CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bixa orellana - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7d481af0-ebf3-47c3-bfc2-fe5489d265fe","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bixa_orellana","wgTitle":"Bixa orellana","wgCurRevisionId":1269866622,"wgRevisionId":1269866622,"wgArticleId":510408,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Articles containing undetermined-language text","Articles containing Pipil-language text","Articles with text in Nahuatl languages","Pages with Nahuatl languages IPA","Articles with text in Tupi languages","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from February 2019","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs","IUCN Red List least concern species","Bixaceae","Crops originating from Peru","Crops originating from the Americas","Oaxacan cuisine","Flora of Central America","Flora of Southern America","Medicinal plants of Central America","Medicinal plants of South America","Plants described in 1753","Plant dyes","Puerto Rican cuisine","Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus","Trees of Belize","Trees of Brazil","Trees of South America"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bixa_orellana","wgRelevantArticleId":510408,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Achiote","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Bixa_orellana","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q147701","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Achiote_pj.JPG/1200px-Achiote_pj.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Achiote_pj.JPG/960px-Achiote_pj.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bixa orellana - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bixa_orellana rootpage-Bixa_orellana skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bixa+orellana" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bixa+orellana" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bixa+orellana" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bixa+orellana" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_common_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_common_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology and common names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_common_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Industrial uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culinary_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culinary uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Traditional uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Bixa orellana</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo" title="Mo – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Mo" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بكسة أورلانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بكسة أورلانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruku" title="Uruku – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Uruku" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="দইগোটা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দইগোটা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasumba_(tanaman)" title="Kasumba (tanaman) – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kasumba (tanaman)" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atswete" title="Atswete – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Atswete" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa" title="Bixa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bixa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orel%C3%A1n%C3%ADk_barv%C3%AD%C5%99sk%C3%BD" title="Oreláník barvířský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oreláník barvířský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annattostrauch" title="Annattostrauch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Annattostrauch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikso_orelana" title="Bikso orelana – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bikso orelana" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="درخت آناتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درخت آناتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roucou" title="Roucou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roucou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%85%EC%82%AC_(%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC)" title="빅사 (식물) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빅사 (식물)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesumba_keling" title="Kesumba keling – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesumba keling" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C3%B0atr%C3%A9" title="Roðatré – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Roðatré" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ರಂಗುಮಾಲೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಂಗುಮಾಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswiti" title="Aswiti – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Aswiti" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94" title="ორლეანის ხე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორლეანის ხე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Аннато – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аннато" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woukou" title="Woukou – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Woukou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C5%BEin%C4%97_urlija" title="Dažinė urlija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dažinė urlija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh%C3%A2lugh%C3%A2" title="Ghâlughâ – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ghâlughâ" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%BE" title="കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="بكسه اورلانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بكسه اورلانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပိုးသီတင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုးသီတင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80chiy%C5%8Dtl" title="Āchiyōtl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Āchiyōtl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orleaanboom" title="Orleaanboom – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orleaanboom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%8B%E3%83%8E%E3%82%AD" title="ベニノキ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベニノキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orleaanbuum" title="Orleaanbuum – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Orleaanbuum" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnota_w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwa" title="Arnota właściwa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arnota właściwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urucum" title="Urucum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Urucum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achiwiti" title="Achiwiti – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Achiwiti" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Аннато – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аннато" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABmb%C3%AF%C3%B6" title="Lëmbïö – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Lëmbïö" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galinggem" title="Galinggem – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Galinggem" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annatto" title="Annatto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Annatto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsuwete" title="Atsuwete – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atsuwete" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வருகமஞ்சள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வருகமஞ்சள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE" title="జాఫ్రా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జాఫ్రా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94" title="คำแสด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คำแสด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Аннато – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аннато" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_nhu%E1%BB%99m" title="Điều nhuộm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điều nhuộm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choote" title="Choote – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Choote" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bixa orellana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%9C%A8_(%E7%BA%A2%E6%9C%A8%E5%B1%9E)" title="红木 (红木属) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="红木 (红木属)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q147701#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bixa_orellana" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bixa_orellana"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bixa_orellana"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bixa_orellana" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bixa_orellana" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&oldid=1269866622" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bixa_orellana&id=1269866622&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBixa_orellana"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBixa_orellana"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bixa_orellana&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q147701" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Achiote&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Achiote">Achiote</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Achiote" redirects here. For the corregimiento in Panama, see <a href="/wiki/Achiote,_Col%C3%B3n" title="Achiote, Colón">Achiote, Colón</a>. For the tuber known as anchote, see <a href="/wiki/Coccinia_abyssinica" title="Coccinia abyssinica">Coccinia abyssinica</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Achiote </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Achiote_pj.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Achiote_pj.JPG/250px-Achiote_pj.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Achiote_pj.JPG/330px-Achiote_pj.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Achiote_pj.JPG/500px-Achiote_pj.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Achiote seed pods </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Bixa" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bixa" title="Bixa"><i>Bixa</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>B. orellana</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Bixa orellana</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Bixa tinctaria</i> <small>Salisb. </small></li><li><i>Orellana orellana</i> <small>(L.) Kuntze </small></li><li><i>Bixa orleana</i> <small>Noronha </small></li><li><i>Bixa americana</i> <small>Poir. </small></li><li><i>Bixa purpurea</i> <small>Sweet </small></li><li><i>Bixa odorata</i> <small>Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don </small></li><li><i>Bixa acuminata</i> <small>Bojer </small></li><li><i>Orellana americana</i> <small>(Poir.) Kuntze </small></li><li><i>Bixa upatensis</i> <small>Ram.Goyena </small></li><li><i>Bixa katangensis</i> <small>Delpierre </small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Bixa orellana</b></i>, also known as <b>achiote</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> or small <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a> native to <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Bixa orellana</i> is grown in many countries worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plant is best known as the source of <a href="/wiki/Annatto" title="Annatto">annatto</a>, a natural orange-red condiment (also called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">achiote</i></span> or <span title="undetermined-language text"><i lang="und-Latn">bijol</i></span>) obtained from the waxy <a href="/wiki/Aril" title="Aril">arils</a> that cover its seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ground seeds are widely used in traditional dishes in <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Cochinita_pibil" title="Cochinita pibil">cochinita pibil</a></i>, chicken in <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">achiote</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">caldo de olla</i></span>, and <span title="Pipil-language text"><i lang="ppl"><a href="/wiki/Nacatamal" title="Nacatamal">nacatamal</a></i></span>. Annatto and its extracts are also used as an industrial <a href="/wiki/Food_coloring" title="Food coloring">food coloring</a> to add yellow or orange color to many products such as <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>, margarine, ice creams, meats, and condiments.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of the Americas">indigenous peoples</a> of North, Central, and South America originally used the seeds to make red <a href="/wiki/Body_paint" class="mw-redirect" title="Body paint">body paint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lipstick" title="Lipstick">lipstick</a>, as well as a spice.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, the <i>Bixa orellana</i> is sometimes called the <b>lipstick tree</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_common_names">Etymology and common names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and common names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Bixa orellana</i> was given by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>. The botanical <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> name derives from the aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_language" title="Taíno language">Taíno</a> word "bixa", while the <a href="/wiki/Specific_epithet" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific epithet">specific epithet</a> was derived in honor of the Amazon explorer <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Orellana" title="Francisco de Orellana">Francisco de Orellana</a>, an early explorer of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>achiote</i> derives from the <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> word for the shrub, <span title="Nahuatl languages collective text"><i lang="nah">āchiotl</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nah-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">[aːˈt͡ʃiot͡ɬ]</a></span>. It may also be referred to as <span title="undetermined-language text"><i lang="und-Latn">aploppas</i></span>, or by its original <a href="/wiki/Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupi</a> name <span title="Tupi languages collective text"><i lang="tup">uruku</i></span>, <span title="Tupi languages collective text"><i lang="tup">urucu</i></span> or <span title="Tupi languages collective text"><i lang="tup">urucum</i></span> ("red color"), which is also used for the body paint prepared from its seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colloquial names include <i>bija</i>, <i>roucou</i>, <i>orellana</i>, <i>annatto</i>, <i>achiote</i>, and many other names used regionally.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nickname, "lipstick tree", derived from use of the dye as a <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Bixa orellana</i> is a perennial, tall shrub to small evergreen tree that can reach 6–10 m (20–33 ft) high.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It bears clusters of 5 cm (2 in) bright white or pink flowers, resembling single wild roses, that appear at the tips of the branches.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruits of the <i>Bixa orellana</i> are globular, ovoid capsules arranged in clusters resembling spiky looking red-brown seed pods covered in soft spines.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each capsule, or pod, contains 30–45 cone-shaped seeds covered in a thin waxy blood-red <a href="/wiki/Aril" title="Aril">aril</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When fully mature, the pod dries, hardens, and splits open, thereby exposing the seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plant is most well known as the source of the red-orange annatto pigment. The pigment is derived from the pericarp (the waxy aril layer that covers the seeds) of the <i>Bixa orellana</i> fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red-orange annatto dye is rich in the <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigments</a>, 80% which consists of <a href="/wiki/Bixin" title="Bixin">bixin</a> (the red pigment) and <a href="/wiki/Norbixin" class="mw-redirect" title="Norbixin">norbixin</a> or orelline (the yellow pigment).<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jar_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annatto oil contains <a href="/wiki/Tocotrienol" title="Tocotrienol">tocotrienols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta-carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-carotene">beta-carotene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unsaturated_fat" title="Unsaturated fat">unsaturated fatty acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the exact origin of <i>Bixa orellana</i> is unknown, it is native to northern South America and the Central American tropics: "it is said to be indigenous by Seemann on the northwest coast of Mexico and Panama, by Triana in New Granada, by Meyer in Dutch Guiana, and by Piso and Claussen in Brazil".<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <i>Bixa orellana</i> is found in substantial wild and cultivated acreages from <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although an <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>, it is cultivated in many world regions.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 16th and 17th centuries, the annatto dye was distributed to <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, Africa, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, Hawaii and southeastern North America in tropical and subtropical regions through trading exchanges.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became cultivated in tropical regions of Asia, such as India, Sri Lanka, and Java mainly for the dye which the seeds yield.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bixa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bixa.jpg/220px-Bixa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bixa.jpg/330px-Bixa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bixa.jpg/440px-Bixa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Achiote flower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bixa_orellana_fruit_roucou_kourou_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bixa_orellana_fruit_roucou_kourou_2.jpg/250px-Bixa_orellana_fruit_roucou_kourou_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bixa_orellana_fruit_roucou_kourou_2.jpg/330px-Bixa_orellana_fruit_roucou_kourou_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bixa_orellana_fruit_roucou_kourou_2.jpg/500px-Bixa_orellana_fruit_roucou_kourou_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Mature achiote pods, showing the red seeds</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Bixa orellana</i> grows easily in subtropical to tropical climates, in frost-free regions sheltered from cool winds.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It prefers year-round moisture, good drainage, and moderately fertile soil in full sun or partial shade. It can be propagated from seed and cuttings. Cutting-grown plants flower at a younger age than seedlings.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main commercial producers of <i>B. orellana</i> are countries in Latin America (specifically Peru, Brazil and Mexico), which constitute 60% of total world production followed by Africa (27% of total world production) and Asia (12% of total world production).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The article does not focus on global cultivation (more about pigment synthesis) and does not cite the source of their production statistics (February 2019)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Production statistics are not usually available and would not provide a reliable guide to international trade, since many of the producing countries use significant quantities domestically (e.g., Brazil is a large producer and consumer, needing additional imports). Annual world production of dried annatto seed at the beginning of the 21st century was estimated at 10,000 tons, of which 7,000 tons enter international trade. Peru is the largest exporter of annatto seed, annually about 4,000 tons; Brazil the largest producer, with about 5,000 tons. Kenya exports annually about 1,500 tons annatto seed and extracts and is the second-largest exporter, after Peru. Côte d'Ivoire, Angola, and the Philippines are also exporters.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial_uses">Industrial uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Industrial uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urucum_virgim_oil.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Urucum_virgim_oil.JPG/220px-Urucum_virgim_oil.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Urucum_virgim_oil.JPG/330px-Urucum_virgim_oil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Urucum_virgim_oil.JPG/440px-Urucum_virgim_oil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Oil of <i>Bixa orellana</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Before synthetic dyes revolutionized industry, <i>Bixa orellana</i> (which is the only plant to produce the <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> <a href="/wiki/Bixin" title="Bixin">bixin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was planted commercially. The pigment is extracted from the pericarp of the seeds through use of alkaline water, vegetable oil, or organic solvents.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annatto pigment has global economic significance, as it is one of the most widely used natural dyes to color food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. It is used commonly in foods because the coloring does not alter the flavor and is not toxic.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mainly used to dye <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>, meats, dairy products (cheeses, butter and margarine) and <a href="/wiki/Condiments" class="mw-redirect" title="Condiments">condiments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cabi_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cosmetic products include lipstick, hair coloring products, nail polish, soaps, lacquers and paints.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culinary_uses">Culinary uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Culinary uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ground <i>Bixa orellana</i> seeds are often mixed with other seeds or spices to form a paste or powder for culinary uses in <a href="/wiki/Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American">Latin American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine cuisine">Filipino</a> cuisines. The seeds are heated in <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a> to extract their dye and flavor for use in dishes and processed foods such as <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">gravy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauce" title="Sauce">sauces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cured_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cured meat">cured meats</a>, and other items. The seeds impart a subtle flavor and aroma and a yellow to reddish-orange color to food. </p><p>A condiment called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">sazón</i></span> is commonly used in Spanish, Latin American, and Caribbean cuisine for meats and fish. The Spanish word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">sazón</i></span> means "season" or "seasoning". <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Sazón</i></span> is made with ground <i>Bixa orellana</i> seeds and packaged into small, disposable foil packets for easy use. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>, coriander seeds, salt, and garlic powder are included in these <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">sazón</i></span> condiment packets.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands, the annatto pigment is also used to make yellow rice and is sometimes added to <a href="/wiki/Sofrito" title="Sofrito">sofrito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, in the <a href="/wiki/French_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="French Caribbean">French Caribbean</a>, it is added to a fish or pork stew called blaff.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, a powder known as <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">colorau</i></span> or <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">colorífico</i></span> is made from the ground seeds combined with filler seeds like <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>. This powder is similar to and sometimes replaces <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, the most common way achiote is used in their <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Nicaragua">cuisine and dishes</a> is in the form of a paste. It is used in many national dishes,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as chancho con yuca, <a href="/wiki/Nacatamal" title="Nacatamal">nacatamal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fritanga" title="Fritanga">fritanga</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yucatán (state)">Yucatecan</a> condiment called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">recado rojo</a></i></span>, or "achiote paste", is made from ground <i>Bixa orellana</i> seeds combined with other spices and is a mainstay in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belizean</a> cuisines.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_uses">Traditional uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Traditional uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One major traditional use of the <i>Bixa orellana</i> plant was for body, face, and hair paint among various tribes and ancient civilizations either for decorative purposes or as <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">omens</a> to ward off evil spirits and illnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been reported to be used by Brazilian native tribes, the native <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taínos</a> in Puerto Rico, the <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%A1chila" title="Tsáchila">Tsáchila</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> and different Amazonian tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish Conquest</a>, the <i>Bixa orellana</i> was introduced to peoples like the <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Incas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mochica_language" title="Mochica language">Mochicas</a>, who showed evidence of later use.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aztecs also apparently used the annatto pigment as red ink for manuscript painting in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Bixa orellana</i> is used in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-morton_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tree has been used in <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a>, the folk medicine practices of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, where different parts of the plant are thought to be useful as therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plant is valued for its stem fiber to make rope mats and for the adhesive gum.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad,_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="With fruits in Hyderabad, India"><img alt="With fruits in Hyderabad, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg/120px-Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg/180px-Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg/240px-Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">With fruits in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad, India</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bixa_orellana_fruit_in_Hyderabad,_AP_W_IMG_1457.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit in Hyderabad, India"><img alt="Fruit in Hyderabad, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Bixa_orellana_fruit_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1457.jpg/120px-Bixa_orellana_fruit_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1457.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Bixa_orellana_fruit_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1457.jpg/180px-Bixa_orellana_fruit_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1457.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Bixa_orellana_fruit_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1457.jpg/240px-Bixa_orellana_fruit_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1457.jpg 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit in Hyderabad, India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urucum_(bixa_orellana)_seeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Split seed pod"><img alt="Split seed pod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg/120px-Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg/180px-Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg/240px-Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Split seed pod</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Emilio_Aguinaldo,_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seed pod closeup"><img alt="Seed pod closeup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_18.jpg/120px-General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_18.jpg/180px-General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_18.jpg/240px-General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seed pod closeup</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Emilio_Aguinaldo,_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit"><img alt="Fruit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_13.jpg/120px-General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_13.jpg/250px-General_Emilio_Aguinaldo%2C_Bixa_orellana_jf9216_13.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bixa_orellana_MHNT.BOT.2018.28.11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bixa orellana – MHNT"><img alt="Bixa orellana – MHNT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bixa_orellana_MHNT.BOT.2018.28.11.jpg/120px-Bixa_orellana_MHNT.BOT.2018.28.11.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bixa_orellana_MHNT.BOT.2018.28.11.jpg/180px-Bixa_orellana_MHNT.BOT.2018.28.11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bixa_orellana_MHNT.BOT.2018.28.11.jpg/240px-Bixa_orellana_MHNT.BOT.2018.28.11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2914" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Bixa orellana</i> – <a href="/wiki/MHNT" class="mw-redirect" title="MHNT">MHNT</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWheeler,_L.Beech,_E.2019" class="citation journal cs1">Wheeler, L.; Beech, E. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61986316/61986320">"<i>Bixa orellana</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2019</b>: e.T61986316A61986320. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T61986316A61986320.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T61986316A61986320.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Bixa+orellana&rft.volume=2019&rft.pages=e.T61986316A61986320&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T61986316A61986320.en&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+L.&rft.au=Beech%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F61986316%2F61986320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=22274">Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cabi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabi_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/9242">"<i>Bixa orellana</i> (annatto)"</a>. Center for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI). 27 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bixa+orellana+%28annatto%29&rft.pub=Center+for+Agriculture+and+Biosciences+International+%28CABI%29&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabi.org%2Fisc%2Fdatasheet%2F9242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morton_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorton1960" class="citation journal cs1">Morton, Julia F. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011013753/http://journals.fcla.edu/fshs/article/view/101136/97080">"Can Annatto (<i>Bixa orellana</i>, L.), an old source of food color, meet new needs for safe dye?"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society</i>. <b>73</b>: <span class="nowrap">301–</span>309. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.fcla.edu/fshs/article/view/101136/97080">the original</a> on 11 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Florida+State+Horticultural+Society&rft.atitle=Can+Annatto+%28Bixa+orellana%2C+L.%29%2C+an+old+source+of+food+color%2C+meet+new+needs+for+safe+dye%3F&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E301-%3C%2Fspan%3E309&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Julia+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.fcla.edu%2Ffshs%2Farticle%2Fview%2F101136%2F97080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevyRivadeneira2000" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Luis W.; Rivadeneira, Diana M. (2000). "Annatto". In Lauro, Gabriel J.; Francis, F. Jack (eds.). <i>Natural Food Colorants Science and Technology</i>. IFT Basic Symposium Series. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-0421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-0421-6"><bdi>978-0-8247-0421-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Annatto&rft.btitle=Natural+Food+Colorants+Science+and+Technology&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=IFT+Basic+Symposium+Series&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-0421-6&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Luis+W.&rft.au=Rivadeneira%2C+Diana+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BIOR">"Plants profile for <i>Bixa orellana</i> (lipsticktree)"</a>. Plants database, US Department of Agriculture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plants+profile+for+Bixa+orellana+%28lipsticktree%29&rft.pub=Plants+database%2C+US+Department+of+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplants.usda.gov%2Fcore%2Fprofile%3Fsymbol%3DBIOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVilarVilarMouraRaffin2014" class="citation journal cs1">Vilar, Daniela de Araújo; Vilar, Marina Suênia de Araujo; Moura, Túlio Flávio Accioly de Lima e; et al. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094728">"Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Bixa orellana L.: A Review"</a>. <i>The Scientific World Journal</i>. <b>2014</b>: 857292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2014%2F857292">10.1155/2014/857292</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2356-6140">2356-6140</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094728">4094728</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25050404">25050404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scientific+World+Journal&rft.atitle=Traditional+Uses%2C+Chemical+Constituents%2C+and+Biological+Activities+of+Bixa+orellana+L.%3A+A+Review&rft.volume=2014&rft.pages=857292&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4094728%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2356-6140&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25050404&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2014%2F857292&rft.aulast=Vilar&rft.aufirst=Daniela+de+Ara%C3%BAjo&rft.au=Vilar%2C+Marina+Su%C3%AAnia+de+Araujo&rft.au=Moura%2C+T%C3%BAlio+Fl%C3%A1vio+Accioly+de+Lima+e&rft.au=Raffin%2C+Fernanda+Nervo&rft.au=Oliveira%2C+M%C3%A1rcia+Rosa+de&rft.au=Franco%2C+Camilo+Flamarion+de+Oliveira&rft.au=de+Athayde-Filho%2C+Petr%C3%B4nio+Filgueiras&rft.au=Diniz%2C+Margareth+de+F%C3%A1tima+Formiga+Melo&rft.au=Barbosa-Filho%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4094728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jar-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jar_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUl-IslamRatherMohammad2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ul-Islam, S.; Rather, L. J.; Mohammad, F. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4856788">"Phytochemistry, biological activities and potential of annatto in natural colorant production for industrial applications – A review"</a>. <i>Journal of Advanced Research</i>. <b>7</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">499–</span>514. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jare.2015.11.002">10.1016/j.jare.2015.11.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4856788">4856788</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27222755">27222755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Advanced+Research&rft.atitle=Phytochemistry%2C+biological+activities+and+potential+of+annatto+in+natural+colorant+production+for+industrial+applications+%E2%80%93+A+review&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E499-%3C%2Fspan%3E514&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4856788%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27222755&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jare.2015.11.002&rft.aulast=Ul-Islam&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Rather%2C+L.+J.&rft.au=Mohammad%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4856788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFÂngela_de_Almeida_MeirelesLima_Cavalcante_de_Albuquerque" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ângela de Almeida Meireles, Maria; Lima Cavalcante de Albuquerque, Carolina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inova.unicamp.br/sici/visoes/ajax/ax_pdf_divulgacao.php?token=QyjKaJjh">"Processo otimizado para obtenção de óleo rico em antioxidantes de urucum"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Inova</i> (in Portuguese). Unicamp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 Jun</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inova&rft.atitle=Processo+otimizado+para+obten%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+%C3%B3leo+rico+em+antioxidantes+de+urucum&rft.aulast=%C3%82ngela+de+Almeida+Meireles&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Lima+Cavalcante+de+Albuquerque%2C+Carolina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inova.unicamp.br%2Fsici%2Fvisoes%2Fajax%2Fax_pdf_divulgacao.php%3Ftoken%3DQyjKaJjh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lord, Tony (2003) <i>Flora : The Gardener's Bible : More than 20,000 garden plants from around the world</i>. London: Cassell. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-36435-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-36435-5">0-304-36435-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaddatz-MotaPérez-FloresCarrariMendoza-Espinoza2017" class="citation journal cs1">Raddatz-Mota, Denise; Pérez-Flores, Laura J.; Carrari, Fernando; et al. (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5430180">"Achiote (Bixa orellana L.): a natural source of pigment and vitamin E"</a>. <i>Journal of Food Science and Technology</i>. <b>54</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1729–</span>1741. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13197-017-2579-7">10.1007/s13197-017-2579-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1155">0022-1155</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5430180">5430180</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28559632">28559632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Achiote+%28Bixa+orellana+L.%29%3A+a+natural+source+of+pigment+and+vitamin+E&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1729-%3C%2Fspan%3E1741&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5430180%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0022-1155&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28559632&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13197-017-2579-7&rft.aulast=Raddatz-Mota&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft.au=P%C3%A9rez-Flores%2C+Laura+J.&rft.au=Carrari%2C+Fernando&rft.au=Mendoza-Espinoza%2C+Jos%C3%A9+A.&rft.au=de+Le%C3%B3n-S%C3%A1nchez%2C+Fernando+D%C3%ADaz&rft.au=Pinz%C3%B3n-L%C3%B3pez%2C+Luis+L.&rft.au=Godoy-Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Gregorio&rft.au=Rivera-Cabrera%2C+Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5430180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJansen2005" class="citation web cs1">Jansen, P. C. M. (2005). Jansen, P. C. M.; Cardon, D. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120191458/http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Bixa%20orellana_En.htm">"Bixa orellana L."</a> <i>PROTA 3: Dyes and tannins/Colorants et tanins</i>. PROTA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Bixa%20orellana_En.htm">the original</a> on 20 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 Oct</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PROTA+3%3A+Dyes+and+tannins%2FColorants+et+tanins&rft.atitle=Bixa+orellana+L.&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=P.+C.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatabase.prota.org%2FPROTAhtml%2FBixa%2520orellana_En.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2013/07/14/965511/phl-exports-atsuete-vietnam">"Phl exports 'atsuete' to Vietnam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a>. July 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phl+exports+%27atsuete%27+to+Vietnam&rft.date=2013-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fbusiness%2Fagriculture%2F2013%2F07%2F14%2F965511%2Fphl-exports-atsuete-vietnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBouvierDogboCamara2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bouvier, Florence; Dogbo, Odette; Camara, Bilal (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3834418">"Biosynthesis of the Food and Cosmetic Plant Pigment Bixin (Annatto)"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>300</b> (5628): <span class="nowrap">2089–</span>2091. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Sci...300.2089B">2003Sci...300.2089B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1085162">10.1126/science.1085162</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3834418">3834418</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12829782">12829782</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:560600">560600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Biosynthesis+of+the+Food+and+Cosmetic+Plant+Pigment+Bixin+%28Annatto%29&rft.volume=300&rft.issue=5628&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2089-%3C%2Fspan%3E2091&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A560600%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Sci...300.2089B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1085162&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3834418%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12829782&rft.aulast=Bouvier&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft.au=Dogbo%2C+Odette&rft.au=Camara%2C+Bilal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3834418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-is-achiote-or-annatto-2138265">"Achiote: The Spice That Dyes Food Yellow"</a>. <i>The Spruce Eats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spruce+Eats&rft.atitle=Achiote%3A+The+Spice+That+Dyes+Food+Yellow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespruceeats.com%2Fwhat-is-achiote-or-annatto-2138265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/V1-367.html">"New Crops from Brazil"</a>. Purdue University. 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Crops+from+Brazil&rft.pub=Purdue+University&rft.date=1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hort.purdue.edu%2Fnewcrop%2Fproceedings1990%2FV1-367.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gonzalez, Martha (30 Sep 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laprensa.com.ni/2017/09/30/espectaculo/2305882-el-achiote-un-colorante-saludable">"El achiote un colorante saludable"</a> (in Spanish). Editorial La Prensa S.A<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 Aug</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+achiote+un+colorante+saludable&rft.pub=Editorial+La+Prensa+S.A.&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laprensa.com.ni%2F2017%2F09%2F30%2Fespectaculo%2F2305882-el-achiote-un-colorante-saludable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.los-dos.com/recipes/verarticulo.php?IdArticulo=266">"RECIPE: Recado Rojo"</a>. <i>LOS DOS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LOS+DOS&rft.atitle=RECIPE%3A+Recado+Rojo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.los-dos.com%2Frecipes%2Fverarticulo.php%3FIdArticulo%3D266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonkin1974" class="citation journal cs1">Donkin, R. A. (1974). "Bixa Orellana: "The Eternal Shrub"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Anthropos</i>. <b>69</b> (1/2): <span class="nowrap">33–</span>56. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0257-9774">0257-9774</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40458510">40458510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropos&rft.atitle=Bixa+Orellana%3A+%22The+Eternal+Shrub%22&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40458510%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0257-9774&rft.aulast=Donkin&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aic.stanford.edu/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-05.html">"Colorants Used During Mexico's Early Colonial Period"</a>. Stanford University. 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080320051026/http://aic.stanford.edu/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-05.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colorants+Used+During+Mexico%27s+Early+Colonial+Period&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faic.stanford.edu%2Fsg%2Fbpg%2Fannual%2Fv16%2Fbp16-05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhare2007" class="citation book cs1">Khare, C. P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/medicine/complementary+%26+alternative+medicine/book/978-0-387-70637-5"><i>Indian Medicinal Plants</i></a>. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-70638-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-70638-2"><bdi>978-0-387-70638-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Medicinal+Plants&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media%2C+LLC&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-387-70638-2&rft.aulast=Khare&rft.aufirst=C.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fmedicine%2Fcomplementary%2B%2526%2Balternative%2Bmedicine%2Fbook%2F978-0-387-70637-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllison,_Don1999" class="citation book cs1">Ellison, Don (1999). <i>Cultivated Plants of the World</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_Publishers" title="New Holland Publishers">New Holland Publishers</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultivated+Plants+of+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Ellison%2C+Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraf,_Alfred_Byrd1986" class="citation book cs1">Graf, Alfred Byrd (1986). <i>Tropica: color cyclopedia of exotic plants and trees for warm-region horticulture—in cool climate the summer garden or sheltered indoors</i> (3rd ed.). East Rutherford, N.J.: Roehrs Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tropica%3A+color+cyclopedia+of+exotic+plants+and+trees+for+warm-region+horticulture%E2%80%94in+cool+climate+the+summer+garden+or+sheltered+indoors&rft.place=East+Rutherford%2C+N.J.&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Roehrs+Co.&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Graf%2C+Alfred+Byrd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacoboy,_Stirling1979" class="citation book cs1">Macoboy, Stirling (1979). <i>What Tree is That?</i> (1st ed.). Sydney, Australia: Ure Smith. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7254-0480-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7254-0480-9"><bdi>0-7254-0480-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Tree+is+That%3F&rft.place=Sydney%2C+Australia&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ure+Smith&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-7254-0480-9&rft.au=Macoboy%2C+Stirling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABixa+orellana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Bixa orellana">Bixa orellana</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lipstick_tree" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:lipstick tree">lipstick tree</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bixa_orellana" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bixa orellana">Bixa orellana</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers5076" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers5076" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Bixa orellana</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147701" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q147701">Q147701</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bixa_orellana" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bixa orellana">Bixa orellana</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/11912">11912</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/55829">55829</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=484118">484118</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/LY5D">LY5D</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=520">520</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/584439">584439</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/BIXOR">BIXOR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200014319">200014319</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Bixa%20orellana">Bixa orellana</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014319">200014319</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2874863">2874863</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=7249">7249</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/127676">127676</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/33335-2">33335-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11163869">11163869</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/9242">9242</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22251">22251</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/61986316">61986316</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277939">277939</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.151105/">2.151105</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=66672">66672</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/c326cf7e-2156-4ee9-a3ed-8ffbc4291d23">c326cf7e-2156-4ee9-a3ed-8ffbc4291d23</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=287352">287352</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-22274">kew-22274</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/BIOR">BIOR</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A33335-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:33335-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/3800005">3800005</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000342565">wfo-0000342565</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&oldid=1269866622">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&oldid=1269866622</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_species" title="Category:IUCN Red List least concern species">IUCN Red List least concern species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bixaceae" title="Category:Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops_originating_from_Peru" title="Category:Crops originating from Peru">Crops originating from Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops_originating_from_the_Americas" title="Category:Crops originating from the Americas">Crops originating from the Americas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oaxacan_cuisine" title="Category:Oaxacan cuisine">Oaxacan cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Central_America" title="Category:Flora of Central America">Flora of Central America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Southern_America" title="Category:Flora of Southern America">Flora of Southern America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medicinal_plants_of_Central_America" title="Category:Medicinal plants of Central America">Medicinal plants of Central America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medicinal_plants_of_South_America" title="Category:Medicinal plants of South America">Medicinal plants of South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plants_described_in_1753" title="Category:Plants described in 1753">Plants described in 1753</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plant_dyes" title="Category:Plant dyes">Plant dyes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Category:Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Carl_Linnaeus" title="Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus">Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trees_of_Belize" title="Category:Trees of Belize">Trees of Belize</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trees_of_Brazil" title="Category:Trees of Brazil">Trees of Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trees_of_South_America" title="Category:Trees of South America">Trees of South America</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_undetermined-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing undetermined-language text">Articles containing undetermined-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Pipil-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Pipil-language text">Articles containing Pipil-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_text_in_Nahuatl_languages" title="Category:Articles with text in Nahuatl languages">Articles with text in Nahuatl languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Nahuatl_languages_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Nahuatl languages IPA">Pages with Nahuatl languages IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_text_in_Tupi_languages" title="Category:Articles with text in Tupi languages">Articles with text in Tupi languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_February_2019" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from February 2019">Articles lacking reliable references from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_25%E2%80%9329_taxon_IDs" title="Category:Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs">Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 January 2025, at 20:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bixa_orellana&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Bixa orellana</i></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>60 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-57jgk","wgBackendResponseTime":136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.900","walltime":"1.189","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6959,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":86528,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6481,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":32,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":107180,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":28,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1092.130 1 -total"," 23.43% 255.904 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 22.25% 242.950 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.56% 213.662 1 Template:Speciesbox"," 19.03% 207.839 1 Template:Taxobox/core"," 10.38% 113.363 17 Template:Lang"," 8.25% 90.137 1 Template:Cite_iucn"," 6.92% 75.527 1 Template:Short_description"," 3.92% 42.864 9 Template:Cite_web"," 3.84% 41.967 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.632","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21399685,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7885d66c88-pkvkt","timestamp":"20250331025915","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bixa orellana","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bixa_orellana","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q147701","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q147701","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-07T14:58:11Z","dateModified":"2025-01-16T20:05:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a2\/Achiote_pj.JPG","headline":"species of South American plant"}</script> </body> </html>