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</div> <div class="control"> <button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.07713">arXiv:2309.07713</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.07713">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Applied Physics">physics.app-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.506108">10.1364/OPTICA.506108 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Low-power, agile electro-optic frequency comb spectrometer for integrated sensors </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Han%2C+K">Kyunghun Han</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Long%2C+D+A">David A. Long</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bresler%2C+S+M">Sean M. Bresler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Song%2C+J">Junyeob Song</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bao%2C+Y">Yiliang Bao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">Benjamin J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Srinivasan%2C+K">Kartik Srinivasan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorman%2C+J+J">Jason J. Gorman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aksyuk%2C+V+A">Vladimir A. Aksyuk</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=LeBrun%2C+T+W">Thomas W. LeBrun</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2309.07713v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Sensing platforms based upon photonic integrated circuits have shown considerable promise; however, they require corresponding advancements in integrated optical readout technologies. Here, we present an on-chip spectrometer that leverages an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator to produce a frequency-agile electro-optic frequency comb for interrogating chip-scale temperature and acceler… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2309.07713v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2309.07713v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2309.07713v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Sensing platforms based upon photonic integrated circuits have shown considerable promise; however, they require corresponding advancements in integrated optical readout technologies. Here, we present an on-chip spectrometer that leverages an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator to produce a frequency-agile electro-optic frequency comb for interrogating chip-scale temperature and acceleration sensors. The chirped comb process allows for ultralow radiofrequency drive voltages, which are as much as seven orders of magnitude less than the lowest found in the literature and are generated using a chip-scale, microcontroller-driven direct digital synthesizer. The on-chip comb spectrometer is able to simultaneously interrogate both an on-chip temperature sensor and an off-chip, microfabricated optomechanical accelerometer with cutting-edge sensitivities of $\approx 5\ 渭 \mathrm{K} \cdot \mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$ and $\approx 130\ 渭\mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{s}^{-2} \cdot \mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$, respectively. This platform is compatible with a broad range of existing photonic integrated circuit technologies, where its combination of frequency agility and ultralow radiofrequency power requirements are expected to have applications in fields such as quantum science and optical computing. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2309.07713v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2309.07713v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 16 April, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 14 September, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Optica 11, 392-398 (2024) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12988">arXiv:2307.12988</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.12988">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2307.12988">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computational Physics">physics.comp-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> GPU enabled real-time optical frequency comb spectroscopy and photonic readout </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bresler%2C+S+M">Sean M. Bresler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Long%2C+D+A">David A. Long</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">Benjamin J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bao%2C+Y">Yiliang. Bao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=LeBrun%2C+T+W">Thomas W. LeBrun</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.12988v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We describe a GPU-enabled approach for real-time optical frequency comb spectroscopy in which data is recorded, Fourier transformed, normalized, and fit at data rates up to 2.2 GB/s. As an initial demonstration we have applied this approach to rapidly interrogate the motion of an optomechanical accelerometer through the use of an electro-optic frequency comb. However, we note that this approach is… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.12988v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2307.12988v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2307.12988v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We describe a GPU-enabled approach for real-time optical frequency comb spectroscopy in which data is recorded, Fourier transformed, normalized, and fit at data rates up to 2.2 GB/s. As an initial demonstration we have applied this approach to rapidly interrogate the motion of an optomechanical accelerometer through the use of an electro-optic frequency comb. However, we note that this approach is readily amenable to both self-heterodyne and dual comb spectrometers for molecular spectroscopy as well as photonic readout where the approach's agility, speed, and simplicity are expected to enable future improvements and applications. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2307.12988v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2307.12988v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 12 July, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.17809">arXiv:2306.17809</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.17809">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Physics">quant-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0165582">10.1063/5.0165582 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> High accuracy, high dynamic range optomechanical accelerometry enabled by dual comb spectroscopy </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Long%2C+D+A">D. A. Long</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stroud%2C+J+R">J. R. Stroud</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">B. J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bao%2C+Y">Y. Bao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhou%2C+F">F. Zhou</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bresler%2C+S+M">S. M. Bresler</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=LeBrun%2C+T+W">T. W. LeBrun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Plusquellic%2C+D+F">D. F. Plusquellic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorman%2C+J+J">J. J. Gorman</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.17809v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Cavity optomechanical sensors can offer exceptional sensitivity; however, interrogating the cavity motion with high accuracy and dynamic range has proven to be challenging. Here we employ a dual optical frequency comb spectrometer to readout a microfabricated cavity optomechanical accelerometer, allowing for rapid simultaneous measurements of the cavity's displacement, finesse, and coupling at acc… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.17809v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2306.17809v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2306.17809v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Cavity optomechanical sensors can offer exceptional sensitivity; however, interrogating the cavity motion with high accuracy and dynamic range has proven to be challenging. Here we employ a dual optical frequency comb spectrometer to readout a microfabricated cavity optomechanical accelerometer, allowing for rapid simultaneous measurements of the cavity's displacement, finesse, and coupling at accelerations up to 24 g (236 m/s$^2$). With this approach, we have achieved a displacement sensitivity of 3 fm/Hz$^{1/2}$, a measurement rate of 100 kHz, and a dynamic range of 3.9 $\times$ 10$^5$ which is the highest we are aware of for a microfabricated cavity optomechanical sensor. In addition, comparisons of our optomechanical sensor coupled directly to a commercial reference accelerometer show agreement at the 0.5% level, a value which is limited by the reference's reported uncertainty. Further, the methods described herein are not limited to accelerometry but rather can be readily applied to nearly any optomechanical sensor where the combination of high speed, dynamic range, and sensitivity is expected to be enabling. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2306.17809v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2306.17809v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 October, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 30 June, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">11 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> APL Photonics 8, 091302 (2023) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.16509">arXiv:2203.16509</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.16509">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> High dynamic range electro-optic dual-comb interrogation of optomechanical sensors </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Long%2C+D+A">D. A. Long</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">B. J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=LeBrun%2C+T+W">T. W. LeBrun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorman%2C+J+J">J. J. Gorman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hodges%2C+J+T">J. T. Hodges</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Plusquellic%2C+D+F">D. F. Plusquellic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stroud%2C+J+R">J. R. Stroud</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.16509v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> An interleaved, chirped electro-optic dual comb system is demonstrated for rapid, high dynamic range measurements of cavity optomechanical sensors. This approach allows for the cavity displacements to be interrogated at measurement times as fast as 10 渭s over ranges far larger than can be achieved with alternative methods. While the performance of this novel readout approach is evaluated with an o… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.16509v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2203.16509v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.16509v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> An interleaved, chirped electro-optic dual comb system is demonstrated for rapid, high dynamic range measurements of cavity optomechanical sensors. This approach allows for the cavity displacements to be interrogated at measurement times as fast as 10 渭s over ranges far larger than can be achieved with alternative methods. While the performance of this novel readout approach is evaluated with an optomechanical accelerometer, this method is applicable to a wide range of applications including temperature, pressure, and humidity sensing as well as acoustics and molecular spectroscopy. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.16509v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2203.16509v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 30 March, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 9 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10489">arXiv:2112.10489</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.10489">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/2112.10489">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2112.10489">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.457499">10.1364/OE.457499 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Intrinsically accurate sensing with an optomechanical accelerometer </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">Benjamin J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Long%2C+D+A">David A. Long</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhou%2C+F">Feng Zhou</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bao%2C+Y">Yiliang Bao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Allen%2C+R+A">Richard A. Allen</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=LeBrun%2C+T+W">Thomas W. LeBrun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorman%2C+J+J">Jason J. Gorman</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2112.10489v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We demonstrate a microfabricated optomechanical accelerometer that is capable of percent-level accuracy without external calibration. To achieve this capability, we use a mechanical model of the device behavior that can be characterized by the thermal noise response along with an optical frequency comb readout method that enables high sensitivity, high bandwidth, high dynamic range, and SI-traceab… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2112.10489v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2112.10489v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2112.10489v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We demonstrate a microfabricated optomechanical accelerometer that is capable of percent-level accuracy without external calibration. To achieve this capability, we use a mechanical model of the device behavior that can be characterized by the thermal noise response along with an optical frequency comb readout method that enables high sensitivity, high bandwidth, high dynamic range, and SI-traceable displacement measurements. The resulting intrinsic accuracy was evaluated over a wide frequency range by comparing to a primary vibration calibration system and local gravity. The average agreement was found to be 2.1 % for the calibration system between 0.1 kHz and 15 kHz and better than 0.2 % for the static acceleration. This capability has the potential to replace costly external calibrations and improve the accuracy of inertial guidance systems and remotely deployed accelerometers. Due to the fundamental nature of the intrinsic accuracy approach, it could be extended to other optomechanical transducers, including force and pressure sensors. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2112.10489v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2112.10489v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 May, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 10 December, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2021. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">13 pages, 7 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Opt. Express 30, 19510-19523 (2022) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.06283">arXiv:2008.06283</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.06283">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.405299">10.1364/OL.405299 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Electro-optic frequency combs for rapid interrogation in cavity optomechanics </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Long%2C+D+A">D. A. Long</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">B. J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhou%2C+F">F. Zhou</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bao%2C+Y">Y. Bao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=LeBrun%2C+T+W">T. W. LeBrun</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorman%2C+J+J">J. J. Gorman</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2008.06283v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Electro-optic frequency combs were employed to rapidly interrogate an optomechanical sensor, demonstrating spectral resolution substantially exceeding that possible with a mode-locked frequency comb. Frequency combs were generated using an integrated-circuit-based direct digital synthesizer and utilized in a self-heterodyne configuration. Unlike approaches based upon laser locking or sweeping, the… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2008.06283v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2008.06283v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2008.06283v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Electro-optic frequency combs were employed to rapidly interrogate an optomechanical sensor, demonstrating spectral resolution substantially exceeding that possible with a mode-locked frequency comb. Frequency combs were generated using an integrated-circuit-based direct digital synthesizer and utilized in a self-heterodyne configuration. Unlike approaches based upon laser locking or sweeping, the present approach allows rapid, parallel measurements of full optical cavity modes, large dynamic range of sensor displacement, and acquisition across a wide frequency range between DC and 500 kHz. In addition to being well suited to measurements of cavity optomechanical sensors, this optical frequency comb-based approach can be utilized for interrogation in a wide range of physical and chemical sensors. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2008.06283v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2008.06283v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 31 March, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 14 August, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 6 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.06507">arXiv:1808.06507</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.06507">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1808.06507">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Gases">cond-mat.quant-gas</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Physics">quant-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Narrow-line photoassociation spectroscopy and mass-scaling of bosonic strontium </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">B. J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ruzic%2C+B+P">B. P. Ruzic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Miyake%2C+H">H. Miyake</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pisenti%2C+N+C">N. C. Pisenti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Julienne%2C+P+S">P. S. Julienne</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Campbell%2C+G+K">G. K. Campbell</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1808.06507v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Using new experimental measurements of photoassociation resonances near the $^1\mathrm{S}_0 \rightarrow \phantom{ }^3\mathrm{P}_1$ intercombination transition in $^{84}$Sr and $^{86}$Sr, we present an updated study into the mass-scaling behavior of bosonic strontium dimers. A previous mass-scaling model [Borkowski et al., Phys. Rev. A 90, 032713 (2014)] was able to incorporate a large number of ph… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1808.06507v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1808.06507v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1808.06507v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Using new experimental measurements of photoassociation resonances near the $^1\mathrm{S}_0 \rightarrow \phantom{ }^3\mathrm{P}_1$ intercombination transition in $^{84}$Sr and $^{86}$Sr, we present an updated study into the mass-scaling behavior of bosonic strontium dimers. A previous mass-scaling model [Borkowski et al., Phys. Rev. A 90, 032713 (2014)] was able to incorporate a large number of photoassociation resonances for $^{88}$Sr, but at the time only a handful of resonances close to the dissociation limit were known for $^{84}$Sr and $^{86}$Sr. In this work, we perform a more thorough measurement of $^{84}$Sr and $^{86}$Sr bound states, identifying multiple new resonances at deeper binding energies out to $E/h=-5$ GHz. We also identify several previously measured resonances that cannot be experimentally reproduced and provide alternative binding energies instead. With this improved spectrum, we develop a mass-scaled model that reproduces the observed binding energies of $^{86}$Sr and $^{88}$Sr to within 1 MHz. In order to accurately reproduce the deeper bound states, our model includes a second $1_u$ channel and more faithfully reproduces the depth of the potential. As determined by the previous mass-scaling study, $^{84}$Sr $0_u^+$ levels are strongly perturbed by the avoided crossing between the $^1\mathrm{S}_0 + \phantom{ }^3\mathrm{P}_1$ $0_u^+$ $(^3螤_u)$ and $^1\mathrm{S}_0 + \phantom{ }^1\mathrm{D}_2$ $0_u^+$ $(^1危_u^+)$ potential curves and therefore are not included in this mass-scaled model, but are accurately reproduced using an isotope-specific model with slightly different quantum defect parameters. In addition, the optical lengths of the $^{84}$Sr $0_u^+,\ 谓=-2$ to $谓=-5$ states are measured and compared to numerical estimates to characterize their use as optical Feshbach resonances. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1808.06507v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1808.06507v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 October, 2018; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 20 August, 2018; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2018. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Corrected typo in metadata 9 pages, 3 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.03607">arXiv:1609.03607</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.03607">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1609.03607">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4969059">10.1063/1.4969059 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> An ultra-low noise, high-voltage piezo driver </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pisenti%2C+N+C">N. C. Pisenti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Restelli%2C+A">A. Restelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">B. J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barker%2C+D+S">D. S. Barker</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Campbell%2C+G+K">G. K. Campbell</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1609.03607v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present an ultra-low noise, high-voltage driver suited for use with piezoelectric actuators and other low-current applications. The architecture uses a flyback switching regulator to generate up to 250V in our current design, with an output of 1 kV or more possible with small modifications. A high slew-rate op-amp suppresses the residual switching noise, yielding a total RMS noise of… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1609.03607v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1609.03607v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1609.03607v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present an ultra-low noise, high-voltage driver suited for use with piezoelectric actuators and other low-current applications. The architecture uses a flyback switching regulator to generate up to 250V in our current design, with an output of 1 kV or more possible with small modifications. A high slew-rate op-amp suppresses the residual switching noise, yielding a total RMS noise of $\approx 100渭$V (1 Hz--100 kHz). A low-voltage ($\pm 10$V), high bandwidth signal can be summed with unity gain directly onto the output, making the driver well-suited for closed-loop feedback applications. Digital control enables both repeatable setpoints and sophisticated control logic, and the circuit consumes less than 150mA at $\pm 15$V. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1609.03607v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1609.03607v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 11 December, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 12 September, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2016. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 124702 (2016) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.00356">arXiv:1604.00356</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.00356">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1604.00356">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Gases">cond-mat.quant-gas</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.93.053417">10.1103/PhysRevA.93.053417 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A 3-photon process for producing a degenerate gas of metastable alkaline-earth atoms </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barker%2C+D+S">D. S. Barker</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pisenti%2C+N+C">N. C. Pisenti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">B. J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Campbell%2C+G+K">G. K. Campbell</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1604.00356v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present a method for creating a quantum degenerate gas of metastable alkaline-earth atoms. This has yet to be achieved due to inelastic collisions that limit evaporative cooling in the metastable states. Quantum degenerate samples prepared in the $^{1}S_{0}$ ground state can be rapidly transferred to either the $^{3}P_{2}$ or $^{3}P_{0}$ state via a coherent 3-photon process. Numerical integrat… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1604.00356v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1604.00356v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1604.00356v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present a method for creating a quantum degenerate gas of metastable alkaline-earth atoms. This has yet to be achieved due to inelastic collisions that limit evaporative cooling in the metastable states. Quantum degenerate samples prepared in the $^{1}S_{0}$ ground state can be rapidly transferred to either the $^{3}P_{2}$ or $^{3}P_{0}$ state via a coherent 3-photon process. Numerical integration of the density matrix evolution for the fine structure of bosonic alkaline-earth atoms shows that transfer efficiencies of $\simeq90\%$ can be achieved with experimentally feasible laser parameters in both Sr and Yb. Importantly, the 3-photon process can be set up such that it imparts no net momentum to the degenerate gas during the excitation, which will allow for studies of metastable samples outside the Lamb-Dicke regime. We discuss several experimental challenges to successfully realizing our scheme, including the minimization of differential AC Stark shifts between the four states connected by the 3-photon transition. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1604.00356v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1604.00356v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 19 April, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 1 April, 2016; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> April 2016. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">8 pages, 5 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. A 93, 053417 (2016) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.05405">arXiv:1508.05405</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.05405">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1508.05405">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Quantum Gases">cond-mat.quant-gas</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.043418">10.1103/PhysRevA.92.043418 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Enhanced Magnetic Trap Loading for Atomic Strontium </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barker%2C+D+S">D. S. Barker</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Reschovsky%2C+B+J">B. J. Reschovsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pisenti%2C+N+C">N. C. Pisenti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Campbell%2C+G+K">G. K. Campbell</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1508.05405v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report on a technique to improve the continuous loading of atomic strontium into a magnetic trap from a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT). This is achieved by adding a depumping laser tuned to the 3P1 to 3S1 (688-nm) transition. The depumping laser increases atom number in the magnetic trap and subsequent cooling stages by up to 65 % for the bosonic isotopes and up to 30 % for the fermionic isotope of… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1508.05405v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1508.05405v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1508.05405v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report on a technique to improve the continuous loading of atomic strontium into a magnetic trap from a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT). This is achieved by adding a depumping laser tuned to the 3P1 to 3S1 (688-nm) transition. The depumping laser increases atom number in the magnetic trap and subsequent cooling stages by up to 65 % for the bosonic isotopes and up to 30 % for the fermionic isotope of strontium. We optimize this trap loading strategy with respect to the 688-nm laser detuning, intensity, and beam size. To understand the results, we develop a one-dimensional rate equation model of the system, which is in good agreement with the data. We discuss the use of other transitions in strontium for accelerated trap loading and the application of the technique to other alkaline-earth-like atoms. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1508.05405v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1508.05405v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 25 September, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 21 August, 2015; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2015. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">8 pages, 8 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. A 92, 043418 (2015) </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.arxiv.org/static/base/1.0.0a5/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

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