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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Tangga+nada" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Tangga+nada" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Tangga+nada" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Tangga+nada" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Latar_belakang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latar_belakang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Latar belakang</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latar_belakang-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Latar belakang</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latar_belakang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tangga_nada,_langkah,_dan_interval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tangga_nada,_langkah,_dan_interval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tangga nada, langkah, dan interval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tangga_nada,_langkah,_dan_interval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pitch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis-jenis_tangga_nada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis-jenis_tangga_nada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Jenis-jenis tangga nada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis-jenis_tangga_nada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skala_Diantonis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skala_Diantonis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Skala Diantonis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skala_Diantonis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skala_Modal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skala_Modal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Skala Modal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skala_Modal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skala_Penuh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skala_Penuh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Skala Penuh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skala_Penuh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tangga nada</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 64 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A" title="سلم موسيقي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلم موسيقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_musical" title="Escala musical – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escala musical" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Музикална гама – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Музикална гама" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="স্বরগ্রাম – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বরগ্রাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeulenn" title="Skeulenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skeulenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljestvica" title="Ljestvica – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ljestvica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_musical" title="Escala musical – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escala musical" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%DA%98%DB%95_(%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7)" title="پەیژە (مۆسیقا) – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەیژە (مۆسیقا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupnice_(hudba)" title="Stupnice (hudba) – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stupnice (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_(musik)" title="Skala (musik) – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skala (musik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonleiter" title="Tonleiter – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tonleiter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Κλίμακα (μουσική) – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλίμακα (μουσική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music) – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scale (music)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamo" title="Gamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_musical" title="Escala musical – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escala musical" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helirida" title="Helirida – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Helirida" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musika_eskala" title="Musika eskala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Musika eskala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C)" title="گام (موسیقی) – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گام (موسیقی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4velasteikko" title="Sävelasteikko – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sävelasteikko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamme_(musique)" title="Gamme (musique) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gamme (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toonle%C4%91er" title="Toonleđer – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Toonleđer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%A1la_(ceol)" title="Scála (ceol) – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Scála (ceol)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_musical" title="Escala musical – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escala musical" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="סולם (מוזיקה) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולם (מוזיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glazbena_ljestvica" title="Glazbena ljestvica – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glazbena ljestvica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangsor" title="Hangsor – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hangsor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1_(%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Գամմա (երաժշտություն) – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գամմա (երաժշտություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamo" title="Gamo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gamo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3nstigi" title="Tónstigi – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tónstigi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_(musica)" title="Scala (musica) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scala (musica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9A%8E" title="音階 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音階" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangga_nada" title="Tangga nada – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tangga nada" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Гамма (музыка) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гамма (музыка)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EA%B3%84" title="음계 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam" title="Gam – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagramma_(musica)" title="Diagramma (musica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Diagramma (musica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama" title="Gama – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gama" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_(m%C5%ABzik%C4%81)" title="Gamma (mūzikā) – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gamma (mūzikā)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korisam-peo" title="Korisam-peo – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Korisam-peo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Скала (музика) – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Скала (музика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="മ്യൂസിക്കൽ സ്കെയിൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മ്യൂസിക്കൽ സ്കെയിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_(muzik)" title="Skala (muzik) – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Skala (muzik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toonladder" title="Toonladder – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toonladder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_(musikk)" title="Skala (musikk) – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skala (musikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_musicau" title="Escala musicau – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Escala musicau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_(muzyka)" title="Skala (muzyka) – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skala (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_musical" title="Escala musical – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escala musical" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam%C4%83_muzical%C4%83" title="Gamă muzicală – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gamă muzicală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Гамма (музыка) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гамма (музыка)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzi%C4%8Dka_ljestvica" title="Muzička ljestvica – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muzička ljestvica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Scale (music)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupnica_(hudba)" title="Stupnica (hudba) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stupnica (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Музичка лествица – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Музичка лествица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_(musik)" title="Skala (musik) – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skala (musik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D3%A3)" title="Гамма (мусиқӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гамма (мусиқӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="บันไดเสียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บันไดเสียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam" title="Gam – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гама – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_(musiqa)" title="Gamma (musiqa) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gamma (musiqa)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_giai" title="Âm giai – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm giai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%98%B6" title="音阶 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="音阶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%98%B6" title="音阶 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="音阶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im-kai" title="Im-kai – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Im-kai" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9A%8E" title="音階 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="音階" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179651#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tangga_nada" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Tangga_nada" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tangga_nada"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Tangga_nada" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Tangga_nada" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&oldid=25065480" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Tangga_nada&id=25065480&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTangga_nada"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTangga_nada"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tangga+nada"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tangga_nada&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Musical_scale" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179651" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Teori_musik" title="Teori musik">teori musik</a>, <b>tangga nada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>: <span lang="nl"><i>toonladder</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>scale</i></span>) adalah rangkaian <a href="/wiki/Notasi_musik" title="Notasi musik">notasi musik</a> yang diurutkan berdasarkan frekuensi dasar atau pitch, dari 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, i (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do (tinggi)). Bila diibaratkan pada kehidupan nyata, maka tangga nada memiliki fungsi serupa dengan tangga pada kehidupan sehari-hari, di mana susunan nada pada sebuah tangga nada dapat naik atau turun tergantung pada <i>pitch</i> yang digunakan untuk mengurutkannya. Secara umum, tangga nada bisa didefinisikan sebagai susunan berjenjang dari nada-nada pokok suatu sistem nada, mulai dari satu nada dasar sampai dengan nada oktafnya, misalnya: do, re, mi, fa, so, la, si, do.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berdasarkan prinsip kesetaraan <a href="/wiki/Oktaf" title="Oktaf">oktaf</a>, sebuah tangga nada umumnya dianggap menjangkau hanya satu oktaf, dengan oktaf yang lebih tinggi atau rendah pada tangga nada tersebut hanya mengulangi pola dasarnya. Tangga nada mewakili pembagian ruang oktaf menjadi sejumlah langkah tertentu, di mana jarak antarlangkah tersebut disebut dengan <a href="/wiki/Interval_(musik)" title="Interval (musik)">interval nada</a>, yang berfungsi menentukan jeda antara satu nada dengan nada lainnya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latar_belakang">Latar belakang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Latar belakang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Latar belakang"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tangga_nada,_langkah,_dan_interval"><span id="Tangga_nada.2C_langkah.2C_dan_interval"></span>Tangga nada, langkah, dan interval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Tangga nada, langkah, dan interval" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tangga nada, langkah, dan interval"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Suatu tangga nada umumnya disusun mulai dari nada rendah hingga nada tinggi, dengan pola nada yang berulang pada setiap oktaf (skala <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Bohlen%E2%80%93Pierce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala Bohlen–Pierce (halaman belum tersedia)">Bohlen-Pierce</a> menjadi pengecualian). Tangga nada yang mengulang susunan nada pada setiap oktafnya direpresentasikan sebagai susunan melingkar dari kelas nada, yang diurutkan dengan menaikkan (atau menurunkan) kelas nada. Misalnya, susunan nada pada tangga nada C mayor meningkat adalah C-D-E-F-G-A-B-[C], di mana tanda kurung siku pada nada C terakhir menunjukkan bahwa nada tersebut berada pada oktaf yang lebih tinggi dari nada C yang pertama. </p><p>Jarak antara dua nada yang berurutan pada sebuah tangga nada disebut dengan langkah. Notasi dari sebuah tangga nada diberi nomor berdasarkan langkah-langkah yang dimulai dari tingkat pertama tangga nada tersebut. Misalnya, dalam tangga nada C mayor di atas, nada pertama adalah C, kedua D, ketiga E, dan seterusnya. Dua nada yang berurutan juga dapat diberi nomor berdasarkan hubungan antara satu nada dengan lainnya: C dan D menciptakan interval sepertiga (dalam hal ini sepertiga mayor); D dan F juga menciptakan interval sepertiga (dalam hal ini sepertiga minor). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitch">Pitch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pitch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pitch"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tangga nada tunggal dapat disusun pada berbagai tingkatan <i>pitch</i> yang berbeda. Misalnya, tangga nada C mayor dapat dimulai pada C4 (C tengah) dan naik satu oktaf ke C5; atau bisa juga dimulai pada C6 dan naik satu oktaf ke C7. Sepanjang semua nada bisa dimainkan, oktaf di mana nada tersebut berada dapat dialterasi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jenis-jenis_tangga_nada">Jenis-jenis tangga nada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis-jenis tangga nada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis-jenis tangga nada"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tangga nada dapat dideskripsikan berdasarkan jumlah nada per oktaf pada susunannya:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_kromatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala kromatik (halaman belum tersedia)">Skala Kromatis</a>, disebut juga dodekatonis (terdiri dari 12 not per oktaf)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_oktatonik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala oktatonik (halaman belum tersedia)">Skala Oktatonis</a> (terdiri dari 8 not per oktaf)</li> <li>Skala Diatonis (terdiri dari 7 not per oktaf)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_heksatonik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala heksatonik (halaman belum tersedia)">Skala Heksatonis</a> (terdiri dari 6 not per oktaf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skala_pentatonik" title="Skala pentatonik">Skala Pentatonis</a> (terdiri dari 5 not per oktaf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangga_nada_mayor" title="Tangga nada mayor">Skala Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangga_nada_minor" title="Tangga nada minor">Skala Minor</a></li> <li>Skala Modal</li> <li>Skala Penuh</li></ul> <p>Tangga nada juga dapat dideskripsikan berdasarkan interval konstituennya, misalnya hemitonis atau kohemitonis. Para ahli teori musik juga umumnya setuju bahwa interval konstituen dari sebuah tangga nada memiliki peran besar dalam persepsi kognitif mengenai sonoritas atau karakter nada. Selain itu, tangga nada juga dapat dideskripsikan berdasarkan kesimetriannya, misalnya palindromik, kiral, atau memiliki rotasi simetris seperti dalam mode transposisi terbatas Messiaen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skala_Diantonis">Skala Diantonis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Skala Diantonis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Skala Diantonis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skala diatonis merupakan tangga nada yang terdiri dari 7 nada dengan 2 macam interval (satu dan setengah). Tangga nada diatonis umumnya digunakan pada komposisi musik <a href="/wiki/Seni_kontemporer" title="Seni kontemporer">kontemporer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skala_Modal">Skala Modal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Skala Modal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Skala Modal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skala atau tangga nada modal adalah aturan penamaan sebuah nada berdasarkan urutan di mana nada tersebut dimulai. Tangga nada modal terdiri dari Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, dan Locrian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skala_Penuh">Skala Penuh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Skala Penuh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Skala Penuh"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skala penuh merupakan tangga nada yang memiliki interval satu not penuh antarnada dalam komposisinya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Soeharto, M. Kamus Musik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia. 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tambahpinter.com/jenis-tangga-nada/">"Jenis Tangga Nada Beserta Contohnya"</a>. <i>Tambah Pinter</i>. 26 Desember 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 Desember</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tambah+Pinter&rft.atitle=Jenis+Tangga+Nada+Beserta+Contohnya&rft.date=2019-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftambahpinter.com%2Fjenis-tangga-nada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATangga+nada" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|first1=</code> tanpa <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|last1=</code> di Authors list (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#first_missing_last" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg/40px-Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg/60px-Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg/80px-Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="143" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik <a href="/wiki/Lagu" title="Lagu">lagu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musik" title="Musik">musik</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Alat_musik" title="Alat musik">alat musik</a> ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&action=edit">mengembangkannya</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Musik-stub" title="Templat:Musik-stub"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Musik-stub" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Musik-stub"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Musik-stub&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&oldid=25065480">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangga_nada&oldid=25065480</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tangga_nada" title="Kategori:Tangga nada">Tangga nada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Teori_musik" title="Kategori:Teori musik">Teori musik</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Galat_CS1:_tidak_memiliki_penulis_atau_penyunting" title="Kategori:Galat CS1: tidak memiliki penulis atau penyunting">Galat CS1: tidak memiliki penulis atau penyunting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Belanda" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Belanda">Artikel mengandung aksara Belanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_artikel_rintisan" title="Kategori:Semua artikel rintisan">Semua artikel rintisan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rintisan_bertopik_musik" title="Kategori:Rintisan bertopik musik">Rintisan bertopik musik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_artikel_rintisan_Desember_2023" title="Kategori:Semua artikel rintisan Desember 2023">Semua artikel rintisan Desember 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_musik_Desember_2023" title="Kategori:Artikel musik Desember 2023">Artikel musik Desember 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 26 Desember 2023, pukul 04.53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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