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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> 开放定义 2.1 - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge </title> <meta name="author" content="Open Knowledge Open Definition Group" /> <meta name="description" content="开放定义 2.1 - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/zh/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://a.okfn.org/html/oki/panel/assets/css/frontend.css"/> <link href="https://fonts.cdnfonts.com/css/hk-groteks" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets.okfn.org/mmenu-js/mmenu.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Open Definition" href="/feed/index.xml" /> <script defer data-domain="opendefinition.org" 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class="container"> <h2>开放定义 2.1</h2> <p>2.1 版</p> <p>开放定义用在精准定义知识的「开放性」，以推动一个强健，任何人都可以在最大互操作性下进行参与的共享领域。</p> <p><strong>简介：</strong> <em>当知识是任何人都可以自由存取、使用、修改，以及分享，且最多仅受限于注引出处及保持开放的尺度时，它才是开放的。</em></p> <p>本定义的重要元素与软件相较，同于<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89">开放源码定义</a>下之「开放」一词，并与<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9">自由软件定义</a>和<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9">自由文化作品定义</a>里的「自由」一词为同义。</p> <p><strong>作品</strong>指的是知识被传递时的项目或片段。</p> <p><strong>授权条款</strong>指的是作品被提供时所依循的法律条件。</p> <p><strong>公众领域</strong>意指无著作权或其他类似条件限制，无论是预设不受保护、或已声明扬弃所有此类条件。</p> <p>本文件中，「必须」、「不得」、「建议」、「得」等词汇，各以 <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC2119</a> 中的「must」、「must not」、「should」及「may」定义解释之。</p> <h2 id="1-开放作品">1. 开放作品</h2> <p>一个具开放性的<strong>作品</strong>，<em>必须</em> 在散布上满足以下必备条件：</p> <h3 id="11-开放授权或状态">1.1 开放授权或状态</h3> <p>该<strong>作品</strong> <em>必须</em> 已进入公众领域，或以开放的<strong>授权条款</strong>提供（请参照本定义第 2 条）。任何附加于该作品的额外条款（例如使用条款，或授权人所持有的专利权等），<em>不得</em> 与前述授权条款或该作品之公众领域状态产生冲突。</p> <h3 id="12-方便近用">1.2 方便近用</h3> <p>该<strong>作品</strong> <em>必须</em> 以其完整状态，且仅收取一次性合理重制工本费用的方式提供，并 <em>建议</em> 透过因特网提供免费下载。任何授权遵循所需要的额外信息（例如因注引出处而被要求的贡献者姓名表）也 <em>必须</em> 伴随作品一并提供。</p> <h3 id="13-机器可读">1.3 机器可读</h3> <p>该<strong>作品</strong> <em>必须</em> 以可由计算机处理的型态提供，且当中各项独立元素均易于存取、修改。</p> <h3 id="14-开放格式">1.4 开放格式</h3> <p>该<strong>作品</strong> <em>必须</em> 以开放格式提供。开放格式意指无收费或不加其他限制于其使用上的格式，并可被至少一款自由开源软件工具完整处理。</p> <h2 id="2-开放授权">2. 开放授权</h2> <p><strong>授权条款</strong> <em>建议</em> 与其他开放授权条款兼容。</p> <p>一份具开放性的<strong>授权条款</strong>，其条款将符合下列条件：</p> <h3 id="21-必要的允许">2.1 必要的允许</h3> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>必须</em> 不可撤回地允许（或容许）下列事项：</p> <h4 id="211-使用">2.1.1 使用</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>必须</em> 容许授权作品能被自由使用。</p> <h4 id="212-再散布">2.1.2 再散布</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>必须</em> 容许授权作品能被再次散布，包括销售，无论是单独散布，或视为一部份而与其他不同来源的作品进行汇编后散布。</p> <h4 id="213-修改">2.1.3 修改</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>必须</em> 容许授权作品能被用来创作衍生作品，并且容许这样的衍生作品，以原授权作品一样的条款来进行散布。</p> <h4 id="214-分离">2.1.4 分离</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>必须</em> 容许作品里的任何独立部份，与其他部份或与原汇编作品一同散布时，都得以被自由地使用、散布，与修改。任何依原授权的条款，于任一散布行为里取得该作品任一部份之人，皆<em>建议</em>与包裹式获得原作品之人拥有一样的权利。</p> <h4 id="215-编辑">2.1.5 编辑</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>必须</em> 容许授权作品与其他可区隔作品并行散布时，不会增添限制至这些其他作品上。</p> <h4 id="216-不差别待遇">2.1.6 不差别待遇</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>不得</em> 针对任何人或团体存有差别待遇。</p> <h4 id="217-传散">2.1.7 传散</h4> <p>附着于作品的使用权利，<em>必须</em> 适用到所有的收受者，而毋须同意任何额外的法律条款。</p> <h4 id="218-不限目的">2.1.8 不限目的</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>必须</em> 容许任何目的之使用、再散布、修改，以及编辑；并 <em>不可</em> 限制任何人将作品运用于特定领域下。</p> <h4 id="219-不收费">2.1.9 不收费</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>不得</em> 将任何收费协议、权利金，或其他补偿及金钱报酬列为使用条件的一部份。</p> <h3 id="22-容许的条件">2.2 容许的条件</h3> <p>除了以下的可容许条件之外，<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>不得</em> 限制、模糊化，或以他法降减本定义 2.1 项所示之必要允许：</p> <h4 id="221-姓名标示">2.2.1 姓名标示</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求作品的散布，须包含贡献者、权利人、出资者，以及创作者的姓名标示，只要这些指示不致到繁琐的程度。</p> <h4 id="222-原件完整">2.2.2 原件完整</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求授权作品的修改版本，须以不同名称或版本号来标注，以和原始作品区别；或以他法指示原作的哪些部份已经更动。</p> <h4 id="223-相同方式分享">2.2.3 相同方式分享</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求散布授权作品时，仍采用与原作品一样或相近的授权条款。</p> <h4 id="224-相关声明">2.2.4 相关声明</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求保留著作权声明，以及授权条款的标示。</p> <h4 id="225-源码格式">2.2.5 源码格式</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求任何人在发布作品时，以接受者可以进行后续修改的格式提供。</p> <h4 id="226-技术限制之禁止">2.2.6 技术限制之禁止</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求作品在散布时，维持作品不受到他种技术方法限制应可行使的权力。</p> <h4 id="227-相互侵犯之禁止">2.2.7 相互侵犯之禁止</h4> <p>该<strong>授权条款</strong> <em>得</em> 要求修改者，提供额外的允许予公众（举例来说，专利授权），作为其行使被容许权利的必要条件。该授权条款亦得规定，以被授权人间互不侵犯，作为行使被容许权利的允许条件（同样，例如专利诉讼）。</p> <p><em>开放定义初始是由开放源码定义衍生而来，开放源码定义亦是由 Bruce Perens 与 Debian 开发者所共同提出之 Debian 自由软件指导方针衍生而来。随后 Bruce 采用相同文件建立开放源码定义。本定义为前述文件之衍生产物，并保留其精要原则。流传至今的软件自由理念，则由 Richard Stallman 首先提出。</em></p> <p><em>2.1 translated by <a href="https://www.certifiedchinesetranslation.com/team-Chinese-translators-Samuel.html">Samuel Chong</a> of <a href="https://www.certifiedchinesetranslation.com/">Abacus Chinese Translation Services</a> with the support of <a href="https://www.chinasona.org/">ChinaSona Foundation</a>.</em></p> </div> </section> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="footer-language-links"> <p> The Open Definition in Your Language <ul> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ar/">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/be/">Беларуская</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/bs/">Bosanski</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/bg/">Български</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/ca/">Català</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/cz/">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/da/">Dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/de/">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/et/">Eesti</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/el/">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/en/">English</a></li> <li><a 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