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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pharnavazid kings of Iberia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharnavazid_kings_of_Iberia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pharnavazid kings of Iberia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pharnavazid_kings_of_Iberia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Third dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharnavazid_kings_of_Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharnavazid_kings_of_Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pharnavazid kings of Armenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharnavazid_kings_of_Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pharnavazid dynasty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharnavazingas" title="Pharnavazingas – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Pharnavazingas" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnavazianlar" title="Farnavazianlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Farnavazianlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnab%C3%A0zida" title="Farnabàzida – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Farnabàzida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnawasiden" title="Parnawasiden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parnawasiden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلسله پارناوازیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلسله پارناوازیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Pharnavaziana" title="Dinastía Pharnavaziana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dinastía Pharnavaziana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_farnabazida" title="Dinastia farnabazida – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dinastia farnabazida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფარნავაზიანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფარნავაზიანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnavazi%C3%ABrs" title="Parnavaziërs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parnavaziërs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_farnab%C3%A1zida" title="Dinastia farnabázida – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia farnabázida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Фарнавазиды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фарнавазиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharnavazid_dynasty" title="Pharnavazid dynasty – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pharnavazid dynasty" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnavazidska_dinastija" title="Farnavazidska dinastija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Farnavazidska dinastija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnavazianit" title="Parnavazianit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Parnavazianit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Фарнавазіди – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фарнавазіди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Georgian kings of Kartli (Iberia)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Pharnavazid dynasty</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Museum_of_History_of_Georgia_(Tbilisi_Archaeological_Museum)_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/State_Museum_of_History_of_Georgia_%28Tbilisi_Archaeological_Museum%29_4.jpg/200px-State_Museum_of_History_of_Georgia_%28Tbilisi_Archaeological_Museum%29_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/State_Museum_of_History_of_Georgia_%28Tbilisi_Archaeological_Museum%29_4.jpg/300px-State_Museum_of_History_of_Georgia_%28Tbilisi_Archaeological_Museum%29_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/State_Museum_of_History_of_Georgia_%28Tbilisi_Archaeological_Museum%29_4.jpg/400px-State_Museum_of_History_of_Georgia_%28Tbilisi_Archaeological_Museum%29_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Claw" title="Claw">Claw</a> foot of the royal <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a> found at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bagineti" title="Mount Bagineti">Mount Bagineti</a>, 2nd century AD. Kept at the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Museum" title="Georgian National Museum">Georgian National Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Armenia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">3rd century BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pharnavaz_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharnavaz I of Iberia">Pharnavaz I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amazasp_II_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazasp II of Iberia">Amazasp II</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Aspacures_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspacures I of Iberia">Aspacures I</a> (through female line)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Style(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Georgian_sovereign" title="Style of the Georgian sovereign">Style of the Georgian sovereign</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Estate(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Iberia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cadet branches</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Iberia">Arsacid dynasty of Iberia</a><br />(through female line)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:History of Georgia (country)">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">History of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_(Georgia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/250px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/375px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg/500px-Gerard_Mercator._Tabula_Asiae_III_%28Georgia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Georgia" title="Prehistoric Georgia">Prehistoric Georgia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kartlos" title="Kartlos">Legend of Kartlos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trialeti_culture" title="Trialeti culture">Trialeti culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Colchian_culture" title="Colchian culture">Colchian culture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient history of Georgia">Ancient history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Kartli" title="Aryan Kartli">Aryan Kartli</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Kingdom of Iberia</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pharnavazid dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Georgia in the Roman era">Georgia in the Roman era</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia">Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_campaign_of_Pompey" title="Caucasian campaign of Pompey">Campaign of Pompey</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iberian%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Iberian–Armenian War">Iberian–Armenian War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazica</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Iberia">Arsacid dynasty of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Iberia" title="Sasanian Iberia">Sasanian Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chosroid_dynasty" title="Chosroid dynasty">Chosroid dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Iberia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Georgia">Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_War" title="Iberian War">Iberian War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lazic_War" title="Lazic War">Lazic War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Umayyad invasion of Georgia">Umayyad invasion of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arab_rule_in_Georgia" title="Arab rule in Georgia">Arab rule in Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Tbilisi" title="Emirate of Tbilisi">Emirate of Tbilisi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tao_(historical_region)" title="Tao (historical region)">Duchy of Tao</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Klarjeti" title="Klarjeti">Duchy of Klarjeti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Bagrationi dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hereti" title="Kingdom of Hereti">Kingdom of Hereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Iberians" title="Kingdom of the Iberians">Kingdom of the Iberians</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Abkhazia" title="Kingdom of Abkhazia">Kingdom of Abkhazia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iberia_(theme)" title="Iberia (theme)">Theme of Iberia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Kldekari" title="Duchy of Kldekari">Duchy of Kldekari</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Unification of the Georgian realm">Unification of the Georgian realm</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Racha" title="Duchy of Racha">Duchy of Racha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti-Hereti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti">Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Georgian_wars" title="Byzantine–Georgian wars">Byzantine–Georgian wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_Invasion" title="Great Turkish Invasion">Great Turkish Invasion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Seljuk_wars" title="Georgian–Seljuk wars">Georgian–Seljuk wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Golden_Age" title="Georgian Golden Age">Georgian Golden Age</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Mongol invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Eastern_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Eastern Georgia">Kingdom of Eastern Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Western_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Western Georgia">Kingdom of Western Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timurid_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Timurid invasions of Georgia">Timurid invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Turkoman invasions of Georgia">Turkoman invasions of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aragvi" title="Duchy of Aragvi">Duchy of Aragvi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Collapse of the Georgian realm">Collapse of the Georgian realm</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern Georgia">Early modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ksani" title="Duchy of Ksani">Duchy of Ksani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samtskhe-Saatabago" title="Samtskhe-Saatabago">Samtskhe-Saatabago</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli" title="Kingdom of Kartli">Kingdom of Kartli</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti">Kingdom of Kakheti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Kingdom of Imereti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Guria" title="Principality of Guria">Principality of Guria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Svaneti" title="Principality of Svaneti">Principality of Svaneti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mingrelia" title="Principality of Mingrelia">Principality of Mingrelia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Abkhazia" title="Principality of Abkhazia">Principality of Abkhazia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Georgia" title="Safavid Georgia">Safavid Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Childir_Eyalet" title="Childir Eyalet">Childir Eyalet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history of Georgia">Modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">Georgia within the Russian Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1832_Georgian_plot" title="1832 Georgian plot">1832 Georgian plot</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gurian_Republic" title="Gurian Republic">Gurian Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)_since_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Georgia (country) since 1991">Georgia since 1991</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History by topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Georgia" title="Names of Georgia">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Georgian_monarchs" title="Lists of Georgian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_states_of_Georgia" title="List of historical states of Georgia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tbilisi" title="History of Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Georgia" title="Military history of Georgia">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of wars involving Georgia (country)">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Georgian battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Georgian_history" title="Timeline of Georgian history">Chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Pharnavazid</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">ფარნავაზიანი</span></span>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">romanized</a>:</span> <span lang="ka-Latn" style="font-style: italic;">parnavaziani</span>) is the name of the first <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgian</a> kings of <a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Iberia</a>) preserved by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Georgian_Chronicles" title="The Georgian Chronicles">The Georgian Chronicles</a></i>. Their rule lasted, with intermissions, from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD. The main male line is reported to have become extinct early on and followed by houses related to it in the female line. By the close of the 2nd century AD, the Pharnavazid rule came to an end and the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Iberia">Arsacid dynasty</a> took over the crown of Iberia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">early medieval</a> Georgian chronicle, <i>The Life of the Georgian Kings</i>, the dynasty descended from <a href="/wiki/Pharnavaz_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharnavaz I of Iberia">Pharnavaz I</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Iberia</a>, who ousted <a href="/wiki/Azoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Azoy">Azo</a>, a ruler allegedly left by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> to govern the country. Pharnavaz, whose story is saturated with legendary imagery and symbols, is not attested directly in non-Georgian sources and there is not definite contemporary indication that he was the first of the Georgian kings. However, the Georgian dynastic tag Parnavaziani ("of/from/named for Parnavaz"), which the early <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenian</a> histories have preserved as P’arnawazean (<a href="/wiki/Faustus_the_Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Faustus the Byzantine">Faustus</a> 5.15; 5th century) and P’arazean (<a href="/wiki/Primary_History_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary History of Armenia">Primary History of Armenia</a> 14; probably the early 5th century), is an acknowledgment that a king named Pharnavaz was understood to have been the founder of a Georgian dynasty. It seems more feasible that as the memory of the historical facts faded, the real Pharnavaz "accumulated a legendary façade" and emerged as the model pre-<a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> monarch in the Georgian annals.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Alexander's expedition into the Georgian lands is entirely fictional, Georgian and <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical</a> evidence suggests that the kings of Iberia cultivated close relations with the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic</a> successor to Alexander's short-lived empire centered on <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and at times recognized its suzerainty, probably aiding, as Professor <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Toumanoff" title="Cyril Toumanoff">Cyril Toumanoff</a> has implied, their overlords in holding in check the <a href="/wiki/Orontid_dynasty" title="Orontid dynasty">Orontid dynasty</a> of neighboring <a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Armenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pharnavaz is supposed by Toumanoff to have ruled from 299 to 234 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son, <a href="/wiki/Saurmag_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saurmag I of Iberia">Saurmag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reign" title="Reign">r.</a> 234–159 BC), is reported to have died without a male heir, and the dynasty survived in the female line through the marriage of Saurmag's daughter to <a href="/wiki/Mirian_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirian I of Iberia">Mirian (I)</a> (r. 159–109 BC), of the Nimrodids. The Nimrodids, in Georgian Nebrot'iani (ნებროთიანი), which means the "race of Nimrod", is not a dynastic name but the term applied by the medieval Georgian annalists to the ancient Iranians. Hence, the dynasty, although in the female line only, continues to be called by the chronicles as P’arnavaziani ("Second Pharnabazid" as suggested by Toumanoff). </p><p>The dynasty, in the person of Mirian's son, <a href="/wiki/Parnajom_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parnajom of Iberia">P’arnajom</a> (r. 109–90 BC), was dispossessed of the crown by a <a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia">branch</a> of the Armenian <a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty" title="Artaxiad dynasty">Artaxiads</a> whose ascendancy in Iberia lasted from 90 to 30 BC when the Pharnabazids were able to resume the throne. By that time, the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a> had been brought under <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> hegemony. However, Iberia succeeded in detaching itself from the Roman dominion in the last decade of the 1st century BC and emerged as a more powerful state in the 1st century AD. <a href="/wiki/Pharasmanes_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharasmanes I of Iberia">Pharasmanes I of Iberia</a> (r. AD 1–58) energetically interfered in the affairs of Armenia which was then a bone of contention between Rome and <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a> and installed his brother, <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_of_Armenia" title="Mithridates of Armenia">Mithridates</a> (AD 35–51), on the throne of Armenia. In 51, however, Pharasmanes instigated his son, <a href="/wiki/Rhadamistus" title="Rhadamistus">Rhadamistus</a>, to remove Mithridates and occupy the Armenian throne, only to be expelled from his kingdom in 55.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pharasmanes's successor, <a href="/wiki/Mihrdat_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihrdat I of Iberia">Mihrdat I</a> (58–106) forged an alliance with Rome to defend the Iberian frontiers from <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a>, nomads from the north. <a href="/wiki/Armazi_stele_of_Vespasian" class="mw-redirect" title="Armazi stele of Vespasian">Armazi stele of Vespasian</a> discovered at <a href="/wiki/Mtskheta" title="Mtskheta">Mtskheta</a>, capital of Iberia, speaks of Mihrdat as "the friend of the Caesars" and the king "of the Roman-loving <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Iberians" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian Iberians">Iberians</a>." In 75, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> helped the king of Iberia to fortify the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">acropolis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Armazi" title="Armazi">Armazi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Armenia">scions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthian Arsacids</a> had consolidated their hold over Armenia in the 2nd century AD, their branch replaced the Pharnabazids in Iberia. According to the Georgian chronicles, this happened when the nobles staged a revolt against <a href="/wiki/Amazaspus_II_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazaspus II of Iberia">Amazaspus (II)</a> (r. 185–189) and with help of the king of Armenia, probably <a href="/wiki/Vologases_V_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vologases V of Parthia">Vologases II</a> (r. 180–191), who is reported to have been married to Amazasp's sister, deposed and killed their monarch. Vologases installed his son and Amazasp's nephew, <a href="/wiki/Rev_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rev I of Iberia">Rev (I)</a> (r. 189–216) on the throne of Iberia, inaugurating the local <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Iberia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Iberia">Arsacid dynasty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharnavazid_kings_of_Iberia">Pharnavazid kings of Iberia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pharnavazid kings of Iberia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Georgian_monarchs_family_tree_of_Iberia" title="Georgian monarchs family tree of Iberia">Pharnavazid monarchs family tree</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_dynasty">First dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharnavaz_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharnavaz I of Iberia">Pharnavaz I of Iberia</a>, 302–236/4 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauromaces_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauromaces I of Iberia">Sauromaces I of Iberia</a> (son), 234–159 BC</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_dynasty">Second dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirian_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirian I of Iberia">Mirian I of Iberia</a> (son-in-law and adopted son), 159–109 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharnajom_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharnajom of Iberia">Pharnajom of Iberia</a> (son), 109–90 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirian_II_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirian II of Iberia">Mirian II of Iberia</a> (son), 30–20 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxias_II_of_Iberia" title="Artaxias II of Iberia">Artaxias II of Iberia</a> (son), 20 BC–AD 1</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_dynasty">Third dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharasmanes_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharasmanes I of Iberia">Pharasmanes I of Iberia</a> (son of <a href="/wiki/Kartam_of_Colchis" title="Kartam of Colchis">Kartam</a>, descendant of <a href="/wiki/Pharnavaz_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharnavaz I of Iberia">Pharnavaz I</a>'s sister and <a href="/wiki/Sauromaces_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauromaces I of Iberia">Sauromaces I</a>'s daughter), 1–58</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihrdat_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihrdat I of Iberia">Mihrdat I of Iberia</a> (son), 58–106</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazasp_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazasp I of Iberia">Amazasp I of Iberia</a> (son), 106–116</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharasmanes_II_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharasmanes II of Iberia">Pharasmanes II of Iberia</a> (son), 116–132</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadam_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadam of Iberia">Ghadam of Iberia</a> (son), 132–135</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharasmanes_III_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharasmanes III of Iberia">Pharasmanes III of Iberia</a> (son), 135–185</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazasp_II_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazasp II of Iberia">Amazasp II of Iberia</a> (son), 185–189</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharnavazid_kings_of_Armenia">Pharnavazid kings of Armenia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pharnavazid kings of Armenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_of_Armenia" title="Mithridates of Armenia">Mithridates I</a> (brother of <a href="/wiki/Pharasmanes_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharasmanes I of Iberia">Pharasmanes I</a>), 35–37; 42–51</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadamistus" title="Rhadamistus">Rhadamistus</a> (nephew, brother-in-law and son-in-law), 51–53; 54–55</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=121&info_id=992">Royal throne</a> Official site of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Museum" title="Georgian National Museum">Georgian National Museum</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rapp (2003), p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toumanoff (1963), p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pavle_Ingoroqva" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavle Ingoroqva">Pavle Ingoroqva</a> suggests 284–219 BC as the years of Pharnavaz's reign. However, all these dates remain largely speculative. Rapp, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny (1994), p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suny (1994), p. 15.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Suny, Ronald Grigor</a> (1994), <i>The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-20915-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-20915-3">0-253-20915-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Rapp_Jr" title="Stephen H. Rapp Jr">Rapp, Stephen H.</a> (2003), <i>Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts</i>. Peeters Bvba <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-429-1318-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-429-1318-5">90-429-1318-5</a>.</li> <li>Toumanoff, Cyril (1963), <i>Studies in Christian Caucasian History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Press" title="Georgetown University Press">Georgetown University Press</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharnavazid_dynasty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Fähnrich, Heinz (2020), <i>Die Könige der Parnawasiden. Georgien in der Weltgeschichte.</i> Reichert. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-95490-525-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-95490-525-6">978-3-95490-525-6</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Melikishvili" title="Giorgi Melikishvili">Melikishvili, Giorgi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otar_Lordkipanidze" title="Otar Lordkipanidze">Lordkipanidze, Otar</a> (ed., 1989). Очерки истории Грузии (<i>Studies in the History of Georgia</i>), Vol. 1: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nplg.gov.ge/ic/DGL/work/Ocherki_istorii_gruzii/Ocherki_istorii_gruzii_II/1/1.htm">Грузия с древнейших времен до IV в.н.э. (<i>Georgia from the Beginnings to the 4th century AD</i>)</a>. Metsniereba, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-520-00498-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-520-00498-6">5-520-00498-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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