive processes is less clear. Pigs are cooperative breeders, highly sociable and possess advanced skills in various cognitive domains and sensory modalities. The aim of this study was to explore whether domestic pigs would cooperate to acquire resources. We tested this using the Joint-Log-Lift task, which requires that two pigs lift a wooden log simultaneously to obtain food. Ten same-sex dyads of free-ranging Kune Kune pigs were tested. They did not interact with the apparatus in at least one of a six-trial session and hence, did not solve the task spontaneously, but became successful after several training steps including both individual and partner training. Because the Joint-Log-Lift task requires behavioural coordination to be solved cooperatively and efficiently, we tested the pigs' understanding of the need for coordination in two classical tests. A 10 or 30 s delay condition tested whether the pig who was released earlier into the testing arena would wait for the partner before lifting the log. A visual barrier condition tested whether the inability to see the partner would reduce the synchronicity of their actions toward the log. The dyads did not respond differently in the two testing manipulations, therefore failing to show evidence for coordinated behaviour. We discussed these findings in terms of weak understanding of the cooperative requirements of the task, disadvantageous training and low impulse control. Further studies on the pigs' cognitive capabilities to adjust or coordinate their behaviour to conspecifics are important as they have potential implications for their welfare.","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"86487823"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [75790937]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":86487823,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/86487823/mini_magick20220525-15047-1bn711h.png?1653546226" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Are free-ranging Kune Kune pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) able to solve a cooperative task?</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75790937" href="https://vetmeduni.academia.edu/LudwigHuber"><img alt="Profile image of Ludwig Huber" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/75790937/18948742/18897196/s65_ludwig.huber.jpg" />Ludwig Huber</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Applied Animal Behaviour Science</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 79940421; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=79940421"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":86487823,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/79940421/Are_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":86487823,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/79940421/Are_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="86487823" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/79940421/Are_free_ranging_Kune_Kune_pigs_Sus_scrofa_domesticus_able_to_solve_a_cooperative_task" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="18976962" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18976962/Social_tactics_of_pigs_in_a_competitive_foraging_task_the_informed_forager_paradigm">Social tactics of pigs in a competitive foraging task: the ‘informed forager’ paradigm</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39122978" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DevereuxClaire">Claire Devereux</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Studies of the social dynamics in foraging groups have focused primarily on birds, rodents and nonhuman primates. We extended the study of animal social tactics to the domestic pig, Sus scrofa, by using an experimental analogue of natural foraging skills, the &amp;#39;informed forager&amp;#39; paradigm. We investigated the behaviour of 16 pigs foraging in pairs in an arena in which food had been hidden in one of eight monopolizable buckets. Before each pair trial, one of the pigs, the &amp;#39;informed&amp;#39; pig, was given privileged knowledge about the location of the food during a solitary search trial. The &amp;#39;noninformed&amp;#39; pig was naïve about the location of the food during pair trials, but heavier than its informed partner and thus able to displace the latter from the baited bucket. By first focusing on the informed pigs&amp;#39; behaviour, we show that pigs are able to remember and relocate the food site. They found the food in relocation trials, using fewer bucket investigations than expected of a random searcher. Second, by focusing on the noninformed pigs, we show that pigs are able to exploit the knowledge of others by following them to a food source. They investigated more buckets immediately after their informed partners significantly more often than expected by chance and required fewer bucket investigations to find the food in pair trials than expected from a random searcher, but not in solitary search trials. We discuss these latter findings with reference to social foraging tactics. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social tactics of pigs in a competitive foraging task: the ‘informed forager’ paradigm","attachmentId":42123396,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18976962/Social_tactics_of_pigs_in_a_competitive_foraging_task_the_informed_forager_paradigm","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18976962/Social_tactics_of_pigs_in_a_competitive_foraging_task_the_informed_forager_paradigm"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="18412541" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18412541/Conflict_and_cooperation_sociobiological_principles_and_the_behaviour_of_pigs">Conflict and cooperation: sociobiological principles and the behaviour of pigs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38421916" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdmondPajor">Edmond Pajor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1995</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">... Reproduced with the cooperation of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. ... Rushen and Pajor, 1987), a subtle type of withinlitter competition that persists throughout lactation (Fraser, 1990), and a rich repertoire of vocal communication (Grauvogl, 1958 ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conflict and cooperation: sociobiological principles and the behaviour of pigs","attachmentId":42171130,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18412541/Conflict_and_cooperation_sociobiological_principles_and_the_behaviour_of_pigs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18412541/Conflict_and_cooperation_sociobiological_principles_and_the_behaviour_of_pigs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="85842094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85842094/Domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa_adjust_their_foraging_behaviour_to_whom_they_are_foraging_with">Domestic pigs, Sus scrofa, adjust their foraging behaviour to whom they are foraging with</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58074360" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrielMary">Mary Friel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Domestic pigs, Sus scrofa, adjust their foraging behaviour to whom they are foraging with","attachmentId":90420724,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85842094/Domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa_adjust_their_foraging_behaviour_to_whom_they_are_foraging_with","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85842094/Domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa_adjust_their_foraging_behaviour_to_whom_they_are_foraging_with"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="34212309" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34212309/Domestic_pigs_alter_their_social_strategy_in_response_to_social_group_size">Domestic pigs alter their social strategy in response to social group size</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67218599" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaroldGonyou">Harold Gonyou</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67279341" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TSamarakone">T. Samarakone</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Domestic pigs alter their social strategy in response to social group size","attachmentId":54128230,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34212309/Domestic_pigs_alter_their_social_strategy_in_response_to_social_group_size","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34212309/Domestic_pigs_alter_their_social_strategy_in_response_to_social_group_size"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="95719572" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95719572/Behaviour_of_Domestic_Pigs_in_a_Visual_Perspective_Taking_Task">Behaviour of Domestic Pigs in a Visual Perspective Taking Task</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37434561" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeMendl">Mike Mendl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Behaviour, 2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Animals with visual perspective taking abilities should differ in their responses to individuals that do and individuals that do not have visual access to some critical event. We investigated whether domestic pigs show behaviour consistent with this ability. Ten subjects were trained to move from a start box into one of four corridors that they had seen a human enter with a bucket for baiting. They received a food reward for choosing the correct corridor. In unrewarded probe tests, the subjects&#39; view of the corridors was blocked, but they could see a &#39;seeing&#39; companion pig who had visual access to the baiting event, and another, whose view was also blocked, located in start boxes to their left and right. After the companions had been released and entered corridors, the subject was released and which companion it followed was recorded. Eight pigs followed companions less frequently than expected by chance, probably due to specific corridor or centre/side preferences. Howe...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Behaviour of Domestic Pigs in a Visual Perspective Taking Task","attachmentId":97824005,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95719572/Behaviour_of_Domestic_Pigs_in_a_Visual_Perspective_Taking_Task","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95719572/Behaviour_of_Domestic_Pigs_in_a_Visual_Perspective_Taking_Task"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="63870638" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63870638/Thinking_Pigs_A_Comparative_Review_of_Cognition_Emotion_and_Personality_in_Sus_domesticus">Thinking Pigs: A Comparative Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Personality in Sus domesticus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43541696" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LoriMarino1">Lori Marino</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">While relatively little is known about the psychology of domestic pigs, what is known suggests that pigs are cognitively complex and share many traits with animals whom we consider intelligent. This paper reviews the scientific evidence for cognitive complexity in domestic pigs and, when appropriate, compares this literature with similar findings in other animals, focusing on some of the more compelling and cutting-edge research results. The goals of this paper are to: 1) frame pig cognition and psychology in a basic comparative context independent of the livestock production and management setting; and 2) identify areas of research with pigs that are particularly compelling and in need of further investigation. We summarize and discuss several areas of comparative psychology, including nonsocial and social cognition, self-awareness, emotion, and personality. We conclude that there are several areas of research in which the findings are suggestive of complex psychology in pigs. We ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Thinking Pigs: A Comparative Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Personality in Sus domesticus","attachmentId":76150421,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63870638/Thinking_Pigs_A_Comparative_Review_of_Cognition_Emotion_and_Personality_in_Sus_domesticus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63870638/Thinking_Pigs_A_Comparative_Review_of_Cognition_Emotion_and_Personality_in_Sus_domesticus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="114344001" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114344001/Discrimination_of_conspecifics_by_juvenile_domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa">Discrimination of conspecifics by juvenile domestic pigs, Sus scrofa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37434561" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeMendl">Mike Mendl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Discrimination of conspecifics by juvenile domestic pigs, Sus scrofa","attachmentId":111067445,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114344001/Discrimination_of_conspecifics_by_juvenile_domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114344001/Discrimination_of_conspecifics_by_juvenile_domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="104406630" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104406630/The_Social_Life_of_Pigs_Changes_in_Affiliative_and_Agonistic_Behaviors_following_Mixing">The Social Life of Pigs: Changes in Affiliative and Agonistic Behaviors following Mixing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38631867" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaniceSiegford">Janice Siegford</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animals, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study investigated potentially affiliative behaviors in grow-finish pigs, how these behaviors changed over time and their relationship to agonistic behaviors. A total of 257 Yorkshire barrows were observed for agonistic (reciprocal fights, attacks) and affiliative (nosing, play, non-agonistic contact) behaviors after mixing (at 10 weeks of age), and weeks 3, 6, and 9 after mix. The least square means of affiliative behaviors were compared across time points. Relationships among affiliative and agonistic behaviors were assessed using generalized linear mixed models. Non-agonistic contact with conspecifics increased until week 6 then remained stable between weeks 6 and 9. Nosing was highest at mix, then decreased in the following weeks. Play was lowest at mix and highest at week 3. Affiliative behaviors were negatively related with aggression at mix (p &lt; 0.001). Pigs who engaged in play and nosing behaviors were more likely to be involved in agonistic interactions in the weeks...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Social Life of Pigs: Changes in Affiliative and Agonistic Behaviors following Mixing","attachmentId":104145445,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104406630/The_Social_Life_of_Pigs_Changes_in_Affiliative_and_Agonistic_Behaviors_following_Mixing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104406630/The_Social_Life_of_Pigs_Changes_in_Affiliative_and_Agonistic_Behaviors_following_Mixing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="84826318" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84826318/Investigating_the_Reward_Cycle_of_Play_in_Pigs_Sus_scrofa_">Investigating the Reward Cycle of Play in Pigs (Sus scrofa)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98153302" href="https://slu-se.academia.edu/LLidfors">Lena Lidfors</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Animal Science, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Observations of play in animals have been suggested as a promising indicator of positive emotions and thus of positive animal welfare. However, if play can follow the proposed reward cycle concept where animals estimate and value reward differently in different phases of the cycle (anticipation, consummation and post-consummation) is unclear. To investigate if a reward cycle for play exists in growing pigs, we carried out an exploratory study where pigs were tested when they were naïve to a reward cycle test (first occasion) against when they were accustomed to going through the test after having the access to an open play arena with objects. Forty undocked pigs were housed in a weaner stable with two castrated males and two females per pen. Within each litter, we randomly selected and tested one male and one female test pig, each being tested as naïve or accustomed to the testing environment. The first week the pigs (n = 20) were tested four times and regarded as naïve during the f...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Investigating the Reward Cycle of Play in Pigs (Sus scrofa)","attachmentId":89718028,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84826318/Investigating_the_Reward_Cycle_of_Play_in_Pigs_Sus_scrofa_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84826318/Investigating_the_Reward_Cycle_of_Play_in_Pigs_Sus_scrofa_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="5285208" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5285208/Cognitive_Enrichment_in_Piglet_Rearing_An_Approach_to_Enhance_Animal_Welfare_and_to_Reduce_Aggressive_Behaviour_Academic_Editors_D">Cognitive Enrichment in Piglet Rearing: An Approach to Enhance Animal Welfare and to Reduce Aggressive Behaviour Academic Editors: D</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2617668" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ismayilova">Gunel Ismayilova</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cognitive Enrichment in Piglet Rearing: An Approach to Enhance Animal Welfare and to Reduce Aggressive Behaviour Academic Editors: D","attachmentId":32457517,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5285208/Cognitive_Enrichment_in_Piglet_Rearing_An_Approach_to_Enhance_Animal_Welfare_and_to_Reduce_Aggressive_Behaviour_Academic_Editors_D","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5285208/Cognitive_Enrichment_in_Piglet_Rearing_An_Approach_to_Enhance_Animal_Welfare_and_to_Reduce_Aggressive_Behaviour_Academic_Editors_D"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":86487823,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":86487823,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_86487823" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="86716405" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86716405/Do_Domestic_Pigs_Acquire_a_Positive_Perception_of_Humans_through_Observational_Social_Learning">Do Domestic Pigs Acquire a Positive Perception of Humans through Observational Social Learning?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22081117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaimeFigueroa1">Jaime Figueroa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animals, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Do Domestic Pigs Acquire a Positive Perception of Humans through Observational Social Learning?","attachmentId":91105446,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86716405/Do_Domestic_Pigs_Acquire_a_Positive_Perception_of_Humans_through_Observational_Social_Learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86716405/Do_Domestic_Pigs_Acquire_a_Positive_Perception_of_Humans_through_Observational_Social_Learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="92601782" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92601782/Cognitive_Enrichment_in_Piglet_Rearing_An_Approach_to_Enhance_Animal_Welfare_and_to_Reduce_Aggressive_Behaviour">Cognitive Enrichment in Piglet Rearing: An Approach to Enhance Animal Welfare and to Reduce Aggressive Behaviour</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2617668" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ismayilova">Gunel Ismayilova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ISRN Veterinary Science, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cognitive Enrichment in Piglet Rearing: An Approach to Enhance Animal Welfare and to Reduce Aggressive Behaviour","attachmentId":95567363,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92601782/Cognitive_Enrichment_in_Piglet_Rearing_An_Approach_to_Enhance_Animal_Welfare_and_to_Reduce_Aggressive_Behaviour","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92601782/Cognitive_Enrichment_in_Piglet_Rearing_An_Approach_to_Enhance_Animal_Welfare_and_to_Reduce_Aggressive_Behaviour"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="26169551" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26169551/Physiological_and_reproductive_correlates_of_behavioural_strategies_in_female_domestic_pigs">Physiological and reproductive correlates of behavioural strategies in female domestic pigs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33594451" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/DMBroom">Donald M Broom</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37434561" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeMendl">Mike Mendl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 1992</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Physiological and reproductive correlates of behavioural strategies in female domestic pigs","attachmentId":46497054,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26169551/Physiological_and_reproductive_correlates_of_behavioural_strategies_in_female_domestic_pigs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26169551/Physiological_and_reproductive_correlates_of_behavioural_strategies_in_female_domestic_pigs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="34237252" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34237252/Consistency_and_influence_on_performance_of_behavioural_differences_in_Large_White_and_Landrace_purebred_pigs">Consistency and influence on performance of behavioural differences in Large White and Landrace purebred pigs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67314659" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmmaF%C3%A0brega">Emma Fàbrega</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Consistency and influence on performance of behavioural differences in Large White and Landrace purebred pigs","attachmentId":54151701,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34237252/Consistency_and_influence_on_performance_of_behavioural_differences_in_Large_White_and_Landrace_purebred_pigs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34237252/Consistency_and_influence_on_performance_of_behavioural_differences_in_Large_White_and_Landrace_purebred_pigs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="71757769" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71757769/The_Joint_Log_Lift_Task_A_Social_Foraging_Paradigm">The Joint Log-Lift Task: A Social Foraging Paradigm</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32486769" href="https://vuzv-cz.academia.edu/SebastienGoumon">Sebastien Goumon</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49631015" href="https://vetmeduni.academia.edu/JeanLoupRault">Jean-Loup Rault</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17867712" href="https://vuzv-cz.academia.edu/Marek%C5%A0pinka">Marek Špinka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Joint Log-Lift Task: A Social Foraging Paradigm","attachmentId":80968985,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71757769/The_Joint_Log_Lift_Task_A_Social_Foraging_Paradigm","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71757769/The_Joint_Log_Lift_Task_A_Social_Foraging_Paradigm"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="61830743" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61830743/Better_Not_Just_More_Contrast_in_Qualitative_Aspects_of_Reward_Facilitates_Impulse_Control_in_Pigs">Better, Not Just More—Contrast in Qualitative Aspects of Reward Facilitates Impulse Control in Pigs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34001396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanLangbein">Jan Langbein</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Psychology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Better, Not Just More—Contrast in Qualitative Aspects of Reward Facilitates Impulse Control in Pigs","attachmentId":74766620,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61830743/Better_Not_Just_More_Contrast_in_Qualitative_Aspects_of_Reward_Facilitates_Impulse_Control_in_Pigs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61830743/Better_Not_Just_More_Contrast_in_Qualitative_Aspects_of_Reward_Facilitates_Impulse_Control_in_Pigs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="122621702" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122621702/Individual_variation_and_consistency_in_piglet_behaviour">Individual variation and consistency in piglet behaviour</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="101410401" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KThodberg">Karen Thodberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Individual variation and consistency in piglet behaviour","attachmentId":117252800,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122621702/Individual_variation_and_consistency_in_piglet_behaviour","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122621702/Individual_variation_and_consistency_in_piglet_behaviour"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="33519906" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33519906/The_backtest_in_pigs_revisited_An_analysis_of_intra_situational_behaviour">The backtest in pigs revisited – An analysis of intra-situational behaviour</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65618789" href="https://fbn-dummerstorf.academia.edu/ManuelaZebunke">Manuela Zebunke</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The backtest in pigs revisited – An analysis of intra-situational behaviour","attachmentId":53555278,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33519906/The_backtest_in_pigs_revisited_An_analysis_of_intra_situational_behaviour","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33519906/The_backtest_in_pigs_revisited_An_analysis_of_intra_situational_behaviour"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="120450414" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120450414/Swine_Cognition">Swine Cognition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34001396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanLangbein">Jan Langbein</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Swine Cognition","attachmentId":115595544,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120450414/Swine_Cognition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120450414/Swine_Cognition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="17596950" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17596950/Learning_how_to_eat_like_a_pig_effectiveness_of_mechanisms_for_vertical_social_learning_in_piglets">Learning how to eat like a pig: effectiveness of mechanisms for vertical social learning in piglets</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37434561" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeMendl">Mike Mendl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Learning how to eat like a pig: effectiveness of mechanisms for vertical social learning in piglets","attachmentId":39603573,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17596950/Learning_how_to_eat_like_a_pig_effectiveness_of_mechanisms_for_vertical_social_learning_in_piglets","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17596950/Learning_how_to_eat_like_a_pig_effectiveness_of_mechanisms_for_vertical_social_learning_in_piglets"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="64001356" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64001356/The_Effect_of_Demonstrator_Social_Rank_on_the_Attentiveness_and_Motivation_of_Pigs_to_Positively_Interact_with_Their_Human_Caretakers">The Effect of Demonstrator Social Rank on the Attentiveness and Motivation of Pigs to Positively Interact with Their Human Caretakers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="146609610" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethHuenul">Elizabeth Huenul</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Effect of Demonstrator Social Rank on the Attentiveness and Motivation of Pigs to Positively Interact with Their Human Caretakers","attachmentId":76239680,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64001356/The_Effect_of_Demonstrator_Social_Rank_on_the_Attentiveness_and_Motivation_of_Pigs_to_Positively_Interact_with_Their_Human_Caretakers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64001356/The_Effect_of_Demonstrator_Social_Rank_on_the_Attentiveness_and_Motivation_of_Pigs_to_Positively_Interact_with_Their_Human_Caretakers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="44035438" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44035438/Variations_in_the_Behavior_of_Pigs_During_an_Open_Field_and_Novel_Object_Test">Variations in the Behavior of Pigs During an Open Field and Novel Object Test</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2939650" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmyHaigh">Amy Haigh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Variations in the Behavior of Pigs During an Open Field and Novel Object Test","attachmentId":64374601,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44035438/Variations_in_the_Behavior_of_Pigs_During_an_Open_Field_and_Novel_Object_Test","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44035438/Variations_in_the_Behavior_of_Pigs_During_an_Open_Field_and_Novel_Object_Test"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="18412534" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18412534/Mixing_at_young_ages_reduces_fighting_in_unacquainted_domestic_pigs">Mixing at young ages reduces fighting in unacquainted domestic pigs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38421916" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdmondPajor">Edmond Pajor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mixing at young ages reduces fighting in unacquainted domestic pigs","attachmentId":42171124,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18412534/Mixing_at_young_ages_reduces_fighting_in_unacquainted_domestic_pigs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18412534/Mixing_at_young_ages_reduces_fighting_in_unacquainted_domestic_pigs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="32068071" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32068071/Cooperation_improves_the_access_of_wild_boars_Sus_scrofa_to_food_sources">Cooperation improves the access of wild boars (Sus scrofa) to food sources</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32874017" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/FedericoMorimando">Federico Morimando</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54310769" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SimoneCapriotti">Simone Capriotti</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cooperation improves the access of wild boars (Sus scrofa) to food sources","attachmentId":52325718,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32068071/Cooperation_improves_the_access_of_wild_boars_Sus_scrofa_to_food_sources","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32068071/Cooperation_improves_the_access_of_wild_boars_Sus_scrofa_to_food_sources"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="82883027" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82883027/Cooperative_problem_solving_in_a_cooperatively_breeding_primate_Saguinus_oedipus_">Cooperative problem solving in a cooperatively breeding primate (Saguinus oedipus)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43267332" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SnowdonCharles">Charles Snowdon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cooperative problem solving in a cooperatively breeding primate (Saguinus oedipus)","attachmentId":88437013,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82883027/Cooperative_problem_solving_in_a_cooperatively_breeding_primate_Saguinus_oedipus_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82883027/Cooperative_problem_solving_in_a_cooperatively_breeding_primate_Saguinus_oedipus_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="101297668" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101297668/Effects_of_group_size_on_social_behavior_following_regrouping_of_growing_finishing_pigs">Effects of group size on social behavior following regrouping of growing–finishing pigs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="172778440" href="https://umn.academia.edu/YuzhiLi">Yuzhi Li</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of group size on social behavior following regrouping of growing–finishing pigs","attachmentId":101877958,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101297668/Effects_of_group_size_on_social_behavior_following_regrouping_of_growing_finishing_pigs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101297668/Effects_of_group_size_on_social_behavior_following_regrouping_of_growing_finishing_pigs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="13840226" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13840226/The_psychology_of_cooperation_in_animals_an_ecological_approach">The psychology of cooperation in animals: an ecological approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32932495" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/AlexThornton">Alex Thornton</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The psychology of cooperation in animals: an ecological approach","attachmentId":44892180,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13840226/The_psychology_of_cooperation_in_animals_an_ecological_approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13840226/The_psychology_of_cooperation_in_animals_an_ecological_approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="62466752" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62466752/Pigs_Responses_to_Repeated_Social_Regrouping_and_Relocation_During_the_Growing_Finishing_Period">Pig's Responses to Repeated Social Regrouping and Relocation During the Growing-Finishing Period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33466768" href="https://inra.academia.edu/AlainBoissy">Alain Boissy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Animal …, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pig's Responses to Repeated Social Regrouping and Relocation During the Growing-Finishing Period","attachmentId":75220892,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62466752/Pigs_Responses_to_Repeated_Social_Regrouping_and_Relocation_During_the_Growing_Finishing_Period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62466752/Pigs_Responses_to_Repeated_Social_Regrouping_and_Relocation_During_the_Growing_Finishing_Period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="17596954" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17596954/Foraging_behaviour_in_domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa_remembering_and_prioritizing_food_sites_of_different_value">Foraging behaviour in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa): remembering and prioritizing food sites of different value</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37434561" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeMendl">Mike Mendl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Cognition, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Foraging behaviour in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa): remembering and prioritizing food sites of different value","attachmentId":42017366,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17596954/Foraging_behaviour_in_domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa_remembering_and_prioritizing_food_sites_of_different_value","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17596954/Foraging_behaviour_in_domestic_pigs_Sus_scrofa_remembering_and_prioritizing_food_sites_of_different_value"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="18705897" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18705897/Aggression_and_group_size_in_domesticated_pigs_Sus_scrofa_when_the_winner_takes_it_all_and_the_loser_is_standing_small_">Aggression and group size in domesticated pigs, Sus scrofa: ‘when the winner takes it all and the loser is standing small’</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38773723" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricN%C3%A6vdal">Eric Nævdal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Animal Behaviour, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Aggression and group size in domesticated pigs, Sus scrofa: ‘when the winner takes it all and the loser is standing small’","attachmentId":40210573,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18705897/Aggression_and_group_size_in_domesticated_pigs_Sus_scrofa_when_the_winner_takes_it_all_and_the_loser_is_standing_small_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18705897/Aggression_and_group_size_in_domesticated_pigs_Sus_scrofa_when_the_winner_takes_it_all_and_the_loser_is_standing_small_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="19748868" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19748868/The_behavior_evaluation_in_pigs">The behavior evaluation in pigs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40741467" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PStrap%C3%A1k">P. Strapák</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40413229" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JozefBulla">Jozef Bulla</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The behavior evaluation in pigs","attachmentId":42031910,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19748868/The_behavior_evaluation_in_pigs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19748868/The_behavior_evaluation_in_pigs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="18412528" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18412528/Offence_and_defence_in_fights_between_young_pigs_Sus_scrofa_">Offence and defence in fights between young pigs (Sus scrofa)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38421916" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdmondPajor">Edmond Pajor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Aggressive Behavior, 1987</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Offence and defence in fights between young pigs (Sus scrofa)","attachmentId":42171133,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18412528/Offence_and_defence_in_fights_between_young_pigs_Sus_scrofa_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18412528/Offence_and_defence_in_fights_between_young_pigs_Sus_scrofa_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="173" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="29980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production">Animal Production</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="644860" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences">Veterinary Sciences</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>