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Design Cross sectional study. Setting Six general practices in East Anglia. Subjects 103 men and 134 women aged 20-54 with asthma. Main outcome measures Self reported use of agonists, inhaled steroids, and oral steroids. Results No sex difference was found in use of agonists or inhaled steroids. However a strong association existed between sex and oral steroid use. 40 (30%) women reported using oral steroids compared with nine (9%) men. Women were more than five times (odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 13.7) more likely to report use of oral steroids than men after asthma symptoms, age, visits to the general practitioner in previous six months, and time since diagnosis of asthma were controlled for. Women who had visited the general practitioner for asthma one or more times in the previous six months were four times (3.9, 1.6 to 9.5) as likely to report use of oral steroids. In addition, more frequent visits to the general practitioner for asthma were related in a dose-response manner to a greater likelihood of using oral steroids among women after asthma symptoms, age, and time since diagnosis were controlled for. This relation was not observed among men. Conclusion Women used oral steroids more than men. The more frequent consultations with a doctor by women may result in more requests for oral steroids or doctors may preferentially prescribe oral steroids to women.","publication_date":"1998,,","publication_name":"BMJ","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"43948644"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Sex differences in the use of asthma drugs: cross sectional study","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [42067616]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Sex differences in the use of asthma drugs: cross sectional study</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42067616" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NancySantanello"><img alt="Profile image of Nancy Santanello" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Nancy Santanello</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1998, BMJ</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" 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data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="14183705" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14183705/Changes_in_the_use_of_anti_asthmatic_medication_in_an_international_cohort">Changes in the use of anti-asthmatic medication in an international cohort</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33168105" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MassimilianoBugiani">Massimiliano Bugiani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Respiratory Journal, 2005</p><div 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A population-based study of prescription data from 1991 and 1994","attachmentId":43231914,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22636668/Are_young_adults_with_asthma_treated_sufficiently_with_inhaled_steroids_A_population_based_study_of_prescription_data_from_1991_and_1994","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22636668/Are_young_adults_with_asthma_treated_sufficiently_with_inhaled_steroids_A_population_based_study_of_prescription_data_from_1991_and_1994"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="18679583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18679583/Association_between_prescribing_patterns_of_anti_asthmatic_drugs_and_clinically_uncontrolled_asthma_A_cross_sectional_study">Association between prescribing patterns of anti-asthmatic drugs and clinically uncontrolled asthma: A cross-sectional study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38751521" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JesperLykkegaard2">Jesper Lykkegaard</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38993510" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidsenJ">J. Davidsen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Studies based on prescription data have shown that many asthmatics tend to use large quantities of inhaled beta-2-agonists, suggesting poorly controlled disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between clinically uncontrolled asthma and prescribing patterns of anti-asthmatic drugs with a primary focus on short-acting beta-2-agonists (SABA). In a cross-sectional study 357 subjects, selected by their prescriptions of inhaled beta-2-agonists in Odense Pharmaco-Epidemiological Database, underwent individual clinical assessment including the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and spirometry. The associations between uncontrolled asthma (ACQ score ≥ 1.50) and individual anti-asthmatic prescribing were analysed by means of logistic regression. Clinically uncontrolled asthma was positively associated with SABA use, the association becoming stronger with higher annual quantity of SABA use, odds ratio (OR) 11.1 (95% CI 4.4-28.0) for ≥400 DDD/year. This trend persisted after stratifying for gender, age, and controller treatment. Although subjects using ≥450 DDD/year were all uncontrolled, there was substantial overlap in SABA use between controlled and uncontrolled subjects below this limit. We found no effect modification by age and gender. Use of inhaled corticosteroids protected against uncontrolled asthma, OR 0.51 (95% CI 0.27-0.95). Asthmatics with a high use of SABA frequently have problems with uncontrolled asthma, and users of ICS are protected against uncontrolled asthma. The associations we found were, however, to weak too allow firm conclusions about asthma control for most individual asthma patients.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Association between prescribing patterns of anti-asthmatic drugs and clinically uncontrolled asthma: A cross-sectional study","attachmentId":42146283,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18679583/Association_between_prescribing_patterns_of_anti_asthmatic_drugs_and_clinically_uncontrolled_asthma_A_cross_sectional_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18679583/Association_between_prescribing_patterns_of_anti_asthmatic_drugs_and_clinically_uncontrolled_asthma_A_cross_sectional_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="102628485" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102628485/Pharmaceutical_care_for_adult_asthma_patients_A_controlled_intervention_one_year_follow_up_study">Pharmaceutical care for adult asthma patients: A controlled intervention one‐year follow‐up study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52203264" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HusseinHallak">Hussein Hallak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Basic &amp; Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pharmaceutical care for adult asthma patients: A controlled intervention one‐year follow‐up study","attachmentId":102848499,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102628485/Pharmaceutical_care_for_adult_asthma_patients_A_controlled_intervention_one_year_follow_up_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102628485/Pharmaceutical_care_for_adult_asthma_patients_A_controlled_intervention_one_year_follow_up_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="78341853" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78341853/Factors_Associated_with_the_Appropriate_Use_of_Asthma_Drugs">Factors Associated with the Appropriate Use of Asthma Drugs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="177917780" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DKitsonMills">Doris Kitson-Mills</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">BACKGROUND: When used properly, asthma drugs can reduce asthma-related morbidity and mortality.OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of asthma drugs, and to identify factors associated with appropriateness of use among patients 12 to 45 years of age.METHODS: Asthmatic patients were interviewed about their asthma drug(s) use and the factors potentially associated with appropriateness of use according to the 2003 Canadian Asthma Consensus Conference guidelines. To determine the factors associated with the appropriate use of asthma drugs, a multivariate logistic regression model was built using a stepwise procedure, and ORs and associated 95% CIs were calculated.RESULTS: Of the 349 study participants, 43 (12.3%) reported appropriate use of their asthma drugs. Respondents who were more likely to report appropriate use were patients with sound knowledge of their asthma drugs (OR 2.61 [95% CI 1.29 to 5.29]), those in good, very good or excellent self-perceived health (OR 3.37 [95% CI 1.31 to 8.71]...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors Associated with the Appropriate Use of Asthma Drugs","attachmentId":85426866,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78341853/Factors_Associated_with_the_Appropriate_Use_of_Asthma_Drugs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78341853/Factors_Associated_with_the_Appropriate_Use_of_Asthma_Drugs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="89481885" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89481885/Prescribing_pattern_in_patients_of_asthma_visiting_outpatient_departments_of_a_tertiary_care_hospital_a_cross_sectional_observational_study">Prescribing pattern in patients of asthma visiting outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional, observational study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35090996" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrHemanginiAcharya">Dr.Hemangini Acharya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Objective of the study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern in patients of asthma visiting outpatient departments.Methods: Collected prescriptions were analyzed for demographic variables, proportions of various comorbid conditions, average number of drugs per prescription, average number of anti-asthmatic drugs per prescription, proportion of prescription with antibiotics, fixed dose combinations, and generic/brand names, proportion of formulations utilized, proportion of concomitant medications and possible drug interactions, average cost per prescription, average cost of antiasthmatic drugs per prescription, proportion of irrational prescription and adverse drug reactions.Results: Total 139 prescriptions were evaluated. Deriphyllin was the most commonly prescribed anti-asthmatic drug followed by beta agonist- steroid combination. Majority drugs were prescribed by inhalational route. Deriphyllin, and dexamethasone were prescribed by oral route and salbutamol was by b...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prescribing pattern in patients of asthma visiting outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional, observational study","attachmentId":93279710,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89481885/Prescribing_pattern_in_patients_of_asthma_visiting_outpatient_departments_of_a_tertiary_care_hospital_a_cross_sectional_observational_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89481885/Prescribing_pattern_in_patients_of_asthma_visiting_outpatient_departments_of_a_tertiary_care_hospital_a_cross_sectional_observational_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="95033691" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95033691/Has_asthma_medication_use_caught_up_with_the_evidence_A_12_year_population_based_study_of_trends">Has asthma medication use caught up with the evidence? A 12-year population-based study of trends</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44752294" href="https://independent.academia.edu/hamidtavakoli3">hamid tavakoli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chest, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The importance of balance between controller and reliever medications in asthma is recognized. However, to what extent real-world practice has caught up with evidence-based guidelines is not studied. This was a retrospective cohort study of individuals 15 to 67 years old who satisfied a validated case definition of asthma in the administrative health data of British Columbia, Canada, between 2002 and 2013. Each patient-year was assessed for inappropriate and excessive prescription of SABAs and the balance between controller and reliever medications. Trends on three time axes were evaluated: calendar time, time course of asthma, and age. Poisson regression was used to test for linear trend. 356,112 patients (56.5% female, mean age 30.5) contributed 2.6M patient-years. In 7.3% of patient-years, SABAs were prescribed inappropriately. This proportion dropped by a relative rate of 5.3%/year (P&lt;0.001). In the first year of asthma, 6.3% of patients had indicators of inappropriate SABA u...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Has asthma medication use caught up with the evidence? A 12-year population-based study of trends","attachmentId":97327281,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95033691/Has_asthma_medication_use_caught_up_with_the_evidence_A_12_year_population_based_study_of_trends","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95033691/Has_asthma_medication_use_caught_up_with_the_evidence_A_12_year_population_based_study_of_trends"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="3212397" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3212397/Inter_country_variations_in_anti_asthmatic_drug_prescriptions_for_children_Systematic_review_of_studies_published_during_the_2000_2009_period">Inter-country variations in anti-asthmatic drug prescriptions for children. Systematic review of studies published during the 2000–2009 period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3674036" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AshvinniRamachandran">Ashvinni Ramachandran</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Objective The objective of this study was to analyse inter-and intra-country quantitative and qualitative differences in anti-asthmatic prescriptions to children and adolescents. Methods A literature search was performed in EMBASE and MEDLINE to identify pharmaco-epidemiological studies published from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2008 in which anti-asthmatic prescription prevalence in out-hospital children was measured. A meta-analytic weighted average and 95% confidence intervals of prescription prevalences were calculated using a random-effect(s) model. Inter- and intra-country quantitative and, where possible, qualitative prescribing patterns were compared and assessed. Results Twelve studies were identified (ten from Europe, one from Canada and one from the USA), but epidemiological indicators varied widely, and only eight were suitable for meta-analysis. The data from these studies revealed inter-country quantitative differences in prescription prevalences in the overall population ≤19 years, with Italy having a prescription prevalence of 19.0%, Canada, 18.0%, USA, 14.6%, Denmark, 13.9%, Norway, 9.1% and the Netherlands, 6.2%. The overall prevalence was 13.3%. The analysis of qualitative inter-country differences revealed that, except for Italy, inhalatory short-acting β-agonists were the most prescribed, followed by inhalatory corticosteroids. Conclusions This first overall analysis of anti-asthmatic utilization studies in out-of-hospital children indicates a wide variability in anti-asthmatic prescription prevalence. It also reveals that epidemiological evaluations should be improved by using homogeneous indicators and, in order to validate the use of anti-asthmatic prescription as a proxy of disease, the diagnosis of asthma should accompany the data of prescriptions within the same population.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Inter-country variations in anti-asthmatic drug prescriptions for children. Systematic review of studies published during the 2000–2009 period","attachmentId":50409839,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3212397/Inter_country_variations_in_anti_asthmatic_drug_prescriptions_for_children_Systematic_review_of_studies_published_during_the_2000_2009_period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3212397/Inter_country_variations_in_anti_asthmatic_drug_prescriptions_for_children_Systematic_review_of_studies_published_during_the_2000_2009_period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43948644,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43948644,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_43948644" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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